JP2010077610A - Structure of wooden house - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure of a wooden house, which restores an original shape by preventing collapse during earthquakes without binding a section between a sill girder and a column material as components of the wooden house. <P>SOLUTION: This structure of the wooden house includes: the sill girder which is horizontally arranged on the top surface of a foundation; the column material which is vertically erected on the sill girder; an upper girder material which is horizontally laid between upper ends of the column materials; and a lower girder material which is horizontally laid between lower ends of the column materials. A rectangular frame comprises the column material, the upper girder material, and the lower girder material; a brace and/or plywood are/is arranged in the frame; a portion, in which the sill girder and the column material are connected together, is not bound; a lower end of the frame can be lifted from the sill girder; a lower tendon erected from a foundation and an upper tendon having an upper end attached to the frame are provided; the lower and upper tendons are connected together via a vibration control member inside which a compressed elastic member is provided; the frame maintains a rectangular state when the one column material of the frame is lifted; and a state before the lifted state of the frame can be restored by the elastic member. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure of a wooden house that prevents collapse due to an earthquake and restores the original shape.

In general, a wooden house with a frame construction method is composed of a base girder installed horizontally on the upper surface of a foundation, a column member standing vertically on the upper surface of the base girder, and a beam extending horizontally between the column members.
As a seismic structure of such a wooden house, a structure in which a base girder, a pillar material, a beam, etc. are joined and fastened with metal fittings (for example, Patent Document 1), or a base girder and a beam are tightly connected with a wire. The structure (for example, patent document 2) etc. which are fixed is used.
JP 2006-307440 A JP 2007-154479 A

  However, since the earthquake-resistant structure of the wooden house described above connects the structural members by metal fittings and wires, the force acting by the earthquake is concentrated on the site where the metal is tight, and the metal fittings and their joints and wires are damaged. There is a risk of collapse.

  An object of this invention is to provide the structure of a wooden house which prevents collapse at the time of an earthquake, and restores to an original form, without connecting between the base girder and pillar material which are the components of a wooden house.

The first invention of the present application made to achieve the above object is a horizontal girder arranged horizontally on the upper surface of a foundation, a column member standing vertically on the foundation girder, and a horizontal column between upper ends of the column members. It is a structure of the wooden house comprised by the upper girder material constructed | assembled by the lower girder material horizontally constructed between the lower ends of the said column material, Comprising: The said column material, the said upper girder material, and the said lower girder material To form a rectangular frame, disposing streaks and / or plywood in the frame, and not joining the base girder and the pillar material, and the lower end of the frame can be lifted from the base girder From the foundation, it has a lower tension material erected in parallel with the column material, and an upper tension material with an upper end attached to the frame so as to be the same axis as the lower tension material, and compressed The lower tension member and the upper tension member are connected to each other through a vibration damping member provided with an elastic member. The structure of the wooden house is characterized in that when the column member is lifted, the frame is held in a rectangular state and can be restored to the state before the frame is lifted by the elastic member. .
A second invention of the present application provides the structure of a wooden house according to the first invention, wherein a viscoelastic damper is provided inside the damping member.
A third invention of the present application is the structure of the wooden house of the first invention or the second invention, wherein an intermediate beam member is horizontally installed between the column members of the frame, and the upper end of the upper tension member is connected to the intermediate member. Provide a wooden house structure, characterized in that it is attached to a girder.

The present invention can obtain at least one of the following effects by means for solving the above-described problems.
<1> Since the pillar material is lifted from the base girder and the rocking vibration is generated in a state in which the frame is maintained in a rectangular shape, the shaking at the time of the earthquake can be washed away, so that the collapse of the house can be prevented.
<2> Since the lower tension member erected on the foundation and the upper tension member attached to the frame are connected by the vibration control member provided with the elastic member, the shear deformation generated in the frame is absorbed and reduced by the deformation of the elastic member. can do.
<3> Even if the column material is lifted from the base beam by the restoring force of the elastic member, it returns to the original position, so that the house can be prevented from collapsing and restored to its original shape.
<4> Since the relative deformation and relative speed are generated in the viscoelastic damper provided inside the damping member, the viscoelastic damper can absorb the seismic energy and reduce the response at the time of the earthquake.
<5> Since the seismic energy is absorbed by the elastic member and the viscoelastic damper inside the damping member provided in the frame, damage to the joint portion of the structural member other than the frame can be prevented.
<6> Since the vertical tension member, the elastic member, and the viscoelastic damper are all inexpensive, they can be constructed at a low price.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<1> Overall Configuration of the Present Invention The wooden house of the present invention includes a concrete foundation 5, a base girder 4 arranged on the upper surface thereof, a frame 1 standing on the base girder 4, and an upper tension member 21 attached to the frame 1. The lower tension member 22 erected on the concrete foundation 5 and the vibration control member 3 in which the upper tension member 21 and the lower tension member 22 are connected. (Figure 1)
Hereinafter, each component will be described in detail.

<2> Concrete foundation The concrete foundation 5 is made of concrete.
The concrete foundation 5 is a solid foundation or a cloth foundation placed on the ground, and extends continuously in the direction of the wall of the wooden house.

<3> Base Girder The base girder 4 is a wooden square.
The base girder 4 is installed horizontally on the upper surface of the concrete foundation 5.

<4> Framework The framework 1 is a member in which a column member 11 and an upper girder member 12 and a lower girder member 13 installed between the column members 11 are combined in a rectangular shape and become a wall of a wooden house.
Between the column members 11, the upper beam members 12, and the lower beam members 13 are reinforced by the striations 6 or plywood (not shown), and the frame 1 is maintained in a rectangular shape.
Frame 1 is erected on base beam 4.

<4-1> Column material The column material 11 is a wooden square.
The column member 11 is vertically provided with a predetermined interval on the base beam 4 and becomes a side of the rectangular frame 1.

<4-2> Coupling of Column Material and Base Girder A recess 41 is provided at a position where the column material 11 of the base beam 4 is erected.
On the other hand, a protrusion 113 is provided at the lower end of the column member 11 so as to face the recess 41. The concave portion 41 and the convex portion 113 are fitted, the base beam 4 and the column material 11 are coupled, and the column material 11 is erected. In this way, the connecting portion between the base beam 4 and the column member 11 is not a tight structure using metal fittings or the like, but only a tenon insertion.
Further, the recess 41 has a rectangular cross section. On the other hand, the convex part 113 is rectangular so as to face the concave part 41, and the tip is an inverted trapezoid whose upper side is a long side.
In this way, the concave portion 41 and the convex portion 113 are fitted to each other, and the column member 11 is easily detached in the direction of the hypotenuse of the trapezoid and can be easily restored to the current state.

<4-3> Girder Material The upper girder material 12 and the lower girder material 13 are wooden squares.
The upper girder 12 is installed horizontally between the upper ends of the column members 11. Further, the lower girder material 13 is installed horizontally between the lower ends of the column members 11 and in contact with the base girder 4. The rectangular frame 1 is configured by the column material 11 serving as the side, the upper girder material 12 serving as the upper side, and the lower girder material 13 serving as the lower side.
The upper beam 12 becomes a beam under the roof.
When the wooden house is a two-story building, an intermediate girder member 14 serving as a girder for the first-floor part is installed and connected near the center of the pillar member 11. At this time, the column member 11 can be divided into an upper column member 111 and a lower column member 112 with the intermediate beam member 14 interposed therebetween.

<5> Tension material The upper tension material 21 and the lower tension material 22 are rod-shaped members made of round steel or reinforcing bars.
The upper tension member 21 passes through the upper beam member 12 installed between the upper ends of the column members 11, and the upper end is fixed to the upper surface of the upper beam member 12 by the fixing nut 211 and attached to the frame 1.
The lower tension member 22 has a lower end embedded in the concrete foundation 5 and is erected through the base beam 4 and the lower beam member 13 installed between the lower ends of the column members 11.
The upper tension member 21 and the lower tension member 22 are fixed and erected so as to be parallel to the column member 11 and to be on the same axis.

<6> Damping member The damping member 3 is a member that connects the upper tension member 21 and the lower tension member 22.
The damping member 3 has an elastic member 34 inside a hollow case 31 of a cylindrical shape or a rectangular parallelepiped. (Figure 2)
An upper steel bar 32 is inserted through the upper portion of the case 31 so as to pass through the elastic member 34.
The upper steel bar 32 is only inserted from the upper part of the case 31 and is not fixed to the case 31.
A washer 35 larger than the inner diameter of the elastic member 34 and smaller than the inner diameter of the case 31 is provided below the elastic member 34 of the upper steel bar 32 inserted through the case 31.
Moreover, the nut 36 which can adjust the extension length of the upper steel bar 32 is provided in the part extended from the case 31 of the upper steel bar 32.
A lower steel bar 33 is joined to the lower surface of the case 31 by welding or the like.

<6-1> Elastic Member The elastic member 34 includes a coiled spring, hard rubber, a disc spring, a leaf spring, and the like.
The elastic member 34 adjusts the height of the washer by adjusting the extension length of the upper steel bar 32 from the case 31 by tightening the nut 36, and is elastic between the upper surface of the case 31 and the washer 35. It compresses and clamps so that the restoring force of the member 34 may act.

<6-2> Viscoelastic Damper A viscoelastic damper 37 is attached inside the case 31.
The viscoelastic damper 37 is attached so as to be in a straight line with the upper tendon 21.
The viscoelastic damper 37 includes a cylindrical body 371, a viscoelastic body 372 inside the cylindrical body 371, and a core material 373.
The cylindrical body 371 is a steel cylindrical body having at least one end opened.
The inner diameter of the cylindrical body 371 is configured to be larger than the core material 373.
A core material 373 is inserted into the cylindrical body 371, and a viscoelastic body 372 is filled between the cylindrical body 371 and the core material 373.
The length of the cylindrical body 371 is a length that can attenuate the force acting by an earthquake or the like by the elastic force and the viscous force of the viscoelastic body 372 filled therein.
As the viscoelastic body 372 to be filled in the cylindrical body 371, an acrylic viscoelastic body semi-fixed sheet-shaped material, a material in which a high-damping rubber material is melted, or the like can be used.
The cylindrical body 371 of the viscoelastic damper 37 is attached to the lower surface inside the case 31.
Then, the upper end of the core member 373 and the upper steel bar 32 extending downward from the washer 35 below the elastic member 34 compressed and sandwiched are connected by a long nut or the like.
With this configuration, the viscoelastic damper 37 is installed between the lower end of the upper steel bar 32 attached to the upper tension member 21 and the lower surface of the case 31.
The elastic member 34 is provided between the upper surface of the case 31 and a washer 35 provided on the upper steel bar 32 attached to the upper tendon 21.
Therefore, both the viscoelastic damper 37 and the elastic member 34 change in force due to the deformation generated between the upper tension member 21 and the case 31, and thus are mechanically parallel.

<7> Connection of Tension Material and Damping Member The damping member 3 is attached between the upper tension material 21 and the lower tension material 22.
The lower end of the upper tension member 21 and the upper end of the upper steel bar 32 extending from the damping member 3 are connected by a long nut or the like.
Similarly, the upper end of the lower tension member 22 and the lower end of the lower steel bar 33 provided on the lower surface of the vibration control member 3 are connected by a long nut or the like.
Next, when the fixing nut 211 that fixes the upper end of the upper tendon 21 is tightened, the upper tendon 21 is pulled upward.
Since the upper steel bar 32 of the damping member 3 is not fixed to the case 31, it is pulled upward similarly to the upper tendon 21.
Then, by tightening the fixing nut 211 until the nut 36 of the vibration control member 3 is slightly separated from the case 31, the restoring force of the elastic member 34 acting between the upper portion of the case 31 and the washer 35 is increased upward. The vibration control member 3 acts on the material 21 and the lower tendon 22 and pulls the connected upper tendon 21 downward and pulls the lower tendon 22 upward. (Figure 3)
The elastic member 34 is in a previously compressed state, but the viscoelastic damper 37 is connected to the upper steel bar 32 in a state in which the elastic member 34 is compressed. For this reason, even after the damping member 3 is attached to the upper tension member 21 and the lower tension member 22 and the restoring force of the elastic member 34 is applied, the viscoelastic damper 37 is not subjected to excessive force or deformation. .

[Action]
Next, the operation of the structure of the present invention described above will be described.
<1> Normal time A column frame 11 standing on the base beam 4 and an upper beam member 12 and a lower beam member 13 installed between the column members 11 constitute a rectangular frame 1, and an upper beam corresponding to the upper side of the frame 1 An upper tension member 21 is attached to the member 12. The upper tension member 21 and the lower tension member 22 in which the base girder 4 is erected from the concrete foundation 5 are connected by the vibration control member 3.
The elastic member 34 inside the damping member 3 is in a compressed state, and the connected upper tension member 21 is pulled downward and the lower tension member 22 is pulled upward.
With this configuration, the frame 1 composed of the column member 11, the upper girder member 12, and the lower girder member 13 is held on the base girder 4 not only by its own weight but also by the force applied with the restoring force of the elastic member 34.
In this way, the column member 11, the upper beam member 12, the lower beam member 13, and the base beam 4 are held together. Therefore, the frame 1 to be constructed is not deformed even if the connecting portion between the column member 11 and the base beam 4 is not tightly connected.

<2> At the time of horizontal force action <2-1> Lifting up The coupling | bond part of the column material 11 and the base girder 4 is not tightened. Therefore, when a force acts on the house due to an earthquake or a typhoon and the force reaches a certain value or more, the column material 11 is lifted from the base beam 4 and the frame 1 causes rocking vibration.
The lower girder material 13 installed between the lower ends of the column members 11 keeps the frame 1 in a rectangular state even when the column members 11 are lifted. For this reason, the force which acts on a house is disperse | distributed to the pillar material 11, the upper girder material 12, and the lower girder material 13 which comprise the frame 1, without concentrating on one point. (Fig. 4)
The connecting portion between the column member 11 and the base girder 4 has a reverse trapezoidal shape at the tip of the projection 113 of the column member 11, so that when the column member 11 floats when the force acting on the house reaches a certain value or more, The upper end portion of 41 is slid along the trapezoidal slope of the convex portion 113. For this reason, it is easy to float up and to return to the original position along the hypotenuse of the trapezoid when returning.
Further, during rocking vibration, the frame 1 is lifted and tilted with the column material 11 on the side opposite to the lifted column material 11 being held in a rectangular shape. At this time, the center of gravity of the frame 1 is at the center of the frame 1, but the center of gravity moves upward, and a natural restoring force is generated in the original position, that is, downward due to the weight of the frame 1 and the building. For this reason, the framework 1 is restored to the original state without falling down.

<2-2> Action of tension material and elastic member When the force acting on the wooden house reaches a certain value or more, the frame 1 is displaced in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and rocks and vibrates.
On the other hand, since the damping member 3 is connected to the lower tension member 22 whose lower end is fixed to the concrete foundation 5, it is displaced only in the horizontal direction.
Therefore, a vertical displacement occurs between the upper tension member 21 attached to the frame 1 and the vibration control member 3.
Due to the relative displacement of the upper tension member 21 and the damping member 3, the elastic member 34 inside the damping member 3 is made to have a normal length A and a compression time by an upper steel bar 32 and a washer 35 attached to the upper tension member 21. The length B is compressed by the difference (A−B). (Fig. 5)
Since the elastic member 34 is compressed in advance between the upper surface of the case 31 and the washer 35, the relative displacement causes the elastic member 34 to have a sum of the length compressed in advance and the length AB. A restoring force corresponding to the shrinkage is generated.
And the restoring force of the elastic member 34 acts on the frame 1 to which the upper tension member 21 is attached via the upper steel bar 32.
Accordingly, the displacement of the frame 1 is reduced by the restoring force of the elastic member 34, and the force for restoring the frame 1 to the normal position acts in addition to the natural restoring force due to the lifting of the frame 1.

<2-3> Action of viscoelastic damper The lower end of the upper tension member 21 is attached to the upper steel bar 32 of the vibration control member 3. The lower end of the upper steel bar 32 attached to the upper tension member 21 is connected to the core member 373 of the viscoelastic damper 37 inside the damping member 3.
Since the damping member 3 is connected to the lower tension member 22 having the lower end fixed to the concrete foundation 5, it is displaced only in the horizontal direction.
Therefore, a relative displacement in the vertical direction occurs between the upper tension member 21 attached to the frame 1 and the viscoelastic damper 37 inside the vibration damping member 3.
At normal times, the viscoelastic damper 37 is not subjected to excessive force or deformation. Therefore, the viscoelastic body of the viscoelastic damper 37 connected to the upper steel rod 32 is not affected by the relative displacement between the viscoelastic damper 37 and the upper tension member 21. 372 undergoes shear deformation. (Fig. 5)
Thereby, the seismic energy is absorbed by the elastic force and the viscous force of the viscoelastic damper 37, and the displacement of the frame 1 to which the upper tension member 21 is fixed and the force acting on the frame 1 are attenuated.

The damping member 3 attenuates the seismic energy acting on the frame 1.
For this reason, the seismic energy which acts on structural members other than the framework 1 is also attenuated.
Therefore, the force which acts on the junction part of structural members other than the framework 1 at the time of an earthquake can be reduced, and damage to a junction structure or a joint metal fitting can be prevented.
Further, the upper tension member 21, the lower tension member 22, the elastic member 34, and the viscoelastic damper 37 are all inexpensive members. For this reason, it can be constructed at a low price.

[Other Examples]
In the above embodiment, two sets of the upper tension member 21, the lower tension member 22 and the vibration control member 3 are provided along the column members 11 on both sides of the frame 1, but the upper tension member 21 is located near the center between the column members 11. Alternatively, the lower tension member 22 may be provided and connected by the vibration control member 3. (Fig. 6)
By comprising in this way, the frame 1 can be hold | maintained with a pair of upper tension material 21, the lower tension material 22, and the damping member 3. FIG.

Further, the upper tension member 21 may be attached to the intermediate girder member 14 serving as the body of the first floor portion, and the lower tension member 22 may be connected by the vibration control member 3. (Fig. 7)
By comprising in this way, the upper tension material 21 and the lower tension material 22 can be shortened, and it can construct | assemble by a low price and a short construction period.

The front view which shows the structure of the wooden house concerning this invention Cross section of damping member Illustration of damping members Front view showing the state of force acting on the structure of a wooden house Cross-sectional view of damping member with force applied Front view showing the structure of a wooden house according to another embodiment Front view showing the structure of a wooden house according to another embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Frame 11 ... Column material 111 ... Upper column material 112 ... Lower column material 113 ... Convex part 12 Upper girder material 13 Lower girder material 14 ... Intermediate girder material 21 ... Upper tension material 211 ... Fixing nut 22 ... Lower tension material 3 ... Damping member 31 ... Case 32 ... Upper steel bar 33 ... Lower steel bar 34 ... Elastic member 35 ... Washer 36 ... Nut 37 ... Viscoelastic damper 371 · · Tube 372 · · Viscoelastic body 373 · · Core 4 · · · Base girder 41 · · · Recess 5 ··· .... Concrete foundation 6 ...

Claims (3)

A horizontal girder arranged horizontally on the upper surface of the foundation, a column material vertically erected on the foundation girder, an upper girder material horizontally installed between the upper ends of the column materials, and a horizontal between the lower ends of the column materials The structure of a wooden house constructed with lower girder erected on
A rectangular frame is constituted by the pillar material, the upper girder material, and the lower girder material, and a streak and / or plywood is arranged in the frame,
Without tying the joint between the base beam and the pillar material, the lower end of the frame can be lifted from the base beam,
From the foundation, a lower tension material erected in parallel with the pillar material,
An upper tension member having an upper end attached to the frame so as to be in the same axis as the lower tension material;
The lower tension member and the upper tension member are connected via a vibration damping member provided with a compressed elastic member inside,
When one column member of the frame is lifted, the frame is held in a rectangular state, and the elastic member is configured to be able to restore the state before the frame is lifted,
Wooden house structure. The structure of the wooden house according to claim 1,
A viscoelastic damper is provided inside the damping member,
Wooden house structure. It is the structure of the wooden house of Claim 1 or Claim 2,
Intermediate girders are installed horizontally between the columns of the frame,
The upper end of the upper tension material is attached to the intermediate beam material,
Wooden house structure.

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