JP2010023032A - Swirl type cyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a swirl type cyclone capable of effectively recovering coarse particles. <P>SOLUTION: The swirl type cyclone 11 selectively separate recovers coarse particles 41 mainly positioning in the larger-diameter side of the total particle diameter distribution and medium particles 42 having a medium diameter, of a particle group having the particle diameter distribution from fine particles 40 contained in a gas 20 to the coarse particles 41, from the gas 20 using swirl flow C, wherein the swirl type cyclone includes a cyclone body 30 having a cylindrical outer cylinder part 30a, a gas inflow tube 32 arranged in the upper end part of the outer cylinder part 30a so that its extending direction is parallel to the tangential direction of the outer cylinder part 30a, and a coarse-particle discharge tube 33 communicating with an opening 33a opened at the sidewall of the outer cylinder part 30a, and the opening 33a is arranged on a straight passage of the gas 20 flowing in from the gas inflow tube 32. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to the separation and recovery of particles from a gas containing particles, and in particular, swirl capable of selectively recovering particles from a gas containing particles having a particle distribution from fine particles to coarse particles. Related to type cyclone.

  Conventionally, the particles contained in the gas have a high efficiency and a high removal rate, as represented by the processing of the generated gas from a combustion apparatus such as a coal gasifier and the dust processing in a ceramic factory, cement factory, etc. Separation and recovery technology is an important issue in various industries. In general, particles contained in a gas are separated by using one or a combination of gravity, inertial force, centrifugal force, diffusion, electrostatic force, etc., and the particle size, particle properties, gas, It is appropriately selected depending on the particle concentration in the medium.

  Among them, as a means for removing fine particles in a gas, a filter that separates and collects particles by filtration is often used. The filter used in the particle recovery device has a structure with a large number of pores and can capture even fine particles with a very small particle size, so it can be used in combination with dust collectors such as cyclones and electric dust collectors. It is often arranged on the rear side. Particles trapped in the filter are accumulated inside or on the surface of the filter, and as the operation proceeds, clogging occurs and the differential pressure before and after the filter increases. Therefore, normally, when the pressure loss of the gas flow reaches a predetermined value, the high-pressure gas is instantaneously flowed in the reverse direction through the filter to perform reverse cleaning to separate and remove the particles.

However, in the filter disposed on the rear side, coarse particles having a large particle diameter are collected on the front side, so that only fine particles are mainly captured, and the filter is easily clogged. Become. That is, fine particles accumulate inside or on the surface of the filter, and it is necessary to perform maintenance such as reverse cleaning in a short period of time, resulting in a deterioration in processing efficiency. In addition, in the case of a filter that captures only fine particles, there is also a problem that the removal efficiency is poor when performing reverse cleaning.
Therefore, a char recovery system applied to a coal gasification power plant is known as a system that suitably performs such particle recovery (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
There is also known a particle recovery apparatus that attempts to solve the problems of this char recovery system (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2000-325730 A JP 2003-336080 A

In the char recovery system disclosed in Patent Document 1, coarse granular unreacted char is recovered with a cyclone from the product gas generated in the gasification furnace, and then the fine char is filtered with a filter installed on the downstream side. is doing. Furthermore, a bypass line from the gasification furnace to the filter is provided to supply coarse granular char directly to the filter. Thereby, the permeability of the char cake trapped on the filter surface is made good, and the backwash effect is kept good.
However, in such a char recovery system, it is necessary to provide a control box for controlling the gas flow rate in order to extract the generated gas from the gasification furnace and bypass it to the filter, and the control becomes complicated. In addition, the particles contained in the bypassed product gas contain a lot of particles other than coarse particles, and if the amount of coarse particles that exhibits the effect of suppressing the increase in pressure loss is bypassed, the load on the filter is excessively applied. There is a fear. Furthermore, since it is necessary to provide a bypass line, there is a problem that the apparatus is inevitably complicated.

  Therefore, there is a particle recovery device disclosed in Patent Document 2 which attempts to solve these problems. In this particle recovery device, the coarse char (coarse particles) has an opening on the straight path. Can be fed from the opening to the porous filter through the inner cylinder, and coarse char that does not have an opening on the straight path is collected from the char discharge port to the hopper along with the intermediate char It has come to be. Since the opening is located substantially flush with the inner surface of the side wall on the inner side of the gas inlet pipe (on the central axis side of the inner cylinder), the coarse char cannot be recovered efficiently. There is a problem that the char-containing gas containing a large amount of can not be supplied to the porous filter.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a swirl type cyclone capable of efficiently collecting coarse particles.

The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
The swirl type cyclone according to claim 1 is a particle group having a particle distribution from fine particles to coarse particles contained in a gas, and has coarse particles and an intermediate diameter mainly located on the large diameter side of the total particle size distribution. A cyclonic cyclone that selectively separates and recovers the intermediate particles from the gas using a swirling flow, and a cyclone main body having a cylindrical outer cylinder portion, and an upper end portion of the outer cylinder portion, A gas inflow pipe arranged so that an extending direction is parallel to a tangential direction of the outer cylinder part, and a coarse particle discharge pipe communicating with an open port opened in a side wall of the outer cylinder part. The opening is provided on a straight path of the gas flowing in from the gas inflow pipe.
According to such a swirl type cyclone, the mass of particles contained in the gas and introduced into the outer cylindrical portion is large and easily affected by swirl flow (the centrifugal force generated by swirl flow is large). The particles are pressed against the inner wall surface (side wall inner surface) of the outer cylinder portion by the swirling flow, travel along the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder portion, and then flow out of the coarse particle discharge pipe through the opening. .
On the other hand, particles other than the coarse particles (intermediate particles and fine particles) are not affected by the swirl flow as much as the coarse particles (the centrifugal force generated by the swirl flow is not large). It takes time to reach the inner wall surface (the inner wall of the side wall), and it does not flow out of the coarse particle discharge pipe through the open port near the gas inflow pipe. In addition, since the fine particles have a greater gas resistance than the centrifugal force, they do not arrive at the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder portion and are discharged out of the system together with the gas.
In addition, according to such a swirl type cyclone, since the opening is provided on the straight path of the gas flowing in from the gas inflow pipe, coarse particles having a large inertia force (strong in straightness) are directed toward the opening. It will flow out of the coarse particle discharge pipe through the opening.

The revolving cyclone according to claim 2 is characterized in that it includes an opening opening changing means for changing the opening of the opening.
According to such a swirl type cyclone, when the inlet dust concentration is high, when the cyclone efficiency is low, or when the differential pressure of the (porous) filter located downstream is high, the opening is made large. When the inlet dust concentration is low, the cyclone efficiency is high, or the differential pressure of the (porous) filter is low, the opening is made small.

The swing type cyclone according to claim 3 is characterized in that the opening opening changing means is a gate valve.
According to such a swing type cyclone, an inexpensive and easily available gate valve is employed as the opening opening degree changing means.

A coal gasification combined cycle power generation system according to claim 4 includes the swirling cyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a filter to which coarse particles recovered by the swirling cyclone are supplied. It is characterized by becoming.
According to such a coal gasification combined power generation system, a gas containing a large amount of coarse particles recovered by a swirl type cyclone is supplied to the filter, and the pressure loss of the filter is reduced. .

A pressurized fluidized bed boiler combined power generation system according to claim 5 is a swirling cyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and a filter to which coarse particles recovered by the swirling cyclone are supplied. It is characterized by comprising.
According to such a pressurized fluidized bed boiler combined power generation system, the gas containing a large amount of coarse particles recovered by the swirling cyclone is supplied to the filter, and the pressure loss of the filter can be reduced. become.

  According to the present invention, there is an effect that coarse particles can be efficiently recovered.

1 is an overall perspective view showing an embodiment of a swivel cyclone according to the present invention. It is a whole perspective view which shows other embodiment of the turning type cyclone by this invention. It is a whole perspective view which shows another embodiment of the turning type cyclone by this invention. It is a principal part schematic block diagram of the coal gasification combined cycle system provided with the turning type cyclone by this invention.

  Hereinafter, a specific example applied to a coal gasification combined power generation system including a coal gasification furnace according to an embodiment of a swirl type cyclone according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, and are merely illustrative examples. Only.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a main part of the coal gasification combined power generation system. The coal gasification combined power generation system 1 includes a coal gasification furnace 10, a swivel cyclone 11, a porous filter 12, a hopper 13, The gas purification equipment 14, the heat exchanger 15, the combined power generation equipment (not shown), and the common equipment (not shown) are configured as main elements.

  The coal gasification furnace 10 is an air blown pressurized two-stage entrained bed coal gasification furnace composed of a reductor 16 and a combustor 17. In the combustor 17, pulverized coal (coal) 27, char and air 26, and oxygen as necessary. After the enriched air is introduced and high-temperature combustion is performed, pulverized coal (coal) 27 is further introduced into the upper reductor 16 and gasified by dry distillation using the high-temperature combustion of the combustor 17.

The swirl type cyclone 11 is a cyclone using a swirl flow that captures coarse char (coarse particles) and intermediate char (intermediate particles) from the produced gas (gas) 20 produced by the coal gasification furnace 10. As shown in FIG. 1, the cyclone main body 30, the inner cylinder 31, a product gas inflow pipe (gas inflow pipe) 32, and a coarse char discharge pipe (coarse particle discharge pipe) 33 are provided.
The cyclone main body 30 has a cylindrical outer cylinder part 30a located above and a conical outer cylinder part 30b located below, and the inside thereof is configured to be hollow.
The inner cylinder 31 has a hollow cylindrical shape that penetrates through the center of the upper surface of the outer cylinder portion 30 a, and the gas discharge port 31 a provided at the lower end of the inner cylinder 31 is substantially the same position as the bottom surface of the generated gas inflow pipe 32. Or it is provided so that it may be located in a lower position.
The generated gas inflow pipe 32 is arranged at the upper end of the outer cylinder part 30a so that the extending direction thereof is perpendicular to the extending direction of the inner cylinder 31 (that is, the extending direction is tangent to the outer cylinder part 30a). It is hollow) and has a rectangular shape in cross section.
The coarse char discharge pipe 33 has a hollow cylindrical shape having an open port 33a on the side surface at the upper end of the outer cylinder part 30a (in this embodiment, the position facing the outlet hole 32a of the product gas inflow pipe 32). The opening 33a is a through hole having a substantially circular shape when viewed from the front.

The product gas 20 introduced into the swirl type cyclone 11 via the product gas inflow pipe 32 descends while swirling mainly inside the outer cylinder portions 30a and 30b of the cyclone main body 30, and then reversely rises to exhaust gas. It flows out from the inner cylinder 31 through the outlet 31a.
At this time, among the chars transferred to the product gas 20 and introduced into the cyclone 11, the fine char (fine particles) 40 has a small mass and is not easily influenced by the swirl flow C (the centrifugal force generated by the swirl flow C is small). Therefore, it flows out from the gas outlet 31a into the inner cylinder 31 together with the generated gas 20.
On the other hand, among the chars transferred to the product gas 20 and introduced into the cyclone 11, the coarse char 41 has a large mass and is easily affected by the swirl flow C (the centrifugal force generated by the swirl flow C is large). The swirl flow C pushes against the inner wall surface (side wall inner surface) of the outer cylinder part 30a and proceeds along the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder part 30a, and discharges the coarse char together with the product gas 20 through the open port 33a. It flows out from the pipe 33.
Further, the intermediate grain char 42 that has not been collected by the inner cylinder 31 and the coarse char discharge pipe 33 settles while turning inside or on the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder part 30a, 30b of the cyclone main body 30, and the char discharge port 30b ′. To the hopper 13.

The porous filter 12 captures the remaining char (fine char 40 and coarse char 41) 23 from the fine and coarse char-containing gas 21 discharged from the swivel cyclone 11, and the captured residual char 23 is the hopper. 13 is collected.
The hopper 13 collects and stores the char captured by the swivel cyclone 11 and the porous filter 12. The unreacted char 24 stored in the hopper 13 is returned to the coal gasification furnace 10 and used again for combustion.
On the other hand, the clean gas 25 from which the remaining char is substantially completely removed by the porous filter 12 is sent to the gas purification facility 14.

The purification facility 14 includes a desulfurization facility (not shown) and a gypsum recovery facility (not shown). The desulfurization facility removes coal-derived sulfur S content (eg, H ₂ S, COS, etc.) contained in the product gas from the product gas. As this removal method, wet desulfurization is applied. The gypsum recovery facility mixes the removed sulfur S with calcium carbonate CaCO ₃ , immobilizes it on gypsum and recovers it. And desulfurization equipment supplies refined gas from which sulfur S content was removed to combined power generation equipment.
The heat exchanger 15 cools the generated gas generated by the coal gasification furnace 10 to about 400 ° C. At this time, the heat recovered by the heat exchanger 15 is supplied to the steam turbine of the combined power generation facility. And used for power generation.

The combined power generation facility includes a combustor (not shown), a gas turbine (not shown), an exhaust heat recovery boiler (not shown), a steam turbine (not shown), and a generator (not shown). And.
The combustor mixes compressed air with purified gas and burns it to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas.
The gas turbine transmits power to a generator by rotating the turbine with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas.
The exhaust heat recovery boiler generates high-temperature and high-pressure steam using the exhaust (waste heat) of the gas turbine.
The steam turbine uses high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler and the heat exchanger 15 to rotate the turbine and transmit power to the generator.
The generator generates electric power using supplied power.

The common equipment includes a chimney (not shown), an air booster (not shown), and an air separation device (not shown).
The chimney exhausts the combustion products discharged from the coal gasification combined power generation system 1 into the environment (in the atmosphere).
The air booster further compresses the compressed air extracted from the compressor of the gas turbine to generate high-pressure air, and supplies the high-pressure air to the coal gasification furnace 10.
The air separation device separates air into gaseous oxygen O ₂ and gaseous nitrogen N _2, and the separated nitrogen N ₂ is used for conveying coal and char to the coal gasification furnace 1, pressurizing and Used for sealing. A predetermined amount of oxygen O ₂ is supplied to the coal gasifier 1 with respect to the coal.

By configuring the swivel cyclone 11 as described above, it is possible to collect more coarse char 41 than the conventional one, and to send the char-containing gas containing a large amount of coarse char 41 to the porous filter 12. While being able to supply, the pressure loss of this porous filter 12 can be reduced.
In addition, since the coarse char discharge pipe 33 can collect a larger amount of the coarse char 41, the particles that descend while turning inside the outer cylinder portions 30a and 30b of the cyclone main body 30 can be obtained. Since the amount is reduced and the friction coefficient between the particles and the inner wall surfaces of the outer cylinder portions 30a and 30b of the cyclone main body 30 is reduced, the speed of the swirling flow C can be increased and the cyclone efficiency can be improved. it can.

Another embodiment of the swivel cyclone according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The revolving cyclone 211 in the present embodiment is provided with an opening 233a instead of the opening 33a, and the opening position changing means 50 and the opening 50a formed in the opening position changing means 50 are opened. It differs from the thing of embodiment mentioned above by the point that the opening opening degree change means 51 which changes a degree is comprised. Since other components are the same as those in the above-described embodiment, description of these components is omitted here.
In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the member same as embodiment mentioned above. Further, in FIG. 2, the coarse char discharge pipe 33 is not shown in order to simplify the drawing.

The opening (through hole) 233a formed in the outer cylinder part 230a of the cyclone main body 230 is, for example, a long hole extending in the vertical direction.
The opening position changing means 50 is, for example, a gate valve having a circular opening 50a formed at the center thereof, and is arranged so that the entire opening 50a and a part of the opening 233a are always in communication. In addition, it is configured to be able to move independently in the vertical direction as indicated by solid arrows in the figure.
That is, the position of the opening 50a can be changed (adjusted) in the vertical direction by the opening position changing means 50 and the opening 233a. Specifically, when the flow rate of the product gas 20 flowing in through the product gas inflow pipe 32 is high, the height of the opening 50a is set to the same height as the outlet of the product gas inflow pipe 32, and the product gas 20 When the flow rate is low, the height of the opening 50a is lowered below the outlet of the product gas inflow pipe 32.

On the other hand, the opening opening degree changing means 51 is, for example, a gate valve in which a through hole 51a extending in the vertical direction is formed at the center in the circumferential direction, and the through hole 51a is located outside the opening 50a. They are arranged so as to overlap (overlapping) and can be moved independently in the vertical direction as indicated by solid line arrows in the figure.
The through hole 51a is different from the opening 233a in which the inner diameter is constant from one end side (upper side in the figure) to the other end side (lower side in the figure), and the inner diameter is one end side (upper side in the figure). It has the same inner diameter as the inner diameter of the opening 50a, has an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the opening 50a on the other end side (lower side in the figure), and the inner diameter tapers from one end side to the other end side. Is formed.
That is, the opening degree of the opening 50a can be changed (adjusted) by the through hole 51a and the opening 233a of the opening opening degree changing means 51. Specifically, when the inlet dust concentration is high, when the cyclone efficiency is low, or when the differential pressure of the porous filter 12 is high, the opening 50a is made large so that the inlet dust concentration is low or the cyclone efficiency is low. When the pressure is high, or when the differential pressure of the porous filter 12 is low, the opening 50a is made small.

  By providing the opening 233a, the opening position changing means 50, and the opening opening degree changing means 51, the position of the opening 50a can be moved in the vertical direction, and the opening of the opening 50a can be opened. The degree of coarse char can be changed (adjusted).

Another embodiment of the swivel cyclone according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The revolving cyclone 311 in the present embodiment is provided with an opening 333a instead of the opening 33a, and the opening position changing means 52 and the opening 52a formed in the opening position changing means 52 are opened. It differs from the thing of embodiment mentioned above by the point that the opening opening degree change means 53 which changes a degree is comprised. Since other components are the same as those in the above-described embodiment, description of these components is omitted here.
In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the member same as embodiment mentioned above. Further, in FIG. 3, the coarse char discharge pipe 33 is not shown in order to simplify the drawing.

The opening (through hole) 333a formed in the outer cylinder portion 330a of the cyclone main body 330 is, for example, a long hole extending in the circumferential direction.
The opening position changing means 52 is, for example, a gate valve having a circular opening 52a formed at the center thereof, and is arranged so that the entire opening 52a and a part of the opening 333a are always in communication. And is configured to be able to move independently in the circumferential direction as indicated by a solid arrow in the figure.
In other words, the position of the opening 52a can be changed (adjusted) in the circumferential direction by the opening position changing means 52 and the opening 333a. Specifically, when the flow rate of the product gas 20 flowing in via the product gas inflow pipe 32 is fast, the opening 52a is made to approach the coarse char discharge pipe 33 side, and when the flow rate of the product gas 20 is slow, The opening 52a is brought closer to the product gas inflow pipe 32 side.

On the other hand, the opening opening degree changing means 53 is, for example, a gate valve in which a through hole 53a extending in the circumferential direction is formed at the center in the vertical direction, and the through hole 53a is outside the opening 52a. They are arranged so as to overlap (overlapping) and can be moved independently in the circumferential direction as indicated by solid line arrows in the figure.
The through hole 53a is different from the opening 333a in which the inner diameter is constant from one end side (left side in the figure) to the other end side (right side in the figure), and the inner diameter is open on one end side (left side in the figure). The inner diameter of the opening 52a is the same as the inner diameter of the opening 52a, and the inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the opening 52a on the other end side (right side in the figure), and the inner diameter is tapered from one end to the other end. Has been.
That is, the opening degree of the opening 52a can be changed (adjusted) by the through hole 53a and the opening 333a of the opening opening changing means 53. Specifically, when the inlet dust concentration is high, when the cyclone efficiency is low, or when the differential pressure of the porous filter 12 is high, the opening 52a is made large so that the inlet dust concentration is low or the cyclone efficiency is low. When the pressure is high, or when the differential pressure of the porous filter 12 is low, the opening 52a is made small.

  By providing the opening 333a, the opening position changing means 52, and the opening opening degree changing means 53, it is possible not only to move the position of the opening 52a in the circumferential direction, but also to open the opening 52a. The degree of coarse char can be changed (adjusted).

  The swirl type cyclone according to the present invention is not only applicable to the above-described coal gasification combined power generation system. For example, a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, a fuel supply system, a high temperature dedusting facility, a steam turbine, a gas turbine, It can be applied to a pressurized fluidized bed boiler combined power generation system (PFBC) equipped with an exhaust heat recovery feed water heater and a dry ammonia catalytic reduction denitration facility (SCR). The present invention can be applied to any apparatus that collects particles having various particle sizes from a particle-containing gas such as a dust treatment apparatus.

  Further, the shape of the opening 33a and the openings 233a and 333a is not limited to the above-described substantially circular shape when viewed from the front, or the shape of a long hole extending in the vertical direction or the circumferential direction. It can be changed to any shape as required.

1 Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation System 11 Swirl Cyclone 20 Generated Gas (Gas)
30 Cyclone body 30a Outer cylinder part 32 Product gas inflow pipe (gas inflow pipe)
33 Coarse-grain char discharge pipe (coarse particle discharge pipe)
33a Open mouth 40 Fine char
41 Coarse grain char (coarse grain)
42 Intermediate Char (Intermediate Particle)
50 Opening Port Position Changing Means 50a Opening Port 51 Opening Port Opening Changing Means 52 Opening Port Position Changing Means 52a Opening Port 53 Opening Port Opening Changing Means 211 Revolving Cyclone 230 Cyclone Main Body 230a Outer Cylindrical Portion 233a Opening 311 Revolving Cyclone 330 Cyclone Main Body 330a Outer Cylinder 333a Opening C Swirling Flow

Claims (5)

Of the particles having a particle distribution from fine particles to coarse particles contained in the gas, the coarse particles located mainly on the large diameter side of the total particle size distribution and the intermediate particles having an intermediate diameter are utilized using a swirl flow. A revolving cyclone for selectively separating and recovering from the gas,
A cyclone main body having a cylindrical outer cylinder portion, a gas inflow pipe disposed at an upper end portion of the outer cylinder portion so that an extending direction thereof is parallel to a tangential direction of the outer cylinder portion, and the outer cylinder Comprising a coarse particle discharge pipe communicating with an open port opened in a side wall of the unit,
The revolving cyclone characterized in that the opening is provided on a straight path of the gas flowing in from the gas inflow pipe.   The revolving cyclone according to claim 1, further comprising an opening opening changing means for changing the opening of the opening.   The revolving cyclone according to claim 2, wherein the opening opening changing means is a gate valve.   A combined gasification combined cycle power generation system comprising: the swirling cyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 3; and a filter to which coarse particles recovered by the swirling cyclone are supplied. .   A pressurized fluidized bed boiler composite comprising the swirling cyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a filter to which coarse particles recovered by the swirling cyclone are supplied. Power generation system.

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