JP2010130747A - Winding connection controller and magneto-generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a magneto-generator equipped with a winding connection controller wherein it is possible to selectively change an output characteristic from the structure of an identical armature winding. <P>SOLUTION: The magneto-generator including the armature winding and a magnet includes: connecting terminals formed at both ends of each coil comprising the armature winding; and a switching element group comprised of multiple switching elements (triacs Q) that short-circuit connecting terminals together or release them. It is further provided with: a winding unit 101 that configures multiple different kinds of armature winding circuits by switching between short-circuiting and releasing of connecting terminals; and a circuit selection control unit 300 that controls turn-on/off of each switching element of the switching element group in the winding unit 101 and thereby selects multiple different kinds of armature winding circuits. Thus output voltage characteristics are adjusted by selection of armature winding circuits. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus capable of selecting an armature winding circuit in an armature winding, a field winding or the like of a generator or a motor, and in particular, a core having a plurality of salient poles corresponding to the number of slots. The present invention relates to a winding connection control device that controls connection of the windings wound around the salient poles, and a magnet generator including the winding connection control device.

In the winding structure of the armature winding of the generator or motor, the winding is wound around each salient pole sequentially with respect to the core where a plurality of salient poles corresponding to the number of slots are arranged. Three coil groups have been formed.
For example, in the case of a magnetic generator (three-phase synchronous generator) using a permanent magnet for the field, the output voltage current is determined by the number of slots, the number of turns of the winding, the magnet dimensions, etc. An armature core having a number of slots and a number of turns based on a desired voltage specification has been manufactured.

Therefore, with the conventional structure, when changing the output voltage / current specification, it is necessary to change the design of the field magnet specification, the number of slots, the number of windings, etc., and manufacture the armature core corresponding to it Met.
That is, in the magnet generator, the field magnet specifications as well as the corresponding armature core specifications must be prepared depending on the required output voltage characteristics. This is because the specifications of the armature winding and the field side magnet cannot be varied by one type. Therefore, for the various output voltage specifications in the magnet generator, there are a variety of magnet generator winding and magnet arrangement specifications, and various stocks, molds, manufacturing equipment jigs, etc. must be prepared. The phenomenon that it was difficult to produce a mass production effect occurred.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a power transformer or the like, a structure of a magnet type single-phase synchronous motor that performs winding switching by a control device instead of a connecting wire when an output voltage is increased or decreased by switching connection to an intermediate tap is disclosed in Patent Document 1. It is described in.
Further, Patent Document 2 describes a structure in which an intermediate tap is provided in each armature winding for a three-phase armature winding.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-22915 JP-A-5-328647

  The magnet-type single-phase synchronous motor described in Patent Document 1 draws out the intermediate tap lead wire from the middle of the number of windings of the armature winding, and is connected so that the number of turns of the main circuit is reduced during startup, When the synchronous operation is started, the main circuit is connected so that there are more winding lines, and the output voltage is not variable by switching the winding connection.

  In the three-phase armature winding described in Patent Document 2, the number of turns connected to the power supply by the armature winding is applied with a voltage higher than the share of the turn number ratio, the carrier frequency is high, and the pulse width When a rotating electric machine is operated by a modulation inverter, a voltage having a fast rise time and a high peak value may be applied to the terminal of the rotating electric machine, and the life of the armature winding used in the rotating electric machine may be reduced. To shorten the life of the armature winding connected to the power supply, the terminals are switched every usage time to average the life of the armature winding and to offset it. Without it, it will extend the life. That is, the structure provided with the intermediate tap described in Patent Document 1 is not intended to selectively change the output characteristics by providing the intermediate tap on the armature winding.

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above circumstances, and by providing a circuit selection control unit for selecting an armature winding circuit, the output characteristics can be selectively changed by the structure of the same armature winding. An object of the present invention is to provide a winding connection control device and a magnet generator having the winding connection control device.

In order to achieve the above object, a winding connection control device according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises a winding section and a circuit selection control section.
The winding part has a connection terminal provided at both ends of the winding for each slot, with respect to the winding wound around each of the salient poles of the core in which a plurality of salient poles corresponding to the number of slots are arranged, A switching element group composed of a plurality of switching elements that short-circuit / release the connection terminals is provided, and a plurality of types of winding circuits can be configured by switching the short-circuit / release between the connection terminals.
The circuit selection control unit is configured to select a plurality of types of winding circuits by performing on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group in the winding unit.

Claim 2 of the present invention is a magnet generator comprising an armature winding and a magnet,
A connection terminal formed at both ends of each coil constituting the armature winding, and a switching element group composed of a plurality of switching elements for short-circuiting / releasing the connection terminals are provided, and a short circuit between the connection terminals is provided. An armature winding section that can configure multiple types of armature winding circuits by switching the release;
A circuit selection control unit for selecting a plurality of types of armature winding circuits by performing on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group in the armature winding unit;
It is characterized by comprising.

A third aspect of the present invention provides the magnet generator according to the second aspect,
The circuit selection control unit detects whether an output voltage or a load current during driving of the generator has reached an upper threshold or a lower threshold, and performs on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group. It is characterized by switching the winding circuit with

Claim 4 of the present invention is the magnet generator according to claim 2,
The circuit selection control unit selects a plurality of types of armature winding circuits by performing on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group by a manual selection operation.

Claim 5 of the present invention is the magnet generator according to claim 2,
A battery power source is provided, and an armature winding circuit is selected by the circuit selection control unit, thereby enabling operation as a direct current motor directly driven by the battery power source.

  According to the winding connection control device of the present invention (Claim 1), by providing a circuit selection control unit that performs on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group and selects a winding circuit, the winding unit A plurality of types of winding circuits can be selected, and a plurality of output characteristics can be obtained in the armature winding and the field winding of the generator and the motor.

According to the magnet generator of the present invention (Claim 2), on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group of the circuit selection control unit is performed to control the connection of the windings so that the armature winding circuit is Switching is possible, and a structure having a plurality of output voltage current characteristics can be obtained.
And since it has a some output voltage current characteristic, even if rotation speed falls, a rated output voltage is securable by switching an armature winding circuit with a circuit selection control apparatus.
In addition, since the stator armature windings can be shared, the output voltage specifications can be easily switched in multiple ways, making it easier to mass-produce stator structures with armature windings. The manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  According to the magnet generator of the present invention (Claim 3), it is detected whether the output voltage or the load current at the time of driving the generator has reached the upper limit threshold or the lower limit threshold, and each of the switching elements of the switching element group is detected. Since the on / off control is performed, the armature winding circuit can be automatically switched.

  According to the magnet generator of the present invention (Claim 4), the armature winding circuit is selected by performing on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group by manual selection operation. The output voltage / current characteristics can be realized by mode switching.

  According to the magnet generator of the present invention (Claim 5), the magnet generator as a DC motor directly driven by a battery power source is selected by selecting an armature winding circuit with a small applied voltage to be driven by the circuit selection control unit. Since the machine can be operated, a lifting device and a starting motor for raising and lowering the DC voltage of the battery power source can be eliminated.

An example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The present invention relates to a winding connection control device for a generator or an electric motor. Hereinafter, an example in which the winding connection control device is applied to a magnet generator will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the entire inverter generator system. A magnetic generator (three-phase synchronous) having a winding part 101 composed of three phases and a rotor 102 rotating with respect to the winding part 101 is shown. Generator) 100, engine 200 as a driving source of magnet generator 100, circuit selection control unit 300 for selecting an armature winding circuit (winding circuit) in winding unit 101, and magnet generator 100 An inverter unit 400 that rectifies the three-phase output, an operation unit 500 that inputs the output from the inverter unit 400 and operates the generator, a motor drive unit 600 for starting the magnet generator 100, and the motor drive unit 600. A generator having a battery power source 700 to be connected and a CPU for inputting signals from various sensors installed in the engine 200 and controlling the generator. A motor control unit 800 is configured to have a remote control box 900 remote control capable of relative generator control unit 800 and the operation unit 500.
The winding connection control device includes a winding unit 101 and a circuit selection control unit 300 that operates so as to select a winding circuit by controlling a connection method of windings in the winding unit 101. .
Control signal transmission / reception is performed between the generator control unit 800 and the circuit connection selection unit 300, the inverter unit 400, the operation unit 500, and the motor drive unit 600.

In the engine 200, a piston 202 is slidably disposed in a cylinder 201, and the straight motion of the piston 202 is converted into a rotational motion of an output shaft (crankshaft) 204 disposed in a crankcase 203. The generator 100 generates electricity when the rotor 102 of the machine 100 rotates.
An intake pipe 207 having a throttle valve 206 rotated by a governor motor 205 is connected to the intake side of the cylinder 201, and an exhaust pipe 209 having a three-way catalyst 208 is connected to the exhaust side. The exhaust pipe 208 has an O ₂ sensor 210 that detects the amount of oxygen, an exhaust temperature sensor 211 that detects the exhaust temperature, the cylinder 201 has a temperature sensor 212 that detects the temperature inside the cylinder, and the side of the crankcase 203 is ignited. A BTDC sensor 213 for detecting the rotation angle of the crankshaft is mounted for timing control, and an oil level sensor 214 for detecting the amount of engine oil is mounted on the bottom surface of the crankcase 203, and signals from various sensors have a CPU. A spark plug 220 that is input to the generator control unit 800 and attached to the upper part of the cylinder 201, an injector 230 that is attached to the intake side of the cylinder 201, a governor motor 205, a solenoid valve 240, and an electromagnetic pump 251 installed in the fuel tank 250. Control signal is output The amount of fuel supplied from the fuel tank 250 by the electromagnetic pump 251, the air supply amount by the throttle valve 206, the fuel injection amount by the injector 230, control of the ignition timing by the ignition plug 220 is to be carried out respectively.

  The circuit selection control unit 300 is a control signal for selecting and switching a plurality of types of armature winding circuits in order to control the connection of windings in the winding unit 101 based on a control signal from the generator control unit 800. The voltage characteristics of the three-phase output that is output from the generator varies depending on the armature winding circuit that is selected. The configuration of the circuit selection control unit 300 and the voltage characteristics obtained by switching the armature winding circuit will be described later.

  The three-phase output output from the generator is input to an inverter unit 400 including a control unit (CPU) 410. The inverter unit 400 includes a rectifier circuit 401 configured by bridge-connecting four thyristors, a smoothing capacitor 402 connected to the output side of the rectifier circuit 401, and four FETs. An inverter circuit 403 is provided, and the three-phase input is converted into AC power (INV output) having a predetermined frequency and output.

The control unit (CPU) 410 performs switching control of the four thyristors (SC) when the voltage is output from the rectifier circuit 401 and switching control of the four FETs when the desired frequency voltage is output by the inverter circuit. Since the circuit selection control unit 300 switches the armature circuit of the winding unit 101, the voltage EDC between the terminals a and b of both ends of the smoothing capacitor 402 on the input side of the inverter circuit 402, and the inverter circuit 402 The input current Id is always detected and output to the generator control unit 800.
When the voltage EDC reaches the upper limit threshold or the lower limit threshold (actually, it is determined by detecting the number of times the threshold voltage line has been entered for a predetermined time. A specific control method will be described later. The winding switching permission signal is output to the circuit selection control unit 300 via the generator control unit 800. The armature winding circuit (winding connection) of the winding unit 101 is switched by a control signal from the circuit selection control unit 300, and different output voltages are obtained when the generator is driven. Details of the switching operation of the armature winding circuit of the winding unit 101 by the control signal from the circuit selection control unit 300 will be described later.

In addition, the control unit (CPU) 410 shuts off the rectifier circuit 401 when a voltage abnormality occurs due to a short circuit failure or a coil short in the armature circuit 101 or when a device short circuit failure occurs in the circuit selection control unit 300 by switching control of the thyristor. To control.
The control unit (CPU) 410 monitors the voltage (for example, Vd) generated at both ends of each thyristor constituting the rectifier circuit 401, and detects this when a thyristor failure occurs and Vd = 0. The circuit is shut off.

The operation unit 500 is for performing various operations on the magnet generator, and includes a selection changeover switch 501 for switching between fixing (standard voltage winding) and variable of the armature winding circuit, and variable selection. A mode selection switch 502, an outlet 503 for outputting the voltage generated by the generator, a frequency changeover switch 504 for switching the frequency (50/60 Hz) of the output voltage, and an armature winding on the generator side when the engine is started A startup switch 505 for fixing the line circuit to a startup armature winding circuit (a ¼ voltage winding described later), and an indicator 506 for monitoring the connection switching timing of the armature winding circuit in the winding section 101; A liquid crystal monitor 507 for displaying the connection state of the armature winding circuit in the winding section 101, and a breaker 508 for cutting off the current when an overcurrent flows. It is configured to include a.
In the mode selection switch 502 described above, the operation mode 1 for automatically switching the armature winding circuit, the operation modes 2 to 3 for automatically switching when the connected load is specified to some extent, and the maximum output voltage are obtained. The operation mode to be fixed to the armature winding circuit is selected by manual switching.

  The motor drive unit 600 is for direct driving as a DC motor by a direct current voltage supplied from the battery 700 when the generator is started.

Next, the configuration of the magnet generator 100 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory front view of the stator structure 1 in the outer rotor type magnet generator 100. 3 and 4 are a side view and a back view of the stator structure 1 of the magnet generator. 5 and 6 are a development view and an equivalent circuit diagram of the stator core.

  The stator structure 1 (winding portion 101) having a winding structure is attached to the front side of the crankcase 203 of the engine 200, which is a drive source of the generator, by bolts that pass through the four bolt through holes 11. On the outer peripheral side of the stator structure 1, a bottomed cylindrical rotor (rotor yoke) (rotor 102 in FIG. 1) connected to the end of the output shaft 204 of the engine 200 and rotating is disposed. A plurality of field permanent magnets 103 are attached to the inner surface of the rotor 102, and the rotor 102 and the stator structure 1 constitute an outer rotor type magnet generator.

The stator structure 1 includes an annular stator core 10 around which a plurality of salient poles corresponding to the number of slots are arranged, and a coupler 20 (20A to 20D) that is divided into four in the circumferential direction to form an annular body as a whole. It is configured.
The stator core 10 is composed of an annular base and 24 salient poles that are radially projected from the base. The stator core 10 is formed by punching and molding a core plate from a thin plate of silicon steel and stacking a plurality of these.
2, the coupler 20 is attached to the stator core 10, and the stator winding 5 is wound around the salient pole of the stator core 10 via a bobbin 12 (FIG. 3) made of an insulating material such as a synthetic resin. The stator structure 1 in a state where the terminals T1 to T48 are configured by connecting the end portions (drawing ports) of the wound stator winding 5 to the respective conductive connection terminals 25 mounted at predetermined positions of the coupler 20. Is shown.
Each connection terminal 25 is formed of a conductive metal piece (dedicated terminal) having a shape that can be attached to each of the terminals T1 to T48. By connecting and fixing the end of the stator winding 5, each connection terminal 25 is connected to each salient pole. Connection terminals as taps are formed on both ends.

  As shown in the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 6, the stator structure 1 includes a set of windings corresponding to the four salient poles in the main winding wound around the 24 salient poles of the stator core 10. Two circuits of three phases (U phase, V phase, W phase) are formed so as to be configurable. That is, the salient poles U11 to U14, V11 to V14, and W11 to W14 are wound in U-phase winding, V-phase winding, and W-phase winding, respectively. A third three-phase circuit can be formed, and U-phase windings, V-phase windings, and W-phase windings for winding the salient poles U21 to U24, V21 to V24, and W21 to W24 for each salient pole. , V phase, and W phase can be formed as a second three-phase circuit. Then, terminals T1 to T48 as connection terminals are respectively formed at positions corresponding to the salient poles in the U-phase winding, the V-phase winding, and the W-phase winding, and the connection locations of the connection terminals are adjusted. Thus, a plurality of types of armature circuits can be selectively formed, and a plurality of types of output voltages can be obtained at the output end.

As shown in the development view of FIG. 5, 48 connection terminals are formed for 24 salient poles so as to correspond to both end positions of the salient poles.
That is, as shown in the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 6, on the side forming one of the three-phase circuits, T1 and T2 are provided at both ends of the salient pole U11, T3 and T4 are provided at both ends of the salient pole V11, and the salient pole W11 is provided. T5 and T6 at both ends, T7 and T8 at both ends of the salient pole U12, T9 and T10 at both ends of the salient pole V12, T11 and T12 at both ends of the salient pole W12, and T3 and T14 at both ends of the salient pole U13 T15 and T16 at both ends of the salient pole V13, T17 and T18 at both ends of the salient pole W13, T19 and T20 at both ends of the salient pole U14, T21 and T22 at both ends of the salient pole V14, and both ends of the salient pole W14. T23 and T24 are formed respectively.
As the other three-phase circuit side, T25 and T26 are provided at both ends of the salient pole U21, T27 and T28 are provided at both ends of the salient pole V21, T29 and T30 are provided at both ends of the salient pole W21, and the salient pole U22 is provided. T31 and T32 at both ends, T33 and T34 at both ends of the salient pole V22, T35 and T36 at both ends of the salient pole W22, T37 and T38 at both ends of the salient pole U23, and T39 and T40 at both ends of the salient pole V23 T41 and T42 are formed at both ends of the salient pole W23, T43 and T44 are formed at both ends of the salient pole U24, T45 and T46 are formed at both ends of the salient pole V24, and T47 and T48 are respectively formed at both ends of the salient pole W24. .
Each connection terminal is selected to be connected or disconnected by on / off control of a switching element described later.
Note that the three-phase output of the main winding is converted into alternating current of a predetermined frequency by the inverter unit 400 (FIG. 1) and provided to the load connected to the outlet 503 of the operation unit 500.

Next, the circuit of the circuit selection control unit 300 will be described with reference to the equivalent circuits of FIGS. Switching elements arranged in the circuit selection control unit 300 are connected to the connection terminals of the winding unit 101 via connection lines, respectively. Each switching element is formed of an element that allows a current to flow bidirectionally when a trigger is applied. For example, a triac Q is used.
That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the triac Q1 is between T1 and T7, the triac Q2 is between T2 and T8, the triac Q3 is between T7 and T13, and the triac is between T8 and T14. Q4 is a triac Q5 between T13 and T19, a triac Q6 is between T14 and T20, a triac Q7 is between T25 and T31, a triac Q8 is between T26 and T32, and T31 and T37 TRIAC Q9 between T32 and T38, TRIAC Q11 between T37 and T43, TRIAC Q12 between T38 and T44, and TRIAC Q13 between T1 and T25. However, the triac Q14 is connected between T20 and T44.

  Also, the triac Q15 between T3 and T9, the triac Q16 between T4 and T10, the triac Q17 between T9 and T15, the triac Q18 between T10 and T16, and the T15 and T21. Triac Q19 in between, Triac Q20 between T16 and T22, Triac Q21 between T27 and T33, Triac Q22 between T28 and T34, Triac Q23 between T33 and T39, Triac Q24 between T34 and T40, Triac Q25 between T39 and T45, Triac Q26 between T40 and T46, Triac Q27 between T3 and T27, Between T22 and T46 Are connected to the triac Q28.

  Also, the triac Q29 between T5 and T11, the triac Q30 between T6 and T12, the triac Q31 between T11 and T17, the triac Q32 between T12 and T18, and the T17 and T23. Triac Q33 in between, Triac Q34 between T18 and T24, Triac Q35 between T29 and T35, Triac Q36 between T30 and T36, Triac Q37 between T35 and T41, Triac Q38 between T36 and T42, Triac Q39 between T41 and T47, Triac Q40 between T42 and T48, Triac Q41 between T5 and T29, between T24 and T48 Are connected to the triac Q42.

Also, the triac Q43 between T2 and T7, the triac Q44 between T8 and T13, the triac Q45 between T14 and T19, the triac Q46 between T26 and T31, and the T32 and T37. A triac Q47 is connected between them, a triac Q48 is connected between T38 and T43, and a triac Q49 is connected between T20 and T25.
Also, the triac Q50 between T4 and T9, the triac Q51 between T10 and T15, the triac Q52 between T16 and T21, the triac Q53 between T28 and T33, and the T34 and T39. A triac Q54 is connected between them, a triac Q55 is connected between T40 and T45, and a triac Q56 is connected between T22 and T27.
Triac Q57 between T6 and T11, Triac Q58 between T12 and T17, Triac Q59 between T18 and T23, Triac Q60 between T30 and T35, and T36 and T41. A triac Q61 is connected between them, a triac Q62 is connected between T42 and T47, and a triac Q63 is connected between T24 and T29.

Also, the triac Q64 between T1 and T13, the triac Q65 between T8 and T20, the triac Q66 between T3 and T15, the triac Q67 between T10 and T22, and the T5 and T17. A triac Q68 is connected between them, and a triac Q69 is connected between T12 and T24.
By connecting as described above, a circuit in which two sets of star connections can be configured for the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase as shown in FIG. 8 can be formed.
Then, by controlling conduction / non-conduction of the plurality of triacs Q in FIG. 7 with a control signal from the circuit selection control unit 300, a plurality of types of armature winding circuits can be obtained by changing the connection location.

  As for the armature winding circuit of the winding portion 101, any number of circuits can be formed by controlling the conduction / non-conduction of a plurality of triacs Q. The triac Q group that needs to be in a conductive state in order to realize the armature winding circuit is set, and the circuit selection control unit 300 performs control to turn on the triac Q for each group. Is called.

Hereinafter, a switching example of the triac Q group capable of realizing four types of armature winding circuits in the winding unit 101 will be described.
A first connection example of the armature winding circuit suitable for starting the generator will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the circuit of FIG. 7, in order to configure the U-phase coil, the triacs Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14 are turned on (conducting), In order to configure the V-phase coil, the triacs Q15, Q16, Q17, Q18, Q19, Q20, Q21, Q22, Q23, Q24, Q25, Q26, Q27, and Q28 are turned on (conduction) to configure the W-phase coil. Therefore, if the triacs Q29, Q30, Q31, Q32, Q33, Q34, Q35, Q36, Q37, Q38, Q39, Q40, Q41, Q42 are turned on (conductive) (FIG. 9), T1, T7, T13, T19, T25, T31, T37, and T43 are connected, and T3, T9, T15, T21, T27, T33, T39, and T45 are connected. , T5, T11, T17, T23, T29, T35, T41, T47, while T2, T8, T14, T20, T26, T32, T38, T44, T4, T10, T16, T22, T28, T34, T40, T46, T6, T12, T18, T24, T30, T36, T42, and T48 are connected to the neutral point terminal (N) (FIG. 10).
The U-phase output end is a portion where T1, T7, T13, T19, T25, T31, T37, and T43 are connected, and the V-phase output end is T3, T9, T15, T21, T27, T33, T39. , T45 are connected, and the W-phase output end is a portion where T5, T11, T17, T23, T29, T35, T41, T47 are connected (FIG. 10).

As a result, the equivalent circuit diagram of the armature winding circuit in the stator structure 1 is a star-connected three-phase circuit having a neutral point as shown in FIG. 10, and eight coils are connected in parallel to each phase. 1 coil 8 parallel circuit (1/4 voltage winding) which forms the circuit of (1) can be constituted.
According to the first connection example, since both ends of one coil in each phase are output ends, both ends of a coil group in which four coils are connected in series in each phase described later are output ends. Compared with the connection example 2 (standard voltage winding), an output voltage of about 1/4 is obtained.

Next, a second connection example of the armature winding circuit in the winding portion 101 will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.
In the circuit of FIG. 7, in order to configure the U-phase coil, the triacs Q13, Q14, Q43, Q44, Q45, Q46, Q47, and Q48 are turned on (conductive) and the V-phase coils are configured. , Q50, Q51, Q52, Q53, Q54, Q55 are turned on (conductive), and the triac Q41, Q42, Q57, Q58, Q59, Q60, Q61, Q62 are turned on (conductive) in order to form a W-phase coil. (FIG. 10), T1 and T25, T20 and T44, T2 and T7, T8 and T13, T14 and T19, T26 and T31, T32 and T37, T38 and T43, T3 and T27, T22 and T46. , T4 and T9, T10 and T15, T16 and T21, T28 and T33, T34 and T39, T40 and T45 are connected. T5 and T29, T24 and T48, T6 and T11, T12 and T17, T18 and T23, T30 and T35, T36 and T41, T42 and T47 are connected, while T20, T44, T22, T46, T24, and T48 are in the middle. It is connected to the sex point terminal (N) (FIG. 12).
The U-phase output end is a portion connecting T1 and T25, the V-phase output end is a portion connecting T3 and T27, and the W-phase output end is a portion connecting T5 and T29. (FIG. 12).

  As a result, the equivalent circuit diagram of the armature winding circuit in the stator structure 1 is a star-connected three-phase circuit having a neutral point as shown in FIG. 12, and four coil groups connected in series are arranged in parallel. 4 coil 2 parallel circuit (standard voltage winding) which forms a circuit of each phase can be configured (second connection example).

Next, a third connection example of the armature winding circuit in the winding portion 101 will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the circuit of FIG. 7, in order to configure the U-phase coil, the triacs Q43, Q45, Q46, Q47, Q48, Q49, Q64, and Q65 are turned on (conductive) and the V-phase coils are configured. , Q53, Q54, Q55, Q56, Q66, Q67 are turned on (conductive), and the triac Q57, Q59, Q60, Q61, Q62, Q63, Q68, Q69 are turned on (conductive) to form a W-phase coil. 13 (FIG. 13), T2 and T7, T14 and T19, T26 and T31, T32 and T37, T38 and T43, T20 and T25, T1 and T13, T8 and T20, T4 and T9, T16 and T21. , T28 and T33, T34 and T39, T40 and T45, T22 and T27, T3 and T15, T10 and T22 are connected. T6 and T11, T18 and T23, T30 and T35, T36 and T41, T42 and T47, T24 and T29, T5 and T17, T12 and T24 are connected, while T44, T46 and T48 are neutral point terminals (N) (FIG. 14).
The U-phase output end is a portion connecting T1 and T13, the V-phase output end is a portion connecting T3 and T15, and the W-phase output end is a portion connecting T5 and T17. (FIG. 14).

As a result, the equivalent circuit diagram of the armature winding circuit in the stator structure 1 is a star-connected three-phase circuit having a neutral point as shown in FIG. 14, and the four coil groups connected in series are Thus, a two-coil parallel + four-coil series circuit (1.5-fold voltage winding) in which two coil groups are connected in parallel to form a circuit of each phase can be configured (third connection example).
According to the third connection example, both ends where two coils are connected to the coil group in which four coils are connected in series in each phase are output ends, so that four coils in each phase. As compared with the second connection example (standard voltage winding) in which both ends of the coil group connected in series are output ends, an output voltage of about 1.5 times can be obtained.

Next, a fourth connection example of the armature winding circuit in the winding portion 101 will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16.
In the circuit of FIG. 7, in order to configure the U-phase coil, the triacs Q43, Q44, Q45, Q46, Q47, Q48, and Q49 are turned on (conductive), and to configure the V-phase coil, the triacs Q50, Q51, and Q52 are configured. , Q53, Q54, Q55, Q56 are turned on (conducting) to form a W-phase coil, so that the triacs Q57, Q58, Q59, Q60, Q61, Q62, Q63 are turned on (conducting) (FIG. 15). ), T2 and T7, T8 and T13, T14 and T19, T26 and T31, T32 and T37, T38 and T43, T20 and T25, T4 and T9, T10 and T15, T16 and T21, T28 and T33, T34 And T39, T40 and T45, T22 and T27, T6 and T11, T12 and T17, T18 and T23, T3 When T35, T36 and T41, T42 and T47, while T24 and T29 are connected, T44, T46, T48 are connected to the neutral terminal (N) (Fig. 16).
The U-phase output terminal is T1, the V-phase output terminal is T3, and the W-phase output terminal is T5 (FIG. 16).

As a result, the equivalent circuit diagram of the armature winding circuit in the stator structure 1 is a star-connected three-phase circuit having a neutral point as shown in FIG. 16, and each of the eight coil groups connected in series includes An 8-coil series circuit (double voltage winding) forming a phase circuit can be configured (fourth connection example).
According to the fourth connection example, since both ends of the coil group in which eight coils are connected in series in each phase are output ends, both ends of the coil group in which four coils are connected in series in each phase. As compared with the second connection example (standard voltage winding) in which is an output terminal, an output voltage approximately twice as high can be obtained.

In the switching control of each triac Q group corresponding to the above-described four types of armature winding circuits in the winding unit 101, a switching permission signal from the control unit 410 is output to the generator control unit 800, and the generator control unit 800 However, because of the three-phase control signal, the conduction timing of the triac Q group is controlled to be different in the U, V, and W phases of the triac Q group.
That is, the circuit selection control unit 300 includes a switching timing detection circuit that is generally used to control the conduction timing of the U, V phase, and W phase triac Q groups as shown in FIG. Has been. The switching timing detection circuit is configured to include U-phase detection, V-phase detection, and W-phase detection that detect zero-crossing of each phase voltage, but the detection circuit for each phase has the same configuration. Explained.

The U-phase voltage zero-crossing detection circuit detects the phase by detecting the voltage across the coil of U24, and the power supply circuit 310 provides the transistor 312 with the light of the photocoupler 311 that emits light at the zero-crossing timing. The control signal for turning on the triac Q group is output from the CPU data port 313 of the generator control unit 800, and the bidirectional diode 315 is turned on via the photocoupler 314 to turn on the triac Q1. ing. The triac Q1 represents 23 U-phase triacs in FIG. 7 as a representative, and a desired triac group in each triac is turned on at the time of zero crossing by a control signal.
The photodiode 320 is provided for monitoring and corresponds to the indicator 506 of the operation unit 500 described above.
By having a switching timing detection circuit, the zero cross position is detected and the switching element is controlled to be turned on / off for each phase. Can be prevented.

FIG. 18 shows the no-load output voltage characteristics of the magnet generator when the armature winding circuit is configured in the above-described first to fourth connection examples in the inverter type magnet generator system. In FIG. 18, the 1/4 voltage output winding is the first connection example, the STD voltage winding is the second connection example, the 1.5-fold voltage winding is the third connection example, and the 2-fold voltage winding is the fourth connection example. Each connection example is shown.
Hereinafter, the operation of the generator will be described with reference to FIG.
(1) When “fixed” is selected with the selection changeover switch 501 in the operation unit 500, the generator is generated in the region B of the STD voltage winding (second connection example) in FIG. Are driven (usually at 3500 rpm).
(2) When “variable” is selected by the selection changeover switch 501 in the operation unit 500, the operation modes 1 to 3 in which the armature winding circuit is automatically switched by the mode selection switch 502 at the time of variable selection, the armature winding An operation mode 4 in which the circuit is operated with the double winding voltage fixed can be selected.

When “a” mode selection switch 502 is used to select operation mode 1 (automatic switching operation)
In this case, the armature winding circuit includes an STD voltage winding (second connection example), a 1.5-fold voltage winding (third connection example), and a double-voltage winding (fourth connection example). Automatically switches between the two.
The engine speed range is set to 1500 to 4000 rpm.
The generator is operated in the region B after starting up with the STD voltage winding and starting the engine. During operation, the inverter unit 400 constantly monitors the voltage EDC and the current Id. When the average load factor for 5 minutes is less than 60%, the armature winding circuit is set to 1.5 times the voltage winding (first Switch to the connection example 3) and drive. When the average load factor for 5 minutes is less than 30%, the armature winding circuit is switched to the double voltage winding (fourth connection example) for operation.
If the load factor fluctuates and tends to increase, the capacity will increase and the voltage winding will be one step lower if it enters the area below the lower threshold voltage value (for example, lower limit voltage 163V) five times five seconds on average for 5 minutes. Switch.
In addition, when the voltage value increases, an upper limit voltage for switching to an armature winding circuit with a low output voltage is set so that an overvoltage is applied to the FET of the inverter circuit 403 in the inverter unit 400 and is not damaged.
The threshold value and the number of times for switching the armature winding circuit can be freely set by software processing for operating the CPU of the generator control unit 800.
According to the above configuration, even if the rated output frequency is reduced to half by utilizing the variable output characteristics, the circuit selection control unit switches the armature circuit from the STD voltage winding to the double voltage winding to output the rated voltage. Can be secured.
Further, by constantly monitoring the voltage EDC and the current Id and switching the armature winding circuit according to the load variation, the engine can be operated at a lower speed, so that fuel efficiency can be improved.

When the load to be connected is specified to some extent, the operation modes 2 to 4 are selected.
When the operation mode 2 (automatic switching operation) is selected by the “b” mode selection switch 502 In this case as well, the armature winding circuit includes an STD voltage winding (second connection example), a 1.5-fold voltage winding. (Third connection example) The operation is automatically switched between the double voltage winding (fourth connection example), but immediately after starting up with the STD voltage winding (second connection example). The operation is switched to the 1.5-fold voltage winding (third connection example).
The engine speed range is 1670 to 3000 rpm.
During operation, the inverter unit 400 constantly monitors the voltage EDC and the current Id, and when the average load factor for 5 minutes is less than 30%, the armature winding circuit is connected to the double voltage winding (fourth voltage winding). Switch to connection example) and drive.
If the load factor fluctuates and tends to increase, the capacity is considered to have increased if it enters the lower region of the lower threshold voltage value (for example, lower limit voltage 163V) five times five seconds on average for 5 minutes. Switch to 1.5 voltage winding.
When an overload occurs, the load is cut off and the output from the inverter circuit 403 is stopped.

When the operation mode 3 (automatic switching operation) is selected by the “c” mode selection switch 502 In this case, the armature winding circuit has a 1.5-fold voltage winding (third connection example) and a 2-fold voltage winding. The operation is automatically switched between the lines (fourth connection example).
The range of engine speed is set to 1500 to 2500 rpm.
After starting up with a 1.5 voltage winding (third connection example), immediately switch to a double voltage winding (fourth connection example) and operate.
During operation, the inverter unit 400 constantly monitors the voltage EDC and the current Id, and when the average load factor for 5 minutes is less than 30%, the armature winding circuit is connected to the double voltage winding (fourth voltage winding). Switch to connection example) and drive.
If the load factor fluctuates and tends to increase, the capacity is considered to have increased if it enters the lower region of the lower threshold voltage value (for example, lower limit voltage 163V) five times five seconds on average for 5 minutes. Switch to 1.5 voltage winding.

When the operation mode 4 (fixed operation) is selected by the “d” mode selection switch 502 In this case, the armature winding circuit is operated while being fixed to the double voltage winding (fourth connection example).
The range of engine speed is set to 1500 to 2000 rpm.

When the start-up switch 505 of the operation unit 500 is turned on, a ¼ voltage winding that is a generator-side armature winding circuit suitable for starting the engine is selected.
In this case, by setting the armature winding circuit to ¼ voltage winding, even when the applied voltage (about 10V) for driving is reduced, the number of revolutions required for starting (500 rotations) can be obtained. Therefore, the motor can be started by direct drive from the battery voltage that does not require a booster circuit.
After the engine rotation is established, the battery voltage is turned off and the operation is switched to the STD voltage winding mode for driving.

  According to the above-described magnet generator, as shown in the first to fourth connection examples, by the on / off control of the switching element (triac) group by the circuit selection control unit 300 with respect to the terminals T1 to T48, Since the armature winding circuit can be selected by controlling the connection of the windings, a plurality of output voltage characteristics corresponding to the circuit obtained by connecting each coil group (armature winding) in series and parallel are obtained. Therefore, it is possible to provide a fixed rotation / variable voltage output capable of supplying an optimum voltage corresponding to the load in the generator.

  In addition, by selecting an armature winding circuit (1/4 voltage winding: fourth connection example) with a small applied voltage for driving by the circuit selection control unit 300, an application for one coil is performed when operating as an electric motor. Since only a voltage is required, the magnet generator can be operated as a DC motor directly driven by a battery power source. This eliminates the need for a lifting device or a starting motor for raising and lowering the DC voltage of the battery power supply.

  In addition, since the output voltage specifications can be easily switched in a plurality of ways by connecting the switching elements by the circuit selection control unit 300 while keeping the structure of the stator armature winding part in common, the armature according to the output characteristics There is no need to manufacture windings. As a result, in the manufacturing process of the armature winding in the stator structure 1, there is no setup change for switching to another voltage specification, so that the setup change process is reduced and the cost of multi-product management can be reduced. .

In addition, one armature winding specification can be used for all voltage types, so it can be built up. Therefore, it is possible to expect mass production of armature windings by planning timely production in anticipation of when raw material costs are cheap, and making a reserve, which can be expected to substantially reduce manufacturing costs. .
Also, if the connection terminal (dedicated terminal) can be provided with a tap or a coupler structure, the part around which the armature winding is wound can be used for other specifications, so other specifications are required. In addition, since it is possible to manufacture other specifications with only the connection terminal and the mold of the coupler, it is possible to make a minimum investment in the mold.

  In the example of the magnet generator described above, the armature winding circuit that can be selected by the circuit selection control unit 300 has been described in connection examples 1 to 4. However, each tap is controlled by on / off control using a switching element (triac). By devising the connections 1 to 48, various armature circuits can be designed, and various output characteristics can be obtained accordingly.

Further, in the above example, the example in which the winding connection control device configured by the winding unit 101 and the circuit selection control unit 300 is applied to the magnet generator using the permanent magnet as the field is described. By applying to the armature winding structure of the electric motor, the winding structure in the field winding of the electric motor, etc., it is possible to change the output characteristics by adjusting the way of connection by the external connection electric wire.
When used as an electric motor, the on-resistance during conduction can be reduced by using FETs as switching elements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is composition explanatory drawing which shows the whole system of the inverter electric power generating apparatus provided with the magnet type generator which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is front explanatory drawing of the stator structure used with the magnet type generator provided with the coil | winding connection control apparatus of this invention. It is side surface explanatory drawing of a stator structure. It is back surface explanatory drawing of a stator structure. It is an expanded view of a stator. It is an equivalent circuit diagram of the armature winding part of the stator structure. It is the equivalent circuit schematic of the coil | winding connection control apparatus which displayed the switching element (triac). It is a simple equivalent circuit diagram of a winding part. It is circuit explanatory drawing which shows the connection state of the coil | winding connection control apparatus to which the 1st connection example is applied in one Embodiment of this invention. It is the equivalent circuit schematic of the coil | winding part of the coil | winding connection control apparatus to which the 1st example of connection is applied in one Embodiment of this invention. It is circuit explanatory drawing which shows the connection state of the coil | winding connection control apparatus to which the 2nd connection example is applied in one Embodiment of this invention. It is the equivalent circuit schematic of the coil | winding part of the coil | winding connection control apparatus to which the 2nd connection example is applied in one Embodiment of this invention. It is circuit explanatory drawing which shows the connection state of the coil | winding connection control apparatus to which the 3rd connection example is applied in one Embodiment of this invention. It is the equivalent circuit schematic of the coil | winding part of the coil | winding connection control apparatus to which the 3rd connection example is applied in one Embodiment of this invention. It is circuit explanatory drawing which shows the connection state of the coil | winding connection control apparatus to which the 4th example of connection is applied in one Embodiment of this invention. It is the equivalent circuit schematic of the coil | winding part of the coil | winding connection control apparatus to which the 4th example of connection is applied in one Embodiment of this invention. It is circuit explanatory drawing of the switching timing detection circuit in a coil | winding connection control apparatus. It is a graph which shows the output voltage characteristic after three-phase rectification with respect to the rotation speed at the time of no load in the magnet type generator which has the armature winding circuit to which the first to fourth connection examples are applied in the winding connection control device. .

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stator structure, 5 ... Stator winding, 10 ... Stator core, 20 (20A-20D) ... Coupler, 25 ... Connection terminal, 100 ... Magnet generator, 101 ... Winding part, 102 ... Rotor, 103 ... Permanent magnet 200 ... Engine 300 ... Circuit selection control unit 400 ... Inverter unit 401 ... Rectifier circuit 402 ... Smoothing capacitor 403 ... Inverter circuit 500 ... Operating unit 501 ... Selection switch 502 ... Mode selection Switch, 600 ... Motor drive unit, 700 ... Battery, 800 ... Generator control unit, T1-T48 ... Terminal (connection terminal).

Claims (5)

For the winding wound around each salient pole of the core in which a plurality of salient poles corresponding to the number of slots are arranged, the connection terminals provided at both ends of the winding for each slot, and a short circuit between the connection terminals A winding element that includes a switching element group that includes a plurality of switching elements that perform release, and that can configure a plurality of types of winding circuits by switching between short-circuiting and releasing between the connection terminals;
A circuit selection control unit that selects a plurality of types of winding circuits by performing on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group in the winding unit;
A winding connection control device comprising: In the magnet generator with armature winding and magnet,
A connection terminal formed at both ends of each coil constituting the armature winding, and a switching element group composed of a plurality of switching elements for short-circuiting / releasing the connection terminals are provided, and a short circuit between the connection terminals is provided. An armature winding section that can configure multiple types of armature winding circuits by switching the release;
A circuit selection control unit for selecting a plurality of types of armature winding circuits by performing on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group in the armature winding unit;
A magnet generator, comprising:   The circuit selection control unit detects whether an output voltage or a load current during driving of the generator has reached an upper threshold or a lower threshold, and performs on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group. The magnet type generator according to claim 2, wherein the armature winding circuit is switched at.   The magnetic power generation according to claim 2, wherein the circuit selection control unit selects a plurality of types of armature winding circuits by performing on / off control of each switching element of the switching element group by a manual selection operation. Machine.   3. The magnet generator according to claim 2, further comprising a battery power supply, and capable of operating as a DC motor that is directly driven by the battery power supply by selecting an armature winding circuit by the circuit selection control unit.

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