JP2010115009A - Port microgrid - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a port microgrid which meets economical requirements by considering advantages available when applied to a microgrid which a port related equipment originally includes. <P>SOLUTION: The port microgrid connected to a port related equipment includes a power feeding facility 3 and a secondary battery 8 for a ship 15 being anchored. The power feeding apparatus 3, the secondary battery 8, and a gantry crane 5 as a cargo gear are connected to power distribution lines 7 respectively, thus configuring a microgrid 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a harbor microgrid that is constructed by effectively using harbor-related facilities including a power feeding apparatus for a berthing ship and a cargo handling apparatus such as a gantry crane.

  In recent years, a plurality of distributed power sources and secondary batteries distributed in a relatively small demand area are combined to supply power generated by the distributed power source to customers who need it. Micro grids, which are small-scale power supply networks that enable local supply and demand, are drawing attention.

  However, among the distributed power sources connected to the microgrid, for example, solar power generation facilities (solar cells) and wind power generation facilities that use natural energy are difficult to adjust the power generation amount and power generation time, and follow fluctuations in demand. I can't. In addition, a combustion generator using a prime mover such as a gas turbine, a steam turbine, or a diesel engine can adjust the power generation timing, but if operated according to demand, it cannot be operated in a highly efficient state. In addition, natural energy such as sunlight and wind power is affected by the natural environment, day and night, and season, resulting in fluctuations in generated power, making it difficult to balance power supply and demand, and voltage and frequency. Fluctuating easily, power quality is inferior, and may adversely affect electrical equipment. Furthermore, in these microgrids, it is necessary to newly lay a transmission line that connects between customers in a demand area or between a distributed power source and a customer.

  By the way, a ship that is anchored in a harbor usually performs idling operation of an engine (diesel engine) mounted on the ship, rotates a generator, and supplies the power to the ship. However, the fuel efficiency during idling of the engine is poor, and exhaust gas containing particulates (mainly carbon particulates) in addition to carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides is emitted during engine operation. It causes air pollution and is not environmentally preferable. Therefore, it is desired to improve the environment of the port by carrying out so-called ship version idling stop, which stops the engine of the anchored ship by supplying the necessary power in the ship from the onshore commercial power system to the ship. Has been.

  In order to achieve these demands, a power receiving terminal is provided on the ship side so that power can be supplied from an external power supply facility on land, while an external power terminal (power supply equipment for ships at rest) is provided on the quay side. Thus, there has been proposed one in which both terminals can be connected by a power supply cable so that external power from a commercial power system or the like can be supplied to a ship (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  On the other hand, container ships that transport food-related items such as fresh food are equipped with large refrigeration / freezers to keep the container at a predetermined temperature, and the container yard also has a container yard. Since it is equipped with a REF stand to store unloaded refrigerated containers, it requires a large amount of power to operate these refrigeration and refrigeration equipment even when it is anchored. These electric powers are not always required, but are necessary for a limited period such as when the ship is docked at the quay and anchored. Therefore, when the power supply engine in the ship is stopped and the power supply of the commercial power system is received from the land, the peak value of the peak power is high, so a huge monthly contract that is charged separately from the power charge to be used as needed Electricity charges are required.

  Port-related facilities including port facilities include, for example, mooring devices provided on a quay where a ship berths, gantry cranes for transferring cargo, transfer cranes, straddle carriers, and other cargo handling operation facilities. In addition, fixed facilities such as container yards and terminal yards for transporting and storing containers and cargo are built on the quay, and cargo storage warehouses and cargo management buildings are built around the quay. Is equipped with an elevator for raising and lowering cargo and a crane for conveying. In particular, gantry cranes are conventionally discarded by converting enormous potential energy and kinetic energy into heat when a container or cargo falls or when traveling is decelerated. However, if kinetic energy is converted into electric energy and recovered as electric power by a regenerative brake having a power generation function during braking, energy is saved.

  Note that power supply for operating a cargo handling device such as a gantry crane is generally performed from a commercial power system. For this reason, substation facilities are installed in the port, and power is supplied from the transmission line to the cargo handling equipment. The cargo handling equipment is usually attached to the quay corresponding to the mooring place in the sea area where the ship is anchored. In many cases, the cargo handling equipment is fed by power transmission lines from the receiving / transforming equipment, so the power transmission lines are often buried underground such as quay walls. Further, in a traveling crane, there is a case where power is received in a connection box provided on the ground and supplied to the crane via a cabtyre cable. In such a case, the traveling crane is equipped with a cable winder and appropriately winds the cable. In addition to cargo handling equipment, power transmission lines are also led to warehouses and other buildings, as well as lighting lights, and are laid almost all over the harbor, so the power grid of the microgrid is a component. In addition, there are extra spaces scattered around the warehouse, including on the roof of the warehouse. In addition, the harbor has abundant wind energy such as beach breeze caused by the temperature difference between land and sea, and there are no high buildings that block sunlight. It is suitable for installing solar cells and wind power generators. Therefore, a large number of highly efficient distributed power sources can be provided by installing power generation facilities using natural energy in surplus space in the harbor.

As a prior art related to a microgrid, a detection device for detecting a load state or a state of a power supply line and a state of a secondary battery by connecting a secondary battery having a large capacity and a high output via a charging / discharging device to the power supply line; And a control device that controls the charge / discharge device and the power supply device based on the power supply status detected by the detection device and the state of the secondary battery, and charges the secondary battery when surplus power is estimated in the power supply line. A battery that discharges from a secondary battery when power shortage is estimated has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
JP 2006-290018 A JP 2007-159225 A

  The microgrid described in Patent Document 2 is a microgrid that can be economically established by using a large-capacity, high-output secondary battery to increase the power supply amount of the power supply device and reduce the power consumption. Since the grid is intended to be provided, in this respect, there is a part in which the problem to be solved is common with the present invention. Focusing on the superiority when applied to the grid, we intend to provide a microgrid that uses harbor-related facilities that is economically feasible.

  In order to achieve the above object, a port microgrid according to the present invention is a microgrid connected to a port-related facility, and includes a power feeding device and a secondary battery for a ship that is anchored, and the power feeding device. The secondary battery and the cargo handling device are respectively connected (to a microgrid). Needless to say, when the microgrid is an AC power system, the microgrid must be connected to the secondary battery via charging / discharging means such as an AC / DC converter. On the other hand, when the microgrid is a direct current power system, when a power generation facility using natural energy is provided as described in claim 4, the microgrid is connected to the distribution line of the microgrid via an inverse converter (so-called inverter). Need to connect.

  According to the port microgrid of the present invention having the above-described configuration, when loading / unloading a ship that is anchored using a gantry crane among the port-related equipment, in particular, when loading / unloading, Since the potential energy and kinetic energy converted into heat and discarded when decelerating while traveling on a track are enormous, these potential energy or kinetic energy can be recovered by converting them into electric power using regenerative means such as regenerative brakes. it can. On the other hand, since the cargo handling device constitutes a microgrid via a distribution line and is connected to a secondary battery, the recovered regenerative power can only be stored in the secondary battery directly or sequentially via charge / discharge means. For example, power can be supplied from a secondary battery to a ship that is anchored.

  In addition, since there are usually multiple gantry cranes installed at a port, and loading and unloading of gantry cranes may be carried out simultaneously at various locations, in such cases, surplus regenerative power recovered from the gantry crane is used. Can be supplied to other gantry cranes to compensate for power consumption between the gantry cranes. As a result, the power supplied from the commercial power system can be suppressed at the peak of the power consumption supplied from the commercial power system to a cargo handling device such as a berthed ship or a gantry crane, and the cost of electricity can be reduced. The contracted electricity charge of the commercial power system depends on the contracted power separately from the total amount of power used, so the electricity charge can be greatly reduced by suppressing the peak power with the power supplied from the secondary battery or gantry crane. This is because it can be reduced. That is, it is possible to reduce the demand value by suppressing the power supplied from the commercial power system, and to reduce the cost of the electricity bill.

  As described above, since the harbor microgrid according to the present invention includes the secondary battery, it is possible to balance power demand and supply. In other words, when excess or deficiency occurs between the demand and supply of power in the microgrid, while supplying the insufficient power from the secondary battery, the recovered surplus power is accumulated in the secondary battery, The time lag (unbalance) between the supply and demand of power can be leveled by the secondary battery to balance the two.

  Further, as described above, when idling a ship that is anchored, when power is supplied from the commercial power system for power supply to the ship, the power of the secondary battery is one of the power consumption at the peak time. Since the demand value can be reduced by reducing the peak demand value, the ship is equipped with a large refrigeration refrigeration system, and the container yard is equipped with refrigeration equipment such as a REF stand. This is effective when deployed and the amount of power used is large.

  As described in claim 2, in the harbor microgrid according to claim 1, in order to supply electric power from a commercial power system to the cargo handling device, an existing transmission line (including a power feeding cable) is provided in the harbor. It can be used for a part of the distribution line.

  The microgrid requires the installation of a distribution line that connects between the cargo handling device and the secondary battery, and this laying requires a large amount of money. In many cases, transmission lines are buried underground to supply electricity, and in this way, it is possible to construct a microgrid power grid in the port using existing transmission lines, saving equipment costs. it can. In addition, when a facility such as a distributed power source is provided in a harbor, it is advantageous that only a distribution line connecting only the facility and an existing transmission line is installed.

  As described in claim 3, in the harbor microgrid described in claim 1 or 2, a nickel metal hydride battery can be used as the secondary battery.

  In this way, the nickel-metal hydride battery has a small internal resistance and, as shown in FIG. 4, the voltage fluctuation caused by the fluctuation of the SOC (State Of Charge) is small. Therefore, it is possible to use a battery with a smaller capacity compared to other secondary batteries such as lead acid battery, nickel / cadmium battery, NAS (sodium / sulfur) battery, and nickel metal hydride battery has high volume energy density. In addition, since the installation place can be small, it is not necessary to interpose an expensive charge / discharge device, so the installation location of the charge / discharge device is not necessary, and the equipment cost can be reduced. Moreover, the nickel metal hydride battery has no rapid operation like a step-up / down chopper and is excellent in rapid charge / discharge characteristics. In addition, the nickel-metal hydride battery has a low internal resistance and a small voltage fluctuation based on the fluctuation of the SOC as described above. Therefore, especially when unloading with a gantry crane, a large current must be supplied instantaneously. Since it can respond by the discharge from a nickel metal hydride battery, the fall of a voltage can be suppressed. Conversely, when unloading with a gantry crane, when using a regenerative brake to convert to regenerative electric power, such as braking, and collecting it, if a large current occurs momentarily, charge the nickel metal hydride battery and take action. As a result, an increase in voltage flowing through the distribution line can be suppressed. Therefore, by using a nickel metal hydride battery for the secondary battery, it is possible to stabilize the distribution line voltage.

  As described in claim 4, in the harbor microgrid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is preferable that the cargo handling device is a gantry crane.

  In this way, if the cargo handling device is a gantry crane, the power required for cargo handling work is large, but the regenerative power that can be recovered is also large, so the amount of power that can be supplied to other cargo handling devices and anchored vessels and secondary power The amount of power that can be charged to the battery is large. Moreover, since a cargo handling operation using a gantry crane or the like is generally performed for a long time, the regenerative power can be charged to the secondary battery during that time, and the amount of electricity that can be charged is extremely large. Then, the regenerative power collected by charging the secondary battery is simultaneously used for powering the anchored ship and driving other gantry cranes, thereby greatly reducing the power bill.

  As described in claim 5, in the harbor microgrid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a power generation facility using natural energy can be connected to the distribution line. Here, the power generation facility using natural energy includes, for example, a solar battery and a wind power generator, but is not limited thereto, and may be another power generation facility (for example, a small hydroelectric generator). When the microgrid is a DC power system, it is necessary to connect an inverse converter (so-called inverter) to the distribution line of the microgrid in the power generation facility using natural energy.

  In this way, if a power generation facility that uses natural energy, such as solar power generation or wind power generation, that affects the output during power generation, is connected to a microgrid distribution line, the generated power can be used as a customer. Not only can it be supplied, but it is possible to charge the secondary battery with surplus power generated when the power consumption of the load at the demand destination is exceeded. In addition, the power generation facilities such as those described above are affected by the amount of generated power and frequency in the natural environment, and the quality of power is generally inferior. Without being controlled, the secondary battery can be charged with electric power generated by controlling the wind speed so as to always have the maximum output, and natural energy can be used effectively to the maximum.

  As described in claim 6, in the harbor microgrid described in claim 5, the power generation equipment can be a solar cell and / or a wind power generator.

  In this way, the port has abundant wind energy generated by the temperature difference between land and sea regardless of weather conditions, and there is enough surplus space to install wind power generators. Therefore, a large number of wind power generators can be installed in the port upon request to generate power with high efficiency. As for solar cells, there are many buildings that can be installed on the roofs and rooftops of warehouses, etc. in the harbor, but there are no high buildings that block sunlight, so many solar cells are installed. It is possible to generate electric power with high-efficiency power generation and charge the secondary battery, so that natural energy can be used effectively to the maximum.

  As described in claim 7, in the harbor microgrid described in claim 4, it is desirable to provide a regenerative brake on the electric motor of the gantry crane.

  In this way, when the gantry crane unloads or decelerates, it is no longer necessary to convert the potential energy and kinetic energy held by the gantry crane into heat and dispose of it as regenerative electric energy. Since it can be recovered in the form of electric power, for example, if multiple gantry cranes are handling cargo in a port, the regenerative power recovered by some gantry cranes is distributed to other gantry via distribution lines. Can be supplied to the crane to compensate. In addition, if there is no gantry crane that requires power supply, the secondary battery can be charged via the distribution line to save energy, and at the same time, the time difference between power supply and demand is leveled by the secondary battery. , Can balance supply and demand. Furthermore, for example, potential energy possessed when a gantry crane or other cargo handling device unloads a load from a state where the load is lifted upward can be recovered by converting it into regenerative power. In addition, when a gantry crane traveling on a track is decelerated, the kinetic energy that was previously discarded by converting the electric power generated in electromagnetic braking into heat with a resistor is regenerated as electric power, passed through the distribution line, and charged and discharged. After being converted to direct current through an apparatus or the like, the secondary battery can be charged and collected.

The harbor microgrid according to the present invention has the following excellent effects. That is,
・ The microgrid is equipped with a secondary battery, and the regenerative power is collected with a gantry crane that has a large amount of recoverable power and charged to the secondary battery, or the regenerative power is supplied to other operating gantry cranes and anchored vessels. By supplying the power generated or discharged from a charged secondary battery to a gantry crane or anchored ship, a microgrid is constructed across the entire port including port-related facilities, Compared with a conventional power supply state to a ship that is anchored, the peak power is suppressed and the demand value (maximum power consumption) can be reduced. As a result, even if a secondary battery or a ship power supply facility is provided or a part of the distribution line is newly laid, it is economically established.

  -In general, a microgrid requires the installation of a distribution line that connects a distributed power source such as a solar cell or a wind power generator to a customer, and this installation requires a great deal of cost. According to this, the existing transmission line in the quay or in the harbor can be used as a part of the distribution line of the microgrid, so that a great deal of cost can be reduced. Moreover, since the existing transmission line used as a distribution line in the microgrid of the present invention is close to the sea area and may be exposed to seawater, it is sufficiently insulated by being buried in the quay underground. High quality as a distribution line. In addition, since the existing power transmission line is laid over almost the entire area of the harbor along the quay or the like, it is suitable as a power grid for a microgrid. In addition, when installing a facility such as a distributed power supply or a secondary battery on the side of a warehouse slightly away from the quay, install a short distribution line that connects only the facility and the existing transmission line. This is also advantageous in that respect.

  ・ Gantry cranes, especially cargo handling facilities among port-related facilities, are operated with the main power supply from the commercial power system, but the gantry cranes that run on the track store power (for example, gantry cranes that are running) Has kinetic energy). In addition, when cargo such as containers once lifted by a wire rope is suspended in a container yard or the like, it has potential energy, but until now it was converted into thermal energy with a resistor or the like when it was braked and discarded. However, especially in gantry cranes, potential energy and operating energy that can be recovered as electric power are frequently generated during cargo handling work, so kinetic energy and potential energy are converted into electric energy by energy conversion means to recover a large amount of electric power. As a result, the regenerated electric power can be supplied to other port-related equipment or a ship that is anchored, or can be stored in a secondary battery.

  ・ Electricity when power is supplied by commercial power compared to conventional so-called ship-type idling stop, which supplies power from a microgrid to an anchored ship and stops the engine that had to be operated to supply the ship. Since it was easy to carry out by reducing charges, we actively regulate the emission of exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates, and improve the environment by eliminating air pollution and marine pollution. be able to.

  -In the harbor microgrid of the present invention, since a plurality of gantry cranes that can collect large power are usually installed in the harbor, regenerative braking, etc. when unloading or decelerating with a gantry crane during cargo handling work By generating power with this energy conversion means and collecting large-capacity regenerative power, it is possible to easily level power consumption and regenerative power.

  -Since a secondary battery is provided in the microgrid, the power can be leveled using the secondary battery. Secondary batteries are not only used for the power of gantry cranes and the regenerative power collected, but also when supplying power generation facilities using natural energy, It is also useful as a battery for balancing. Naturally, in a power generation facility using natural energy that requires a battery, for example, in a wind power generator, instead of controlling the power generation amount and frequency according to the wind speed, it is controlled so that it always becomes the maximum output with respect to the wind speed, Since the obtained electric power can be converted into a direct current through charging / discharging means to charge the secondary battery, wind energy can be used effectively. These effects are the same for solar cells, and are exhibited when a generator using natural energy is provided as a distributed power source.

  Embodiments of a harbor microgrid according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view conceptually showing an embodiment of a harbor microgrid according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the concept of the harbor microgrid in FIG. An example of an AC power supply system in a port-related facility used is shown. 1 and 2 show an example of the flow of electricity from the AC substation to the gantry crane 5 and the anchored ship 15 at the same time.

  The port microgrid 1 of this example is incorporated in the microgrid using port-related facilities as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and has an entrance when the ship 15 enters and leaves the sea area S in the port. As shown in the figure, a quay 2 surrounded by a concave shape is provided. Power supply facilities 3 for supplying power to the anchored ship 15 are installed at the ship mooring yards of the opposite quays 2R and 2L. On the other hand, a power receiving terminal (not shown) is provided on the ship 15 side, and when the ship 15 supplies power in an idling stop state, a power supply cable fed from the power supply facility 3 is passed over the ship 15 and Connected to a power receiving terminal (not shown). A container yard Y is provided along the quay 2L on the one side (the front side in FIG. 1), and a pair of tracks 4 are laid in parallel along the longitudinal direction on the apron on the tip side. A plurality of gantry cranes 5 are placed along a certain distance along the road.

  Each gantry crane 5 includes wheels 5b at the four corners of the lower end of the crane body 5a, and travels by receiving power supply from a commercial power system B described later by a traveling motor 5f. The crane body 5a is provided with a boom portion 5c elongated in a direction perpendicular to the track 4, and a trolley or jib crane is reciprocated by the traveling motor 5f along the boom portion 5c, and a container-specific spreader is attached. The wire rope is lifted and lowered by the lifting and lowering motor 5g to lift and lower the container C. The traveling motor 5f and the lifting and lowering motor 5g are provided in a machine room 5d provided at a substantially intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the boom portion 5c. And is operated by receiving power from the commercial power system B. That is, a traveling crane such as the gantry crane 5 receives power in a connection box provided on the ground and supplies power to the gantry crane 5 via the cabtyre cable 5h as shown in FIG. In such a case, the gantry crane 5 is equipped with a cable winder 5e and appropriately winds up the cable 5h. The container C unloaded from the ship 15 is once stored in the crane yard Y. For example, the refrigerated container C storing fresh food is stored in a container yard dedicated to a refrigerated container provided with a REF stand or the like. The container yard dedicated to refrigerated containers is equipped with a refrigerated container power supply device (not shown) and a cold air supply device (not shown) for supplying cold air to the container. A power transmission line 11 is embedded and guided to the container yard.

  On one side (the back side in the figure) of the front quay 2 straddling between the quays 2R and 2L, a substation facility 6 for receiving AC power from the commercial power system B is installed. This substation facility 6 is provided with a transformer 6a for dropping to a predetermined voltage, and a container having power supply facilities 3 and 3 and gantry cranes 5 and 5 on both sides by a transmission line 11 embedded in the ground of the quay 2 Power is supplied to Yard Y. A warehouse 12 is built on the front quay 2 at a location slightly away from the sea area S. A power transmission line 11 is also laid in the warehouse 12. In addition, said power transmission line 11 makes a part of alternating current system distribution line 7 of the microgrid 1 of this example.

  Near the other side (front side of the figure) of the front quay 2, a secondary battery 8 configured by connecting a plurality of sets of nickel hydrogen battery groups 8 a in parallel as shown in FIG. 3 is provided and connected to the distribution line 7. Has been. Each set of nickel metal hydride battery groups 8a is configured by connecting a predetermined number of battery modules 8b in series in series. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, an opening / closing facility 9 and a charge / discharge facility (current system (AC / DC / orthogonal) conversion facility) 10 are provided adjacent to the secondary battery 8, and in this example, the switching facility 9 is the secondary battery. 8 is connected to the distribution line 7 on the + side of the secondary battery 8. In this example, the switchgear 9 is composed of a high-speed circuit breaker 9a as shown in FIG. 3 (a) or a high-speed circuit breaker 9a and a reactor 9b as shown in FIG. 3 (b). Thus, by providing the reactor 9b in series with the high-speed circuit breaker 9a, the rise of the current at the time of the short circuit can be made gentle, the burden on the high-speed circuit breaker 9a can be reduced, and the current can be reliably interrupted at the time of the short circuit accident.

  On the other hand, the charging / discharging equipment 10 converts the AC power from the commercial power system B, the AC power generated by the wind power generator 14 and the regenerative AC power recovered from the gantry crane 5 into DC power, and charges the secondary battery 8. And a DC / AC converter 10b for supplying electric power from the secondary battery 8 to the ship 15 and the gantry crane 5 that are anchored as demand destinations. Although illustration is omitted, the latter DC / AC converter 10b can be connected to the + side of the secondary battery 8 via the switchgear 9 and led from the DC / AC converter 10b to the customer by the distribution line 7. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the former AC / DC converter 10a is interposed in the distribution line 7 on the negative side of the secondary battery 8, and converts AC power into DC power. In other words, surplus AC power supplied from the commercial power system B, recovered by the gantry crane 5 or generated by the wind power generator 14 is converted into direct current by the AC / DC converter 10a. Then, the secondary battery 8 is charged.

  On the roof of the warehouse 12, a solar cell 13 as a distributed power source is provided. In addition, a wind power generator 14 as another distributed power source is installed in the vacant land near the warehouse 12 with the propeller 14a facing the sea area S. Here, a generator that generates DC power, such as the solar battery 13, is directly connected to the secondary battery 8, and in the case of a generator that normally generates AC power, such as the wind power generator 14, an AC / DC converter is used. Therefore, the AC / DC converter 10 a is interposed between the wind power generator 14 and the secondary battery 8.

  Each of the traveling motors 5f and the lifting motors 5g of each gantry crane 5 is equipped with a mechanism (not shown) such as a regenerative brake circuit for functioning as a regenerative brake, and when the gantry crane 5 is unloaded, A large amount of regenerative power is generated by braking using a regenerative brake during deceleration. This regenerative power, for example, when another gantry crane 5 is in operation, helps to reduce power consumption of the gantry crane 5 during operation by supplying power via the distribution line 7. The voltage drop of the electric wire 7 can be prevented. If there is no other gantry crane 5 in operation, the regenerative power generated during braking becomes surplus power. Therefore, the secondary battery 8 is converted to direct current by the AC / DC converter 10a via the distribution line 7. Charged.

  By the way, in order to conform to the type of power supplied by the distribution line 7, in this example, after the conversion is performed by the charge / discharge control means so that a predetermined voltage (for example, 440V) is obtained in the AC system, the distribution is performed. The secondary battery 8 is charged through the electric wire 7 and the AC / DC converter 10a, or power is supplied to another gantry crane 5 in operation through the electric distribution line 7. Moreover, in the apparatus which produces | generates direct-current electricity like the above-mentioned solar cell 13, after adjusting to a predetermined voltage using a DC / DC converter (not shown), a secondary battery via the distribution line 7 8 can be connected. Further, if a DC generator is used for the generator for generating regenerative power or the wind power generator 14, an AC / DC converter such as the AC / DC converter 10a becomes unnecessary.

  Further, in the microgrid 1 of this example, the power is supplied from the secondary battery 8 and replenished at the peak output of power used by the gantry crane 5, the anchored ship 15 or the like. The peak power value that is supplied is suppressed to reduce costs. That is, the supply from the commercial power system B is performed by supplementing the peak power value of the power demand generated in the microgrid 1 with the power supplied from the secondary battery 8 when the peak power of the operating gantry crane 5 or the like is output. The peak value of the received power can be suppressed, and the contract power charge can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in order to be able to charge the secondary battery 8 using low-cost nighttime electric power, the power supplied from the substation 6 to the secondary battery 8 through the distribution line 7 is connected to the distribution line 7. 9 and the AC / DC converter 10a. With this configuration, it is possible to charge the secondary battery 8 by converting nighttime AC power into DC.

  An example of a power supply mode to a ship or the like will be described with respect to the embodiment of the microgrid according to the present invention configured as described above.

  1 and 2, at least two ships 15 are docked at the quay 2 in the harbor. The ship 15 anchored at the quay 2L in the foreground unloads the container C from the ship 15 to the container yard Y using the gantry crane 5. All the ships 15 are idling stop, and the power used in the ship is switched to the power supplied from the land. For this reason, a power supply cable is extended from each power supply facility 3 and connected to a power receiving terminal in the ship so that power can be supplied from the commercial power system B or the like. In this state, the engine in the ship 15 is stopped and the power supply from the commercial power system B is received. Further, the power charged in the secondary battery 8 is also converted into AC power by the DC / AC converter 10b, or the voltage is adjusted by the AC / AC converter 10c or the frequency is adjusted by another charging / discharging device. The distribution line 7 supplies it to the ship 15.

  On the other hand, each of the above gantry cranes 5 is provided with a regenerative brake, and the potential energy held when the container C lifted during the cargo handling operation is lowered to the container yard Y is converted to electricity and recovered. The kinetic energy at the time of stopping from the state of running on the track 4 is converted into electricity and recovered. More specifically, the regenerative power that can be recovered by one gantry crane 5 is about 700 kWh / day, so if there are nine, for example, it will be 6300 kWh per day. This large-capacity regenerative electric power can be converted into direct current by the AC / DC converter 10a during the operation of the gantry crane 5 and sequentially charged in the secondary battery 8. Further, if the maximum output of the secondary battery 8 is assumed to be 500 kW, the demand value of the electricity charge that the ship 15 per ship contracts with the external commercial system B can be reduced by 500 kW. In this case, the reduction cost is nearly 10 million yen per year, and when combined with the electric power charge, a huge cost exceeding 40 million yen can be saved. Moreover, by executing the ship version idling stop, exhaust gas containing particulates in addition to carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides in the port area is reduced, and the air environment is improved.

  According to the harbor microgrid 1 of the present embodiment, the power generated by the solar cell 13 and the wind power generator 14 can be used for power supply to the ship 15 or the like, lighting equipment in the warehouse 12, etc., and surplus power is generated. Sometimes the secondary battery 8 can be charged and stored. And as above-mentioned that it can supply electric power to the ship 15 and the gantry crane 5 in the berth. Moreover, although it illustrated from the maximum amount of regenerative electric power which the gantry crane 5 can collect | recover among cargo handling apparatuses, it cannot be overemphasized that other cranes for cargo handling work may be provided.

  Although the embodiment of the microgrid of the present invention has been described above, the microgrid of the present invention can be implemented as follows.

  -Secondary batteries 8 include lead storage batteries, nickel / cadmium storage batteries, NAS (sodium / sulfur) batteries, three-dimensional nickel-metal hydride batteries capable of rapid charge and discharge, and lithium ion batteries. In the example, a nickel metal hydride battery is used, but a nickel metal hydride battery and a lithium ion battery can be used simultaneously. In this case, the nickel metal hydride battery is connected to the distribution line 7 as described above, and the lithium ion battery is connected to the distribution line 7 via a chopper as a charge / discharge control device. In this way, different types of secondary batteries are connected to the distribution line 7 via the AC / DC converter 10a or the charge / discharge control device, and stored when power is insufficient (the voltage of the distribution line 7 drops). The electric power thus obtained can be supplied to a demand destination such as the gantry crane 5 via the distribution line 7. On the other hand, when the power of the distribution line 7 becomes surplus with respect to the load that is the demand destination (in other words, the voltage of the distribution line 7 rises), the surplus power is charged and stored in each secondary battery. be able to.

  -Although the said Example demonstrated the microgrid 1 combined with the port related facility of an alternating current type power feeding system, even if it comprises a microgrid combining with the port related facility of a direct current type power feeding system, it can implement similarly.

  ・ Since the port is a port where ships can be safely anchored, it has the function of changing the land transportation of cargo handling and storage or passenger boarding / exiting. For this reason, in addition to mooring ships, the port is equipped with various related facilities, for example, for handling and storing cargo, as well as for transporting land from the port to various locations as a passenger boarding / exiting terminal. There are many cases. Port-related facilities as used in this specification include mooring facilities such as quay, unloading yard and pier, parking facilities, transportation facilities such as port roads, coastal railways and canals, container terminals, gantry cranes (including track-type cargo handling machines) ) And other passenger facilities such as passenger terminals, baggage handling places, waiting places and accommodations, and storage facilities such as warehouses, paddy fields, water storage areas and oil storage areas. In addition, ship water supply facilities and refueling facilities are also included.

It is a perspective view which shows notionally the Example of the microgrid of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which represented the concept of the harbor microgrid of FIG. (A) is an electric circuit diagram showing an embodiment in which the switching equipment and the charging / discharging equipment 10 are incorporated together with the secondary battery 8 in the microgrid 1 of the present invention, and (b) is the switching equipment 9 in the microgrid 1 of the present invention. It is an electric circuit diagram which shows another Example which incorporated the charging / discharging installation 10 with the secondary battery 8. FIG. It is a SOC characteristic figure which shows the voltage change with respect to SOC of a secondary battery from which a kind differs.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Microgrid 2 Quay 3 Feeding equipment 4 Track 5 Gantry crane 5a Crane main body 5b Wheel 5c Boom part 5d Machine room 5e Cable winder 5f Electric motor for traveling 5g Electric motor for raising / lowering 5h Cab tire cable 7 Distribution line (including transmission line 11)
8 Secondary battery 9 Switchgear 9a High-speed circuit breaker 9b Reactor 10 Charge / discharge equipment (current system (AC / AC / orthogonal) conversion equipment)
10a AC / DC converter 10b DC / AC converter 10c AC / AC converter 12 Warehouse 13 Solar cell 14 Wind power generator

Claims (7)

  A microgrid connected to a port-related facility, comprising a power feeding device and a secondary battery for a ship that is anchored, wherein the power feeding device, the secondary battery, and a cargo handling device are connected to each other. And harbor microgrid.   2. The port micro of claim 1, wherein an existing transmission line in a port is used as a part of the distribution line in order to supply power from a commercial power system to the cargo handling device and the power feeding device. grid.   The harbor microgrid according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery is a nickel metal hydride battery.   The harbor microgrid according to claim 1, wherein the cargo handling device is a gantry crane.   The harbor microgrid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a power generation facility using natural energy is connected to the distribution line.   The harbor microgrid according to claim 5, wherein the power generation facility is a solar cell and / or a wind power generator.   The harbor microgrid according to claim 4, wherein a regenerative brake is provided in an electric motor of the gantry crane.

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