JP2010025677A - Method and device for measuring contact force of pantograph - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and device for determining a reaction force acting on a contact strip in order to obtain a contact force between a contact wire and a pantagraph. <P>SOLUTION: A guide section 15 projecting downward is formed in each of the contact strips 13 of a pan 10. A collector head 1 includes a slider 5 sliding with a sliding head 16 of a guide 15 and a stopper 7 on which the guide 15 abuts. A strain gauge 55 is stuck on the guide 15, strain when the guide 15 section comes into contact with the stopper 7 is measured, thereby detecting the reaction force generated in the guide 15 when the guide 15 comes into contact with the stopper 7 and the reaction force generated by sliding with the slider 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring a contact force acting between a trolley wire and a pantograph sliding plate in an electric railway. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring a reaction force acting on each sliding plate out of forces acting on a sliding plate body in a pantograph having a multi-split sliding plate.

  In a high-speed railway vehicle having a speed of 300 km / h or higher, such as a Shinkansen, the introduction of a hull having a multi-split sliding plate is being considered as one means for ensuring good current collecting performance. A boat body having a multi-partitioning plate is one in which a plurality of short sliding plates are arranged in a keyboard shape in the left-right direction of the vehicle and elastically supported for each sliding plate. With such a structure, the mass of the member that slides directly with the trolley wire can be reduced as much as possible, so that the followability of the pantograph is improved. Such a pantograph is considered to be put to practical use in the future.

1A and 1B are diagrams for schematically explaining an example of a boat body having a multi-split sliding plate, FIG. 1A is a front view, and FIG. 1B is a side view. In addition, a front view is a figure seen in the rail longitudinal direction vertical cross section, and the left-right direction of a vehicle turns into the left-right direction of a figure. Further, the side view is a view from the side of the vehicle, and the front-rear direction of the vehicle is the left-right direction of the drawing.
As shown in FIG. 1A, a sliding plate body 10 is elastically supported in the vertical direction by a plurality of fine movement springs 3 in the boat body 1 of this example. The hull 1 is a box-like one that extends long in the left-right direction of the vehicle and has an open upper surface. As shown in FIG. 1B, a resin slider 5 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the front and rear side walls of the boat body 1. Furthermore, a stopper 7 extending in the left-right direction is bridged at a substantially central height position inside the hull 1. The stopper 7 regulates the upward movement of the sliding plate 10 as will be described later. A hole through which the fine movement spring 3 is passed is formed in a portion below each sliding plate 13 of the stopper 7.

  The sliding plate 10 includes a copper plate 11 that extends long in the left-right direction of the vehicle, and a rubber plate 12 that is affixed on the copper plate 11. The copper plate 11 is for constituting an energization path. On the rubber plate 12, twelve independent sliding plates 13 are arranged in a keyboard shape in the left-right direction of the vehicle. The sliding plate 13 is made of, for example, an Fe-based sintered alloy, and has a width of 30 to 40 mm and a length of about 40 to 60 mm. The distance between adjacent sliding plates 13 is, for example, 2 to 3 mm. The sliding plate 13 includes 10 main sliding plates 13a at the center and two auxiliary sliding plates 13b at the left and right ends. One auxiliary sliding plate is fixed, and the other auxiliary sliding plate is movable. On the lower surface of the copper plate 11, one guide 15 is fixed to each of the sliding plates 13. As shown in FIG. 1 (B), the guide 15 has a U-shaped side surface opened upward, and has a bottom plate and front and rear side plates.

  The fine movement spring 3 is provided between adjacent sliding plates 13. The spring 3 has an upper end fixed to the copper plate 11 of the sliding plate body 10 and extends downward through a hole formed in the stopper 7 and a hole formed in the bottom plate of the guide 15, and a lower end of the spring body 1. It is fixed to the bottom plate. When the sliding plate 10 moves in the vertical direction, the slider 5 slides with the front and rear walls of the guide 15. By providing such a slider 5, the frictional force between the guide 15 and the boat body 1 is reduced.

  Even in a pantograph having such a multi-divided sliding plate, it is required to measure the contact force between the pantograph and the trolley wire as a countermeasure for reducing the wear of the sliding plate and separating the sliding plate from the trolley wire. In a boat body having such a multi-partial sliding plate, the main forces among the vertical forces acting on the sliding plate body are 1) the contact force between the trolley wire and the pantograph, and 2) the sliding plate. Reaction force, 3) Inertial force and lift force of the sliding plate body, and these forces are always balanced. In order to obtain the contact force, 2) the reaction force acting on the sliding plate, and 3) the inertial force and lift of the sliding plate body may be measured.

  Therefore, the present inventor obtains the reaction force of the spring that supports each sliding plate with respect to the hull, obtains the relative displacement of the sliding plate with respect to the hull based on the reaction force, and performs second order differentiation to obtain the relative acceleration. A method of calculating and obtaining an inertial force based on relative acceleration is being developed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). The spring reaction force can be measured using a strain gauge or the like. The lift force can be estimated from the lift coefficient obtained by the wind tunnel experiment and the traveling speed, as in the conventional contact force measurement.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-19220 Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-19237

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for obtaining a reaction force acting on a sliding plate in order to obtain a contact force between a trolley wire and a pantograph.

  According to the pantograph contact force measuring method of the present invention, a multi-part sliding plate that contacts a trolley wire, a fine movement spring that urges the sliding plate in the trolley line direction, and the fine movement spring are fixed. A pantograph comprising: a boat body that holds the sliding plate body so as to be vertically slidable; and a method for measuring a contact force of the sliding plate body with respect to the trolley line, and measuring a spring reaction force of the fine movement spring, The vertical force component of the frictional force and the contact force between the sliding plate body and the boat body is measured, and the contact force is obtained by adding the vertical component of the frictional force and the contact force to the spring reaction force. It is characterized by.

  In the present invention, the relative acceleration of the sliding plate body with respect to the boat body is obtained, the inertial force of the sliding plate body is obtained based on the relative acceleration, and the frictional force is added to the reaction force and the inertial force. It is preferable to obtain the contact force in consideration of the vertical component of the force and the contact force.

  In a boat body having a multi-part sliding plate, the vertical force acting on the sliding plate body is 1) the contact force between the trolley wire and the pantograph, 2) the reaction force acting on the sliding plate, and 3) the sliding plate body. Inertia force and lift force, and these forces are always balanced. Therefore, if 2) the reaction force acting on the sliding plate, 3) the inertial force of the sliding plate body, and 4) the lift force can be obtained, the contact force can be obtained.

  A more specific aspect of the pantograph contact force measuring method of the present invention is as follows. Each of the sliding plates of the sliding plate body is provided with a guide portion protruding downward, and the boat body is provided with the guide portion. A sliding part that slides and a stopper part that contacts the guide part are formed, a strain gauge is attached to the guide part, and by measuring the strain when the guide part comes into contact with the stopper, A reaction force generated in the guide portion when the guide portion contacts the stopper and a reaction force generated by sliding with the slide portion are detected.

The above-mentioned 2) reaction force acting on the sliding plate includes: 2-1) reaction force due to a fine movement spring, 2-2) reaction force due to bending of a rubber plate or a copper plate, and 2-3) reaction force generated in a guide. included. Furthermore, 2-3) the reaction force generated in the guide is 2-3-1) the reaction force generated when the guide comes into contact with the stopper, and 2-3-2) when the guide and the slider are in sliding contact. The reaction force generated is classified.
According to the present invention, by measuring strain when the guide portion comes into contact with the stopper, 2-3-1) reaction force generated in the guide portion when the guide portion comes into contact with the stopper, and 2-3-3- 2) The reaction force generated by sliding between the guide portion and the slide portion can be obtained.

  In the present invention, a notch constricted inward from the side edge of the guide portion is provided at a substantially central portion in the height direction of the guide portion, and a constricted portion with a narrow width of the guide portion is formed, It is preferable that the reaction force generated by sliding between the guide portion and the slider portion is measured by attaching the strain gauge to the constricted portion and measuring the strain of the strain gauge.

  When the constricted portion is formed in the guide portion, the force concentrates on the same portion. Therefore, even if the guide portion and the slider portion slide on any surface of the guide portion, the strain can be accurately measured.

  Further, when the guide portion is formed with a protrusion facing the stopper portion or the bottom of the hull, the guide portion and the stopper portion come into contact with each other, so that the measurement gain is constant when measuring the reaction force. be able to.

  In the present invention, a leaf spring is bridged on the bottom surface of the boat body, a lower end of the fine motion spring is fixed to the leaf spring, and a reaction force of the fine motion spring is obtained by measuring a strain of the leaf spring. .

In the above invention, it is preferable to use an FBG optical fiber sensor as the strain gauge.
As will be described in detail later, the FGB sensor is an optical fiber having a periodic refractive index change by irradiating an optical fiber doped with a predetermined substance with ultraviolet rays. And it has the characteristic of reflecting only the Bragg wavelength proportional to the period of refractive power modulation. When strain is applied in the length direction of the FGB, the Bragg wavelength changes, and the amount of change changes linearly with the amount of strain. Therefore, it can be used as a strain sensor by reading the wavelength of reflected light. That is, by arranging a plurality of FGBs having different Bragg wavelengths in series in one optical fiber, strains at a plurality of points can be detected simultaneously. Therefore, since a single optical fiber type sensor can be used instead of attaching a strain sensor to each guide portion, the measuring apparatus can be simplified.

  The contact force measuring device for a pantograph of the present invention includes a multi-part sliding plate that contacts a trolley wire, a fine movement spring that urges the sliding plate in the trolley line direction, and the fine movement spring is fixed. A pantograph comprising: a boat body that holds the sliding plate body so as to be vertically slidable; and a device that measures a contact force of the sliding plate body with respect to the trolley wire, the means for measuring a spring reaction force of the fine movement spring And means for measuring a vertical component of a frictional force and a contact force between the sliding plate body and the boat body.

  According to a specific aspect of the contact force measuring device for a pantograph of the present invention, a guide portion protruding downward is formed on each of the sliding plates of the sliding plate body, and the sliding of the guide portion is formed on the boat body. A sliding portion that is in contact with the guide portion, and a strain gauge that measures the strain of the guide portion, and the strain portion when the guide portion contacts the stopper Strain is measured, and a reaction force generated in the guide portion when the guide portion contacts the stopper and a reaction force generated by sliding with the slide portion are detected.

As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, in the pantograph having a multi-part sliding plate, it is an indispensable element for knowing the contact force of the pantograph by measuring the strain generated in each sliding plate. The reaction force acting on each sliding plate can be obtained more accurately. Moreover, since the optical fiber provided with the FGB sensor is used for strain measurement of each sliding plate, the measurement system can be simplified as compared with the case where the strain sensor is attached to each sliding plate.
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BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
As mentioned above, the main force in the vertical direction acting on the sliding plate is:
1) Contact force between trolley wire and pantograph,
2) Reaction force acting on the sliding plate,
3) Inertial force of sliding plate 4) Lift,
And these forces are always balanced.
In the present invention, 2) the reaction force acting on the sliding plate is obtained more accurately than before.
2) The reaction force acting on the sliding plate is
2-1) Reaction force by a fine spring,
2-2) Reaction force due to bending of rubber plate or copper plate,
2-3) Reaction force generated in the guide,
There is.
Furthermore, 2-3) the reaction force generated in the guide is
2-3-1) Reaction force generated when the guide contacts the stopper,
2-3-2) Reaction force generated when the guide and slider come into sliding contact,
And divided.

First, 2-1) A method for measuring the reaction force by the fine spring will be described.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view for explaining a method of measuring a reaction force by a fine movement spring. In addition, illustration of a guide is abbreviate | omitted in the figure.
A support column 21 is erected near the front and rear ends of the bottom surface of the boat body 1, and a spring spring 23 made of spring steel is bridged between the support columns 21. Then, the upper end of the fine spring 3 is fixed to the bottom surface of the sliding plate body 10, and the lower end is fixed to the central portion of the plate spring 23. Further, strain gauges 25 are attached to the front and rear sides of the portion P of the plate spring 23 where the lower end of the fine movement spring 3 is fixed. With the strain gauge 25, the strain generated in the leaf spring 23 due to the expansion and contraction of the fine movement spring 3 is measured to measure the reaction force. When the sliding plate 13 is tilted, a bending moment is generated at a fixed point P between the fine movement spring 3 and the plate spring 23. Therefore, strain gauges 25 are attached to both sides of the fixed point P in order to cancel the influence.

  Next, regarding 2-2) reaction force due to bending of a rubber plate or a copper plate, since it becomes an internal force when viewed as a whole sliding plate body, it is not necessary to measure for contact force measurement. However, the bending reaction force generated at both ends of the rubber plate and the copper plate acts on the sliding plate body as an external force. Therefore, the bending moment generated in the rubber plate and the copper plate is estimated from the amount of expansion and contraction of the fine spring, and the reaction force due to the bending of the rubber plate and the copper plate is obtained.

Next, a method for obtaining 2-3-1) a reaction force generated when the guide contacts the stopper and 2-3-2) a reaction force generated when the guide and the slider are in sliding contact with each other will be described. .
3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining the principle of a method for obtaining a reaction force generated when the guide comes into contact with the stopper. FIG. 3A is a front view and FIG. 3B is a side view.
First, the biaxial strain gauges 31 are respectively attached to the outer surfaces of the front and rear side walls of the guide 15. The strain gauge 31 has two detectors 31a and 31b that are orthogonal to each other. A compressive load or a tensile load was applied to the bottom surface of the guide 15, and strain was measured with these gauges 31.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the measurement results. The vertical axis represents the strain amount (μSt), and the horizontal axis represents the load (N). Further, the thick solid line indicates the measurement value of the horizontal direction detection unit 31a, and the thick dotted line indicates the measurement value of the vertical direction detection unit 31b.
As can be seen from the graph, the strain amount is almost linear in both the compressive load and the tensile load. That is, it was confirmed that if the strain generated in the front and rear walls of the guide 15 is measured, the reaction force of the guide caused by contact with the stopper can be obtained.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining another example of a method for obtaining a reaction force generated when the guide contacts the stopper and a reaction force generated when the guide and the slider are in sliding contact.
The reaction force generated when the guide 15 comes into contact with the stopper 7 can be measured by attaching the strain gauges 55 to the front and rear side plates of the guide 15 as described above. In this example, the reaction force is shown in FIG. As described above, the protrusions 51 and 52 having sharp tips are provided at the centers of the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom plate of the guide 15. By providing this projection 51, the guide 15 always hits the stopper 5 with the projection 51, so that the measurement gain can be made constant. In addition, the protrusion 52 provided on the lower surface of the bottom plate is a portion that hits the bottom 1b of the boat body 1 as a downward stopper.

  Next, in order to obtain more accurately the reaction force generated when the guide 15 is in sliding contact with the slider 5, as shown in FIG. 5A, the front and rear side plates of the guide 15 are constricted from the side edges to the inside. A notch 15a is provided to form a narrow portion 15b. Then, a biaxial strain gauge 55 is attached to the narrow portion 15b. Further, a sliding portion 16 is provided below the strain gauge 55 on the front and rear side plates of the guide 15, and the sliding portion 16 is slid with the slider 5 of the boat body 1.

  When a narrow portion 15b is formed on the front and rear walls of the guide 15, stress concentrates on the portion 15b. By attaching the strain gauge 55 to the portion 15b, the strain can be accurately measured regardless of where the sliding frictional force between the guide 15 and the slider 5 is generated.

  The above measurement needs to be performed for each of the sliding plates. Therefore, an FGB (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensor can be used as a strain gauge. The FGB sensor is an optical fiber in which an optical fiber having a core doped with germanium or the like has a periodic refractive index change by irradiating ultraviolet rays. And it has the characteristic of reflecting only the Bragg wavelength proportional to the period of refractive power modulation. When strain is applied in the length direction of the FGB, the Bragg wavelength changes, and the amount of change changes linearly with the amount of strain. For this reason, it can utilize as a strain sensor by reading the wavelength of the reflected light from FGB. Further, by arranging a plurality of FGBs having different Bragg wavelengths in series on one optical fiber, strains at a plurality of points can be detected simultaneously.

  That is, in this example, a strain sensor is not attached to each guide, but a single optical fiber type sensor is used, so that the measuring apparatus can be simplified.

It is a figure which illustrates an example of the boat body which has a multi-partitioning board, FIG. 1 (A) is a front view, FIG.1 (B) is a side view. It is a typical side view explaining the method of measuring the reaction force by a fine movement spring. It is a figure explaining the principle of the method of calculating | requiring the reaction force which generate | occur | produces when a guide contacts a stopper, FIG. 3 (A) is a front view, FIG.3 (B) is a side view. It is a graph which shows a measurement result. It is a figure explaining the other example of the method of calculating | requiring the reaction force generate | occur | produced when a guide contacts a stopper, and the reaction force generate | occur | produced when a guide and a slider contact.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Boat body 3 Fine spring 5 Slider 7 Stopper 10 Sliding plate body 11 Copper plate 12 Rubber plate 13 Sliding plate 15 Guide 16 Sliding part 21 Strut 23 Plate spring 25, 31, 55 Strain sensor 51, 52 Protrusion

Claims (9)

A multi-part sliding plate that contacts the trolley wire, a fine movement spring that biases the sliding plate in the direction of the trolley line, and the fine movement spring is fixed, and the slide plate is held so as to be slidable up and down. A pantograph comprising a boat body, and a method for measuring a contact force of the sliding plate body with respect to the trolley wire,
Measure the spring reaction force of the fine spring,
Measure the vertical component of the frictional force and contact force between the sliding plate and the boat body,
A method for measuring a contact force of a pantograph, wherein the contact force is obtained by adding the vertical direction component of the friction force and contact force to the spring reaction force. Furthermore, the relative acceleration of the sliding plate body with respect to the boat body is obtained,
Obtain the inertial force of the sliding plate based on the relative acceleration,
2. The pantograph contact force measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the contact force is obtained by adding up the vertical force component of the friction force and the contact force to the sum of the reaction force and the inertia force. Each of the sliding plates of the sliding plate body is formed with a guide portion protruding downward,
The boat body is formed with a sliding portion on which the guide portion slides, and a stopper portion on which the guide portion abuts,
By attaching a strain gauge to the guide part and measuring the strain when the guide part comes into contact with the stopper, the reaction force generated in the guide part when the guide part comes into contact with the stopper and the slide The method for measuring a contact force of a pantograph according to claim 1, wherein a reaction force generated by sliding with the part is detected. A notch constricted inward from the side edge of the guide portion is provided at a substantially central portion in the height direction of the guide portion to form a constricted portion with a narrow width of the guide portion,
4. The reaction force generated by sliding between the guide portion and the slider portion is measured by attaching the strain gauge to the constricted portion and measuring the strain of the same portion. The contact force measurement method of the described pantograph.   The pantograph contact force measuring method according to claim 3, wherein a protrusion facing the stopper portion or the bottom surface of the hull is formed on the guide portion. A leaf spring is bridged over the bottom of the hull, and the lower end of the fine movement spring is fixed to the leaf spring,
The pantograph contact force measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a reaction force of the fine spring is obtained by measuring a strain of the leaf spring.   The pantograph contact force measuring method according to claim 3, wherein an FBG optical fiber sensor is used as the strain gauge. A multi-part sliding plate that contacts the trolley wire, a fine movement spring that biases the sliding plate in the direction of the trolley line, and the fine movement spring is fixed, and the slide plate is held so as to be slidable up and down. A pantograph comprising a boat body, and a device for measuring a contact force of the sliding plate body with respect to the trolley wire,
Means for measuring a spring reaction force of the fine movement spring;
Means for measuring a vertical component of a frictional force and a contact force between the sliding plate body and the boat body;
A pantograph contact force measuring device comprising: Each of the sliding plates of the sliding plate body is formed with a guide portion protruding downward,
The boat body is formed with a sliding portion on which the guide portion slides, and a stopper portion on which the guide portion abuts,
A strain gauge for measuring the strain of the guide portion; the strain gauge measures strain when the guide portion comes into contact with the stopper; and when the guide portion comes into contact with the stopper, 9. The pantograph contact force measuring device according to claim 8, wherein a reaction force generated and a reaction force generated by sliding with the slide portion are detected.

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