JP2010046612A - Device for collecting fine particle material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device for collecting fine particle materials with a simple structure in which the life of a filter is drastically extended, which can highly efficiently collect the fine particle materials, in which the decrease of the capacity is suppressed for a long period of time, in which the collected dust is not re-dispersed, and in which the woking environment in such a dismounting site of construction materials including asbestos, and the like is improved. <P>SOLUTION: The device includes an outer cylinder 2 of which the air discharge opening is opened upstream of the cylinder and the bottom wall is closed, a contactor 5 divided and formed by partition wall 6 for the above and below spaces and a separating wall 7, which leave some space 20 and are installed in the center height part of the outer cylinder, the separating wall hanging downward from the end edge, a sucking pipe 8 and a sprinkler 10 inflowing outer air into the contactor, a vapor-liquid mixer 11 located below them and collecting, and mixing the fine particle materials in the air and an adsorbing liquid, a collecting tank 15 located below it and for the adsorbing liquid containing the fine particle materials, and a demister 19 located upstream of the partition walls and separating a vaper and a liquid. The space communicates with spaces between the demister and the collecting tank. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a device for collecting fine substances such as dust in a workplace where dust containing fibrous or powdery harmful substances such as asbestos from a wall surface of a structure such as a building is generated.

  Asbestos (natural asbestos) is a natural fibrous mineral that possesses excellent properties such as heat resistance, chemical resistance, and electrical insulation, and is inexpensive, so it has traditionally protected buildings. Has been used extensively, but nowadays, carcinogenicity of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma has been pointed out to adverse effects on human health, and its use and production are generally prohibited Has been.

  However, in the past high growth period, asbestos was consumed in large quantities for heat insulation and heat insulation of buildings, and in recent years, rebuilding due to aging of these buildings has increased rapidly. At the time of dismantling work and renovation work, in most cases, asbestos-containing dust is generated.

  Asbestos is a very fine fiber, so it is easily scattered as dust and has a high probability of causing illness by suction. Currently, it is designated as a specially managed industrial waste, but the building is demolished. As shown in FIG. 5, the dust remover (51) used in the workplace in the field or the like is provided with air containing fine powder of asbestos on one end side of the main body (52) by operating the fan (79). Suction is sucked from the suction port (59) and filtered through the primary filter (55a), the secondary filter (55b) and the HEPA filter (77), and then returned to the outside air from the discharge port (53). Although it is configured to exhaust, each filter (55a) (55b) (77) is clogged quickly, so the pressure loss increases and the dust removal effect decreases, so it is necessary to replace the filter as frequently as 2-3 times a day There It was.

  The dust remover (51) cannot be installed outside the workplace as a collection device for asbestos because the fine powder of asbestos re-scatters during the replacement work of each filter (55a) (55b) (77). is there. Since the device itself is exposed to asbestos because it is used in the work place, it cannot be taken out of the work place as it is, so that there is a problem that cleaning in a security zone or the like is unavoidable. Moreover, since it is difficult to carry in an apparatus at a high work place or the like, there is a limit in increasing the size of the apparatus, and there are cases where a plurality of apparatuses must be used in combination.

To solve the above problem, as shown in FIG. 6, by operating the suction device (79 '), air containing dust is removed from the tip of 1-4 dust removing units (52a) (52b) (52c) (52d). The air is sucked in from the suction port (59 ') provided on the side and filtered through the first to third order filters (75a) (75b) (75c) and the HEPA filter (77'), and the air pipe ( 53 ′), exhausting it into the outside air again to reduce the clogging of the filter to extend its life, and to seal dust containing asbestos to the outside by sealing the air supply pipe. Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration of a dust removing device that can perform a filter replacement operation without any problem.
JP 2008-055390 A

  However, even in the configuration described in Patent Document 1, in order to maintain the dust collection efficiency, it is still necessary to replace the filter several times a day. The complexity is not eliminated, and the configuration for pipe sealing in the filter replacement work is also complicated.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and has a simple structure, while greatly extending the life of the filter, and is capable of improving the efficiency of fine particles such as dust containing SPM (floating particulate matter) with high efficiency. Capturing is possible, and it is possible to greatly improve the working environment at the demolition site such as buildings containing asbestos, while suppressing the decrease in performance over a long period of time and without re-scattering of the collected fine particulate matter. An object of the present invention is to provide a particulate matter collecting apparatus.

  In order to solve the above problems, a particulate matter collecting apparatus according to the present invention includes an outer cylinder having an air discharge port opened above a cylindrical body that is long in the vertical direction, and a lower wall liquid-tightly closed by a bottom wall. The cylinder is partitioned by a partition wall that vertically divides the cylindrical body provided with a partial space of the outer cylinder cross-section at an intermediate portion in the height direction of the cylinder, and a separation wall that hangs downward from an edge of the partition wall. A contactor that opens to the upper part of the contactor and allows the air to be purified to flow in from the outside, and discharges liquid that adsorbs particulate matter in the air to be purified provided near the opening of the suction pipe. A spraying device, a gas-liquid mixer that is located below the suction pipe and the spraying device to mix and mix the particulate matter and the adsorbed liquid in the air to be purified, and a particulate matter disposed below the contactor adsorption And a demister that is installed so as to block the space in the cylinder above the partition wall and separates air and liquid, and communicates between the demister and the collection tank by the partial space. It is characterized by doing so.

  According to the configuration of the present invention, with a simple and compact configuration, it is possible to obtain a high collection efficiency of fine particulate matter including dust and hold it for a long time, and also to prevent clogging of the filter and replace it. The work can be made almost unnecessary and the re-scattering of dust can be suppressed, and the environment for collecting fine substances at the site of building demolition such as asbestos removal work can be greatly improved.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the whole, and FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view from the front. An outer cylinder (2) is provided. An air discharge port (3) is opened above the outer cylinder (2), and the lower part is liquid-tightly closed by a bottom wall (4).

  The outer cylinder (2) has a width of 70 cm, a depth of 80 cm, and a height dimension of 200 cm, and a predetermined space is provided on one side of a rectangle that is a cross section of the outer cylinder (2) at the substantially central portion in the height direction. A partition wall (6) that vertically separates the cylindrical body is provided, and a partition wall that further hangs downward from the edge of the partition wall (6) and forms a vertical gap with the one side is formed. The space which becomes a contactor (5) is formed by (7).

  The contactor (5) adsorbs and collects harmful particles by introducing air containing fine particles such as SPM (suspended particulate matter) containing asbestos dust in a demolition work site. ) A suction port (9) connected to a suction pipe (8) through which air to be purified flows in from a dismantling work place located outside is opened on the upper side wall surface.

  In the vicinity of the suction port (9), an atomizer (10) such as a spray nozzle for spraying an adsorbing liquid that contacts and adsorbs fine particulate matter such as asbestos dust in the inflowing air is arranged. In addition, a gas-liquid mixer (11) that mixes and mixes fine substances such as dust in the air to be purified and adsorbed liquid is located below the suction port (9) and the sprayer (10). I am letting.

  The gas-liquid mixer (11) includes a punching metal (12) having a large number of small holes with a diameter of 2 mm at a pitch of 3.5 mm and an opening ratio of about 30%, and a collector (13 ) Are arranged in multiple layers, for example, three layers at appropriate intervals, and the nonwoven fabric forming the collector (13) is made of polyester or modacrylic fiber with a thickness dimension of about 20 mm. This is a porous sheet with an initial pressure loss of 93 Pa at a wind speed of 2.5 m / sec.

  With the above configuration, in the upper layer portion of the gas-liquid mixer (11), the water sprayed from above increases the density in the collecting body (13) on the punching metal (12), and many of the punching metal (12). It diffuses and flows down through the small pores of the water and increases the density again in the lower collector (13). The water particles with increased density are fine particles such as asbestos dust contained in the inflowing air. The substance is adsorbed and acts as a mixture that flows down into the collection tank (15) located below. At this time, there is no punching metal at the bottom of the collector (13 ') installed at the bottom layer, and only the collector (13') is used to coarsen the water and let it flow down. To increase.

  Although not specifically shown, the inner surface of the contactor (5) is formed in an arc shape, and the suction (9) is biased to open in one of the contactor (5) spaces to open the purification. The target air may be vortexed by flowing along the circular arc surface in the contactor (5) to improve the adsorption efficiency with the adsorbed liquid from the sprayer (10). In addition, the constituent material of the gas-liquid mixer (11) is not limited to the punching metal, and may be a non-woven fabric having a coarse mesh or an open-cell water-permeable sheet material. Alternatively, instead of the above-described porous sheet, a so-called steel wool called a metal wire such as iron or stainless steel may be entangled to form a sheet to maintain a predetermined initial pressure loss.

  The lower end of the gas-liquid mixer (11) is combined with the lower end of the separation wall (7) to form an outlet (16) for air that has passed through the gas-liquid mixer (11). The wall of the outer cylinder (2) corresponding to the installation location of the gas-liquid mixer (11) is provided with an opening (17) and a lid (18) that closes the opening (17). The gas-liquid mixer (11) is taken out from the opening (17) so that it can be cleaned or replaced.

  On the outer cylinder (2) above the partition wall (6), a porous sheet layer is disposed so as to cover the inside of the cylinder to form a demister (19) as a gas-liquid separator. The porous sheet layer constituting the demister (19) is formed of the same polyester as the collector (13) (13 ') forming the gas-liquid mixer (11), or a nonwoven fabric made of modacrylic fibers. The thickness dimension is set to about 20 mm as described above, and the initial pressure loss is set to 93 Pa at a wind speed of 2.5 m / second and the coarse pressure loss is set to 64 Pa alternately stacked over a plurality of layers. It is.

  As the demister (19), instead of the porous sheet layer made of the non-woven fabric, it may be an open cell body such as glass fiber having a cell density that allows air to pass but blocks the passage of dust. As described above, steel wool having a predetermined pressure loss may be used.

  Between the demister (19) and the collection tank (15) formed at the lower end of the outer cylinder (2), as shown in FIG. 3, which is a cross-sectional view of the contactor (5), the contactor (5) A space having a rectangular cross section formed between the separation wall (7) of the portion and one side of the outer cylinder (2) is connected to the demister (19) from the outlet (16) of the contactor (5). The air communication passage (20) communicates in the vertical direction. The inner peripheral wall surface of the communication passage (20) is made of the same polyester or modacrylic fiber as described above, and has a thickness of about 20 mm and a wind speed of 2.5 m. It is covered with a porous sheet (21) made of a nonwoven fabric with an initial pressure loss of 93 Pa / sec.

  And this porous sheet (21) can also be replaced with open-celled material such as glass fiber or a steel wool having a predetermined pressure loss, which has a bubble density that allows air to pass but blocks the passage of dust, as described above. Good.

  The outer cylinder (2) forming the main body of the particulate matter collection device (1) such as dust is individually formed for each functional member, for example, located at the lowermost position, and a collection tank. Box A (22) with the upper part opened (15), located at the top of the box B (23) with the contactor (5) and the communication path (20) open and opened, and the top thereof A box C (24) containing the demister (19) and opened downward is formed of a cylindrical body having a rectangular cross section, and the joint ends of the boxes A (22), B (23), and C (24) A flange portion (25) is provided at the edge and a sealing material is interposed between them, and they are stacked in order from the bottom and fixed with screws or the like so as to be liquid-tightly joined.

  Further, in this embodiment, a box D (26) containing a HEPA filter (27) is installed on the upper layer of the box C (24) containing the demister (19). The HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) is an air having a collection rate of 99.97% or more with respect to particles having a rated air volume of 0.3 μm and a initial pressure loss of 245 Pa or less. The outer cylinder (2) is a box D (26) dedicated to the HEPA filter (27) so that it can be removed separately from the box C (24) containing the demister (19). Even when the HEPA filter (27) is installed according to the above-described embodiment, the filter replacement time can be greatly extended and the particulate matter collection performance can be greatly improved.

  In this embodiment, an activated carbon layer (28) is installed on the upper part of the HEPA filter (27) installed on the upper part of the demister (19), that is, on the most downstream side of the particulate matter collector (1). ing.

  This is 0.7 μm or more contained in the purification target air sucked by the collecting device (1) including the contactor (5), the collection tank (15), the communication passage (20), and the demister (19). By collecting the fine particles, the load of collecting the HAPA filter (27) can be reduced to 1/50 or less, thereby enabling the use of the HEPA filter as a pretreatment device for fine particle adsorption by activated carbon. By setting the activated carbon layer (28), not only fine particles such as dust containing SPM (floating particulate matter) but also VOC (volatile organic compounds) can be adsorbed and collected.

  The need for removal of harmful gas components represented by VOC has been increasing for residential building materials due to the recent increasing demand for air quality improvement in living spaces. Adsorption methods have been adopted, but the amount of adsorption is limited, and replacement of the adsorption filter is indispensable for long-term use.

  In particular, when fine particles such as dust adhere to the activated carbon, the pores of the activated carbon become clogged, and VOC does not enter the pores, so that they cannot be adsorbed, resulting in frequent filter replacement. However, according to the configuration of the above embodiment, since the clogging of the activated carbon due to fine particles such as dust can be significantly reduced, the replacement frequency of the activated carbon layer (28) is reduced to 1/50. And cost can be reduced.

  As for the activated carbon layer (28), it may be installed as necessary. In addition to the above combination, only the activated carbon layer (28) is provided on the downstream side of the demister (19) instead of the HEPA filter (27). You may comprise.

In the air discharge port (3) above the outer cylinder (2) of the collecting device (1) formed as described above, a blower (29) for sucking outside air containing fine particles into the contactor (5) Are connected and arranged. The blower (29) is composed of a turbo fan, and is driven to suck the air to be purified containing fine substances such as asbestos dust in the work place from the suction pipe (8) and discharge it into the contactor (5). The suction capacity of the blower (29) is 31 m ³ / min at 3.09 kPa.

  Further, in the vicinity of the outer cylinder (2), a nozzle pump (30) for supplying water for collecting particulate matter from the collection tank (15) to the spray nozzle of the sprayer (10) is installed. The nozzle is connected to the nozzle header of the sprayer (10) via the nozzle hose (31), and a drainage pump (32) is installed adjacent to the nozzle pump (30), and is placed in the collection tank (15). The stored water is made harmless by a separate process and disposed of.

  The collection tank (15) has a capacity of 80 L, the nozzle pump (30) has a capacity of 43 L / min at an input of 0.22 kW, and the drainage pump (32) has a drainage capacity of 70 L / min at an input of 90 W. Is. Instead of draining by the drainage pump (32), a pump (32 ') for collecting the collected water is provided, and the water in the collecting tank (15) is sent to the septic tank (33) as shown in FIG. Water may be sent to purify this.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 4 which is a perspective view from the back side of FIG. 1, (34) is a level hose for checking the amount of water in the collection tank (15). In order to keep the stored water in the collection tank (15) constant, a solenoid valve (35) and a level switch (36) that measures the liquid level in the collection tank (15) are provided, and the collection tank (15) When the water level drops, the electromagnetic valve (35) is opened and closed in response to a signal from the level switch (36), and the collection tank (15) is directly connected to the water supply to automatically supply water. You may do it.

  Therefore, when using the above-mentioned collection device (1) for fine substances such as dust in the building demolition work site, etc., the collection device (1) is placed outside the isolated work room. The suction pipe (8) is installed so that the front end side of the suction pipe (8) faces the work chamber through an opening formed in the wall surface of the work chamber.

When the dismantling work is started at the work place, the blower (29) in the collection device (1) is driven, and the nozzle pump (30) is also driven at the same time. The fine particulate matter containing asbestos dust generated in the workplace as the dismantling work progresses is sucked into the suction pipe (8) by the blower (29) and discharged into the contactor (5) in the outdoor collection device (1). . The amount of discharge air at this time is about 12 m ³ / min. Then, the nozzle pump (30) driven at the same time is used to circulate the water in the collection tank (15) from the sprayer (10) in the contactor (5) toward the gas-liquid mixer (11) as water for collection. Forming a cycle.

  By spraying the water for collection from the sprayer (10), the fine particulate matter containing asbestos dust in the air to be purified that has flowed into the contactor (5) comes into contact with the water for collection and is adsorbed to it. By the gas-liquid mixer (11), which is a condensing device, the sprayed water collides with the plate surface of the punching metal (12) and increases the density in the collector (13), adsorbing most of the fine particles. Then, it is condensed as a liquid mixture and allowed to flow down into the lower collection tank (15).

  The drainage pump (32) is driven when the amount of stored water is increased by checking the water level in the collection tank (15) by the level hose (34) or the level switch (36). Control to keep the water level constant.

  The air substantially purified by the gas-liquid mixer (11) flows into the communication path (20) from the lower end of the separation wall (7) and rises to reach the upper demister (19). At this time, since the wind power of the blower (29) is strong, the rising mist-like collected water tends to condense on the wall surface of the communication passage (20) and rise together with the wind, but the wall surface of the communication passage (20) As described above, since the porous sheet (21) is disposed, water droplets containing fine substances such as condensed asbestos dust are coarsened by the capillary phenomenon caused by the porous sheet (21) and rise on the wall surface. Without falling into the lower collection tank (15) by gravity.

  The atomized air that has reached the upper demister (19) has been trapped and removed by the process described above, but most of the particulate matter is porous. Water is coarsened by passing through the presence of the quality sheet and further purified by the gas-liquid separation action of separating it from the air. Furthermore, 99.99% asbestos dust is finally removed from the air outlet (3) due to the high particulate matter collection rate of the HEPA filter (27) placed at the top of the outer cylinder (2). Only the clean air that has been discharged can be discharged.

  The air discharged from the air discharge port (3) by the above is not only purified but also exchanged heat by passing through the gas-liquid mixer (11), the porous sheet (21) and the demister (19). Therefore, the temperature may be lowered by water cooling, and the low-temperature purified air may be returned to the demolition work place to be used as a cooling device for an isolated work place.

  Moreover, since the outer cylinder (2) is divided into boxes A (22) to D (26) for each element member as described above, the outer cylinder (2) is removed from the main body as a box for each element, and cleaning and replacement of parts are performed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be integrated. In this case, the part of the collection tank (15) is used as a separate member. It may be detachable so that maintenance can be performed as needed.

  As described above, the outer cylinder (2) forming the main body of the collection device (1) is provided with the contactor (5) at the substantially central portion thereof, and air containing fine particulate matter such as dust is introduced into the outer cylinder (2). The adsorbed liquid that has been liquid-separated and collected the fine particles is dropped and stored in the lower collection tank (15). The contactor (5) is placed in the demister (19) and the air outlet (3) above the cylinder. The remaining air is allowed to pass through the communication passage (20) formed in a part of the cross-sectional space, and the exhaust is exhausted. In addition, since the installation area can be minimized, it can be easily installed and moved by being placed on the carriage (37), and good usability can be obtained.

  The blower (29) is also connected to the air discharge port (3) through a duct and placed on the carriage (38) as shown in FIG. 1, as in the main body of the collection device (1). To be able to move.

  Note that the blower (29) is arranged not on the air discharge port (3) side but on the suction pipe (8) side as described above so as to pump the purification target air to the contactor (5). The location of the HEPA filter (27) and the activated carbon layer (28) is not limited to the upper part of the box C (24) containing the demister (19). You may make it install in the near floor part.

  The present invention is configured as described above, and by using a liquid such as water and a porous sheet such as a non-woven fabric to collect fine particles such as dust, it has a simple and compact configuration, and has high efficiency. Therefore, it is possible to collect fine substances such as asbestos dust at the work site, and to maintain high collection efficiency of the fine substances for a long time. At the same time, since most of the fine substances have been collected by the pre-collection process in the demister (19), the absolute amount of fine substances collected by the porous sheet is reduced, and therefore the demister (19) and the HEPA filter. The replacement maintenance of (27) can be made almost unnecessary.

  Moreover, since the re-scattering of fine particles such as dust during the replacement of the HEPA filter (27) can be suppressed, the exhaust gas must be kept clean by preventing harmful fine particles including asbestos from flowing out. And can greatly improve the work environment at the site of demolition such as buildings.

  The present invention is not limited to buildings, and can be applied to ships, tunnels, wall surfaces of various facilities and trenches, or chimneys, pipes, ducts, boilers, and other work sites of factories and ships. In addition, in the said Example, although the purification | cleaning object air was the dust containing asbestos, it is applicable not only to this but collection of other harmful fine particulate substances.

It is a perspective view of the collection device of fine substance, such as dust, which shows one embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view from the front of FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the contactor part in FIG. It is a schematic perspective view from the back surface of the particulate matter collection apparatus of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional dust collection apparatus. It is sectional drawing which shows the other conventional dust collection apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Collection apparatus 2 Outer cylinder 3 Air discharge port 4 Bottom wall 5 Contactor 6 Partition wall 7 Separation wall 8 Suction pipe 9 Suction port
10 Nebulizer 11 Gas-liquid mixer 12 Punching metal
13, 13 'collector 15 collection tank 16 outlet
17 Opening 18 Lid 19 Demister
20 Communication path 21 Porous sheet 22 Box A
23 Box B 24 Box C 25 Flange
26 Box D 27 HEPA filter 28 Activated carbon layer
29 Blower 30 Nozzle pump 31 Nozzle hose
32 Drain pump 32 ′ Purification pump 33 Septic tank
34 Level hose 35 Solenoid valve 36 Level switch
37, 38 carts

Claims (5)

  An air discharge port is opened above the vertically long cylinder, and the lower part is liquid-tightly closed by the bottom wall, and a partial space of the outer cylinder cross section is formed in the middle of the outer cylinder in the height direction. The contactor that is partitioned by the partition wall that divides the cylindrical body provided above and below, the separation wall that hangs downward from the edge of the partition wall, and the air to be purified from the outside that opens to the upper part of the contactor A suction pipe for injecting fine particles, a sprayer for discharging a liquid adsorbing fine particulate matter in the air to be purified provided near the opening of the suction pipe, and the air to be purified located below the suction pipe and the sprayer A gas-liquid mixer that mixes and mixes the fine particulate matter and the adsorbed liquid, a collection tank for the adsorbed liquid containing the fine particulate matter disposed below the contactor, and a space in the cylinder above the partition wall Set up as Re it is composed of a demister for separating the air and liquid, collecting device of fines, characterized in that so as to communicate between the demister and the collection tank by the part of the area.   2. The particulate matter collecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a blower for sucking outside air containing the particulate matter into the contactor is connected to the downstream side of the demister. The apparatus for collecting particulate matter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air to be purified that flows in from the outside contains asbestos dust.   At least a box containing a demister, a box containing a gas-liquid mixer, and a collection tank are individually formed with an air outflow inlet individually, and the collection device is stacked so as to be separable from above. The fine substance collection device according to claim 1, wherein the fine substance collection device is arranged.   The fine substance collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a HEPA filter, activated carbon, or both of them are arranged and installed downstream of the demister.

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