JP2010094083A - Phalaenopsis and method for cultivating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide Phalaenopsis having a new plant type. <P>SOLUTION: The Phalaenopsis bearing flowers on a terminal bud part is obtained by keeping Phalaenopsis including the terminal bud part under a non-flowering inducing condition, and continuously administering a gibberellin solution to the leaf axil. Alternatively, it is possible to obtain Phalaenopsis whose terminal bud part extends its terminal buds and differentiates flower buds to bear flowers and which bears flowers on axillary buds by keeping Phalaenopsis including the terminal bud part and axillary bud part under a flowering inducing condition, and continuously administering a gibberellin solution to the leaf axil. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a new type of Phalaenopsis with flowers on the apical buds, and a method for cultivating the same.

In the flower market, along with the original diversification of the flower buds, new flower buds are constantly being sought, and intense competition is being developed not only in Japan but also on a global scale. The present inventors pay attention to Phalaenopsis (hereinafter also referred to as Phalaenopsis), which is one of the most popular florets in the world.
Phalaenopsis is popular because of its unique flower shape and appearance, and is in great demand as a pot and cut flowers. These flower shapes and appearances may be achieved by changing the basic properties of plants based on changes in genetic traits, or may be achieved by changing cultivation methods. From the very beginning, these have not been promoted separately, and research and development efforts have been promoted in the presence of various means.

Phalaenopsis, under natural conditions in its own dough, etc., the flowers of Phalaenopsis arise from the buds and the top buds only form leaves continuously.
A new type of Phalaenopsis is performed by crossing, cultivating a large number of seedling plants for a long period of time, and selecting from among them (Patent Document 1 JP-A-7-163255). These are close to attempts to remodel the basic qualities of plants.
A method using a tissue culture method for a cloned seedling of moth orchid having the same genetic properties as the parent strain is known. Before the buds are swelled, the tip of the growing flower stalk is cut out and cultured in a test tube. A sphere with a diameter of several millimeters, which is the basis of a plant body called a protocomb-like sphere (PLB), is generated and planted in a growth medium (Non-patent Document 1: M.TANAKA, “STUDIES ON THE CLONAL PROPAGATION OF PHALAENOPSIS THROUGH IN VITRO CULTURE ", MEMOIRS OF FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, KAGAWA UNIVERSITY, 1987, NO.49: 1-85, Non-Patent Literature 2 LINDLEYANA ", 1992, Non-Patent Document 3 Takashi Teramoto and Shu Zhou Tian," Differences among cultivars of Phalaenopsis in different culturing methods "2000, by Gakuenzo 69: 1: 370).
A method for inducing a lateral shoot is also known. The shoots of moth orchid shoots obtained aseptically from flower stalk culture etc. are sterilized in a lateral shoot induction medium after burning the shoot tips using a metal fitting with a thin tip such as a soldering iron. The moth orchid is characterized by inducing lateral shoots, cutting out the lateral shoots and culturing them in a growth medium, then repeatedly burning and killing the shoot apex, and repeating the lateral shoot induction culture. Prior to culturing in the method for producing a cloned seedling of the present invention, the shoot tip of the culture shoot is burned before culturing in the shoot induction medium, and the shoot induction medium is benzyl, a plant hormone having a concentration of 1 to 15 ppm. It is known to use adenine. (Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-168399).
Included in the ripe seeds in the mass production method of wild orchids, in which pollen is attached to the stigma and grown until the seeds are fully matured in the ovary, and wild orchids are produced in large quantities from the ripe seeds. A pretreatment step (A) in which germination inhibitor is removed and a seed surface is sterilized; a first culture step in which the pretreated seed is sown in a medium containing a germination promoter and cultured; A culture step (B) for providing a second culture step for culturing in a medium containing a rooting promoter and then growing the seedling, and a step for transferring the cultured seedling from the medium to the culture soil to acclimate and grow the seedling A method for mass production of wild orchid containing (C) (Patent Document 3 JP 2003-189750 A).

On the other hand, there are many things which pay attention to cultivation methods, such as growth. As a means for promoting the growth of the flower bud part, at least a part of the wall surface is cultivated in a transparent or translucent indoor cultivation container, and the indoor cultivation container has a vent hole part in at least a part thereof, There is an invention in which a planting material that contains water and fertilizer and grows a flower bud part of the plant body is arranged, and this plant planting material is at least partially in contact with a plant (Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 8-298868). Patent Document 5 JP-A-1-262730). As a fertilizer added to the planting material, various commercially available fertilizers can be used by appropriately diluting with water, etc., and inorganic salts, vitamins, sugars, etc. necessary for plant growth can be used in part or all of the plant body. In addition, plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid), casein degradation products, extracts from natural products such as yeast extract, and the like are used (Patent Document 4 JP-A-8-298868). .
As a growth promoter for moth orchid, a water-soluble plant growth promoter is known in which an active ingredient is Hiba oil or acidic oil prepared from Hiba oil, and a surfactant, saponin, lower alcohol and rutin are added to this (Patent) Literature 6 JP 2001-192212 A).
Cultivation is carried out by immersing the root part of orchid flask seedling in a culture solution in an independent pot-shaped container, and in a gelling agent solid medium in the pot-shaped container (Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-56875). Issue gazette). A method for producing flowering orchid plants in vitro, comprising regeneration of orchid plants derived from rhizomes in a medium containing cytokinin or auxin, followed by root excision of the plant, and medium containing high cytokinin, low nitrogen and increased phosphorus In the light / dark light cycle (Patent Document 8, Japanese Patent No. 2978901).
It is also known that an auxin aqueous solution is dripped onto an orchid non-pollinated flower to form seeds based on parthenogenesis, and the seeds are germinated and grown to obtain orchids of haploid plants (Patent Document 9) No. 2004-49163).
In addition, orchid cultivation promoters, such as those containing a culture solution obtained by culturing Pseudomonas mallei No. 206-1 (FERM P-11898), a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and having orchid cultivation promoting activity (FERM P-11898) Patent Document 10 Patent No. 3744894, Patent Document 11 Patent 3399357, Patent Document 12 Patent 3473228) are known.

The inventors of the present invention have been working on cultivation methods aiming at physiological utilization rather than applying plant hormones and the like like fertilizers.
When Phalaenopsis is managed at a minimum temperature of 25 ° C or higher, leaf formation from the top bud is promoted. On the other hand, we found that the formation of flowers from buds was suppressed (Non-patent Document 4: Shoichi Ichihashi, Koichi Ota. Phalaenopsis Growth and Physiology and Ecology. Issue 1998).
Moreover, when the minimum temperature is controlled at a temperature of about 20 ° C. (low temperature treatment) for a strain having mature flowering ability, the flower stalk extends from the buds at the third and fourth nodes from the top leaf about one month after the start of the treatment, It was revealed that it bloomed (Non-patent Document 4 Ichihashi, Ota,
Shoichi Ichibashi and Koichi Ota. Phalaenopsis Growth, physiology and ecology. p259-263. Agricultural technology system Published by the Agriculture, Mountain and Fishing Village Cultural Association 1998).
By clarifying these, it has been clarified that temperature is an important factor in flowering induction conditions.
Plant hormones such as gibberellin and cytokinin are used. The present inventors relate to flowering promotion using plant hormones such as gibberellin and cytokinin for phalaenopsis, and in combination with low-temperature treatment such as mountain climbing, when a mixed solution of gibberellin and cytokinin is sprayed on Phalaenopsis, Increases the number of flower stems and shortens the number of days until flowering (Non-patent Document 5 Kazuo Yoneda, Hirofumi Momose. 1989. Effect of the application of growth regulators on mountain climbing on flowering of Phalaenopsis. Agricultural and animal report. 47.71-74)

With regard to Phalaenopsis, Phalaenopsis flowers can only be formed in buds even if they are devised to change natural conditions or artificial cultivation conditions. It can be said that it is not what you are doing.
As an extension of our study, the present inventor may or may not allow the apical buds to flower or the apical buds extend the apical buds to differentiate the buds. Therefore, we examined whether flowering of phalaenopsis can be generated from parts other than buds, for example, apical buds, and if this is possible, we thought that new phalaenopsis could be obtained.
JP-A-7-163255 JP 2005-168399 A JP 2003-189750 A JP-A-8-298868 JP-A-1-262730 JP 2001-192212 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-56875 Patent No. 2978901 JP 2004-49163 A Japanese Patent No. 3744894 Patent 3399357 Japanese Patent No. 3473228 M.TANAKA, “STUDIES ON THE CLONAL PROPAGATION OF PHALAENOPSIS THROUGH IN VITRO CULTURE”, MEMOIRS OF FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, KAGAWA UNIVERSITY, 1987, NO. 49: 1-85 S.ICHIHASHI, "MICROPROPAGATION OF PHALAENOPSIS THROUGH THE CULTURE OF LATERAL BUDS FROM YOUNG FLOWER STALKS. LINDLEYANA", 1992, Teramoto Takahisa and Zhou Tenji, “Differences in Phalaenopsis Cultivars in Different Culture Methods” 2000, Sogaku miscellaneous 69 by 1: 370 Shoichi Ichibashi and Koichi Ota. 1998. Phalaenopsis Growth, physiology and ecology. p259-263. Agricultural technology system Published by Agricultural and Fishing Village Cultural Association Yoneda Kazuo and Momose Hirofumi. 1989. Effects of the application of growth regulators during mountain cultivation on flowering of Phalaenopsis. Nihon University Agricultural Bulletin. 47.71-74

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide creation of a phalaenopsis with a new grass type.

The present inventors diligently studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, and found the following to complete the present invention.
Phalaenopsis flowers usually arise from buds. The apical buds only form leaves continuously, and do not form flowers in this part.
At that time, if the Phalaenopsis is controlled at a minimum temperature of 25 ° C. or more, the formation of leaves from the top bud is promoted, but the formation of flowers from the bud is suppressed.
There is only one Phalaenopsis stem per plant. The present inventors have found that, under artificial cultivation conditions, when Phalaenopsis is managed under non-flowering induction conditions, leaf formation from the top bud is promoted, but flower formation from the bud is suppressed. It was. Moreover, when the minimum temperature is controlled at a temperature of about 20 ° C. for a strain having mature flowering ability (low-temperature treatment), the flower stems extend from the buds at the third and fourth nodes from the top leaf about one month after the start of treatment, It turned out that it can blossom.
(1) On the premise of the above, when maintaining Phalaenopsis under non-flowering induction conditions, by continuously administering the gibberellin solution to the leaf bud, the apical bud can be elongated, the flower bud differentiated, I found that flowers can be attached to the apical buds.
(2) When the Phalaenopsis is kept under flowering induction conditions, the apical bud part can extend the apical bud to differentiate the flower bud to give a flower and to add a flower to the bud. In this case, Phalaenopsis including the apical bud part and the axillary bud part is maintained under flowering induction conditions, and the gibberellin solution is continuously administered to the leaf bud, so that the apical bud part extends the apical bud and differentiates the flower bud. I found that it was possible to add flowers to the buds as well as to add flowers.

  According to the present invention, Phalaenopsis strains are cultivated under high temperature conditions, which are non-flowering induction conditions, and gibberellin solution is continuously administered weekly to the leaf buds of these plants, so that flowering from the buds is suppressed and the flowering of the top buds is prevented. Promoted. When the Phalaenopsis is kept under a low temperature condition, which is a condition for inducing flowering, the apical bud part extends the apical bud to differentiate the flower bud to give a flower and add a flower to the bud.

  The subject of the present invention is various varieties of the genera Phalaenopsis, Doritenopsis, and Doritis, which are commercially handled as commonly known as Phalaenopsis.

Seedlings that were propagated from seeds by existing methods and clones that were propagated from nutrients were taken out of the flask and transplanted to a No. 2 pot using a medium such as sphagnum, with a minimum temperature of 25 ° C or higher and a maximum temperature of about 30 The light intensity is controlled at about 400 μmol / m ² / s at ℃, and fertilizer and irrigation are performed as appropriate to promote the vegetative growth of the individual. The size of the pot to be planted is increased appropriately according to the growth of the plant.
Usually, it grows up to the size of No. 3.5 to No. 4 in about 2 years from the flask out.

  In the present invention, when a flower is attached to the top bud portion of Phalaenopsis obtained by growing as described above, the top bud portion extends the top bud and differentiates the flower bud to produce a flower. And the apical bud part extends the apical bud to differentiate the flower bud to give a flower and add a flower to the bud.

  Maintaining the Phalaenopsis strain under non-flowering-inducing conditions in order to specifically perform the flowering of the apical bud part by extending the apical bud and differentiating the flower bud to give a flower. (In the presence of oxygen or air, irradiate with sunlight under 20 to 25 ° C. or less.) At that time, by continuously administering the gibberellin solution to the leaf bud, the apical bud is elongated, It is possible to differentiate and attach flowers to the apical buds.

At that time, it is necessary to continuously administer the gibberellin solution to the leaf buds.
It is effective for the inventor to use a 10 mmol / L gibberellin solution dissolved in 50% acetone.
Apply 50 μL / strain once a week to the leaflet of the third node, counting from the top leaf. This is continued approximately 10 times until the apical bud elongation is confirmed.

  The above conditions (maintaining the Phalaenopsis strain under non-flowering induction conditions (irradiating sunlight in the presence of oxygen or air under conditions below 20 to 25 ° C.)) and continuously administering gibberellin solution to its leaf buds By extending the top bud and differentiating the flower bud, it becomes possible to attach a flower to the top bud portion.

  When a flower is attached to a phalaenopsis (phalaenopsis), the top bud part extends the top bud to differentiate the flower bud to give a flower, and the top bud part extends the top bud. In order to differentiate the flower buds and add flowers, and to add flowers to the buds, do as follows.

When the obtained Phalaenopsis strain is maintained under conditions that allow flowering to be induced by low temperature (irradiate sunlight under conditions of 20 to less than 25 ° C. in the presence of oxygen or air), Phalaenopsis flowers develop from the buds.
At this time, the top bud forms leaves continuously but does not form a flower on the top bud.

  In order for the apical bud part to extend the apical bud and differentiate the flower bud to give a flower and to add a flower to the bud, the farenosis is maintained under the flowering induction condition including the apical bud and the bud. In addition, this can be achieved by continuously administering the gibberellin solution to the leaf buds.

  For continuous administration of gibberellin solution to leaf buds, 10 mmol / L gibberellin solution dissolved in 50% acetone is used. Apply 50 μL / strain once a week to the leaflet of the third node, counting from the top leaf. This is continued approximately 10 times until the elongation of the top bud is confirmed.

  As described above, the apical bud part extends the apical bud to differentiate the flower bud to give a flower, and it is possible to create a Phalaenopsis with a flower on the bud.

As is clear from the above explanation, when a flower is placed on the top bud portion of Phalaenopsis, the top bud portion extends the top bud to differentiate the flower bud to give a flower, and the top bud The difference between the part extending its apical bud and differentiating the flower bud to give a flower and the bud to a flower is that the former maintains the above conditions (the Phalaenopsis strain is in non-flowering induction conditions, while the latter The obtained Phalaenopsis strain is maintained under conditions that allow flowering induction at low temperatures (irradiate sunlight under conditions of 20 to less than 25 ° C. in the presence of oxygen or air).
If the former is capable of generating flowers by differentiating the flower buds by extending the apical buds by the above-mentioned treatment, the latter can also generate Phalaenopsis flowers from the buds. It is clear that it can be done with certainty.

In Example 1, Phalaenospsis Cygnus 'Ogino # 2' was used. Cultivation temperature is minimum temperature 25 ℃, maximum temperature 30 ℃, day length is natural day length. This condition is included under non-flowering induction conditions.
When a 10 mmol / L gibberellin 3 (GA ₃ ) solution dissolved in 50% acetone was applied to the arrow part as described above, the apical buds were elongated and flowered (FIG. 1).
Using the above application method, the GA3 concentration to be applied is 3 steps of 0, 2, and 10 mmol / L. When the flowering rate of apical buds is measured, it is 0% at 0 mmol / L, 23.8% at 2 mmol / L, and 10 mmol / L. L is 71.4%, and a concentration of 10 mmol / L is practically effective. The relationship between the gibberellin application concentration and the flowering rate of the top buds is shown in Table 1.

Diagram showing Phalaenopsis with apical buds blooming

Claims (5)

  Phalaenopsis characterized by adding flowers to the apical buds.   2. The phalaenopsis according to claim 1, wherein the flowering of the apical bud is caused by extending the apical bud to differentiate the flower bud.   The flowering of the apical bud part is caused by maintaining Phalaenopsis under non-flowering induction conditions including the apical bud part and continuously administering a gibberellin solution to the leaf bud. Or the method of cultivating Phalaenopsis of 2 description.   Phalaenopsis is characterized in that the apical bud part extends the apical bud to differentiate the flower bud to give a flower, and the bud has a flower.   The apical bud part extends the apical bud to differentiate the flower bud to give a flower and add a flower to the axillary bud. The method for cultivating Phalaenopsis according to claim 4, wherein the method is produced by continuously administering a gibberellin solution to a leaf bud.