JP2010000818A - Method and device for diagnosing switching operation of electric switch machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To diagnose the state of the switching operation of an electric switch machine by detecting only the number of rotation of a motor for driving the electronic switch machine. <P>SOLUTION: The number of rotation during the operation of a motor for driving an electric switch machine is measured, and the number-of-rotation load factor is obtained by executing the calculation following the expression: the number-of-rotation load factor (%)=(S0-S1)/(S0-S2)×100. The motor is an induction motor. S2 denotes the number of rotation for generating the stalling torque obtained from the torque characteristic curve of the motor, and S0 denotes the synchronous load number of rotation. The stability of the motor is evaluated by the obtained value of the number-of-rotation load factor, the load during the switching of the electric switch machine is diagnosed by the change of the value of the number-of-rotation load factor, and the switching abnormality is output when the value of the number-of-rotation load factor exceeds the predetermined threshold. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for diagnosing a conversion operation of an electric switch.

As an electric switch having an indexing function using a convertible lock device, there is, for example, a YS type electric switch. The YS type electric switch is an electric switch that is used in combination with a conversion lock (YS type) and circuit controller (YS type), and is used for changing points other than the main line. Backward indexing is possible.
FIG. 3 shows the installation state of the YS type electric switch. The electric switch is a conversion device, and includes a conversion mechanism, a speed reduction mechanism, and a switch driving motor. A single-phase induction motor is used as the switch driving motor. The conversion mechanism changes the point by moving the crank by a conversion roller and a cam fixed to the conversion gear. In addition, the conversion lock device is a lock device, and the circuit controller is a contact check device.

In FIG. 3, the convertible lock 3 is composed of a Y-shaped crank 5 and an insulating link 6, and the Y-shaped crank 5 is held by a spring at a position rotated by 90 °. The Y-shaped crank 5, the arm 8 mounted on the same axis, and the crank 10 of the electric switch 4 are connected by an offset link 9.
The offset link 9 transmits the movement of the crank 10 of the electric switch 4 to the arm 8 of the conversion locker, and the arm 8 rotates the coaxial Y-shaped crank 5 in the left or right direction to move the basic rail. The direction of the Tongrel 7a, 7b is changed with respect to 1a, 1b, and the point is changed from the stereotaxic position to the inverted position, or from the inverted position to the inverted position.

  What is important here is that, after the conversion is completed, the center points of the elbow and crank pin holes A and B and the center C point of the crankshaft are in a straight line, forming a dead center in the direction perpendicular to the Tongrel, Is to secure.

  By the way, not only the YS type, but also a method of determining based on the magnitude of the torque of the switch driving motor has already been put into practical use as means for determining the appropriateness of the switching operation of a general electric switch. The motor torque is calculated by comparing the data obtained from the voltage-current or the data obtained from the voltage-rotation speed with the torque characteristics (table) of the motor, or calculating the motor torque by calculating the characteristics.

  Patent Document 1 describes a method of measuring dynamic load torque by converting torque from the drive current and voltage of a motor. Patent Document 2 describes a method for detecting the rotational speed and voltage of an electric motor to detect a Tongrel conversion operation and its change state. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses an apparatus for monitoring the operation of the switch by measuring the amount of movement of the lock pad while the electric switch is operating, the operating current of the electric motor and the load of the switch. Is described.

  However, since torque is calculated based on voltage and current, or voltage and rotation speed, etc., to evaluate the stability of the motor of an electric switch by torque, voltage and current, or voltage and rotation speed, etc. A numerical value must be measured, and therefore at least two measuring sensors are required, and the performance of the sensor is limited, and it is not always easy to increase measurement accuracy. Moreover, as a more fundamental problem, just determining the motor torque does not necessarily mean that the stability of the motor of the electric switch can be properly evaluated. For example, on the output torque characteristic curve of a motor, even if a specified output torque is obtained at the number of rotations during operation, if the conversion load of the electric switch is greater than the maximum force that the motor can produce Of course, the motor stops rotating.

As a matter of fact, the motor is not always operated at the rated voltage. When the applied voltage drops below the rated voltage, the maximum force that the motor can produce is reduced. Therefore, whether or not the motor has the reserve capacity necessary for point conversion not only monitors the magnitude of the motor load torque, but also knows the state of the load at the time of conversion with respect to the maximum force that the motor can produce. If not, the stability of the motor, and hence the operation of the electric switch, cannot be evaluated correctly.
JP 2000-168557 A JP-A-8-268282 JP-A-4-56675

  The problem to be solved is that, when trying to evaluate the operation of an electric switch by torque, multiple sensors such as voltage and current, or voltage and rotation speed are required, and the performance of the sensor. However, there is a limit and it is difficult to easily increase the accuracy of torque measurement. As a more fundamental problem, it is not always possible to properly evaluate the stability of an electric motor by simply obtaining the motor torque. It is a point that does not become.

  In the method and apparatus for diagnosing the conversion operation of the electric switch according to the present invention, the state of the conversion operation of the electric switch is determined by detecting only the rotational speed of the motor that drives the electric switch. The most important feature is that it is possible.

  According to the switch operation diagnostic device for an electric switch according to the present invention, the rotation speed detection sensor is used to detect only the rotation speed during operation of the motor that drives the electric switch. By calculating the ratio of the load of the electric switch to the maximum force that the motor that drives the electric switch can produce, the measurement of the motor is possible. It is possible to diagnose the state of the switch operation of the electric switch, including whether or not it has the power necessary to convert points.

  For the purpose of evaluating the success or failure of the operation of the electric switch, the number of rotations of the motor that drives the electric switch is detected, and the number of rotations of the motor and the characteristics of the motor are measured in advance. This is realized by calculating the no-load rotational speed and the stationary torque generating rotational speed obtained in this manner and determining the rotational speed load factor.

  The present invention detects the number of rotations during operation of an electric switch driving motor, and the detected number of rotations during operation is determined as no-load rotation from the number of rotations at which stationary torque is generated on the torque curve of the single-phase induction motor. It is a method of judging the position of the switching operation of the electric switch by determining which position in the rotation region between up to a number, and the number of rotations during the operation of the motor for driving the electric switch A means for detecting, a means for storing a usable rotation region of the motor, and a motor that is detected in an operating rotation region within a usable rotation region from a stationary torque generation rotational speed to a no-load rotational speed. This is realized by a combination with means for determining which position the rotational speed belongs to and determining the state of the switching operation of the electric switch. The means for determining the state of the switching operation of the electric switch calculates the load factor at the number of rotations during the operation of the motor, and the state of the switching operation of the electric switch based on the value of the load factor Is to judge.

  FIG. 1 is a view for explaining the principle of the evaluation of the switching operation diagnostic device for an electric switch according to the present invention. Fig.1 (a) has shown the torque characteristic curve A of the motor when the rated voltage is applied to the motor (single phase induction motor) which drives an electric switch. In the figure, the torque characteristics of the induction motor are generally as follows. That is, immediately after the power switch of the motor is turned on, the starting torque Ts is generated and the rotation starts, and the acceleration is accelerated to the stationary torque (maximum torque).

  Eventually, the number of rotations will be equal to or greater than the stalling torque generation speed (S2), and the rotation speed (load speed during operation (S1) will be balanced with the torque required for the load (load torque) up to the no-load speed (S0). )), The rotation speed becomes constant. The motor (single-phase induction motor) is a rotation region (motor operation region) that can be used between the stationary torque generation rotational speed (S2) and the no-load rotational speed (S0).

停動トルク発生回転数（S2）から、無負荷回転数（S0）までの間で、停動トルク発生回転数（S2）に近い回転数の位置にマージンとして閾値が設定される。 In this operation region, to determine which position in the rotation region from the stationary torque generation rotation speed to the no-load rotation speed on the torque curve of the induction motor the detected operation rotation speed belongs to, In the present invention, the rotation speed load factor L is calculated. In FIG. 1A, when the rotational speed during operation of the motor that gives the output torque Tn is S1, the rotational speed load factor L (%) is set by the following equation.

A threshold value is set as a margin at the position of the rotational speed close to the stationary torque generation rotational speed (S2) from the stationary rotational torque generation rotational speed (S2) to the no-load rotational speed (S0).

となる。モータの印加電圧が定格電圧より低下した場合の動作中回転数S1´は、定格電圧時のモータの動作中回転数Ｓ１より小さい、すなわち、
（S0−S1´）＞（S0−S1） ・・・ （３）
であるから、回転数負荷率Ｌ、Ｌ´は、
Ｌ´（％）＞Ｌ（％） ・・・ （４）
となる。 FIG. 1B shows a torque characteristic curve B when the applied voltage of the motor is lower than the rated voltage. In the torque characteristic curve B, when the rotational speed during operation of the motor that gives the output torque Tn is S1 ′, the rotational speed load factor L ′ (%) is

It becomes. The operating rotational speed S1 ′ when the applied voltage of the motor is lower than the rated voltage is smaller than the operating rotational speed S1 of the motor at the rated voltage.
(S0−S1 ′)> (S0−S1) (3)
Therefore, the rotational speed load factors L and L ′ are
L ′ (%)> L (%) (4)
It becomes.

  Thus, even if the output torque is the same, the value of the rotational speed load factor increases as the motor characteristics decrease. It can be determined that the stability of the motor has decreased due to the increase in the rotational speed load factor.

  The present invention diagnoses the operation state of the electric switch by monitoring the change in the motor load ratio of the motor, and when the rotational speed of the operating motor approaches the stationary torque generation rotational speed ( To be precise, when a predetermined threshold value is exceeded, the occurrence of a conversion abnormality is notified.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the switching operation diagnostic device for an electric switch according to the present invention. In the switching operation diagnostic device for an electric switch according to the present invention, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 11 has a memory 12 and a counter 13 is connected to the input side. The counter 13 receives a rotation speed detection signal of the switch driving motor.

  In this embodiment, the detection sensor 14 is used to detect the rotational speed of the motor gear 15 attached to the output shaft of the switch driving motor. The detection sensor 14 is a proximity sensor that can detect a magnetic metal in a non-contact manner, and is arranged close to the motor gear so that the teeth of the motor gear 15 can be detected. The detection sensor 14 turns ON when the magnetic metal approaches, and turns OFF when it moves away. The detection sensor 14 repeats ON-OFF in a cycle proportional to the rotation speed of the motor gear 6, and the number of teeth is counted as an output signal of the detection sensor 14. 13 is input.

  The counter 13 receives a clock signal whose cycle is known in advance from the oscillator 15, counts the number of clocks per cycle in which the output of the detection sensor 14 is repeatedly turned on and off, and counts the number as a motor rotation number detection signal. As input to the CPU 11. The CPU 11 includes a motor rotation speed calculation processing unit 17, a load factor calculation processing unit 18, and a comparison processing unit 19.

から求めることができる。 The motor rotation speed calculation processing unit 17 calculates the rotation speed detection signal of the motor input from the counter 13 as means for detecting the rotation speed during operation of the motor for driving the electric switch, and rotates the rotation speed of the motor. And the calculated number of rotations of the motor is output to the load factor calculation unit 8. The motor rotation speed S1 (rev / min) is expressed by the following equation, where the number of teeth of the motor gear is Nt, the clock cycle is Tc (sec), and the clock number is Nc:

Can be obtained from

On the other hand, the memory 12 is a means for storing a usable rotation region of the motor, and has a no-load rotational speed S0 (rev / min) and a stalling torque generating rotational speed S2 (preliminarily obtained by measuring the motor characteristics) rev / min), and both rotation speeds S0 and S2 are read in response to a command from the CPU1. The load factor calculation processing unit 8 calculates the calculated motor rotation speed S1 and both rotation speeds S0 and S2 read from the memory 2, and periodically calculates the rotation speed load factor by the following equation (6). And the obtained value of the rotational speed load factor is output to the comparison processing unit 9.

  The comparison processing unit 19 determines which position the detected rotational speed of the motor belongs to within the usable rotational range of the motor from the stalling torque generation rotational speed to the no-load rotational speed. It is used to determine the state of conversion operation of the electrical switch of the switch, and compares the value of the input rotation speed load factor with a predetermined threshold value and inputs the value of the input rotation speed load factor. Is judged to be larger or smaller than the threshold value, and when the input value of the rotational speed load factor exceeds the threshold value, an abnormality instruction signal is output to the external interface 20.

  The external interface 20 receives an abnormality instruction signal output and outputs an alarm to an external device (not shown), or can transmit information obtained from the change state of the rotational speed load factor to the external device. In the above description, for the sake of convenience, the unit of S0 to S2 is rev / min. However, the calculation (formula 5) can be omitted by setting the unit to the number of clocks (of the reference clock).

  The operating region of the single-phase induction motor used for the motor for driving the electric switch is a range from the rotational speed at which the stationary torque is generated to the synchronous rotational speed as shown in FIG. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the rotation region (operation region) in which the motor can be used is always constant even when the applied voltage drops (motor characteristics deteriorate). On the other hand, the motor speed (S1) during operation necessary for generating the output torque (rated torque) decreases as the applied voltage decreases. Therefore, by constantly monitoring the rotational speed during operation and obtaining the rotational speed load factor, it is possible to evaluate the stability of the motor, that is, the correctness of the switching operation state of the electric switch.

  The present invention is not limited to the YS type electric turning machine but is applied to an electric turning machine using a single-phase induction motor, and the degree of stable operation of the motor is monitored by monitoring changes in the number of rotations during operation. It is possible to evaluate the switching operation state of the electric switch.

It is a figure which shows the torque characteristic of the single phase induction motor used for the electric switch drive motor. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the switching operation diagnostic apparatus of the electric switch of the electric switch according to the present invention. (A) is a top view which shows the installation state of a YS type electric switch, (b) is a front view.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a, 1b Basic rail 2 Sleeper 3 Conversion lock 4 Electric switch 5 Y type crank 5a 1st crank 5b 2nd crank 6a 1st link 6b 2nd link 7a, 7b Tongue rail 8 Arm 9 Offset link 10 Crank 11 CPU
12 memory 13 counter 14 detection sensor 15 oscillator 16 motor gear 17 rotation speed calculation processing unit 18 load factor calculation processing unit 19 comparison processing unit 20 external interface

Claims (5)

The rotational speed during operation of the electric switch drive motor is detected, and the detected rotational speed is a rotation between the stationary torque generation rotational speed and the no-load rotational speed on the torque curve of the induction motor. A method for diagnosing a conversion operation of an electric switch characterized by determining to which position in the region it belongs and evaluating the stability of the motor of the electric switch. Measure the number of rotations during operation of the motor for driving the switch, and calculate the rotation rate load factor according to the following formula.

However, the motor is an induction motor, S2 is the stationary torque generation rotation speed obtained from the torque characteristic curve of the motor, S0 is the no-load rotation speed,
The stability of the motor is evaluated based on the obtained value of the rotational speed load factor, the load at the time of conversion of the electric switch is diagnosed by the change in the value of the rotational speed load factor, and the value of the rotational speed load factor is predetermined. A method for diagnosing a switching operation of an electric switch characterized by outputting a switching error when the threshold value is exceeded. Means for detecting the rotational speed during operation of the motor for driving the electric switch, means for storing a usable rotational area of the motor, and use of the motor from the stationary torque generation rotational speed to the no-load rotational speed And a means for judging the position of the detected rotational speed of the motor in a possible rotation region and evaluating the stability of the motor of the electric switch. Switch operation diagnostic device The means for determining the state of the switching operation of the electric switch calculates the load factor at the number of rotations during the operation of the motor, and the state of the switching operation of the electric switch based on the value of the load factor The apparatus for diagnosing a conversion operation of an electric switch according to claim 3, wherein: A device for diagnosing a conversion operation of an electric switch having an input CPU having a memory and an input CPU for receiving a rotation speed detection signal of the switch driving motor,
The memory stores the no-load rotation speed S0 (rev / min) and stalling torque generation rotation speed S2 (rev / min) obtained by measuring the motor characteristics in advance, and both rotation speeds S0 and S2 are Read out in response to a CPU command,
The CPU has a motor rotation number calculation processing unit, a load factor calculation processing unit, and a comparison processing unit,
The motor rotation number calculation processing unit calculates an input motor rotation number detection signal to determine the motor rotation number, and outputs the calculated motor rotation number to the load factor calculation unit.
The load factor calculation processing unit calculates the calculated motor rotation speed S1 and both rotation speeds S0 and S2 read from the memory,

The rotational speed load factor is obtained by the following, and the obtained rotational speed load factor value is output to the comparison processing unit,
The comparison processing unit compares the value of the input rotational speed load factor with a predetermined threshold value, determines whether the value of the input rotational speed load factor is larger or smaller than the threshold value, and determines the input rotational speed load factor. An apparatus for diagnosing a conversion operation of an electric switch characterized by outputting an abnormality instruction signal when a value exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

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