JP2010038049A - Blade for wind power generation, and wind power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blade for wind power generation improving strength and rigidity with respect to strong wind and improving electricity generated in weak wind. <P>SOLUTION: Each blade 30 is roughly composed of three members, and is provided with columnar core material 32 composed of (manufactured from) a metallic rigid body such as an aluminum alloy, an intermediate member 34 also composed of the rigid body, and a flexible body 36 such as fiber-reinforced plastic, glass fiber, and carbon fiber. The root of the core material 32 is fixed to a pitch angle adjusting member 28, and the pitch angle adjusting member 28 uniformly adjusts (changes) the pitch angle of the whole core material 32. The core material 32 extends from its root in a radial direction with a rotor head 26 as a center. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind power generation wing used for wind power generation using wind power and a wind power generation apparatus including the wind power generation wing.

  A wind power generator that generates power by rotating wings with wind power is known. An example of the high output type of the wind turbine generator will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of a conventional high-power wind power generator.

  The wind power generator 10 includes a support column 12 extending in the vertical direction, a rotation shaft 14 fixed to the upper end portion 12a of the support column 12 so as to freely rotate according to the wind direction, and a rotation shaft 14 so as to rotate according to the wind force. And a plurality of (three in FIG. 1) wings 16 fixed to one longitudinal end portion 14a.

  The large wind power generator 10 as described above is configured such that the rotational speed of the wings in the vicinity of the rated wind speed is kept constant in order to stably maintain the rated output. In addition, for changes in the wind speed within the range of the rated wind speed, the direction of the combined speed of the wind speed that the wing relatively receives by the peripheral speed due to the rotation of the wing and the wind speed by the natural wind depends on the wind speed. Change.

  For this reason, in order to minimize the drag (resistance to the wind) received by the wings 16 and maximize the lift force, a wind turbine generator has been proposed that follows the pitch angle of the wings 16 in the direction of the combined speed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). In this wind turbine generator, the entire wing 16 is fixed to the rotor head via a blade (blade) bearing, and the wing 16 is arranged around a pitch adjustment axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the wing 16 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotor. It is structured to rotate. In the case of such a pitch adjustment structure, the wings 16 must be rotatably connected to the rotor head. Therefore, it is necessary to support all of the moments that change with the wind pressure received by the blade 16 with the blade (blade) bearing, and in order to ensure sufficient durability, the blade (blade) bearing has a large special size. It is necessary to use a bearing. Such a large special bearing also has a problem that maintenance costs for exchanging seals and grease, which are consumables, are not small.

  On the other hand, the cross-sectional shape of each part in the radial direction of a general conventional wing 16 at the rated wind speed is as shown in FIGS. 8A (near the tip) and (b) (near the root). By making the cross-sectional longitudinal direction of each part coincide with the combined direction of the wind speed at each part of the wing 16 and the rotational peripheral speed of the wing 16, the drag at each part is minimized. That is, the wing 16 has a shape that maximizes the component in the rotational direction of the combined force of lift and drag. However, since the conventional wing 16 is formed of a rigid body, when the wind speed changes, the wing 16 can be adjusted even if the pitch of the wing 16 is adjusted so that the rotational force component becomes maximum at the tip of the wing 16. The component force in the rotational direction is not necessarily maximized at all the radial positions during rotation.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, when the wind force exceeds the rated wind speed (during strong wind), the cross section near the root portion of the wing 16 becomes excessive in pitch, and the drag of the wing 16 increases. Along with this, the wing 16 may be damaged, or even the support may be damaged or fall down, causing the entire power generation apparatus to be unrepairably lost and causing a situation that threatens the safety around the apparatus.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-99045

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine generator and a wind turbine generator that improve the strength and rigidity against strong wind and improve the power generation amount in the weak wind.

In order to achieve the above object, a wing for wind power generation according to the present invention comprises a column extending in the vertical direction, a rotor head rotatably fixed to an upper end portion thereof, and a pitch angle adjusting member accommodated in the rotor head. In the wind power generator provided, in the wing for wind power generation, the root portion is fixed to the rotor head, and extends in the radial direction centered on the rotor head,
(1) a core made of a rigid body, the root of which is fixed to the pitch angle adjusting member and extending in the radial direction;
(2) a flexible and cylindrical main body whose root is fixed to the rotor head and extends in the radial direction so as to surround the core, and whose tip is fixed to the tip of the core;
(3) A sliding portion that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the core material and covers the outer peripheral surface, and slides on the outer peripheral surface;
(4) A connecting portion for connecting the sliding portion to the main body is provided.

here,
(5) The main body, the sliding part, and the connecting part may be integrally formed.

further,
(6) The center of the core may be arranged at a position that is eccentric in the rotational direction and the windward direction from the center position of the cross section of the main body.

Furthermore,
(7) The main body may be composed of a plurality of fibers extending in the radial direction and in a direction perpendicular thereto.

In order to achieve the above object, another wing for wind power generation according to the present invention includes a vertically extending column, a rotor head rotatably fixed to an upper end portion thereof, and a pitch angle adjusting member accommodated in the rotor head. In a wind turbine generator equipped with a wind power generator blade having a root portion fixed to the rotor head and extending in a radial direction centered on the rotor head,
(8) a core made of a rigid body, the root of which is fixed to the pitch angle adjusting member and extending in the radial direction;
(9) an intermediate member made of a rigid body, the root portion of which is fixed to the rotor head and extends in the radial direction so as to surround the core material;
(10) A flexible and cylindrical main body that extends in the radial direction so as to surround the intermediate member, and whose tip is fixed to the tip of the core material;
(11) A sliding portion that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member to cover the outer peripheral surface and slides on the outer peripheral surface;
(12) A connecting portion for connecting the sliding portion to the main body is provided.

here,
(13) The main body, the sliding portion, and the connecting portion may be integrally formed.

further,
(14) The intermediate member may have an elliptical cross-sectional shape.

Furthermore,
(15) The main body may have a leeward surface that is more easily bent than an leeward surface.

  According to the invention according to claim 1 (wind power generation wing not provided with an intermediate member), since the core material whose root portion is fixed to the pitch angle adjustment member is a rigid body, the pitch angle of the entire core material by the pitch angle adjustment member The corners are adjusted (changed) uniformly (uniformly). Since the distal end portion of the main body is fixed to the distal end portion of the core material, when the pitch angle of the core material is adjusted, the pitch angle of the distal end portion of the main body is adjusted together with the distal end portion of the core material. However, even when the pitch angle of the tip of the main body is adjusted, the main body is flexible, so that the tip of the portion closer to the root than the tip (the portion other than the tip) is the tip. It is not adjusted in the same way as the pitch angle. On the other hand, the sliding part can slide on the outer peripheral surface of the core material, and the connecting part connected to this sliding part can move together with the sliding part, so it slides according to the wind force and wind direction received by the flexible body. The portion slides on the outer peripheral surface of the core material, and the connecting portion moves along with the sliding, and the main body also rotates (rotates) around the core material by a certain angle. In other words, the main body that receives wind directly bends and automatically adjusts the pitch angle in accordance with the wind force and the wind direction so that the resistance (resistance force) to the wind is minimized in each part of the main body. Therefore, since the increase in the wind pressure received by the wings and the bending moment of the struts caused by this wind pressure is suppressed, it is possible to prevent damage and failure of each component / member constituting the wind power generator.

  According to the invention according to claim 5 (wind power generation wing provided with an intermediate member), since the core material whose root portion is fixed to the pitch angle adjusting member is a rigid body, the pitch angle of the entire core material by the pitch angle adjusting member. Are adjusted (changed) uniformly. Since the distal end portion of the main body is fixed to the distal end portion of the core material, when the pitch angle of the core material is adjusted, the pitch angle of the distal end portion of the main body is adjusted together with the distal end portion of the core material. However, even when the pitch angle of the tip of the main body is adjusted, the main body is flexible, so that the tip of the portion closer to the root than the tip (the portion other than the tip) is the tip. It is not adjusted in the same way as the pitch angle. The root portion of the rigid intermediate member is fixed to the rotor head, and a sliding portion and a connecting portion are disposed between the intermediate member and the main body. The sliding part can slide on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member, and the connecting part connected to the sliding part can move together with the sliding part. By sliding on the outer peripheral surface, the connecting portion moves along with the sliding, and the main body also rotates (rotates) around the core material. In other words, the main body that receives wind directly bends and automatically adjusts the pitch angle in accordance with the wind force and the wind direction so that the resistance (resistance force) to the wind is minimized in each part of the main body. Therefore, since the increase in the wind pressure received by the wings and the bending moment of the struts caused by this wind pressure is suppressed, it is possible to prevent damage and failure of each component / member constituting the wind power generator. Here, when the shape of the cross section of the intermediate member is elliptical and the pitch angle of the front end of the main body is adjusted so as to correspond to a stronger wind than the rated wind speed, the sliding portion is on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member. If the pitch angle of the tip of the main body is adjusted so that it corresponds to weaker wind than the rated wind speed, the main body bends so that the cross section of the main body is deformed flat by the intermediate member. The main body bends so that the sliding portion slides on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member and the intermediate member deforms the cross section of the main body thickly. As a result, an increase in drag and lift against strong winds is suppressed to improve strength and rigidity, and a decrease in lift in weak winds is mitigated by deformation of the cross section to improve power generation.

  The present invention has been realized in a wind turbine generator having a column extending in the vertical direction.

  An example of the wind power generator of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of an example of a wind turbine generator of the present invention. 2A is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1) showing the wings at the rated wind speed, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view showing the wings in the strong wind (FIG. 1). It is sectional drawing shown with a dashed-two dotted line). FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a wing cut in the longitudinal direction. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a wing incorporating a reinforcing material.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the wind power generator 20 includes a column 22 that extends in the vertical direction. A rotating body 24 is fixed to the upper end portion 22 a of the column 22. The rotating body 24 is fixed to the upper end 22a so as to freely rotate according to the wind direction. A wing 30 is fixed to a rotor head 26 (see FIG. 3) attached to one end 24a in the longitudinal direction of the rotating body 24 so as to rotate in accordance with wind power. Although there are three wings 30 in FIG. 1, any number may be used. The rotor head 26 is rotatably fixed to the rotating body 24, and a known pitch angle adjusting member 28 that adjusts the pitch angle of the blades 30 is disposed inside the rotor head 26.

  The structure of the wing 30 will be described. The wing 30 is roughly divided into three members. A cylindrical core member 32 made of a metal rigid body such as an aluminum alloy (manufactured), an intermediate member 34 also made of a rigid body, and a fiber reinforced plastic or glass. A flexible main body 36 made of fiber or carbon fiber is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the base of the core material 32 is fixed to the pitch angle adjusting member 28, and the pitch angle of the entire core material 32 is adjusted (changed) uniformly by the pitch angle adjusting member 28. The heartwood 32 is from its root. It extends in the radial direction around the rotor head 26.

  The intermediate member 34 has a root portion fixed to the rotor head 26 and extends in the radial direction so as to surround the core material 32. Accordingly, the intermediate member 34 rotates with the rotation of the rotor head 26, but is not connected (not connected) to the pitch angle adjusting member 28, so that the pitch angle is adjusted (changed) by the pitch angle adjusting member 28. ) Is never done. Further, the cross section of the intermediate member 34 is elliptical as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the major axis of the ellipse extends in the wind direction (extends so as to be substantially parallel to the wind direction), and the minor axis extends so as to be orthogonal to the wind direction. Since the intermediate member 34 is a rigid body, the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse always extend in the above direction.

  A sliding portion 38 having an elliptical cross section is disposed so as to contact the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member 34 and cover the outer peripheral surface. The sliding portion 38 is slightly thinner than the intermediate member 34, and both are substantially similar in shape. The sliding portion 38 is made of a flexible material such as fiber reinforced plastic, glass fiber, or carbon fiber, and slides on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member 34 in the circumferential direction. A connecting portion 39 made of a flexible material such as fiber reinforced plastic, glass fiber, or carbon fiber is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the sliding portion 38. The connecting portion 39 is fixed at two substantially symmetrical positions across the center of the ellipse, and extends in the longitudinal direction of the wing 30. The connection part 39 connects the sliding part 38 to the inner peripheral surface of the main body 36. That is, the sliding portion 38 is connected to the main body 36 via the connection portion 39. Therefore, when the sliding portion 38 slides on the outer circumferential surface of the intermediate member 34 in the circumferential direction, the main body 36 moves relative to the intermediate member 34 together with the connecting portion 39. Here, the main body 36, the sliding portion 38, and the connecting portion 39 are separated from each other with different names, but these may be integrated.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the main body 36 has a cylindrical portion whose root portion is slidably fixed to the root portion of the intermediate member 34 and extends radially so as to surround the intermediate member 34. . The main body 36 is not directly fixed (not connected) to the rotor head 26, and the root portion of the main body 36 is fixed to the root portion of the intermediate member 34. Moreover, the front-end | tip part of the main body 36 is being fixed to the front-end | tip part of the core material 32, as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the pitch angle of the core material 32 is adjusted, the pitch angle adjustment is transmitted to the tip of the main body 36, but the main body 36 is flexible, so that the entire main body 36 is fully described as will be described later. The pitch angle is not the same. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the main body 36 has an elliptical shape in which the cross-sectional shape is long in the rotational direction of the wing 30, but the shape of the windward side and the leeward side is asymmetric so as to generate lift in the leeward direction. It has become.

  The positional relationship between the core material 32, the intermediate member 34, and the main body 36 will be described.

  The main body 36 has a rotational center at which the pitch is automatically adjusted by the combined force of the drag and lift received by the wing 30 so that the drag is minimized by the combined speed of the rotational peripheral speed and wind speed of each part of the wing 30. As shown in FIG. 2, the intermediate member 34 is rotatably connected to the intermediate member 34 via the sliding portion 38 and the connecting portion 39. The position R serving as the rotation center is 5% to 12% of the thickness and width of the main body 36 in the windward direction and the rotation direction of the main body 36 with respect to the center C of the thickness at the longitudinal center of the cross-sectional shape of the main body 36, respectively. It is a position separated by a distance within the following range. When this amount of eccentricity (distance within the range of 5% to 12% of the thickness and width) is less than 5%, the pitch is not automatically adjusted, and when it exceeds 12%, the wing 30 rotates and vibrates in the pitch direction. However, it causes noise generation.

  As described above, the cross section of the intermediate member 34 is elliptical, and the major axis of the ellipse extends in the wind direction (extends so as to be substantially parallel to the wind direction), and the minor axis extends in the wind direction. It extends so as to be orthogonal. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 2B, when the longitudinal direction of the cross-sectional shape of the main body 36 is adjusted to the strong wind side (that is, the pitch angle increasing side) (this longitudinal direction tends to be parallel to the wind direction). The thickness side of the cross-sectional shape of the main body 36 moves so as to approach the elliptical short axis side of the intermediate member 34, so that the drag force and the lift force can be reduced simultaneously. Therefore, when the wind is strong, the number of rotations of the wing 30 is reduced, and an increase in the wind pressure received by the wing 30 and the bending moment of the column 22 received via the wing 30 can be suppressed, so that damage to these structural members can be effectively prevented. In such a case, in order to make the leeward side material (surface) of the cross-sectional shape easy to bend so that deformation of the cross-sectional shape of the main body 36 of the wing 30 occurs more on the leeward side, this material is used as a low-rigidity material. Alternatively, a further effect can be expected by using a thin material, or conversely, by adding a reinforcing material 40 as shown in FIG. 4 to the windward side.

  As described above, in the wing 30, since the pitch adjusting structural member (core material 32) is released from the bending moment generated by the wind pressure with a simple structure, these movable components can be reduced in size and weight. Further, not only can the pitch angle be adjusted to an optimum pitch angle in all parts of the wing 30 even in a strong wind, but the thickness of the wing 30 (the thickness of the main body 36) can be changed according to the wind force. In addition, the increase in lift can be suppressed, and the allowable wind speed of the wings 30 and the struts 22 can be increased without increasing the cross-sectional strength.

  With reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, another example of the wind power generator of the present invention will be described. 5 is a cross-sectional view (similar to the cross-sectional view shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 1) showing the wing, and FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the wing in FIG.

  The schematic configuration of the wind turbine generator of the second embodiment is the same as that of the wind turbine generator of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but the structure of the wing 60 of the second embodiment is different from that of the wing 30 of the first embodiment.

  The structure of the wing 60 will be described. The wing 60 is a cylindrical core material 62 (made) made of a metal rigid body such as an aluminum alloy, a flexible main body 64 such as fiber reinforced plastic, glass fiber, or carbon fiber, and fiber reinforced plastic or glass. A sliding portion 66 made of a flexible material such as fiber or carbon fiber and having an elliptical cross section, and a connecting portion 68 made of a flexible material such as fiber reinforced plastic, glass fiber, or carbon fiber. And. The sliding portion 66 is configured to contact the outer peripheral surface of the core material 62 and cover the outer peripheral surface, and slides on the outer peripheral surface of the core material 62 in the circumferential direction. A connecting portion 68 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the sliding portion 66. The connecting portion 68 is fixed at two substantially symmetrical positions across the center of the cylindrical core material 62 and extends in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wing 60. The connecting portion 68 connects the sliding portion 66 to the inner peripheral surface of the main body 64. That is, the sliding portion 66 is connected to the main body 64 via the connection portion 68. Therefore, when the sliding portion 66 slides on the outer peripheral surface of the core material 62 in the circumferential direction, the main body 64 moves together with the connection portion 68 in the circumferential direction relative to the core material 62. Here, the main body 64, the sliding portion 66, and the connecting portion 68 are separated from each other with different names, but these may be integrated. Further, the core material 62 is disposed at a position R that is eccentric in the rotation direction and the windward direction from the center position C of the cross section of the main body 64. This is the same as in the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the base of the core material 62 is fixed to the pitch angle adjusting member 28, and the pitch angle of the entire core material 62 is adjusted (changed) uniformly by the pitch angle adjusting member 28. The core material 62 extends from the root portion in a radial direction around the rotor head 26.

  The main body 64 has a base portion fixed to the rotor head 26 and has a cylindrical shape extending in the radial direction so as to surround the core material 62. Moreover, the front-end | tip part of the main body 64 is being fixed to the front-end | tip part of the core material 62, as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the pitch angle of the core material 62 is adjusted, the pitch angle adjustment is transmitted to the tip end portion of the main body 64, but the main body 64 is flexible so that the entire main body 64 has the same pitch angle. It doesn't mean. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the main body 64 has an elliptical shape in which the cross-sectional shape is long in the direction of rotation of the wing 60, but the upwind side and the leeward side are asymmetrical so as to generate lift in the downwind direction. It has become.

  In the wing 60, the cross-sectional shape of the main body 64 cannot be changed when the pitch angle is adjusted, and the bending strength and rigidity of the wing 60 cannot depend on the intermediate material 34 of the first embodiment. However, by fixing the base portion of the main body 64 directly to the rotor head 26 and having a structure with low torsional rigidity compared to the bending strength and rigidity of the wing 60, for example, an open cross-sectional structure as shown in FIG. Since the end portions 64a and 64b slide on the auxiliary main body 65 according to the wind force, the pitch angle can be adjusted to an optimum pitch angle in all parts of the wing 60. The main body 64 may be composed of a plurality of fibers extending in the radial direction and in a direction perpendicular to the radial direction.

It is a perspective view which shows schematic structure of an example of the wind power generator of this invention. (A) is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1) showing a wing at the rated wind speed, and (b) is a cross-sectional view (two points in FIG. 1) showing a wing at a strong wind. It is sectional drawing shown with a dashed line. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which cuts and shows a wing | blade in the longitudinal direction. It is a cross-sectional view showing a wing incorporating a reinforcing material. It is a cross-sectional view (similar to the cross-sectional view shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 1) showing the wing of Example 2. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the wing | blade shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the conventional high output type wind power generator. It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross-sectional shape of each radial direction part of the general conventional wing | wing at a rated wind speed. It is sectional drawing of the longitudinal direction center part of the conventional wing | blade in case a wind force exceeds a rated wind speed (at the time of a strong wind).

Explanation of symbols

20 Wind power generator 26 Rotor head 28 Pitch angle adjusting member 30, 60 Wings 32, 62 Core material 34 Intermediate member 36, 64 Main body 38, 66 Sliding part 39, 68 Connection part

Claims (9)

In a wind turbine generator including a vertically extending column, a rotor head rotatably fixed to an upper end portion thereof, and a pitch angle adjusting member accommodated in the rotor head, the root portion is fixed to the rotor head. And in the blade for wind power generation extending in the radial direction around the rotor head,
A core made of a rigid body, the root of which is fixed to the pitch angle adjusting member and extends in the radial direction;
A flexible and cylindrical main body whose root is fixed to the rotor head and extends in the radial direction so as to surround the core, and whose tip is fixed to the tip of the core;
A sliding part that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the core material and covers the outer peripheral surface, and slides on the outer peripheral surface;
A wing for wind power generation comprising a connecting portion for connecting the sliding portion to the main body. The wing for wind power generation according to claim 1, wherein the main body, the sliding portion, and the connecting portion are integrally formed. 3. The center of the core material according to claim 1, wherein the center of the core is disposed at a position that is eccentric in the rotational direction and the windward direction from the center position of the cross section of the main body. Wind power wings. The wing for wind power generation according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the main body is composed of a plurality of fibers extending in the radial direction and in a direction perpendicular thereto. In a wind turbine generator including a vertically extending column, a rotor head rotatably fixed to an upper end portion thereof, and a pitch angle adjusting member accommodated in the rotor head, the root portion is fixed to the rotor head. And in the blade for wind power generation extending in the radial direction around the rotor head,
A core made of a rigid body, the root of which is fixed to the pitch angle adjusting member and extends in the radial direction;
An intermediate member made of a rigid body, the root portion of which is fixed to the rotor head and extends in the radial direction so as to surround the core material;
A flexible and cylindrical main body extending in the radial direction so as to surround the intermediate member and having a distal end portion fixed to the distal end portion of the core material;
A sliding part that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate member and covers the outer peripheral surface, and slides on the outer peripheral surface;
A wing for wind power generation comprising a connecting portion for connecting the sliding portion to the main body. The wing for wind power generation according to claim 5, wherein the main body, the sliding portion, and the connecting portion are integrally formed. The wing for wind power generation according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the intermediate member has an elliptical cross-sectional shape. The wing for wind power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the main body has a surface on the leeward side that is more easily bent than a surface on the leeward side. A wind turbine generator comprising the wind turbine blade according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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