JP2010031050A - プロテインa組成物および使用方法 - Google Patents
プロテインa組成物および使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】被験体における免疫応答を調節するための方法および組成物を提供する。方法は、この免疫応答を調節するのに十分な、有効量のリンパ球分化因子(例えば、プロテインA(PA))を含む組成物を、この被験体に投与する工程を包含する。組成物は、1μg未満の量のリンパ球分化因子(例えば、プロテインA(PA))を含む。本方法はまた、炎症応答を有する被験体または炎症応答のリスクを伴う被験体における炎症応答を軽減する方法であって、該方法は、炎症応答を軽減するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する方法である。
【選択図】図1C
Description
プロテインAは、種々の細菌の細胞壁から抽出された40,000Daの糖タンパク質である。細菌は、組織結合のための標的部位および結合部位として、PAを使用する。プロテインAは、特定の免疫グロブリンクラスのFc部位に対して高いアフィニティーを有し、一旦、免疫グロブリンが抗原に結合すると、これらの免疫グロブリンに対してさらに高いアフィニティーを有する。PAのこの生化学的特性は、多くの適用に使用されている。PAのこれらの適用は、分子のFc結合特性の使用、または特定の抗原誘導(スーパー抗原の適用)の非存在下で体液性免疫を刺激するPA能力を反映する。
本発明は、Fc結合特性およびスーパー抗原特性とは異なるPAの特徴に少なくとも部分的に基づく。この特徴は、動物において、以下の活性のうちの一つ以上を与える:異常なプロセスを再調節する能力、および組織損傷を阻害する能力または調節されていないプロセスによって引き起こされた既存の組織損傷の少なくとも一部を回復する能力;異常な免疫プロセスまたは所望でない免疫プロセスを再調節する能力。
本発明は、例えば以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
被験体における免疫応答を調節するための方法であって、該方法は、該免疫応答を調節するのに十分な、有効量のリンパ球分化因子を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目2)
前記リンパ球分化因子がプロテインA(PA)を含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
免疫機能不全を有する被験体または免疫機能不全のリスクを伴う被験体における免疫機能不全を処置するための方法であって、該方法は、該免疫機能不全を処置するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目4)
前記免疫機能不全が自己免疫障害を含む、項目3に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記自己免疫障害が慢性関節リウマチ、若年性慢性関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、乾癬性関節炎、糖尿病、多発性硬化症、脳脊髄炎、重症筋無力症、全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)、自己免疫性甲状腺炎、アトピー性皮膚炎、湿疹性皮膚炎、乾癬、シェーグレン症候群、クローン病、アフタ性潰瘍、虹彩炎、結膜炎、角結膜炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、喘息、アレルギー性喘息、皮膚エリテマトーデス、強皮症、腟炎、直腸炎、癩性結節性紅斑、自己免疫性ブドウ膜炎、アレルギー性脳脊髄炎、急性壊死性出血性脳症、特発性両側性進行性感音難聴、再生不良性貧血、赤芽球癆、特発性血小板減少症、多発性軟骨炎、ヴェーゲナー肉芽腫症、慢性活動性肝炎、スティーブンス・ジョンソン症候群、特発性スプルー、扁平苔癬、グレーブス病、サルコイドーシス、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、後部ブドウ膜炎、間質性肺線維症、橋本甲状腺炎、自己免疫性多腺性症候群、インスリン依存性糖尿病、インスリン抵抗性糖尿病、免疫調節性不妊症、自己免疫性アジソン病、尋常性天疱瘡、落葉状天疱瘡、疱疹状皮膚炎、自己免疫性脱毛症、白斑、自己免疫性溶血性貧血、自己免疫性血小板減少性紫斑病、悪性貧血、ギヤン−バレー症候群、スティッフマン症候群、急性リウマチ熱、交感性眼炎、グッドパスチャー症候群、全身性壊死性血管炎、抗リン脂質抗体症候群またはアレルギーを含む、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目6)
炎症応答を有する被験体または炎症応答のリスクを伴う被験体における炎症応答を軽減する方法であって、該方法は、炎症応答を軽減するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目7)
前記炎症応答が、慢性または急性である、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記炎症応答が、抗体によって少なくとも部分的に媒介される、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記抗体が、一つ以上の自己抗体を含む、項目8に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記炎症応答が、細胞性免疫によって少なくとも部分的に媒介される、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目11)
炎症を有する被験体または炎症のリスクを伴う被験体における炎症を処置するための方法であって、該方法は、該炎症を軽減するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目12)
前記炎症が、慢性または急性である、項目11に記載の方法。
(項目13)
前記炎症が、抗体または細胞によって少なくとも部分的に媒介される、項目11に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記処置が、炎症症状の重篤度の軽減をもたらす、項目11に記載の方法。
(項目15)
前記症状が、腫脹、疼痛、頭痛、発熱、嘔気、骨格関節硬直、または組織損傷もしくは細胞損傷を含む、項目14に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記処置が、抗体産生またはリンパ系細胞増殖の阻害をもたらす、項目11に記載の方法。
(項目17)
被験体における炎症応答または炎症によって引き起こされた組織損傷または細胞損傷を阻害する方法であって、該方法は、炎症応答または炎症によって引き起こされた組織損傷または細胞損傷を処置して阻害するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目18)
前記組織損傷または細胞損傷が、慢性または急性の炎症応答または炎症によって引き起こされる、項目17に記載の方法。
(項目19)
前記炎症応答または炎症が、抗体または細胞によって少なくとも部分的に媒介される、項目17に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記組織損傷または細胞損傷が、胸腺、肝臓、腎臓、脾臓、皮膚、または骨格関節に存在する、項目17に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記骨格関節が、膝、足首、臀部、肩、手首、手指、足指または肘を含む、項目20に記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記処置が、さらなる組織損傷または細胞損傷の阻害または予防をもたらす、項目17に記載の方法。
(項目23)
被験体における炎症応答または炎症によって引き起こされた既存の組織損傷または細胞損傷を処置する方法であって、該方法は、炎症応答または炎症によって引き起こされた既存の組織損傷または細胞損傷を処置するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目24)
前記既存の組織損傷または細胞損傷が、慢性または急性の炎症応答または炎症によって引き起こされる、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記炎症応答または炎症が、抗体または細胞によって少なくとも部分的に媒介される、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目26)
前記既存の組織損傷または細胞損傷が、胸腺、肝臓、腎臓、脾臓、皮膚、または骨格関節に存在する、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目27)
前記骨格関節が、膝、足首、臀部、肩、手首、手指、足指または肘を含む、項目26に記載の方法。
(項目28)
前記処置が、組織損傷または細胞損傷の逆転をもたらす、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目29)
前記処置が、さらなる組織損傷または細胞損傷の阻害または予防をもたらす、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目30)
被験体における巨脾腫症を処置する方法であって、該方法は、巨脾腫症を処置するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目31)
所望でない脾細胞の増殖もしくは生存を有する被験体、または所望でない脾細胞の増殖もしくは生存を有するリスクを伴う被験体における脾細胞の増殖または生存を阻害する方法であって、該方法は、該脾細胞の増殖または生存を阻害するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目32)
所望でない脾細胞の増殖もしくはアポトーシスを有する被験体または所望でない脾細胞の増殖もしくはアポトーシスを有するリスクを伴う被験体における脾細胞の分化またはアポトーシスを刺激する方法であって、該方法は、該脾細胞の分化またはアポトーシスを刺激するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目33)
所望でない抗体数を有する被験体または所望でない抗体数を有するリスクを伴う被験体における脾細胞による抗体産生を減少させる方法であって、該方法は、脾細胞による抗体産生を減少させるのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目34)
所望でない脾細胞数を有する被験体または所望でない脾細胞数を有するリスクを伴う被験体における抗体を産生する脾細胞の数を減少させる方法であって、該方法は、該抗体を産生する脾細胞の数を減少させるのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目35)
前記抗体が、一つ以上の自己抗体を含む、項目33または項目34のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目36)
所望でないナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞の細胞傷害性を有する被験体または所望でないNK細胞の細胞傷害性を有するリスクを伴う被験体におけるNK細胞の細胞傷害性を減少させる方法であって、該方法は、所望でないNK細胞の細胞傷害性を減少させるのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目37)
被験体における移植細胞、移植組織または移植器官の拒絶を阻害する方法であって、該方法は、移植細胞、移植組織または移植器官の拒絶を阻害するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物を該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目38)
前記細胞、前記組織または前記器官の移植前に、移植と実質的に同時に、または移植後にPAが投与される、項目37に記載の方法。
(項目39)
前記移植細胞、前記移植組織または前記移植器官が、同種移植片または異種移植片である、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目40)
リンパ系細胞の分化を刺激する方法であって、該方法は、一つ以上のリンパ系細胞の分化を刺激するのに十分な、有効量のプロテインA(PA)を含む組成物と、一つ以上のリンパ系細胞とをインビトロ、エキソビボまたはインビボで接触させる工程を包含する、方法。
(項目41)
前記リンパ系細胞が、T細胞またはB細胞である、項目40に記載の方法。
(項目42)
前記有効量が、約1pg〜約1μgのPAの用量である、項目1、3、6、11、17、23、30〜34、36、37または40のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目43)
前記有効量が、約1pg〜約1μgのPAの用量である、項目1、3、6、11、17、23、30〜34、36、37または40のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目44)
前記有効量が、約1〜15週間にわたって断続的に投与される、約100pg〜約1000pgのPAの単回投与である、項目1、3、6、11、17、23、30〜34、36、37または40のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目45)
前記有効量が、約7〜21日間にわたって隔日で投与される、約1pg〜約1μgのPAの単回用量である、項目1、3、6、11、17、23、30〜34、36、37または40のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目46)
被験体における炎症応答、炎症を軽減するのに十分な、単位投与形態のPAを含む、組成物。
(項目47)
前記単位投与形態が、約0.5〜5、5〜10、10〜20、20〜50、50〜100、100〜500または100〜1000pgである、項目46に記載の組成物。
(項目48)
炎症応答または炎症を軽減する薬物をさらに含む、項目47に記載の組成物。
(項目49)
被験体における 炎症応答、炎症を軽減するのに十分な、単位投与形態のPAを含む、薬学的組成物。
(項目50)
被験体における炎症応答、炎症または炎症応答もしくは炎症によって引き起こされる組織損傷もしくは細胞損傷を軽減するのに十分な単位投与形態のPAを含む、キット。
(項目51)
単位投与形態のPAおよび使用説明書を含む、キット。
(項目52)
複数の単位投与形態のPAをさらに含む、項目50または項目51に記載のキット。
(項目53)
炎症応答または炎症を軽減する薬物をさらに含む、項目50または項目51に記載のキット。
本発明は、スーパー抗原特性、Fc結合活性または体液性免疫を刺激するその能力とは異なるように見える、プロテインA(PA)の一つ以上の活性の特徴づけに少なくとも一部基づいている。これらの異なるPA活性は、免疫機能不全などの所望でない生理学的プロセスまたは異常な生理学的プロセスを再調節するか、または正常にするPA能力に、少なくとも部分的に起因していると考えられている。生理学的プロセスを再調節するか、または正常にするPA能力は、多くの異なる有益な活性(例えば、異常な免疫応答または所望でない免疫応答を調節する(例えば、再調節するかまたは正常にする)活性、自己免疫を改善するかまたは減少させる活性、炎症または炎症応答を軽減させる活性、所望でない免疫応答または異常な免疫応答などの調節されていないプロセスによって引き起こされる組織損傷の少なくとも一部を阻害するかまたは逆転させる活性が挙げられる)を生じる。
特に、PA効力は、コラーゲン誘発性関節炎(CIA)のマウス炎症モデルの使用で示される。II型コラーゲンへの誘発された免疫応答は媒介され、抗体によって急激に進行する炎症応答を引き起こす(炎症応答は、罹患した関節の炎症を測定することによって、そしてまた、罹患した関節に対する標準臨床評価(「臨床指標」または「CI」と名づけられる)を適用することによって評価され得る)。CI評価は、腫脹および移動性の測定の両方にかかわる。実施例1に示されるように、低濃度のPAは、CIAマウスモデル系において急性の炎症応答を阻害する。膝および足関節の組織学的検査は、組織損傷における軽減および滑膜の免疫細胞の浸潤の減少を明らかにした。
炎症応答または炎症の処置を含む本発明の方法は、炎症応答または炎症の症状または特性を軽減することが望ましい。全身レベルで、炎症応答または炎症は、一般的に、腫脹、疼痛、頭痛、発熱、嘔気、骨格関節硬直もしくは運動性の欠如、潮紅または他の変色によって特徴付けられる。細胞性レベルで、炎症応答または炎症は、その領域の細胞浸潤、抗体産生(例えば、自己抗体)、サイトカイン、リンフォカイン、ケモカイン、インターフェロンおよびインターロイキンの産生、増殖および成熟(例えば、分化因子)、細胞の増殖、分化、蓄積または移動、ならびに細胞損傷、組織損傷または器官損傷のうちの一つ以上によって特徴付けられる。従って、処置は、炎症応答または炎症の一つ以上の症状(重篤度または発生頻度)または特性を軽減するか、阻害するかまたは予防する。
処置は通常、被験体の状態における改善、すなわち、検出可能な被験体、被験体における組織または細胞または細胞集団に対して有益な変化を生じる。従って、処置は、状態または障害または症状の進行または悪化、あるいはさらなる悪化または状態もしくは障害の一つ以上の追加の症状の発症を、阻害するか軽減するか、または予防する結果となり得る。従って、成功裏の処置結果は、「治療効果」を導くか、あるいは、症状の重篤度もしくは頻度、または被験体における障害もしくは状態の根本にある原因を阻害するか、軽減するかもしくは予防することを導く。障害または状態を安定化させることはまた、成功裏の処置結果である。従って、処置は、状態または障害の一つ以上の症状の重篤度または頻度を軽減するかまたは予防し得、状態または障害の進行または悪化を阻害し得、そして、ある場合には、状態または障害を逆転し得る。従って、免疫障害の場合、例えば、処置は、免疫障害によって引き起こされる組織病理学的な変化または免疫障害に関連する組織病理学的な変化の改善を導き得る(例えば、骨格関節浸潤もしくは組織破壊、または胸腺、腎臓、肝臓、脾臓もしくは皮膚の組織浸潤もしくは組織破壊をさらに予防するかまたは軽減するかまたは再生する)。
用語「被験体」とは、動物、代表的に哺乳動物(例えば、非ヒト霊長類(ゴリラ、チンパンジー、オランウータン、マカク、テナガザル)、家庭内動物(イヌおよびネコ)、農場動物(ウマ、ウシ、ヤギ、ヒツジ、ブタ)、実験動物(マウス、ラット、ウサギ、モルモット)ならびにヒト)をいう。ヒト被験体は、成人および小児を含む。ヒト被験体は、免疫機能不全を有する被験体または免疫機能不全を有するリスクを伴う被験体を含む。リスクを伴う被験体は、遺伝学的なスクリーニングを通して同定され得る。同定され得る遺伝的に連鎖した免疫障害の特定の例としては、X連鎖重症複合免疫不全症、アデノシンデアミナーゼ欠損症、ディ・ジョージ異常、毛細血管拡張性運動失調、ヴィスコット−オールドリッチ症候群、白血球接着不全および筋緊張性ジストロフィが挙げられる。これらの障害および他の障害は、胎児血液もしくは羊膜細胞を介してまたはサムター(Samter)免疫病;MM Frank、KF Austen,HN ClamanおよびER Unanue編集者;Little,Brown and Companyに記載されるように、成体組織サンプルを介して検出可能である。家族歴を再調査することは、障害(例えば、自己免疫または免疫不全)を発症する遺伝パターンまたはリスク(素因)増大を検出するのに使用され得る。リスクを伴う被験体はまた、特定の特性(例えば、所望でないかまたは異常なリンパ球集団(例えば、脾細胞)または自己抗体の存在)について、スクリーニングすることによって同定され得る。リスクを伴う被験体としては、細胞移植、組織移植または器官移植の必要性がある被験体が挙げられる。被験体はさらに、本発明の組成物のインビボでの効力を試験するための、疾患モデル動物(例えば、マウスおよび非ヒト霊長類)を含む(例えば、CIA、BXSB、EAEおよびSCIDマウスモデル)。
Co.,Easton,PA;The Merck Index(1996)第12版,Merck Publishing Group,Whitehouse,NJ;およびPharmaceutical Principles of Solid Dosage Forms,Technonic Publishing Co.,Inc.,Lancaster,Pa.,(1993)を参照のこと)。
本実施例は、動物炎症(関節炎)モデルおよび組織学データを記載し、非常に低い濃度で投与されたPAが、炎症を軽減し得、また炎症によって引き起こされた組織損傷を阻害または逆転し得ることを示す。
本実施例は、PAの作用機序(MOA)が、エンブレルと異なるように見えることを示すデータについて説明する。
1)少量が必要とされる−付加機構に影響を及ぼす「分岐する」初期制御機構に対する調節効果;
2)自己調節性−PAが早期の制御点として作用する場合、このシステムは、副作用があったとえいてもほとんどない機構の強さおよび方向を調節する能力を有する;
3)多能性標的(すなわち、非細胞系列特異的)−PA制御点が早期である場合、その後の制御は多様であるはずであり、PAの濃度および投薬スケジュールは、一定であるはずである;ならびに
4)PAエフェクター分子構造は、多くのより複雑な構造と関連して見つけられるはずである。
本実施例は、早期死亡をもたらす遺伝学的な基礎を有する複合自己免疫不全疾患(combined autoimmune deficiency disease)によって特徴付けられた動物モデルにおいて、PAが多数の調節活性を有することを示すデータについて説明する。特に、PAは、るいそうの早期発症、脾臓区画の拡大を予防し、疾患プロセスによって引き起こされた組織損傷を改善するとともに、体液性免疫(自己抗体)、細胞性免疫(THl/TH2バランス)およびリンパ系細胞分化を調節する。
1.動物の生理機能に対する全体的影響
a.成長曲線
b.胸腺、肝臓、脳、腎臓、足首および膝の組織学
2.免疫調節−細胞増殖/アポトーシス
a.脾臓のサイズ、および
b.細胞数
3.リンパ球の動態
a.マイトジェン刺激に対するT/B応答
4.リンパ球の機能
a.体液性免疫
i.Ig−PFC産生
ii.自己抗体:ANA、抗カルジオリピン
b.細胞性免疫
i.ナチュラルキラー
c.細胞表面マーカー
d.細胞性サイトカイン
(研究検討)
1.慢性処置、異常:25匹のオスBXSB(コントロール+4つの処置群)の群を、15週間の期間にわたり、M/W/FにおいてPAで処置し、定期的に集団から離して(peel−off)屠殺した(通常処置3週間毎)。
PA量を、8ログにわたる濃度(1μG/注射から10−7μG/注射まで)でBXSBに投与した。この結果は、二つの最適なPAを示す(一方は0.01μG/注射、もう一方は10−5μG/注射)。用量応答曲線の形は、ガウス曲線である。明確にするために、提示されたデータは,10−5μG/注射についてである(図1)。
BXSBマウスモデルの種々の器官の組織学的な悪化は、複合自己免疫不全疾患の特徴である。この症候群は、複数の様相を有し、多数の器官に関わる。器官損傷は進行性であり、そして、個々の損傷は組織型によって変化し得る。
本実施例は、PAが、脾臓拡大および脾細胞数の阻害によって反映される、脾臓における免疫調節活性(例えば、増殖、アポトーシスまたは分化)を有することを示すデータについて説明する。
本実施例は、BXSB動物が異常な脾細胞の分化または増殖またはアポトーシスを表すことを示すデータについて説明する。従って、このデータは、BXSB脾臓におけるPA活性が、異常な/不完全な脾細胞の分化または脾細胞の増殖/アポトーシスを再調節する(すなわち、正常な細胞増殖またはアポトーシスを回復する)ことを包含することを示す。
本実施例は、PAがおそらくBXSB動物における組織破壊の原因となるようである自己抗体の量を減少させることを示すデータについて説明する。
本実施例は、PAがBXSBマウスの細胞傷害性応答を減少させ、この応答を基準レベルに、または基準レベル付近に再調節することを示すデータについて説明する。
Protocols in Immunology,3.11,Assays for
T cell Functionに含まれる。
本実施例は、PAが、リンパ系系列の細胞の細胞分化、増殖またはアポトーシスの調節を反映する、CDマーカーの発現を調節することを示すデータについて説明する。
Claims (1)
- 明細書に記載の発明。
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| US9370552B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
| US20030211986A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
| JP2014024865A (ja) | 2014-02-06 |
| US20140093539A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
| WO2003086317A2 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
| EP1499345A4 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
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| AU2003220085A1 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
| US7807170B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
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| AU2003220085A8 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
| US20110064762A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
| CA2481282A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
| JP4598404B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
| EP2570136B1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| CA2894098A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
| EP1499345B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
| EP2570136A3 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
| US8603486B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
| ES2586120T3 (es) | 2016-10-11 |
| US20120294895A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
| JP5523796B2 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
| CA2481282C (en) | 2016-12-13 |
| CA2894098C (en) | 2016-12-06 |
| EP1499345A2 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
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