JP2010107266A - Load cell - Google Patents

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JP2010107266A
JP2010107266A JP2008277630A JP2008277630A JP2010107266A JP 2010107266 A JP2010107266 A JP 2010107266A JP 2008277630 A JP2008277630 A JP 2008277630A JP 2008277630 A JP2008277630 A JP 2008277630A JP 2010107266 A JP2010107266 A JP 2010107266A
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strain
bending
load
load cell
bending strain
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JP5400350B2 (en
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Toru Takahashi
孝橋  徹
Toshimitsu Matsuzaki
敏満 松▲崎▼
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Yamato Scale Co Ltd
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Yamato Scale Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a load cell capable of more accurately correcting error without a particular sensor for detecting bending strain. <P>SOLUTION: The load cell includes a pillar-shaped strain element 2 for generating strain by an applied load; strain gauges 5, 6, 7, 8 which are attached to the strain element 2 and generate a weight measurement signal according to a strain amount generated in the strain element 2; and a bending strain detecting means for detecting a bending strain measurement signal based on the bending strain generated in the strain element 2 by directly separating the bending strain measurement signal from the strain gauges 5, 6, 7, 8. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、ロードセルに関し、より詳しくは柱型の起歪体を持つ圧縮型ロードセルにおいて、起歪体に対し負荷荷重がかかるとき、荷重の加わる方向によって正規の荷重検出用の圧縮歪みと伸張歪み以外に起歪体に作用する曲げ、捻りによる歪みによって荷重出力信号に発生する誤差を補正する技術に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a load cell, and more particularly, in a compression load cell having a columnar strain body, when a load load is applied to the strain body, a compression strain and an extension strain for normal load detection are applied depending on the direction in which the load is applied. In addition to the above, the present invention relates to a technique for correcting an error generated in a load output signal due to distortion caused by bending or twisting acting on a strain generating body.

従来、この種の誤差補正手段を備えた荷重検出装置として、特許文献1に開示されるものがある。この文献に記載のロードセル50では、図4に示されるように、柱型の起歪体51の起歪部に、圧縮歪み検出用ストレインゲージ52と伸張歪み検出用ストレインゲージ53が貼付される以外に、曲げ歪み検出用ストレインゲージ54a,54bが貼付され、これら曲げ歪み検出用ストレインゲージ54a,54bのそれぞれについて検出回路を構成してx軸方向の曲げおよびy軸方向の曲げを検出するようにされている。   Conventionally, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1 as a load detection device provided with this type of error correction means. In the load cell 50 described in this document, as shown in FIG. 4, a strain gauge 52 for compressive strain detection and a strain gauge 53 for extension strain detection are attached to the strain-generating portion of the column-shaped strain-generating body 51. Further, bending strain detecting strain gauges 54a and 54b are affixed, and a detecting circuit is configured for each of the bending strain detecting strain gauges 54a and 54b so as to detect bending in the x-axis direction and bending in the y-axis direction. Has been.

また、同文献のものでは、ロードセルに捻り歪みが加えられる点を考慮し、曲げモーメントのx軸方向成分およびy軸方向成分からその曲げモーメントの大きさと方向とを算出するようにされ、最終的に曲げモーメントに基づく誤差を補償した重量測定値の真の値を算出するようにされている。   In the same document, considering the fact that torsional strain is applied to the load cell, the magnitude and direction of the bending moment are calculated from the x-axis direction component and the y-axis direction component of the bending moment. The true value of the weight measurement value that compensates for the error based on the bending moment is calculated.

特開2007−33127号公報JP 2007-33127 A

しかしながら、上記特許文献1のものにおいて、起歪体51が受ける曲げ歪み形状は、起歪体51の側面においてz軸方向の位置によって異なる。すなわち、傾斜した起歪体51に荷重負荷があるとき、圧縮歪み検出用ストレインゲージ52の貼付部分に生じる曲げ歪み形状と、曲げ歪み検出用ストレインゲージ54aまたは54bの貼付部分に生じる曲げ歪み形状とが異なり、曲げ歪みの大きさが圧縮歪み検出用ストレインゲージ52と曲げ歪み検出用ストレインゲージ54aまたは54bの間で単に大小の比例関係にて発生するものではない。   However, in the thing of the said patent document 1, the bending strain shape which the strain body 51 receives differs with the position of az axis direction in the side surface of the strain body 51. FIG. That is, when a load is applied to the inclined strain generating body 51, the bending strain shape generated in the affixed portion of the strain gauge 52 for compressive strain detection and the bending strain shape generated in the affixed portion of the strain gauge 54a or 54b for bending strain detection However, the magnitude of bending strain does not simply occur in a proportional relationship between the strain gauge 52 for detecting compressive strain and the strain gauge 54a or 54b for detecting bending strain.

これに対して、特許文献1に記載の方式では、曲げ歪み検出用ストレインゲージ54a,54bによって圧縮歪み検出用ストレインゲージ52が受ける歪みと異なる歪みを検出することによって圧縮歪み検出用ストレインゲージ52からの荷重出力信号を補正しているが、両方の曲げ歪みの間の相関が小さいので、特別に設けられた曲げ歪み検出用ストレインゲージ54a,54bの出力から算出した補正量と、圧縮歪み検出用ストレインゲージ52に含まれる誤差との差が大きく現れ、正確な補正が行えないという問題点がある。   On the other hand, in the method described in Patent Document 1, a strain different from the strain received by the strain strain detecting strain gauge 52 by the strain strain detecting strain gauges 54a and 54b is detected to detect the strain from the strain strain detecting strain gauge 52. However, since the correlation between the two bending strains is small, the correction amount calculated from the outputs of the strain gauges 54a and 54b for detecting the bending strain and the compression strain detecting are provided. There is a problem that a difference from the error included in the strain gauge 52 appears greatly and accurate correction cannot be performed.

本発明は、前述のような問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、特別な曲げ歪み検出用センサを設けることなく、直接荷重検出用ストレインゲージに生じる曲げ歪みから荷重信号に含まれる誤差の補正量を算出して、より正確に誤差の補正を行うことのできるロードセルを提供することを目的とするものである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. A correction amount of an error included in a load signal from a bending strain directly generated in a strain gauge for load detection without providing a special bending strain detection sensor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a load cell that can calculate the error and correct the error more accurately.

前記目的を達成するために、本発明によるロードセルは、
荷重を受けて歪みを発生する柱型の起歪体と、前記起歪体に貼付され、その起歪体に発生する歪み量に応じた重量測定信号を発生するストレインゲージと、前記起歪体に発生した曲げ歪みに基づく曲げ歪み測定信号を前記ストレインゲージから直接分離して検出する曲げ歪み検出手段とを備えることを特徴とするものである。
In order to achieve the above object, a load cell according to the present invention comprises:
A column-shaped strain generating body that generates a strain upon receiving a load, a strain gauge that is attached to the strain generating body and generates a weight measurement signal corresponding to the amount of strain generated in the strain generating body, and the strain generating body And a bending strain detecting means for directly detecting a bending strain measurement signal based on the bending strain generated from the strain gauge.

本発明において、前記曲げ歪み測定信号は、前記起歪体の長手方向軸に対し対称位置に貼付されたストレインゲージの間に生じる抵抗変化の差に基づいて得られるのが好ましい。   In the present invention, it is preferable that the bending strain measurement signal is obtained based on a difference in resistance change generated between strain gauges attached at symmetrical positions with respect to the longitudinal axis of the strain generating body.

本発明によれば、特別な曲げ歪み検出用センサを設けることなく、直接荷重検出用のストレインゲージに生じる曲げ歪みから荷重信号に含まれる誤差の補正量を算出することができるので、より正確に誤差の補正を行うことができ、しかもストレインゲージの個数を減らすことができるので、装置構成の簡素化を図ることができる。   According to the present invention, the correction amount of the error included in the load signal can be calculated from the bending strain generated in the strain gauge for direct load detection without providing a special bending strain detection sensor. Since the error can be corrected and the number of strain gauges can be reduced, the configuration of the apparatus can be simplified.

次に、本発明によるロードセルの具体的な実施の形態について、図面を参照しつつ説明する。   Next, specific embodiments of the load cell according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1には、本発明の一実施形態に係るロードセルにおける起歪体の側面方向から見た概略斜視図(a)とそのz軸方向から見た図(b)が示されている。また、図2には、本実施形態のロードセルにおける荷重検出用回路の構成図が示されている。   FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view (a) viewed from the side surface direction of a strain generating body in a load cell according to an embodiment of the present invention and a diagram (b) viewed from the z-axis direction thereof. FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of a load detection circuit in the load cell of the present embodiment.

本実施形態のロードセル1において、起歪体2は四角柱形状とされている。なお、この起歪体2の形状は円筒柱形状であっても良い。起歪体2には、x軸方向に垂直をなす側面3,3′上にそれぞれ、荷重検出用としてz軸方向(長手軸方向)の圧縮歪み検出用ストレインゲージ(以下、「ストレインゲージ」を単に「ゲージ」という。)5,5′が貼付され、y軸方向に垂直をなす側面4,4′上にそれぞれ、荷重検出用としてz軸方向の圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ6,6′が貼付されている。また、側面3,3′上にはそれぞれy軸方向の伸張歪み検出用ゲージ7,7′が、側面4,4′上にはそれぞれx軸方向の伸張歪み検出用ゲージ8,8′が貼付されている(ただし、ゲージ7′,8′については図示されていない。)   In the load cell 1 of the present embodiment, the strain body 2 has a quadrangular prism shape. The strain body 2 may have a cylindrical column shape. The strain generating body 2 is provided with a strain gauge for detecting compressive strain in the z-axis direction (longitudinal axis direction) (hereinafter referred to as “strain gauge”) on the side surfaces 3 and 3 ′ perpendicular to the x-axis direction. 5 and 5 'are affixed, and z-axis direction compression strain detection gauges 6 and 6' are affixed to the side surfaces 4 and 4 'perpendicular to the y-axis direction, respectively. Has been. Also, y-axis direction extension strain detection gauges 7 and 7 'are attached to the side surfaces 3 and 3', respectively, and x-axis direction extension strain detection gauges 8 and 8 'are attached to the side surfaces 4 and 4', respectively. (However, the gauges 7 'and 8' are not shown.)

図2に示されるように、各ゲージ5,5′;6,6′;7,7′;8,8′はブリッジ回路9に配線され、このブリッジ回路9の接続端子p1,p2に対して電源回路よりロードセルの励磁電圧+V,−Vが与えられる(なお、単極電源であっても良い。)。ここで、スパン温度補償のために、電源と端子p1,p2との間に数オーム程度の小さい値の温度補正用抵抗が挿入される場合もある。   As shown in FIG. 2, the gauges 5, 5 '; 6, 6'; 7, 7 '; 8, 8' are wired to the bridge circuit 9, and are connected to the connection terminals p1 and p2 of the bridge circuit 9. Excitation voltages + V and −V of the load cell are applied from the power supply circuit (a single-pole power supply may be used). Here, a temperature correction resistor having a small value of about several ohms may be inserted between the power supply and the terminals p1 and p2 for span temperature compensation.

上記ブリッジ回路9において、接続点p3,p4が荷重信号を出力する出力端子となる。これら出力端子p3,p4における電位差が荷重信号を表し、各出力端子p3,p4の電圧がそれぞれ増幅器A1,A2を通して増幅器A3より荷重信号Vwとして検出される。なお、増幅器A3は増幅器A1,A2の差を増幅する回路を表しており、その詳細構成については省略されている。   In the bridge circuit 9, the connection points p3 and p4 serve as output terminals for outputting a load signal. The potential difference between these output terminals p3 and p4 represents the load signal, and the voltages at the output terminals p3 and p4 are detected as the load signal Vw from the amplifier A3 through the amplifiers A1 and A2, respectively. The amplifier A3 represents a circuit that amplifies the difference between the amplifiers A1 and A2, and a detailed configuration thereof is omitted.

図1に示される起歪体2に対してz軸方向に荷重が負荷されると、圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ5,5′および圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ6,6′はいずれも起歪体2の圧縮歪みによってその抵抗値が小さくなる。一方、伸張歪み検出用ゲージ7,7′および伸張歪み検出用ゲージ8,8′はいずれも起歪体2の伸張歪みによってその抵抗値が大きくなる。こうして、端子p3,p4の間に荷重に比例した電位差が発生し、この電位差が荷重信号として出力される。   When a load is applied to the strain generating body 2 shown in FIG. 1 in the z-axis direction, the compression strain detecting gauges 5 and 5 ′ and the compression strain detecting gauges 6 and 6 ′ are both of the strain generating body 2. The resistance value is reduced by compressive strain. On the other hand, the resistance values of the extension strain detection gauges 7 and 7 ′ and the extension strain detection gauges 8 and 8 ′ are both increased by the extension strain of the strain generating body 2. Thus, a potential difference proportional to the load is generated between the terminals p3 and p4, and this potential difference is output as a load signal.

これに対して、荷重がz軸方向に対して所定角度をなし、またx軸、y軸に対しても所定角度(x軸に対して角度α)をなして加わると、起歪体2にはx軸方向およびy軸方向に歪みが生じる。このような曲げ歪みが発生しても、圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ5,5′の間、および圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ6,6′の間でそれぞれ曲げ歪みによる抵抗値の増減の値が同じであれば、ブリッジ回路9における一辺の抵抗値は増減相殺され曲げ歪みによる影響は出ず、圧縮歪みによる抵抗値変化のみが残り、荷重信号に誤差が生じることはない。   On the other hand, when the load forms a predetermined angle with respect to the z-axis direction and is applied with a predetermined angle (angle α with respect to the x-axis) to the x-axis and y-axis, Distortion occurs in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction. Even if such a bending strain occurs, the increase / decrease value of the resistance value due to the bending strain is the same between the compression strain detection gauges 5 and 5 'and between the compression strain detection gauges 6 and 6'. For example, the resistance value of one side in the bridge circuit 9 is increased or decreased and is not affected by bending strain, only the resistance value change due to compression strain remains, and no error occurs in the load signal.

しかし、実際には圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ5,5′の間、および圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ6,6′の間でゲージ抵抗値の増減値がそれぞれ等しくなるようには変化せず、これによって生ずる差分は荷重信号における曲げ歪み誤差となる。   However, actually, the increase / decrease value of the gauge resistance value does not change between the compression strain detection gauges 5 and 5 ′ and between the compression strain detection gauges 6 and 6 ′. The difference becomes a bending strain error in the load signal.

この点に鑑み、本実施形態のロードセル1では、直接、荷重検出用として設けられたゲージにおける抵抗値の増減値の違いのみを補正用信号として抽出し、言い換えれば曲げ歪みによって生じる誤差そのものを補正用信号として抽出し、この抽出した補正信号でもって荷重信号を補正することにより、曲げ歪み検出手段を構成し、これによって歪み状態の異なる起歪体上の別の面から検出した補正信号によって補正するものに比べて正確な補正を行うことを可能にしたものである。   In view of this point, in the load cell 1 of the present embodiment, only the difference in the resistance increase / decrease value in the gauge provided for load detection is directly extracted as a correction signal, in other words, the error itself caused by bending distortion is corrected. The signal is extracted as a signal for use, and the load signal is corrected with the extracted correction signal, so that a bending strain detection means is configured, thereby correcting with a correction signal detected from another surface on the strain generating body having a different strain state. This makes it possible to correct more accurately than what is performed.

具体的には、曲げ歪みの影響を大きく受ける圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ5,5′を配線接続する端子p5、および圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ6,6′を配線接続する端子p6から信号が取り出される。   Specifically, a signal is taken out from a terminal p5 that connects the compression strain detection gauges 5 and 5 'that are greatly affected by bending strain, and a terminal p6 that connects the compression strain detection gauges 6 and 6'.

一方、端子p1と端子p3との間には参照用抵抗ra1,ra1′が直列接続により挿入され、これら参照用抵抗ra1,ra1′が圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ5,5′に並列接続され、互いに干渉しないように参照用抵抗ra1′の片方の端子が増幅器A1の出力に接続される。こうして、参照用抵抗ra1,ra1′の両端電圧は増幅器A1のオフセット分はあるが、ブリッジ端子p1−p3間と常にほぼ同一の値を取ることになる。ここで、参照用抵抗ra1,ra1′の抵抗値はほぼ等しく、温度変化に対して安定であるものを選択することで、これら参照用抵抗ra1,ra1′間の接続点q1の電圧は端子p1−p3間の電圧のほぼ中間の値で、常時安定な基準電圧をなしている。   On the other hand, reference resistors ra1 and ra1 ′ are inserted in series between the terminals p1 and p3, and these reference resistors ra1 and ra1 ′ are connected in parallel to the compressive strain detection gauges 5 and 5 ′, respectively. One terminal of the reference resistor ra1 ′ is connected to the output of the amplifier A1 so as not to interfere. In this way, the voltage across the reference resistors ra1 and ra1 ′ always takes almost the same value as that between the bridge terminals p1 and p3, although there is an offset amount of the amplifier A1. Here, the resistance values of the reference resistors ra1 and ra1 ′ are approximately equal, and by selecting one that is stable against temperature change, the voltage at the connection point q1 between the reference resistors ra1 and ra1 ′ is the terminal p1. The reference voltage is always stable at a value approximately in the middle of the voltage between -p3.

このように構成されているので、圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ5と圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ5′の抵抗値の差は起歪体2の曲げ歪み量に応じて大きく変化し、接続端子p5の電圧はそれに伴って大きく変化する。この端子p5の電圧を増幅器A4を通して出力し、その出力電圧(p5点の曲げ歪み電圧)とq1点の基準電圧との差を取ると、その差の電圧が起歪体2の曲げ歪み量の変化にほぼ比例することになるので、それら各電圧信号を増幅器A5に入れて増幅させることで、増幅器A5の出力としてx軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた信号Vxを得ることができる。   With this configuration, the difference in resistance value between the compressive strain detecting gauge 5 and the compressive strain detecting gauge 5 'varies greatly depending on the amount of bending strain of the strain generating body 2, and the voltage at the connection terminal p5 is It changes greatly with it. When the voltage at the terminal p5 is output through the amplifier A4 and the difference between the output voltage (bending strain voltage at the point p5) and the reference voltage at the point q1 is taken, the difference voltage becomes the bending strain amount of the strain generating body 2. Since it is almost proportional to the change, the voltage Vx corresponding to the bending strain in the x-axis direction can be obtained as the output of the amplifier A5 by amplifying each of the voltage signals in the amplifier A5.

同様にして、伸張歪み検出用ゲージ7,7′の接続点p6の電圧信号を取り出して増幅器A6に入力するとともに、増幅器A2と、片方の電源励磁点p2との間に参照用抵抗ra2,ra2′を挿入し、これら参照用抵抗ra2,ra2′間の接続点q2の電圧と増幅器A6の出力信号を増幅器A7に入力する。   Similarly, a voltage signal at the connection point p6 of the extension strain detection gauges 7 and 7 'is taken out and input to the amplifier A6, and the reference resistors ra2 and ra2 are connected between the amplifier A2 and one of the power source excitation points p2. ′ Is inserted, and the voltage at the connection point q2 between the reference resistors ra2 and ra2 ′ and the output signal of the amplifier A6 are input to the amplifier A7.

このようにすれば、増幅器A3の出力は荷重信号Vw、増幅器A5の出力はx軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vx、増幅器A7の出力はy軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vyとなる。   In this way, the output of the amplifier A3 is the load signal Vw, the output of the amplifier A5 is the output signal Vx corresponding to the bending strain in the x-axis direction, and the output of the amplifier A7 is the output signal Vy corresponding to the bending strain in the y-axis direction. It becomes.

これら各出力信号Vx,Vw,VyはそれぞれA/D変換器10,11,12によってデジタル信号DVx,DVw,DVyに変換され、入出力回路(I/O)13を介して中央処理装置(CPU)14に入力される。中央処理装置14はメモリ15に記憶されているプログラムにしたがって、このメモリ15をワーキングエリアとして使用しながら所要の演算を実行する。なお、その演算結果等は重量指示計16に表示される。   These output signals Vx, Vw and Vy are converted into digital signals DVx, DVw and DVy by A / D converters 10, 11 and 12, respectively, and a central processing unit (CPU) via an input / output circuit (I / O) 13. ) 14. The central processing unit 14 executes a required calculation according to a program stored in the memory 15 while using the memory 15 as a working area. The calculation result and the like are displayed on the weight indicator 16.

このような構成よりなるロードセル1を例えばトラックスケールに用いる場合には、平面視長方形状の計量台の裏面の四隅にロードセル1がそれぞれ配置される。この計量台上に載荷状態のトラックが乗ったとき、重量が掛かる位置によってロードセル1が傾斜することがある。このロードセル1の傾斜方向とx軸とがなす角度α(図1(b)参照)は、x軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vxと、y軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vyとの比率Vy/Vxを演算することによって求められ、α=tan−1(Vy/Vx)で表される。また、曲げモーメントの大きさは、(Vx+Vy1/2によって表される。 When the load cell 1 having such a configuration is used for, for example, a track scale, the load cells 1 are respectively arranged at the four corners of the back surface of the weighing table having a rectangular shape in plan view. When a loaded truck rides on the weighing platform, the load cell 1 may be inclined depending on the position where the weight is applied. An angle α (see FIG. 1B) formed by the inclination direction of the load cell 1 and the x axis is an output signal Vx corresponding to the bending strain in the x axis direction and an output signal Vy corresponding to the bending strain in the y axis direction. Is calculated by calculating the ratio Vy / Vx, and is expressed by α = tan −1 (Vy / Vx). The magnitude of the bending moment is represented by (Vx 2 + Vy 2 ) 1/2 .

このように曲げモーメントの方向と大きさとを決定することができるので、これらの値と、荷重出力Vwに含まれている誤差成分Eの値との関係を予め調べておき、この関係を用い、ロードセル1の使用時に曲げモーメントの方向と大きさとを決定して誤差成分Eの補償を行うことができる。   Since the direction and magnitude of the bending moment can be determined in this way, the relationship between these values and the error component E included in the load output Vw is examined in advance, and this relationship is used. When the load cell 1 is used, the direction and magnitude of the bending moment can be determined and the error component E can be compensated.

例えば、ロードセル1の起歪体2がほぼ直立した状態で、ある負荷荷重が掛かった場合の荷重出力VwをVtrueとすると、ロードセル1の起歪部2に角度αの方向に曲げ歪みが発生しており、かつ上記直立した状態と同じ負荷荷重が掛かっているとすると、荷重出力Vwは、その真値Vtrueに誤差成分Eが加わったものとなる。ここで、誤差成分Eは、曲げ歪みの大きさによって異なる値となり、また同じ曲げ歪み量であっても、曲げモーメントが作用する方向(ロードセル1が傾斜している方向)によっても異なる値となる。   For example, when the load output Vw when a certain load is applied in a state where the strain body 2 of the load cell 1 is almost upright is Vtrue, bending strain is generated in the direction of the angle α in the strain section 2 of the load cell 1. If the same load load as that in the upright state is applied, the load output Vw is obtained by adding an error component E to the true value Vtrue. Here, the error component E has a different value depending on the magnitude of the bending strain, and also has a different value depending on the direction in which the bending moment acts (the direction in which the load cell 1 is inclined) even with the same amount of bending strain. .

そこで、予めロードセル1に定格負荷荷重を掛け、z軸に対して予め定めた複数種類(例えば第1及び第2の合計2種類)の大きさの傾斜角度を与えた状態をそれぞれ維持し、ロードセル1をα=0°から360°まで所定角度ごとに回転させながら一周させる。このとき、荷重出力Vwを所定角度ごとに測定し、これら各荷重出力Vwから、ロードセル1を直立させた状態で定格荷重を掛けたときの荷重出力Vwを減算して、所定角度ごとの誤差成分Eを求める。   Therefore, the load cell 1 is preliminarily applied with a rated load, and a state in which a plurality of predetermined inclination angles (for example, first and second total two types) are given to the z-axis is respectively maintained. 1 is rotated around α = 0 ° to 360 ° while rotating at predetermined angles. At this time, the load output Vw is measured for each predetermined angle, and the load output Vw when the rated load is applied in a state where the load cell 1 is upright is subtracted from each load output Vw to obtain an error component for each predetermined angle. E is determined.

同時に、各所定角度ごとにx軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vxと、y軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vyとをそれぞれ測定し、各所定角度ごとに曲げ歪み量の大きさ(Vx+Vy1/2を求める。曲げ歪み量の大きさも実際のロードセル1に対して測定すると、回転角度αの変化に従って変動している。しかし、その変動は比較的少ない。そこで、第1の傾斜角を与えた場合の所定角度ごとの曲げ歪み量の大きさの平均値をM1とし、第2の傾斜角を与えた場合の所定角度ごとの曲げ歪み量の大きさの平均値をM2とし、これら平均値M1,M2をロードセル1のz軸に対する2種類の傾斜量に対する曲げ歪み量の代表値とする。 At the same time, an output signal Vx corresponding to the bending strain in the x-axis direction and an output signal Vy corresponding to the bending strain in the y-axis direction are measured for each predetermined angle, and the magnitude of the bending strain amount is determined for each predetermined angle. (Vx 2 + Vy 2 ) 1/2 is obtained. When the magnitude of the bending strain is also measured with respect to the actual load cell 1, it varies according to the change in the rotation angle α. However, the fluctuation is relatively small. Therefore, the average value of the amount of bending strain for each predetermined angle when the first tilt angle is given is defined as M1, and the amount of bending strain for each predetermined angle when the second tilt angle is given. The average value is M2, and these average values M1 and M2 are representative values of bending strain amounts with respect to two types of tilt amounts with respect to the z-axis of the load cell 1.

図3(a)には、曲げ歪み量M1,M2の場合の誤差成分Eと角度αとの関係を表す誤差曲線が示されている。この図3(a)において、曲げ歪み量M1,M2の際の誤差成分Eと角度αとの関係を表す2つの方程式を例えば最小自乗法等を用いて決定し、ロードセル1が実際に傾斜しているときの曲げモーメントMの大きさを用いて、上記2つの方程式を修正し、ロードセル1が実際に傾斜しているときの角度αをtan−1(Vy/Vx)により求めて、その角度αを上記修正された方程式に代入して誤差成分Eを求めることもできる。 FIG. 3A shows an error curve representing the relationship between the error component E and the angle α in the case of the bending strain amounts M1 and M2. In FIG. 3A, two equations representing the relationship between the error component E and the angle α for the bending strain amounts M1 and M2 are determined using, for example, the method of least squares, and the load cell 1 actually tilts. The above two equations are corrected using the magnitude of the bending moment M when the load cell 1 is tilted, and the angle α when the load cell 1 is actually tilted is obtained by tan −1 (Vy / Vx). It is also possible to obtain the error component E by substituting α into the modified equation.

しかし、本実施形態では、計算を簡略化するために、或る角度範囲、例えば図3(a)におけるα=0°乃至90°、90°乃至180°、180°乃至270°、270°乃至0°の間をそれぞれ直線的変化とみなして補償を行う。α=0°における曲げ歪み量がM1のときの誤差成分をe01、α=0°における曲げ歪み量がM2のときの誤差成分をe02とし、実際に計量台上にトラックが乗っている状態で測定された曲げ歪み量をMmとすると、α=0°における曲げ歪み量Mmに対応する誤差成分Em0を図3(b)に示されるように直線近似によって求めることができる。同様にして、α=90°,180°,270°における曲げ歪み量Mmの際の誤差成分Em90,Em180,Em270を求めることができる。   However, in this embodiment, in order to simplify the calculation, a certain angle range, for example, α = 0 ° to 90 °, 90 ° to 180 °, 180 ° to 270 °, 270 ° to 270 ° in FIG. Compensation is performed by regarding each 0 ° as a linear change. The error component when the bending strain amount at α = 0 ° is M1 is e01, the error component when the bending strain amount at α = 0 ° is M2 is e02, and the track is actually on the weighing platform. Assuming that the measured bending strain amount is Mm, an error component Em0 corresponding to the bending strain amount Mm at α = 0 ° can be obtained by linear approximation as shown in FIG. Similarly, error components Em90, Em180, and Em270 at the bending strain amount Mm at α = 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° can be obtained.

そして、実際にトラックスケール上にトラックが乗っている状態で測定された曲げ歪みの角度αmが、0°以上90°未満、90°以上180°未満、180°以上270°未満、270°以上0°未満のいずれの区間に属するかを判定する。例えばαmが0°以上90°未満であれば、α=0°における曲げ歪み量Em0とα=90°における曲げ歪み量Em90を選択して、図3(c)に示されるように、直線近似を行って、曲げ歪み量Mm、角度αmにおける誤差成分Emを算出する。そして、そのときの荷重出力Vwから誤差成分Emを減算することによって、真値Vtrueを算出する。なお、本実施形態では、4つの区間に分けたが、さらに細かい区間に分けてαmがいずれの区間に属するか判定することも可能である。   The bending distortion angle αm measured in a state where the track is actually on the track scale is 0 ° or more and less than 90 °, 90 ° or more and less than 180 °, 180 ° or more and less than 270 °, 270 ° or more and 0 Determine which section is less than °. For example, if αm is 0 ° or more and less than 90 °, a bending strain amount Em0 at α = 0 ° and a bending strain amount Em90 at α = 90 ° are selected, and linear approximation is performed as shown in FIG. To calculate the error component Em at the bending strain amount Mm and the angle αm. Then, the true value Vtrue is calculated by subtracting the error component Em from the load output Vw at that time. In this embodiment, although divided into four sections, it is also possible to determine which section αm belongs to by dividing into smaller sections.

このような演算が行えるように、メモリ15には、平均曲げ歪み量M1,M2の際のα=0°,90°,180°,270°における誤差成分e01,e02,e11,e12・・・をデジタル化した値が予め記憶されている。そして、トラックが計量台に乗った状態において、荷重出力信号のデジタル値DVw、x軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vxのデジタル値DVx、y軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vyのデジタル値DVyが入出力回路(I/O)13を介して中央処理装置14に入力される。   In order to perform such calculation, the memory 15 stores error components e01, e02, e11, e12... At α = 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° in the case of the average bending strain amounts M1, M2. A digitized value is stored in advance. Then, in a state where the truck is on the weighing platform, the digital value DVw of the load output signal, the digital value DVx of the output signal Vx according to the bending strain in the x-axis direction, and the output signal Vy according to the bending strain in the y-axis direction The digital value DVy is input to the central processing unit 14 via the input / output circuit (I / O) 13.

中央処理装置14は、デジタル値DVx、デジタル値DVyから曲げモーメントの作用する方向を表す角度αmを算出するとともに、この算出されたαmが、0°以上90°未満、90°以上180°未満、180°以上270°未満、270°以上0°未満のいずれの範囲に属するかを判定する。   The central processing unit 14 calculates an angle αm representing a direction in which a bending moment acts from the digital value DVx and the digital value DVy, and the calculated αm is 0 ° or more and less than 90 °, 90 ° or more and less than 180 °, It is determined whether it belongs to a range between 180 ° and less than 270 ° and between 270 ° and less than 0 °.

次に、中央処理装置14は、デジタル値DVxおよびデジタル値DVyから曲げ歪み量Mmを算出する。そして、中央処理装置14は、上記判定された範囲の一方の境界の角度における曲げ歪み量M1,M2に対応する誤差成分をメモリ15から読み出す。次いで、これら曲げ歪み量M1,M2と、これらにそれぞれ対応する誤差成分と、曲げ歪み量Mmとから、その一方の境界における曲げ歪み量Mmに対応する誤差成分を直線近似によって決定する。同様にして、他方の境界における曲げ歪み量Mmに対応する誤差成分を直線近似によって決定する。   Next, the central processing unit 14 calculates a bending strain amount Mm from the digital value DVx and the digital value DVy. Then, the central processing unit 14 reads from the memory 15 error components corresponding to the bending strain amounts M1 and M2 at the angle of one boundary of the determined range. Next, an error component corresponding to the bending strain amount Mm at one boundary is determined by linear approximation from the bending strain amounts M1 and M2, error components corresponding to these bending strain amounts Mm, and the bending strain amount Mm. Similarly, an error component corresponding to the bending strain amount Mm at the other boundary is determined by linear approximation.

さらに、中央処理装置14は、これら両境界における角度αと、これら境界それぞれにおける曲げ歪み量Mmに対応する誤差成分と、先に算出された角度αmとを用いて、角度αmにおける誤差成分Emを算出する。そして、このEmをデジタル値DVwから減算することによって、曲げ歪みの影響を除去した真値DVtrueを算出する。   Further, the central processing unit 14 calculates the error component Em at the angle αm by using the angle α at both the boundaries, the error component corresponding to the bending strain amount Mm at each of the boundaries, and the angle αm calculated previously. calculate. Then, by subtracting this Em from the digital value DVw, a true value DVtrue from which the influence of bending distortion is removed is calculated.

なお、図2では、1台のロードセル1しか示していないが、実際には、4台のロードセル1のブリッジ回路9から荷重出力Vw、x軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vx、y軸方向の曲げ歪みに応じた出力信号Vyが、それぞれ増幅されデジタル化されて、入出力回路(I/O)13を介して中央処理装置14に供給され、ロードセルごとに上述した処理が行われる。このようにしてそれぞれ算出された各真値DVtrueが、合算され、その合算値が重量指示計16に表示される。   Although only one load cell 1 is shown in FIG. 2, actually, the output signals Vx and y-axis corresponding to the load output Vw and the bending strain in the x-axis direction from the bridge circuit 9 of the four load cells 1 are shown. The output signals Vy corresponding to the directional bending strain are amplified and digitized, supplied to the central processing unit 14 via the input / output circuit (I / O) 13, and the above-described processing is performed for each load cell. The true values DVtrue calculated in this way are added together, and the added value is displayed on the weight indicator 16.

本実施形態では、計量台にトラックが載った際の曲げ歪み量に対応する誤差成分の値を表す誤差曲線を決定するのに、及びその決定された誤差曲線上における曲げ歪みの方向(角度α)に対応する誤差成分を決定するのに、それぞれ直線近似を用いたが、これに限ったものではなく、例えば最小自乗法やニュートン補間法等の公知の種々の手法を使用することができる。ただし、その場合、誤差曲線の数を本実施形態の2つよりも多くする必要がある。   In this embodiment, an error curve representing the value of an error component corresponding to the amount of bending distortion when a track is placed on the weighing platform is determined, and the direction of bending distortion (angle α on the determined error curve). In order to determine the error component corresponding to), linear approximation is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various known methods such as a least square method and a Newton interpolation method can be used. However, in that case, it is necessary to increase the number of error curves more than two in the present embodiment.

本実施形態では、トラックスケールに使用した例について説明したが、これに限ったものではなく、ロードセルが曲げモーメントを受けて湾曲して傾斜する可能性のある重量測定装置であれば、種々のものに使用することができる。   In this embodiment, the example used for the track scale has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and various types of weight measuring devices may be used as long as the load cell can be bent and tilted by receiving a bending moment. Can be used for

本実施形態において、y軸方向の伸張歪み検出用ゲージ7,7′;8,8′は、z軸方向の圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ5,5′;6,6′のように大きい影響は受けないが、ゲージの貼付の仕方によっては、曲げ歪みによる誤差が現れることも考えられる。このため、伸張歪み検出用ゲージ7,7′;8,8′についても、圧縮歪み検出用ゲージ5,5′;6,6′に対して設けた曲げ歪み誤差検出回路と同じ回路を設けて誤差を検出し、荷重信号を補正するようにしても良い。   In the present embodiment, the extension strain detection gauges 7, 7 '; 8, 8' in the y-axis direction are greatly affected like the compression strain detection gauges 5, 5 '; 6, 6' in the z-axis direction. However, depending on how the gauge is attached, an error due to bending strain may appear. Therefore, the extension strain detection gauges 7, 7 '; 8, 8' are also provided with the same circuit as the bending strain error detection circuit provided for the compression strain detection gauges 5, 5 '; 6, 6'. An error may be detected and the load signal may be corrected.

本発明の一実施形態に係るロードセルにおける起歪体の側面方向から見た概略斜視図(a)とそのz軸方向から見た図(b)The schematic perspective view (a) seen from the side surface direction of the strain body in the load cell which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, and the figure (b) seen from the z-axis direction 本実施形態のロードセルにおける荷重検出用回路の構成図Configuration diagram of load detection circuit in load cell of embodiment 本実施形態のロードセルにおける曲げ歪み方向と誤差成分との関係を示す誤差曲線図(a)、曲げ歪み量に対する誤差成分の決定法の説明図(b)および曲げ歪み方向に対する誤差成分の決定法の説明図(c)The error curve diagram (a) showing the relationship between the bending strain direction and the error component in the load cell of the present embodiment, the explanatory diagram (b) of the method for determining the error component with respect to the bending strain amount, and the method for determining the error component with respect to the bending strain direction Illustration (c) 従来の誤差補正手段を備えた荷重検出装置を示す図The figure which shows the load detection apparatus provided with the conventional error correction means.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ロードセル
2 起歪体
5,5′;6,6′ 圧縮歪み検出用ストレインゲージ
7,7′;8,8′ 伸張歪み検出用ストレインゲージ
9 ブリッジ回路
10,11,12 A/D変換器
13 入出力回路(I/O)
14 中央処理装置(CPU)
15 メモリ
16 重量指示計
A1〜A7 増幅器
p1〜p6,q1,q2 端子
ra1,ra1′,ra2,ra2′ 参照用抵抗
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Load cell 2 Strain body 5,5 ';6,6' Compression strain detection strain gauge 7,7 ';8,8' Elongation strain detection strain gauge 9 Bridge circuit 10,11,12 A / D converter 13 Input / output circuit (I / O)
14 Central processing unit (CPU)
15 Memory 16 Weight indicator A1 to A7 Amplifiers p1 to p6, q1, q2 Terminals ra1, ra1 ', ra2, ra2' Reference resistance

Claims (2)

荷重を受けて歪みを発生する柱型の起歪体と、前記起歪体に貼付され、その起歪体に発生する歪み量に応じた重量測定信号を発生するストレインゲージと、前記起歪体に発生した曲げ歪みに基づく曲げ歪み測定信号を前記ストレインゲージから直接分離して検出する曲げ歪み検出手段とを備えることを特徴とするロードセル。   A column-shaped strain generating body that generates a strain upon receiving a load, a strain gauge that is attached to the strain generating body and generates a weight measurement signal corresponding to the amount of strain generated in the strain generating body, and the strain generating body A load cell comprising: a bending strain detection means for detecting a bending strain measurement signal based on the bending strain generated in the first and second embodiments directly separated from the strain gauge. 前記曲げ歪み測定信号は、前記起歪体の長手方向軸に対し対称位置に貼付されたストレインゲージの間に生じる抵抗変化の差に基づいて得られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のロードセル。   2. The load cell according to claim 1, wherein the bending strain measurement signal is obtained based on a difference in resistance change generated between strain gauges attached to a symmetrical position with respect to a longitudinal axis of the strain generating body. .
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JP2013108792A (en) * 2011-11-18 2013-06-06 Minebea Co Ltd Load cell
WO2015005225A1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 日立建機株式会社 Load detection device and working machine provided with same
JP2015017838A (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-29 日立建機株式会社 Load detector and work machine having the same
US9523631B2 (en) 2013-07-09 2016-12-20 Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Load detecting device and working machine provided with same
WO2016163194A1 (en) * 2015-04-06 2016-10-13 株式会社日立製作所 External force measurement system for work machine and work machine
JPWO2016163194A1 (en) * 2015-04-06 2018-01-18 株式会社日立製作所 External force measurement system for work machine and work machine

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