JP2010105089A - Device for removing swarf from machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To more surely and effectively remove swarf attaching to the mounting surface of a spindle or the seated surface of a tool of a machine tool. <P>SOLUTION: A control part 100 of the machine tool activates a mist generator 104 when replacing a tool to discharge mist containing a liquid dispersively mixed in the air from a mist outlet formed on the mounting surface of the spindle to a gap between the seated surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the spindle. A coolant liquid feeder 72 for supplying a coolant liquid around the tool during work of the machine tool is provided. The mist generator 104 generates the mist using the coolant liquid used in the coolant liquid feed means 72 as the liquid. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a chip removal device for machine tools, and belongs to the field of production technology in factories.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a machining center is widely used as a machine tool for precisely finishing a workpiece manufactured roughly by die casting or the like in a production factory for automobile parts or the like.

  The machining center is generally equipped with an automatic tool changer (ATC: Automatic Tool Changer), and mainly uses a rotating tool to perform milling, boring or tapping on the workpiece without changing the chuck. It is a computer numerical control (CNC: Computer Numerical Control) machine tool capable of performing various types of machining by one machine (see, for example, “JIS B 0105: 1993 Machine Tool—Terminology Related to Names”).

  Machining centers are divided into vertical types in which the rotating main shaft extends in the vertical direction and a tool is attached to the lower end of the main shaft, and horizontal types in which the main shaft extends in the horizontal direction and the tool is attached to one end of the main shaft. However, since there is no human intervention during the machining center operation, the tool seating surface is seated on the spindle side when, for example, the tool is replaced, including the work of attaching the tool to the spindle or the removal of the tool from the spindle. A device that automatically removes the chips adhering to the mounting surface and the chips adhering to the seating surface seated on the mounting surface of the spindle on the tool side is required.

  As a technique capable of coping with this problem, as described in Patent Document 1, it is conceivable to form a plurality of air discharge ports for discharging chip removal air on the mounting surface of the main shaft. First, the configuration of the tool and the spindle, and the operation of attaching the tool to the spindle and the operation of removing the tool from the spindle will be briefly described first.

  That is, the tool includes a disc-shaped flange portion (base portion) in which a groove that engages with an ATC tool change arm on the peripheral surface is formed in a ring shape, and an end mill or the like provided on one surface of the flange portion. Cutlery (processing member) such as a face mill or a chamfer cutter, and a tapered shank portion (protruding portion) having a diameter smaller than that of the flange portion provided in the center of the other surface of the flange portion and concentrically with the flange portion And a seating surface (annular surface) around the taper shank portion.

  On the other hand, the tip end portion of the main shaft to which the tool is attached has an annular attachment surface and a mortar-shaped fitting hole formed concentrically with the attachment surface.

  When the tool is attached to the tip of the spindle during tool change, the taper shank part of the tool is fitted into the fitting hole of the spindle, and the seating surface of the tool is seated (contacted) on the attachment surface of the spindle. Then, the tool is moved in the axial direction so that the axis of the tool coincides with the axis of the main shaft and is close to the tip of the main shaft. Then, with the taper shank portion of the tool fitted into the fitting hole of the main shaft and the seating surface of the tool seated on the mounting surface of the main shaft, the tool is attached to the main shaft while holding it with a predetermined holding force.

  On the other hand, when removing the tool from the tip of the spindle during tool change, the tool shaft should be such that the seating surface of the tool is separated from the mounting surface of the spindle and the taper shank of the tool escapes from the fitting hole of the spindle. The tool is moved in the axial direction so that the core is aligned with the axis of the main shaft and the tool is separated from the tip of the main shaft.

  Therefore, as described in Patent Document 1, if a plurality of air discharge ports for discharging chip removal air are formed on the mounting surface of the main shaft, the tool can be attached or removed during tool replacement. When the distance between the seating surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the spindle is less than the predetermined distance (relative initial stage of mounting operation when mounting the tool, and comparatively final stage of removing operation when removing the tool) In addition, air is discharged from the plurality of air discharge ports toward the gap between the seating surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the main shaft in the axial direction of the main shaft (perpendicular to the mounting surface of the main shaft or the seating surface of the tool). If the released air hits the seating surface of the tool and the chips on the seating surface can be blown off by the air pressure, the distance between the seating surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the spindle is even shorter. (When installing the tool, the relatively end of the mounting operation, Outside at the relatively early) of detaching operation, it is possible to air striking the seating surface of the tool is also blowing removal chips of the mounting surface has rebounded to the mounting surface of the spindle.

JP 2005-40870 (paragraph 0020, FIG. 1)

  However, chips that adhere firmly to the seating surface of the tool or the mounting surface of the spindle may be difficult to remove by simply applying air. In addition, chips that are relatively large in size and relatively heavy in weight may not be easily removed by simply applying air. Therefore, there is a demand for a method for removing chips more reliably and effectively.

  Then, this invention makes it a subject to remove more reliably and effectively the chip adhering to the attachment surface of the spindle of a machine tool, or the seating surface of a tool.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention uses the following means. In the following disclosure of the present invention, reference numerals used in the embodiments of the invention described later are added for reference.

  First, in the invention according to claim 1 of the present application, a spindle on which a processing member 51b is provided on one surface of a disk-shaped base 51a and a tool 50 provided with a protrusion 51c at the center of the other surface is attached. 11, a fitting hole 11 c into which the protruding portion 51 c of the tool 50 is fitted, and a mounting surface 11 d in contact with the annular surface 51 e around the protruding portion 51 c of the tool 50. In which the protruding portion 51c of the tool 50 is fitted into the fitting hole 11c of the main shaft 11, and the annular surface 51e of the tool 50 is attached to the main shaft 11. The tool 50 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 11 by moving the tool 50 in the axial direction so as to come into contact with the surface 11d, or the annular surface 51e of the tool 50 extends from the attachment surface 11d of the main shaft 11. Separated, said work Tool changing means 14 and 42 for removing the tool 50 from the tip end portion of the main shaft 11 by moving the tool 50 in the axial direction so that the protruding portions 51c of the main shaft 11 escape from the fitting holes 11c of the main shaft 11. A mist generating means 104 for generating a mist C in which liquid B is diffused and mixed with air A, and a mist generated by the mist generating means 104 distributed on the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 17a to 17a for discharging the C-shaped body C, and the annular surface 51e of the tool 50 and the main shaft from the mist-shaped body discharge ports 17a to 17a when the tool is changed by the tool changing means 14 and 42. 11 is provided with a control means 100 for discharging the mist C into a gap between the mounting surface 11d and the mounting surface 11d (S15, S22).

  Next, the invention according to claim 2 of the present application is dispersed in the air supply means 105 for supplying air and the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11 in the chip removal device for the machine tool 1 according to claim 1. A plurality of air discharge ports 18a... 18a for discharging the air supplied by the air supply means 105, and the control means 100 includes a mist C from the mist discharge ports 17a. After the release of the air, the air is discharged from the air discharge ports 18a... 18a to the gap between the annular surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 (S18).

  Next, the invention according to claim 3 of the present application is the chip removal device for the machine tool 1 according to claim 1, wherein the control means 100 attaches the annular surface 51 e of the tool 50 and the spindle 11. Only when the distance Δ to the surface 11d is equal to or less than the predetermined distance β (S14: YES), the mist C is discharged from the mist discharge port 17a ... 17a (S15). .

  Next, the invention according to claim 4 of the present application is distributed to the air supply means 105 for supplying air and the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11 in the chip removal device for the machine tool 1 according to claim 3. A plurality of air discharge ports 18a... 18a that are arranged and discharge air supplied by the air supply means 105 are provided, and the control means 100 includes an annular surface 51e of the tool 50 and a mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11. Is larger than the predetermined distance β (S14: NO), a gap between the air discharge port 18a... 18a and the annular surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 is formed. The air is discharged (S13).

  Next, the invention according to claim 5 of the present application is the swarf discharge port 17a ... 17a and the air discharge port 18a ... 18a in the chip removal device for the machine tool 1 according to claim 2 or 4. The control means 100 is characterized in that the common opening 61a... 61a is switched and connected to the mist generating means 104 or the air supply means 105.

  Next, in the invention described in claim 6 of the present application, in the chip removal device for the machine tool 1 according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the liquid B is a coolant liquid, and the machine tool 1 is provided with a coolant liquid supply means 72 for supplying a coolant liquid in the vicinity of the tool 50, and the mist generating means 104 uses the coolant liquid used in the coolant liquid supply means 72 to form the mist-like liquid. A body C is generated.

  Next, the invention according to claim 7 of the present application is the air passage that communicates the common opening 61a... 61a with the air supply means 105 in the chip removal device for the machine tool 1 according to claim 5. 71, a throttle part 71a provided in an intermediate portion of the air passage 71, a coolant supply means 72 for supplying a coolant liquid B to the vicinity of the tool 50 during machining of the machine tool 1, the throttle part 71a and the coolant liquid A connection passage 73 for connecting the coolant liquid storage portion 72a of the supply means 72 and an opening / closing valve 73a provided in the connection passage 73 are provided, and the control means 100 closes the opening / closing valve 73a, thereby The air A supplied by the air supply means 105 is guided to the common opening 61a ... 61a through the air passage 71, and the common opening 61a ... 61a is introduced into the air supply. By opening the on-off valve 73a in a state of being connected to the means 105, a negative pressure is generated in the connection passage 73 by the flow of the air A supplied by the air supply means 105 in the throttle portion 71a. The coolant liquid B in the coolant liquid storage portion 72a is guided to the air passage 71 through the connection passage 73 by a negative pressure, and is diffused and mixed with the air A in the air passage 71. It is characterized in that it is led to the common opening 61a... 61a through the air passage 71, and the common opening 61a.

  First, according to the invention described in claim 1 of the present application, in the apparatus for removing chips adhering to the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11 of the machine tool 1 and the seating surface (annular surface) 51e of the tool 50, the spindle 11 is formed with a plurality of mist discharge ports 17a... 17a that discharge a mist C in which liquid B is diffused and mixed with air A, instead of a plurality of air discharge ports that discharge air. When trying to remove the chips, the air is not simply discharged toward the gap between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11, but from the mist discharge port 17a ... 17a. Since the mist C in which the liquid B is diffused and mixed with the air A is discharged toward the gap, even if the chips are firmly attached to the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11. Or the size of the chips is relatively large In addition, even if the weight of the swarf is relatively heavy, the impact when the liquid B of the mist-like body C hits the swarf becomes larger than the impact when only the air hits the swarf. The force for peeling off the powder from the seating surface 51e and the mounting surface 11d is increased, and the chips are more reliably and effectively removed.

  In this case, according to the invention described in claim 2 of the present application, a plurality of air discharge ports 18a... 18a for discharging air are formed on the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11, and the mist discharge ports 17a. Since the discharge of air from the air discharge ports 18a... 18a is performed after the discharge of the mist C from the end, the liquid B contained in the mist C is seated on the tool 50. Even if it remains attached to the surface 51e or the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11, the liquid is blown off by the air pressure and removed, and the liquid B is prevented from remaining on the surface of the tool 50 or the main shaft 11.

  According to the invention described in claim 3 of the present application, the discharge of the mist body C from the mist body discharge port 17a... 17a is performed between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11. Is performed only when the distance Δ is equal to or smaller than the predetermined distance β (S14: YES), the impact when the liquid B of the mist-like body C hits the chips becomes larger and the chips are peeled off. The force is increased and the chips are more reliably and effectively removed.

  In that case, according to the invention described in claim 4 of the present application, when the distance Δ between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 is larger than the predetermined distance β (S14: NO). Since air is discharged from the air discharge ports 18a... 18a, even if the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 is relatively separated from the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11, good chips due to air pressure can be obtained. The removal effect will be achieved. This is because the distance that the air discharged from the air discharge ports 18a... 18a reaches is farther than the distance that the mist C (particularly the liquid B) discharged from the mist discharge ports 17a. (It is assumed that the discharge power and volume are the same for air and mist C).

  Next, according to the invention described in claim 5 of the present application, the mist discharge ports 17a ... 17a and the air discharge ports 18a ... 18a are configured by a common opening 61a ... 61a, and the common opening 61a ... 61a is formed. Since the mist generating means 104 or the air supply means 105 is switched and connected, the number of openings and thus the number of passages leading to the openings are reduced, and the configuration is simplified.

  Next, according to the invention described in claim 6 of the present application, as the liquid B to be diffused and mixed in the mist body C, the same coolant liquid as that supplied to the vicinity of the tool 50 during the machining of the machine tool 1 is used. Since it is used, the mist C is discharged for removing chips, and even if the liquid B contained in the mist C hits the tool 50 or the spindle 11 and does not have an adverse effect. Moreover, it is not necessary to separately prepare the liquid B to be diffused and mixed with the mist C.

  In particular, according to the invention described in claim 7 of the present application, as a specific example in which the common opening 61a... 61a is switched to and connected to the mist generation means 104 or the air supply means 105, a venturi pipe is applied and the on-off valve 73a is applied. Since the mechanism for opening and closing is devised, it is possible to selectively connect the common opening 61a... 61a to the air supply means 105 and the mist generation means 104 only by actually providing the air supply means 105. In fact, it is not necessary to provide the mist generation means, which contributes to cost reduction. Moreover, the effect using the same coolant liquid as the coolant liquid supplied to the vicinity of the tool 50 during the process of the machine tool 1 as the liquid B to be diffused and mixed in the mist C is also obtained. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through embodiments.

  FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing the arrangement of main components of a machine tool 1 according to the best embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partial plan view of the machine tool 1 on the front side. This machine tool 1 is a horizontal machining center, and a housing 1b is erected on an edge of a machine base 1a, and a work space 1c closed by the housing 1b is generated. Although not shown, a door for opening and closing the work space 1c is provided on the vertical wall of the housing 1b.

  In the work space 1c, a spindle 10 extending in the horizontal direction along the y-axis and a main shaft 11 that is accommodated in the spindle 10 and rotates and also extends in the horizontal direction along the y-axis are provided. The tip of the main shaft 11 is exposed from the spindle 10 and a tool 50 is attached to the tip. A pallet 20 that is rotatable about the z-axis is provided on the machine base 1 a in front of the spindle 10 and the main shaft 11, and a jig 30 is installed on the pallet 20. Various types of machining such as milling, boring, or tapping are performed on the workpiece 90 with the tool 50 attached to the tip of the spindle 11.

  In the work space 1 c, an automatic tool changer (ATC) 40 is provided adjacent to the spindle 10 and the main shaft 11. This automatic tool changer 40 exchanges a tool magazine 41 for storing various types of tools 50..., One tool 50 stored in the tool magazine 41 and a tool 50 attached to the spindle 11. Therefore, a tool change arm 42 having tool holding portions at both ends is included.

  Here, the spindle 10 and the main shaft 11 are slidable in the x-axis direction as indicated by arrows a and b, and the tool changer arm 42 is slid in the y-axis direction as indicated by arrows c and d. It can be freely rotated around the y axis as indicated by an arrow E. When the tool is changed, the spindle 10 and the spindle 11 are moved to the position indicated by the chain line in the drawing so that the rotating tool exchange arm 42 can securely hold and hold the tool 50 attached to the spindle 11. Move to.

  Next, FIGS. 3 to 5 are enlarged plan sectional views of the periphery of the tip end portion of the main shaft 11 by the arrow (iii) in FIG. 1, and the tool 50 in the tool change in the order of FIGS. 3, 4, and 5. When the tool is mounted, the tool 50 is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow C (proximity direction or contact direction) by the tool change arm 42 and the shaft core rod 14, or in the order of FIG. 5, FIG. 4, and FIG. A state is shown in which the tool 50 is moved in the direction of arrow D (the direction of separation) by the shaft rod 14 and the tool changing arm 42 when the tool 50 is removed in the exchange.

  First, the tool 50 is provided with a processing member 51b such as an end mill, a face mill, or a chamfering cutter on one surface (the lower surface in FIGS. 3 to 5) of a disk-shaped base portion (flange portion) 51a. In the center of the other surface (the upper surface in FIGS. 3 to 5), a substantially cylindrical (slightly tapered) tapered shank portion 51c smaller in diameter than the base portion 51a is provided concentrically with the base portion 51a.

  A groove 51d with which the tool changing arm 42 is engaged is formed in a ring shape on the peripheral surface of the base 51a. An annular surface 51e around the tapered shank portion 51c on the other surface (the upper surface in FIGS. 3 to 5) of the base portion 51a constitutes a seating surface that is seated on a mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 described later. Here, a recess 51f having an inclined surface into which a later-described tool holding ball 15 is fitted is formed on a part of the side wall that provides the peripheral surface of the tapered shank 51c.

  On the other hand, the main shaft 11 includes a front end member 11a that forms the front end portion of the main shaft 11 and a rear end member 11b that forms the rear end portion of the main shaft 11, and is rotatable inside the spindle 10 via a bearing 12 or the like. It is supported by.

  At the tip of the main shaft 11, an attachment surface (annular surface having substantially the same diameter as the seating surface 51 e) 11 d that can come into contact with the seating surface (annular surface) 51 e of the tool 50, and a taper shank portion 51 c of the tool 50. A fitting hole 11c that can be fitted is formed.

  An axial rod 14 that is movable in the axial direction (y-axis direction) of the main shaft 11 is provided at the axial center of the main shaft 11, and is in contact with the peripheral surface of the axial rod 14 so that the main shaft 11 ( A cylindrical fixing member 13 fixed to the inner surfaces of the front end member 11 a and the rear end member 11 b) is provided at the front end portion of the main shaft 11.

  In that case, a circular recessed hole 14a and a cam surface 14b are continuously formed in a part of the peripheral surface of the shaft rod 14, and a tool holding member is provided in a part of the peripheral wall of the fixing member 13. A through hole 13a for supporting and inserting the service ball 15 is formed.

  For example, when the tool 50 is attached in the tool change, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, when the tool 50 is not completely attached to the distal end portion of the main shaft 11, the shaft core rod 14 is moved forward (arrow At this time, the tool holding ball 15 is accommodated across the recessed hole 14 a and the through hole 13 a, and the ball 15 extends outward from the peripheral wall of the fixing member 13 in the radial direction of the main shaft 11. It is in the state which does not protrude to.

  On the other hand, the tool changing arm 42 is engaged with the groove 51d of the base portion 51a of the tool 50 to hold the tool 50 when the tool 50 is mounted in the tool change, for example, and the tapered shank portion 51c is fitted into the fitting hole 11c. In such a state, the tool 50 is moved in the y-axis direction (arrow c direction) by aligning the axis of the tool 50 with the axis of the main shaft 11 so that the seating surface 51e is seated (contacted) on the mounting surface 11d. By doing so, the tool 50 is brought close to the tip of the main shaft 11 (see FIGS. 3 and 4).

  When the distance Δ between the seating surface 51e and the mounting surface 11d becomes equal to or smaller than a second predetermined value β described later (see FIG. 4) (see FIG. 4), the tool changing arm 42 releases the tool 50 and moves in the direction of arrow D (separation). Evacuate in the direction).

  After that, the shaft rod 14 moves rearward as shown by the arrow C in FIG. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the tool holding ball 15 rides on the cam surface 14b and protrudes outward in the radial direction of the main shaft 11 from the peripheral wall of the fixing member 13 through the through hole 13a. The protruding ball 15 is fitted into the recess 51f of the taper shank portion 51c, and the tapered shank portion 51c is pulled to the rear of the main shaft 11 by the inclined surface of the recess 51f. Press against the inner surface of 11a. At this time, the seating surface 51e is completely seated (contacted) with the mounting surface 11d. As a result, the tool 50 is completely attached to the tip end portion of the main shaft 11, and the tool 50 is held on the main shaft 11 with a predetermined holding force (first holding force).

  In addition, when the tool 50 is removed in the tool change, the reverse operation is performed. Details will be described later with reference to a flowchart (FIG. 10).

  In the present embodiment, the tool changer 42 and the shaft rod 14 constitute a tool changer.

  Next, FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the attachment surface 11d formed on the tip member 11a of the main shaft 11 (in the drawing, the upper side is the upper side and the lower side is the lower side) according to the arrow (vi) in FIG. As shown in the drawing, the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 has a plurality of mist discharge ports 17a ... 17a for discharging mist for removing chips, and air for releasing swarf. A plurality of air discharge ports 18a ... 18a are formed.

  These openings 17a... 17a, 18a... 18a have a chip removing effect for removing chips adhering to the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11, and the outer periphery of the main shaft 11 around the main shaft 11. In order to equalize the chip entry preventing effect for preventing the chip 50 from entering the gap between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11, the fitting holes 11c of the spindle 11 are of the same type. Are arranged to be aligned on the same circumference of the same core. That is, the mist discharge ports 17a... 17a are arranged on the circumference located inside (axial side) in the radial direction of the main shaft 11, and the air discharge ports 18a. Are arranged on the circumference located on the outer side (circumferential surface side).

  In the present embodiment, these discharge ports 17a... 17a, 18a... 18a are those that discharge mist or air in the axial direction of the main shaft 11 (direct current). It may be one that discharges in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle from the direction (diagonal flow). Thus, in the case of mixed flow, the seating of the tool 50 as shown by a reference numeral in FIG. 3, for example, a portion in the radial direction of the main shaft 11 (part near the center of the main shaft 11) in which chips are likely to accumulate. Colliding with a boundary portion between the surface 51e and the taper shank 51c, a boundary portion between the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 and the fitting hole 11c, and the like, the chip removal at these portions is promoted, and a preferable result is obtained.

  As shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 7, two annular passages 16a (see FIG. 6) are provided between the rear surface of the tip member 11a of the main shaft 11 and the front surface of the rear end member 11b of the main shaft 11. 16 b is formed on the outer side and the inner side in the radial direction of the main shaft 11. The mist discharge ports 17a... 17a are formed by holes 17... 17 penetrating the tip member 11a in the axial direction (y-axis direction) from the inner annular passage 16a to the mounting surface 11d, and the air discharge ports 18a. 18a is formed by holes 18 ... 18 penetrating the tip member 11a in the axial direction (y-axis direction) from the outer annular passage 16b to the mounting surface 11d.

  The inner annular passage 16a is connected with mist supply passages 19a and 19a for supplying the mist from the spindle 10 outside the main shaft 11 to the passage 16a (see FIG. 6). The other ends of the mist supply passages 19a and 19a reach an output passage 104a of a mist generation device 104 (see FIG. 8) described later. Similarly, air supply passages 19b and 19b for supplying air from the spindle 10 outside the main shaft 11 are connected to the outer annular passage 16b (see FIG. 6). The other ends of the air supply passages 19b and 19b reach an output passage 105a of a compressed air supply device (compressor or the like) 105 (see FIG. 8) described later.

  In the example of FIG. 6, the mist discharge ports 17a... 17a and the air discharge ports 18a... 18a have the same number (18) and are arranged at equal intervals (every 20 °) on the circumference. Yes. And the allocation of the angle on the circumference of the mist discharge ports 17a... 17a and the allocation of the angles on the circumference of the air discharge ports 18a. Of course, the mist discharge ports 17a ... 17a and the air discharge ports 18a ... 18a have different diameters or numbers, or the mist discharge ports 17a ... 17a and the air discharge ports 18a ... 18a. Even if they are not arranged on the circumference and are distributed on the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 in another manner, there is no problem in applying the present invention.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 7, the mist generation device 104 uses, for example, a venturi tube, and is similar to a carburetor (vaporizer) in which a mist is formed by diffusing and mixing liquid B with air A. The body C is generated.

  Further, the machining center 1 is provided with a coolant liquid supply device 72 for supplying a coolant liquid in the vicinity of the tool 50 during the machining of the machining center 1 (see FIG. 8). The coolant liquid used in the coolant liquid supply device 72 is used.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the control unit 100 of the machining center 1 includes a spindle rotating motor 101 for rotating the spindle 11, a spindle moving apparatus 102 for moving the spindle 11, in addition to the automatic tool changer 40. A pallet rotation device 103 for rotating the pallet 20, a mist generating device 104, a compressed air supply device 105, and the shaft rod 14 forward (in the direction of arrow D) and rearward (in the direction of arrow C) of the main shaft 11. The tool holding cylinder 106 for moving and the coolant supply device 72 are collectively controlled.

  Here, the mist generating device 104 is connected to the mist releasing port 17a through the output passage 104a, the mist supplying passages 19a, 19a, the inner annular passage 16a and the holes 17 ... 17. The mist C is supplied to 17a.

  Similarly, the compressed air supply device 105 supplies compressed air to the air discharge ports 18a... 18a via the output passage 105a, the air supply passages 19b and 19b, the outer annular passage 16b and the holes 18. To supply.

  Here, a signal indicating the distance Δ between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11 is input from the automatic tool changer 40 to the control unit 100. However, a distance sensor for detecting the distance Δ between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 may be provided separately.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a specific example of the operation of attaching the tool 50 to the main spindle 11 performed by the control unit 100 when changing the tool, and FIG. 10 is a specific example of the operation of removing the tool 50 from the main spindle 11. It is a flowchart which shows.

  At the time of tool replacement, it is customary to remove the used tool 50 from the spindle 11 and then attach the next tool 50 to the spindle 11. Here, for convenience, the attaching operation of the tool 50 will be described first. .

  As a premise, it is assumed that the rotation of the main shaft 11 is stopped and the tool 50 is not attached to the tip of the main shaft 11. First, in step S11, the tool exchange arm 42 holding the tool 50 is moved in a direction (arrow C direction) close to the tip of the main shaft 11 (see FIG. 3).

  Next, in step S12, it is determined whether or not the distance Δ between the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11 and the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 is equal to or smaller than a first predetermined value α. The supply device 105 is operated to release air from the air discharge ports 18a... 18a (more specifically, release of air toward the gap between the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 and the seating surface 51e of the tool 50). Starts (separation mode).

  Here, the first predetermined value α is that air discharged from the air discharge ports 18a... 18a (in this embodiment, direct current air but also mixed flow air) is applied to the seating surface 51e of the tool 50. It is set to the distance hit by reaching.

  Next, in step S14, whether or not the distance Δ between the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11 and the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 is equal to or smaller than a second predetermined value β (for example, 0.7 mm) shorter than the first predetermined value α. In step S15, the compressed air supply device 105 is stopped and, instead, the mist generating device 104 is operated, and the mist C from the mist discharge ports 17a. (More specifically, discharge of the mist C toward the gap between the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 and the seating surface 51e of the tool 50) (proximity mode).

  Next, in step S16, the tool 50 is released from the tool change arm 42, and the tool change arm 42 is moved in a direction (arrow D direction) away from the tip end portion of the main shaft 11 (see FIG. 4). As a result, the tool 50 has a second holding force that is smaller than the first holding force (the holding force that holds the tool 50 when the tool 50 is completely attached to the tip of the spindle 11). The temporary holding state held by the main shaft 11 is established.

  Note that the second holding force in the temporary holding state is applied by, for example, a frictional force between the spindle 11 and the tool 50 in the state shown in FIG. 4 or a pressing force of the tool 50 by a detent mechanism (not shown). .

  Next, in step S17, the tool holding cylinder 105 is turned on to move the shaft rod 14 in the direction of arrow C (rearward). Thereby, the tool 50 will be in the complete attachment state hold | maintained at the main shaft 11 with the said 1st holding force (refer FIG. 5). At this stage, the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 is seated on the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 and closes the openings 17a ... 17a, 18a ... 18a. In step S18, the mist generator 104 is stopped, The proximity mode, that is, the discharge of the mist C from the mist discharge ports 17a.

  However, in this embodiment, immediately before the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 is seated on the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 in step S18, again from the discharge of the mist body C from the mist body discharge ports 17a ... 17a. , Switching to the release of air from the air discharge ports 18a. That is, after the discharge of the mist C from the mist discharge ports 17a... 17a is completed, the air is finally discharged from the air discharge ports 18a.

  Next, the removal operation of the tool 50 will be described. As a premise, the rotation of the main shaft 11 is stopped, and the used tool 50 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 11. First, in step S21, the tool holding cylinder 105 is turned off, and the shaft core rod 14 is moved in the direction of arrow D (forward). Thereby, the tool 50 will be in the temporary holding state hold | maintained at the main shaft 11 with the said 2nd holding force (refer FIG. 4). Further, the contact between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 is released (that is, separated), and a gap is generated between both surfaces 51e and 11d. At this time, the distance Δ between the both surfaces 51e and 11d is a value substantially close to the second predetermined value β.

  Next, in step S22, the mist generator 104 is operated to release the mist C from the mist discharge ports 17a ... 17a (more specifically, the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11 and the seating surface of the tool 50). 51e (release of the mist C toward the gap between them) is started (proximity mode).

  Next, in step S23, the empty tool change arm 42 that does not hold the tool 50 is moved in the direction approaching the tip end portion of the main shaft 11 (arrow c direction).

  Next, in step S <b> 24, the temporary holding tool 50 held by the spindle 11 with the second holding force is held by the tool change arm 42, and the tool change arm 42 is separated from the tip end of the spindle 11. Move in the direction of arrow D (see FIG. 3).

  Next, in step S25, the mist generating device 104 is stopped, and instead, the compressed air supply device 105 is operated to release air from the air discharge ports 18a ... 18a (more specifically, the mounting surface of the main shaft 11). (Release of air toward the gap between 11d and the seating surface 51e of the tool 50) (separation mode).

  Next, in step S26, it is determined whether or not the distance Δ between the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11 and the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 is equal to or less than the first predetermined value α. If not, the compressed air is compressed in step S13. The supply device 105 is stopped, and the separation mode, that is, the discharge of air from the air discharge ports 18a.

  Thus, in this embodiment, in the apparatus for removing chips adhering to the attachment surface 11d of the spindle 11 of the machine tool 1 and the seating surface (annular surface) 51e of the tool 50, the attachment surface 11d of the spindle 11 is removed. In addition, instead of a plurality of air discharge ports that discharge air, a plurality of mist discharge ports 17a... 17a that discharge mist C in which liquid B is diffused and mixed with air A are formed to remove chips. In this case, air is not simply discharged toward the gap between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11, but air is discharged from the mist discharge port 17a ... 17a toward the gap. Since the mist C in which the liquid B is diffusely mixed with A is discharged (S15, S22), even if the chips are firmly attached to the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11. Or the size of the chips Even if the chips are relatively large and heavy, the impact when the liquid B of the mist C hits the chips is larger than the impact when only air hits the chips. The force to peel off the chips from the seating surface 51e and the mounting surface 11d is increased, and the chips are more reliably and effectively removed.

  In this case, particularly in the present embodiment, a plurality of air discharge ports 18a... 18a for discharging air are formed on the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11, and the mist from the mist discharge ports 17a. After the discharge of C is completed, the air is discharged from the air discharge ports 18a... 18a (S18), so that the liquid B contained in the mist C is the seating surface 51e of the tool 50. Even if it remains attached to the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11, the liquid is blown off by the air pressure and removed, and the liquid B is prevented from remaining on the surface of the tool 50 or the main shaft 11.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the mist body C is discharged from the mist body discharge ports 17a... 17a, and the distance Δ between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the spindle 11 is a predetermined distance β. Since it performed only at the following time (S14: YES) (S15), the impact when the liquid B of the mist C hits the chip becomes larger, and the chip peeling force increases. Thus, the chips are more reliably and effectively removed.

  In the present embodiment, when the distance Δ between the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 and the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 is larger than the predetermined distance β (S14: NO), the air discharge port 18a. Since the air is discharged (S13), even if the seating surface 51e of the tool 50 is relatively separated from the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11, a good chip removal effect by the air pressure can be achieved. It becomes. This is because the distance that the air discharged from the air discharge ports 18a... 18a reaches is farther than the distance that the mist C (particularly the liquid B) discharged from the mist discharge ports 17a. (It is assumed that the discharge power and volume are the same for air and mist C).

  In the present embodiment, as the liquid B to be diffused and mixed in the mist C, the same coolant liquid as that supplied to the vicinity of the tool 50 during the machining of the machine tool 1 is used. Even if the mist body C is discharged for removal and the liquid B contained in the mist body C hits the tool 50 or the main shaft 11, there is no adverse effect. Moreover, it is not necessary to separately prepare the liquid B to be diffused and mixed with the mist C.

  The above embodiment is the best embodiment of the present invention, but various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the claims. For example, in the proximity mode of step S15 of FIG. 9 and step S22 of FIG. 10, instead of only discharging the mist body C from the mist body discharge port 17a... 17a, the mist body discharge port 17a. The discharge of the mist body C and the release of air from the air discharge ports 18a... 18a may be performed simultaneously or alternately, or the discharge of the mist body C from the mist body discharge ports 17a. The air discharge port 18a... 18a is intermittently discharged, or conversely, the air discharge from the air discharge ports 18a. ... you may make it discharge | release the mist body C from 17a intermittently.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. However, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the output passage 104a of the mist generator 104 (see FIG. 7) or the mist supply passage 19a and the output passage 105a of the compressed air supply device 105 (see FIG. 7). The switching valve 107 may be disposed over the top or the air supply passage 19b.

  By moving the switching valve 107 left and right in the drawing, the openings 17a... 17a (see FIG. 6) arranged on the circumference located on the inner side (axial core side) in the radial direction of the main shaft 11 are fogged. On the contrary, in the radial direction of the main shaft 11, the air discharge port is used as the body discharge port and the openings 18 a... 18 a (see FIG. 6) arranged on the outer side (circumferential surface side) on the circumference Openings 17a... 17a (see FIG. 6) arranged on the circumference located on the inner side (axial core side) are air discharge ports, and are arranged on the circumference located on the outer side (circumferential surface side). The opening 18a... 18a (see FIG. 6) can be switched to the case where the atomized body discharge port is used.

  Then, when the discharge of the mist C from the mist discharge port 17a... 17a and the release of air from the air discharge port 18a... 18a are performed simultaneously (one discharge is performed continuously and the other discharge is intermittent). In this case, the switching valve 107 is moved in this way to switch the openings 17a ... 17a, 18a ... 18a (the control unit 100 controls the switching valve 107 as shown in FIG. 13). Furthermore, various forces act on the chips, and the force for peeling off the chips from the seating surface 51e and the mounting surface 11d is more likely to be generated, and the chips are more reliably and effectively removed. It becomes.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. However, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 12, a plurality of openings 61a... 61a are formed on the mounting surface 11d of the main shaft 11 so as to be aligned on a single circumference concentric with the fitting hole 11c of the main shaft 11. ing. And this opening 61a ... 61a is made into a common opening with the several mist body discharge port 17a ... 17a for discharging | emitting the mist body C, and the several air discharge port 18a ... 18a for discharging | emitting air. (See FIG. 7). In other words, the openings 61a... 61a are also used as the mist discharge ports 17a... 17a and the air discharge ports 18a.

  Therefore, the holes 17... 17 and the holes 18... 18 are a common hole 61... 61, the inner annular passage 16 a and the outer annular passage 16 b are a common annular passage 16 c, and the mist supply passage 19 a and the air supply passage. 19b is a common supply passage 19c (see FIG. 7). The common supply passage 19c, the output passage 104a of the mist generating device 104 (see FIG. 7), and the output passage 105a of the compressed air supply device 105 (see FIG. 7) are connected via a switching valve 108. Connected.

  By moving the switching valve 108 to the left and right in the drawing, the common opening 61a... 61a can be switched between the mist-like body outlet 17a... 17a and the air outlet 18a.

  When the discharge of the mist C from the mist discharge ports 17a... 17a and the release of air from the air discharge ports 18a. As shown in FIG. 13, the control unit 100 controls the switching valve 108), and the common opening 61 a... 61 a can be switched and connected to the mist generator 104 or the compressed air supply device 105. As is clear from comparison with FIG. 12, the number of openings, and hence the number of passages (holes, annular passages, and supply passages) leading to the openings is reduced, and the configuration can be simplified.

  Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. However, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 14, an air passage 71 that communicates the common supply passage 19 c communicating with the common opening 61 a... 61 a and the output passage 105 a of the compressed air supply device 105 is provided. A narrowed portion 71a is formed in the portion. A connecting passage 73 is provided to connect the throttle portion 71a and a coolant liquid transport pipe (a coolant liquid storage portion) 72a of the coolant liquid supply device 72. An opening / closing valve 73 a is provided in the connection passage 73.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the control unit 100 controls the opening / closing of the opening / closing valve 73 a of the connection passage 73. As is apparent from FIG. 15, the mist generation device 104 is not provided in the fourth embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 14A, when the on-off valve 73a of the connection passage 73 is closed, the air A supplied from the compressed air supply device 105 is air passage 71 as shown by the white arrow in the figure. To the common supply passage 19c and the common openings 61a... 61a, whereby the common openings 61a... 61a are connected to the compressed air supply device 105.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 14B, when the on-off valve 73a of the connection passage 73 is opened, the air A supplied from the compressed air supply device 105 flows into the connection passage 73 due to the flow in the throttle portion 71a. A negative pressure is generated. Due to this negative pressure, the coolant B flowing through the coolant transport pipe 72a as shown by the broken line arrow in the figure is guided to the air passage 71 via the connection passage 73, and the air passage The mist C is generated in the air passage 71 by being diffused and mixed with the air A in the air 71.

  The mist C is guided to the common supply passage 19c and the common openings 61a... 61a through the air passage 71 as shown by white arrows in the drawing, so that the common openings 61a. It becomes a state equivalent to being connected to the mist generating apparatus 104 that is not provided.

  As described above, in the fourth embodiment, the venturi pipe (air passage 71) is applied as another example in which the common opening 61a... 61a is switched to and connected to the mist generating device 104 or the compressed air supply device 105. Since a mechanism for opening and closing one on-off valve 73a has been devised, the common opening 61a... 61a is actually selected as the mist generating device 104 and the compressed air supply device 105 only by providing the compressed air supply device 105. Therefore, it is possible to connect the mist generator 104 without actually providing the mist generator 104, which contributes to cost reduction.

  As described above in detail with reference to specific examples, the present invention can be applied to the seating surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the main shaft, even if the chips are firmly attached, or the size of the chips is relatively large. Even if the weight of the chip is relatively heavy, it is possible to give the chip an impact that is greater than the impact of only the air hitting the chip, so that the chip can be peeled off from the seating surface or mounting surface. Therefore, it is possible to remove chips more reliably and effectively, and therefore, a wide range of industrial applicability is expected in the technical field of production in factories.

1 is a front view schematically illustrating the arrangement of main components of a machine tool according to a best embodiment of the present invention. It is a partial top view of the front side of the machine tool. FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan sectional view around the tip end portion of the main shaft taken along an arrow (iii) in FIG. 1, showing a relatively initial stage of a tool attaching operation in tool change or a relatively end stage of a tool removing operation in tool change. . Similarly, it is an enlarged plan sectional view showing a relatively final stage of the tool mounting operation in the tool change or a relatively initial stage of the tool removing operation in the tool change. Similarly, it is an enlarged cross-sectional view, and shows a state at the end of the tool mounting operation in the tool change or a state at the start of the tool removal operation in the tool change. It is an enlarged view of the attachment surface formed in the front-end | tip member of a main axis | shaft by the arrow (vi) in FIG. It is a partial plane sectional view which expands and shows the tip part of a main axis further. It is a control system figure of the machine tool. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the tool attachment operation | movement which the control part of the said machine tool performs at the time of tool replacement | exchange. It is a flowchart which shows one example of the tool removal operation | movement which the control part of the said machine tool performs at the time of tool exchange. It is a layout view of a switching valve according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a layout view of a switching valve according to a third embodiment of the present invention. It is a control system figure concerning the 2nd and 3rd embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram of the air passage periphery which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) shows the state which connected the common opening to the air supply means, (b) produces a mist-like body by the common opening The state connected to the means is shown. It is a control system figure concerning a 4th embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 11 Main shaft 11c Fitting hole 11d Mounting surface 14 Tool change means (shaft core rod)
17a Mist discharge port 18a Air discharge port 42 Tool changing means (tool changing arm)
50 Tool 51a Base (flange)
51c Protrusion (taper shank)
51e Annular surface (sitting surface)
61a Common opening 71 Air passage 71a Restriction part 72 Coolant liquid supply means (coolant liquid supply device)
72a Coolant liquid container (coolant liquid transport pipe)
73 Connection passage 73a On-off valve 100 Control means (control part)
104 Atomized body generating means (misted body generating apparatus)
105 Air supply means (compressed air supply device)
107,108 selector valve

Claims (7)

A processing member is provided on one surface of a disk-shaped base, and a main shaft to which a tool provided with a protrusion is provided at the center of the other surface is attached, and the protrusion of the tool is provided at the tip of the main shaft. A chip removal device for a machine tool provided with a fitting hole to be fitted and a mounting surface that comes into contact with an annular surface around the protruding portion of the tool,
The tool is moved in the axial direction by moving the tool in the axial direction so that the protruding portion of the tool is fitted in the fitting hole of the spindle and the annular surface of the tool is in contact with the mounting surface of the spindle. By attaching the tip to the tip, or by moving the tool in the axial direction so that the annular surface of the tool is separated from the attachment surface of the main shaft and the protruding portion of the tool escapes from the fitting hole of the main shaft. Tool changing means for removing the tool from the tip of the spindle;
A mist generating means for generating a mist in which a liquid is diffusely mixed in air;
A plurality of atomized body discharge ports that are arranged in a distributed manner on the mounting surface of the main shaft, and discharge the atomized bodies generated by the atomized body generating means;
Control means for discharging the mist from the mist discharge port to the gap between the annular surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the main shaft when the tool is changed by the tool changer. A machine tool chip removal device. In the machine tool chip removal device according to claim 1,
Air supply means for supplying air;
A plurality of air discharge ports that are distributed on the mounting surface of the main shaft and discharge air supplied by the air supply means;
The control means discharges the air from the air discharge port to the gap between the annular surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the main shaft after the discharge of the mist from the mist discharge port is completed. A machine tool for removing chips from a machine tool. In the machine tool chip removal device according to claim 1,
The control means discharges the mist from the mist discharge port only when the distance between the annular surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the spindle is equal to or less than a predetermined distance. Chip removal device for machine tools. In the machine tool chip removal device according to claim 3,
Air supply means for supplying air;
A plurality of air discharge ports that are distributed on the mounting surface of the main shaft and discharge air supplied by the air supply means;
When the distance between the annular surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the main shaft is larger than the predetermined distance, the control means is provided between the annular surface of the tool and the mounting surface of the main shaft from the air discharge port. A chip removal device for a machine tool, characterized in that the air is discharged into a gap of the machine tool. In the machine tool chip removal device according to claim 2 or 4,
The mist discharge port and the air discharge port are configured with a common opening,
The control means switches the common opening to the mist generation means or the air supply means and connects them to the chip removal device for a machine tool. In the machine tool chip removal device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The liquid is a coolant liquid;
A coolant liquid supply means for supplying a coolant liquid in the vicinity of the tool during machining of the machine tool is provided,
The mist-like body generating means generates the mist-like body using the coolant liquid used in the coolant liquid supply means. In the machine tool chip removing device according to claim 5,
An air passage communicating the common opening and the air supply means, a throttle provided in an intermediate portion of the air passage, a coolant supply means for supplying a coolant liquid in the vicinity of the tool during machining of the machine tool, A connection passage that connects the throttle portion and a coolant liquid storage portion of the coolant liquid supply means, and an on-off valve provided in the connection passage,
The control means includes
By closing the on-off valve, the air supplied by the air supply means is guided to the common opening via the air passage, and the common opening is connected to the air supply means.
By opening the on-off valve, a negative pressure is generated in the connection passage by the flow of the air supplied by the air supply means in the throttle portion, and the coolant liquid in the coolant liquid storage portion is connected to the connection by the negative pressure. The air is guided to the air passage through the passage and diffused and mixed with the air in the air passage. The generated mist is guided to the common opening through the air passage, and the common opening is made to the mist-like shape. A machine tool chip removal device characterized by being connected to a body generating means.

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