JP2010105082A - Cutting tool abnormality detection device - Google Patents
Cutting tool abnormality detection device Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010105082A JP2010105082A JP2008277506A JP2008277506A JP2010105082A JP 2010105082 A JP2010105082 A JP 2010105082A JP 2008277506 A JP2008277506 A JP 2008277506A JP 2008277506 A JP2008277506 A JP 2008277506A JP 2010105082 A JP2010105082 A JP 2010105082A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は切削加工において、切削工具の欠けや切削工具の摩耗等による加工不良品の流出を防止ならびに、切削工具の交換時期を適正に判断する為の切削工具異常検出方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cutting tool abnormality detection method for preventing the outflow of defective products due to chipping of a cutting tool, wear of the cutting tool, and the like, and properly determining the replacement time of the cutting tool in cutting.
切削工具によりワークの切削加工を行う加工機械では、切削工具の摩耗による加工精度の低下を防止するために、実際に切削加工を行ったワークの測定データを基に切削工具の寿命を設定し、加工精度が安定域であるうちに切削工具の交換を行うことで切削工具並びに加工精度の管理を行っている。 In a processing machine that cuts workpieces with a cutting tool, in order to prevent a reduction in processing accuracy due to wear of the cutting tool, the life of the cutting tool is set based on the measurement data of the workpiece that was actually cut, The cutting tool and the processing accuracy are managed by exchanging the cutting tool while the processing accuracy is in a stable range.
しかし、切削工具の交換時期の前に、切削工具の欠けや何らかの要因による切削工具の摩耗の増加等の問題により、ワークの加工精度が規定値から外れてしまうことがある。その場合、後の部品は全て不良品を生産することになってしまう為に切削工具の欠けや摩耗等による異常の発生を検出し、異常が発生したことを警報する様々な装置ならびに検出方法が考案されている。 However, before the cutting tool is replaced, due to problems such as chipping of the cutting tool or increased wear of the cutting tool due to some factor, the workpiece machining accuracy may deviate from the specified value. In that case, since all subsequent parts will produce defective products, there are various devices and detection methods that detect the occurrence of abnormalities due to chipping or wear of the cutting tool and warn that an abnormality has occurred. It has been devised.
特開２００６−１３０６０４号公報や特開２００６−２５８７４８号公報等に代表される検出方法として、切削加工中の切削音を採取して周波数分析を行い、時間周波数領域における音信号の強弱や周波数帯域を検出して切削工具などに異常が無いかを診断する方式のものが知られているが、これらの方法は音を検出して診断を行う方式であるため、切削工具の取付方や、素材の違いにより発生する様々な切削音の中から対象とする切削音の周波数を特定しなければならず、周波数の特定に多くの工数を必要とする問題や切削工具以外の周辺装置の発する音も拾ってしまう為、診断の精度が低くならざるを得ないと言う問題を有しており、より検出精度の高い検出方法が求められている。 As a detection method represented by Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-130604, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-258748, etc., a cutting sound during cutting is collected and subjected to frequency analysis, and the strength and frequency band of the sound signal in the time frequency domain Are known to detect whether there is any abnormality in the cutting tool, etc., but these methods detect sound and make a diagnosis. The frequency of the target cutting sound must be specified from the various cutting sounds generated by the difference in the noise, and the problem that requires a lot of man-hours to specify the frequency and the sound generated by peripheral devices other than the cutting tool Since it is picked up, there is a problem that the accuracy of diagnosis must be lowered, and a detection method with higher detection accuracy is required.
本発明は、切削加工以外の外的要因の影響を受ける事無く切削工具の異常を高精度に検出することを可能とした切削工具の異常検出方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool abnormality detection method capable of detecting a cutting tool abnormality with high accuracy without being affected by external factors other than cutting.
本発明は、ワークを刃具で切削するときに生じる振動をセンサで検出を行う。該センサにおいて検出した信号はアンプにおいて増幅を行う。増幅された該信号は、演算装置でデジタル化され、デジタル化された振動波形が得られる。 In the present invention, vibration generated when a workpiece is cut with a cutting tool is detected by a sensor. The signal detected by the sensor is amplified by an amplifier. The amplified signal is digitized by an arithmetic device, and a digitized vibration waveform is obtained.
振動波形には、負の成分が含まれているので、負の成分の符号を変えて、正の成分とし、面積を計算して切削エネルギーを求める。
また不要なノイズ成分が含まれるので、平滑化によりノイズ成分の除去を行い、そして平滑化された振動波形から面積を求める。
Since the vibration waveform includes a negative component, the sign of the negative component is changed to a positive component, and the area is calculated to obtain the cutting energy.
Since unnecessary noise components are included, the noise components are removed by smoothing, and the area is obtained from the smoothed vibration waveform.
切削エネルギーは、刃具の取り付け方やワークの材質によっても得られる値が異なる。そのため、そのまま得られた切削エネルギーを比較しても正常な判定はできない。そこで、ワーク１個目から数個目までの切削エネルギーを合計して、合計切削エネルギーを求める。そして、合計したワーク個数で割ってやり、平均切削エネルギーを基準切削エネルギーとしてやる。そして、この基準切削エネルギーを用いて、切削毎に得られる切削エネルギーを基準切削エネルギーで割ってやることで、正規化される。これにより、刃具の取り付け方やワークの材質による切削エネルギーのばらつきを抑えることができる。 The cutting energy varies depending on how the blade is attached and the material of the workpiece. Therefore, normal determination cannot be made even if the cutting energy obtained as it is is compared. Accordingly, the cutting energy from the first to several workpieces is summed to obtain the total cutting energy. Then, it is divided by the total number of workpieces, and the average cutting energy is used as the reference cutting energy. And it normalizes by dividing the cutting energy obtained for every cutting by the reference cutting energy using this reference cutting energy. Thereby, the dispersion | variation in the cutting energy by the attachment method of a cutting tool and the material of a workpiece | work can be suppressed.
次に正規化された各切削エネルギーを事前に設定したしきい値と比較する。正規化された切削エネルギーがしきい値以内であれば、正常な切削状態であると判定し、しきい値を越えたならば、異常切削と判定する。 Next, each normalized cutting energy is compared with a preset threshold value. If the normalized cutting energy is within the threshold value, it is determined that the cutting state is normal, and if it exceeds the threshold value, it is determined that the cutting is abnormal.
本発明によれば、切削エネルギーを求めることにより、刃具の切削状態を知ることができる。そして基準切削エネルギーで正規化してやることで、刃具の取り付け方やワークの材質による切削エネルギーのばらつきを抑えることができ、正規化された切削エネルギーと事前に設定したしきい値を比較することで、刃具の異常検出が可能となる。 According to the present invention, the cutting state of the cutting tool can be known by obtaining the cutting energy. And by normalizing with the standard cutting energy, it is possible to suppress variations in cutting energy due to the way the blade is attached and the material of the workpiece, and by comparing the normalized cutting energy with a preset threshold value, Abnormality detection of the blade can be performed.
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図１は、刃具の異常を検出するための構成である。センサ１は、刃具４の固定台に取り付けられており、信号を伝達するための電線でアンプ２と接続されている。アンプ２は、センサ１によって発生した微弱な電気信号を増幅するためのものである。アンプ２によって増幅された電気信号は、演算装置３に伝達される。演算装置３には、アナログ信号をデジタル信号に変換するＡＤ変換器が装備されており、ＡＤ変換器によりアンプ２からのアナログ信号をデジタル信号に変換して、演算装置３が演算しやすい信号の形態にしてやる。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a configuration for detecting an abnormality of a cutting tool. The sensor 1 is attached to a fixed base of the blade 4 and is connected to the amplifier 2 with an electric wire for transmitting a signal. The amplifier 2 is for amplifying a weak electric signal generated by the sensor 1. The electric signal amplified by the amplifier 2 is transmitted to the arithmetic device 3. The arithmetic device 3 is equipped with an AD converter that converts an analog signal into a digital signal. The analog signal from the amplifier 2 is converted into a digital signal by the AD converter, and a signal that can be easily calculated by the arithmetic device 3 is obtained. I will make it into a form.
次に本発明の動作を説明する。刃具４がワーク５を切削することで生じる切削振動をセンサ１で電気信号として変換する。次にセンサ１で発生した電気信号は微弱であるため、アンプ２で増幅してやり、演算装置３に信号を送る。演算装置３は、ＡＤ変換によって演算が容易なデジタル信号に変換して、振動波形を取り込む。図２（a）は、演算装置３内部に取り込まれた振動波形である。次に図２（a）から面積を求めるために負の成分を正に反転してやる。すると図２（b）が得られる。次に図２（b）からノイズ成分を除去して、平滑化してやることで、図２（c）が得られる。そして図２（c）より面積を求めることで、切削エネルギーが求められる。次に初期の切削データ数個分より、基準切削エネルギーを求める。この基準切削エネルギーを用いて、切削毎の切削エネルギーを正規化してやる。図３か正規化された切削エネルギーを切削毎にプロットしたものである。ここで、事前に設定したしきい値と比較して、プロットがしきい値の範囲内であれば正常切削であり、しきい値の範囲外であれば、切削異常と判定される。 Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. Cutting vibration generated when the cutting tool 4 cuts the workpiece 5 is converted by the sensor 1 as an electric signal. Next, since the electrical signal generated by the sensor 1 is weak, it is amplified by the amplifier 2 and sent to the arithmetic unit 3. The arithmetic device 3 converts the digital signal into a digital signal that can be easily calculated by AD conversion, and captures the vibration waveform. FIG. 2A shows a vibration waveform taken into the arithmetic device 3. Next, in order to obtain the area from FIG. 2A, the negative component is inverted to positive. Then, FIG. 2 (b) is obtained. Next, noise components are removed from FIG. 2 (b) and smoothed to obtain FIG. 2 (c). And cutting energy is calculated | required by calculating | requiring an area from FIG.2 (c). Next, a reference cutting energy is obtained from several pieces of initial cutting data. Using this reference cutting energy, the cutting energy for each cutting is normalized. FIG. 3 is a plot of normalized cutting energy for each cut. Here, compared with a threshold value set in advance, if the plot is within the threshold value range, normal cutting is determined, and if the plot is outside the threshold value range, it is determined that cutting is abnormal.
１ センサ
２ アンプ
３ 演算装置
４ 刃具
５ ワーク
1 Sensor 2 Amplifier 3 Computing Device 4 Cutting Tool 5 Workpiece
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI649152B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-02-01 | 先馳精密儀器股份有限公司 | Tool state detection system and method |
| CN109623489A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-16 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of improved lathe health status assessment method and numerically-controlled machine tool |
| CN110549162A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-10 | 日立汽车系统（中国）有限公司 | Cutting abnormality detection method and cutting abnormality detection device |
| KR102637262B1 (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2024-02-16 | 특허법인 해안 | Metal material surface working device |
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2008
- 2008-10-28 JP JP2008277506A patent/JP2010105082A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI649152B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-02-01 | 先馳精密儀器股份有限公司 | Tool state detection system and method |
| CN109834513A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-04 | 先驰精密仪器(东莞)有限公司 | Cutter state detection system and method |
| CN110549162A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-10 | 日立汽车系统（中国）有限公司 | Cutting abnormality detection method and cutting abnormality detection device |
| CN110549162B (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2021-11-30 | 日立汽车系统（中国）有限公司 | Cutting abnormality detection method and cutting abnormality detection device |
| CN109623489A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-16 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of improved lathe health status assessment method and numerically-controlled machine tool |
| CN109623489B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-05-19 | 华中科技大学 | Improved machine tool health state evaluation method and numerical control machine tool |
| KR102637262B1 (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2024-02-16 | 특허법인 해안 | Metal material surface working device |
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