JP2009542432A - 炭化水素の流動触媒分解期間中に触媒に対して有毒な金属の除去のための添加剤 - Google Patents
炭化水素の流動触媒分解期間中に触媒に対して有毒な金属の除去のための添加剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009542432A JP2009542432A JP2009518590A JP2009518590A JP2009542432A JP 2009542432 A JP2009542432 A JP 2009542432A JP 2009518590 A JP2009518590 A JP 2009518590A JP 2009518590 A JP2009518590 A JP 2009518590A JP 2009542432 A JP2009542432 A JP 2009542432A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrotalcite
- metals
- barium
- magnesium
- hydrocarbons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 36
- PWZFXELTLAQOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O PWZFXELTLAQOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 29
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 19
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 17
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 12
- -1 nickel and vanadium Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3] UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNGSTWPRDROEIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 Chemical class [Ni].N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 RNGSTWPRDROEIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001552 barium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940006612 barium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAVWOHWZXOQYDB-UHFFFAOYSA-H barium(2+);2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O PAVWOHWZXOQYDB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- AESMDVCWMVZFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);butanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O AESMDVCWMVZFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UXFOSWFWQAUFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O UXFOSWFWQAUFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IELPSGPHQCRVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);sulfanide Chemical compound [SH-].[SH-].[Ba+2] IELPSGPHQCRVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052599 brucite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- LVYZJEPLMYTTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum chloride pentahydroxide dihydrate Chemical compound [Cl-].[Al+3].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].O.O LVYZJEPLMYTTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002917 halogen containing inorganic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000022 magnesium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002370 magnesium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014824 magnesium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LZFFTXYPIUCBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OCC([O-])=O.OCC([O-])=O LZFFTXYPIUCBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GMDNUWQNDQDBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;diformate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O GMDNUWQNDQDBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OUHCLAKJJGMPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;hydrogen carbonate;hydroxide Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O OUHCLAKJJGMPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0251—Compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0207—Compounds of Sc, Y or Lanthanides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0222—Compounds of Mn, Re
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
- B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/024—Compounds of Zn, Cd, Hg
- B01J20/0244—Compounds of Zn
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3021—Milling, crushing or grinding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3085—Chemical treatments not covered by groups B01J20/3007 - B01J20/3078
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/205—Metal content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/02—Gasoline
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
あらゆるヒドロタルサイトを本発明に使用することができる。ヒドロタルサイトは(a)天然に存在するヒドロタルサイト、(b)合成ヒドロタルサイト、(c)ヒドロタルサイト様物質又は(d)(a)〜(c)のうちのいずれか2種以上の混合物、を含んでなることができる。適当なヒドロタルサイトの担体は米国特許第4,347,353号及び第4,284,762号明細書に記載されている。適当なヒドロタルサイトの担体は例えば、CaO、MgO及びAl2O3の混合金属酸化物を包含する。1つの適当なヒドロタルサイトはMg4.5Al2(OH)13CO3.3.5H2Oの化学式を有する。適当なヒドロタルサイト物質はKyowa Chemical Industry Company,Ltd.,Osaka,Japanにより製造され、Mitsui and Company,Ltd.,Osaka,Japan及びMitsui and Company(USA),Inc.,Houston,Tex.,により、「DHT−4」及び「DHT−4A」の商品名で市販されている。
マイクスネライト(meixnerite)、スジョグレナイト(sjogrenite)、パイロオーライト(pyroaurite)、スチクタイト(stichtite)、レエヴェサイト(reevesite)、イアードルヤイト(eardleyite)、マナスサイト(manassite)及びバルベルトナイト(barbertonite)を包含する結晶質アニオン粘土は、本発明に従うヒドロタルサイト様物質である。大部分の商業的適用のためには、結晶質アニオン粘土を球のような成形体に形成する。成形体が、製油所への適用、分離、精製及び吸収工程のような厳しい処理条件及び環境に暴露される適用においては、結晶質アニオン粘土含有の成形体の原型がそのままに維持され、摩耗を防止することが重要である。アルミニウム原料及びマグネシウム原料を含んでなる原料からの結晶質アニオン粘土含有物体の製法は、(a)先駆混合物を製造し、(b)先駆混合物を成形して成形体を得て、(c)場合により成形体を熱処理し、そして(d)熟成させて、結晶質アニオン粘土含有物体を得る:工程を含んでなる。成形体は種々の方法で製造することができる。1つの態様において、アルミニウム原料及びマグネシウム原料をスラーリ中で合わせて、先駆混合物を形成する。次に、該先駆混合物を成形する。形成される成形体を液体中で、場合により熱処理後に熟成させると、結晶質アニオン粘土含有物体を得る。
塩酸等による処理を含んでなる。熱処理は通常、30℃〜1000℃、時々は200℃〜800℃の範囲の温度で、数分間〜24時間、時々は1〜10時間にわたる時間中、実施される。更に、前記のアルミニウム原料の混合物も使用することができ、前記の異なるアルミニウム原料をどんな順序でも、先駆混合物中に合わせることができる。更に、成形工程後にアルミニウム原料を添加することができる。その場合は、先駆混合物はアルミニウム原料をすでに含有していても、含有していなくてもよい。1つの態様において、アルミニウム原料が成形工程後に添加される時は、成形体と接触される時、それは液体中にある。これはアルミニウム原料を分散又は溶解し、そしてそれを成形体に添加することにより実施することができる。あるいはまた、アルミニウム原料を、成形体が熟成される液体に添加することができる。
本工程において、先駆混合物を、液体中のアルミニウム原料及び/又はマグネシウム原料から製造する。実際、種々の原料を有害に妨げない限り、すべての液体が適当である。適当な液体は水、エタノール、プロパノール、等である。液体の量は、乳状物質を含む混合物が得られるように選択することができるが、例えばドウのような、より高い粘度をもつ混合物も適当である。1種を超える原料が先駆混合物に使用される場合は、原料は固形物として添加してもよいが、それらはまた液体で添加することもできる。種々の原料をいずれの順序で添加してもよい。先駆混合物の製造は室温で又は高温で、撹拌しながら、又は撹拌せずに実施することができる。場合により、先駆混合物及び/又は別々の原料を例えば粉砕によりホモジネートする。結晶質アニオン粘土へのある転化は、種々の原料を合わせる時にすでに起ることができる。ある場合には、アニオン粘土の最終総量の少なくとも約5重量%はすでに形成され、そしてある場合には、転化は成形工程後にも起る。他の場合には、成形体中のアニオン粘土の最終量の約25重量%を超える、又は約50重量%を超える、又は約75重量%を超える、又は約80〜約95重量%の間が成形工程後に形成される。Mg:Al比は例えば、約1〜約10、約1〜約6又は約2〜約4、にばらつくことができる。
適当な成形法は、噴霧乾燥、ペレット化、押し出し法(場合により混練と組み合わせて)、ビーズ形成、又は触媒及び吸収剤分野で使用されるあらゆる他の従来の成形法又はそれらの組み合わせ物、を包含する。成形に使用される先駆混合物中に存在する液体量は、実施される特定の成形工程に適合しなければならない。時々、先駆混合物をゲル化可能にさせ、それにより成形に適するようにさせるために、先駆混合物中に使用される液体を(一部)除去し、そして/又は、更なるもしくは他の液体を添加し、そして/又は先駆混合物のpHを変更することが忠告される。押し出し添加剤のような、種々の成形法に一般に使用される種々の添加剤を、成形に使用される先駆混合物に添加することができる。
成形後に、成形体を場合により熱処理にかけることができる。このような処理は粒状物の物理的強度を増加する。熱処理は、約数分〜約24時間にわたる期間内に、約30℃〜
約900℃にわたる温度で、酸素含有雰囲気内で、不活性雰囲気内で、又は流れ中で実施することができる。例えば、噴霧乾燥の熱処理が本質的に伴う時は、更なる熱処理は必要でないかも知れない。
この工程において、成形体はプロトン性の液体又はプロトン性の気体媒質中に浸漬される。熟成工程中、結晶質アニオン粘土への結晶化が起る。適当なプロトン性熟成液又は気体媒質は、水、エタノール、メタノール、プロパノール、蒸気、気体状水、気体状エタノール、等のような、成形体がそれに溶解しない液体及び気体媒質である。液体の温度及び/又は圧力を増加すると熟成時間を短縮することができる。熟成はまた、自己加熱条件下で実施することもできる。熟成温度は、約30℃〜約500℃にわたることができる。熟成時間は約1分〜数日、例えば約7日間にわたることができる。なにかの目的にために、場合により、その後に焼成工程を伴う、中間乾燥工程を場合により伴い、幾つかの熟成工程を実施することが有利である。例えば、約100℃未満の温度による熟成工程に、次に約100℃を超える温度及び自己発生圧力における熱水熟成工程を続けても、又はその反対でもよい。以下に更に詳細に説明されるように、あらゆる熟成工程の前、後又はその期間中に添加剤を添加することができる。熟成媒質に特定のアニオンを添加することにより、存在する層間電荷平衡化アニオンを制御することができる。適当なアニオンの例は、炭酸、重炭酸、硝酸、塩素、硫酸、重硫酸、バナデート、タングステート、硼酸、リン酸アニオン、V10O28−6、Mo7O24−6、PW12O40−3、B(OH)4−、B4O5(OH)4−2、HBO4−2、HGaO3−2、CrO4−2のようなピラー形成アニオン、ギ酸、酢酸アニオン及びそれらの混合物である。更に、炭酸、重炭酸、硫酸及び硝酸アニオンのような幾つかのこれらのアニオンの存在は、ブルサイトのような副産物の形成に影響を与えるとも考えられる。例えば、水酸化アンモニウムの添加は、マイクスネライト様粘土の形成を促進するが、他方、炭酸アンモニウムの添加はヒドロタルサイト様粘土の形成を促進する。
うな粘土、酸化チタン、ジルコニア、アルミナ、シリカ、シリカ−アルミナ、ベントナイト、等)、分子ふるい物質(例えばゼオライトY、ZSM−5、等)のような従来の触媒成分を含有するように製造することができる。該従来の触媒成分は成形工程の前に添加することができる。アニオン粘土はインサイチューで形成されるので、生成される物体はアニオン粘土及び触媒成分の均一な分散をもつであろう。本発明に従う方法により、触媒として又は触媒添加剤として使用することができる多数の機能的物体を製造することができる。
適当な捕捉剤は、以下の元素:バリウム、カルシウム、マンガン、ランタン、鉄、錫、亜鉛、セリウム、又は新IUPACフォーマット(すなわち、最近のIUPACフォーマット)を使用する元素の周期表に特定されるグループ2中のあらゆる元素、それらのイオンあるいはこのような元素及び/又はそれらのイオンの混合物を含んでなることができる。
捕捉剤はヒドロタルサイトに添加することができ、他方ヒドロタルサイトは本明細書に記載の方法に従って、又は今日知られた又は今後開発される他の方法に従って製造される。あるいはまた、捕捉剤は、例えば当業者に熟知されているように、細孔容量含浸により又は可溶性バリウム原料の使用により、既存のヒドロタルサイトに添加することができる
。これらのいずれかの方法を使用して、捕捉剤の少なくとも一部はヒドロタルサイトの外面上に分散されるであろう。
本発明に従う組成物は、1種又は複数の触媒と同時に炭化水素供給物とともに、又は炭化水素供給物及び1種又は複数の触媒が添加された後に、FCCユニットに添加することができる。1つの態様において、本発明に従う組成物は、組成物プラス1種又は複数のFCC触媒の総重量に基づく本発明に従う組成物の重量パーセントが約1重量%〜約30重量%、又は約2重量%〜約20重量%、又は約5重量%〜約10重量%であるように、1種又は複数のFCC触媒と組み合わされる。
本発明に従うMe−HTC(ここでMeはBa、Sr、Ca、Fe、Mn、Ce、La又はZnを表す)は、粉砕され、熟成された、4:1モル比のMgO:Al2O3のスラーリ(20重量%固形物)に、塩としてのMe成分を導入することにより製造された。次に、Me、Mg及びAl含有混合物を噴霧乾燥して、平均粒度を約75マイクロメーターに維持した。次にこの乾燥物質を550℃で1時間焼成し、30℃で30分間水スラーリ中で再水和させた。次に生成された混合物を乾燥し、10重量%レベルで市販のFCC触媒と混合した。次にこのブレンドをメタレート化不活性後に残油供給物を使用して流動床ミクロ−反応ユニット中で評価した。ブレンドを、Mitchell含浸経路を使用し、次に3000ppmのNi及び3000ppmのVでの蒸気処理により不活性化した。表1は本発明の利点を表す。本発明に従うMe−HTCを使用しない市販のFCC触媒の使用により生成されたデータに比較すると、コークスの収率が有意に減少し、他方、転化率及びガソリン収率は改善される。
既存の噴霧乾燥ヒドロタルサイトをバリウムで細孔容量含浸させた。粒状物のSEM写
真及びBa、Mg及びAlの元素地図を伴う断面図がヒドロタルサイト粒状物の外面上のBaを示す。
既存の噴霧乾燥ヒドロタルサイトを、50℃で30分間、30重量%の固形物のバリウムの存在下で再水和させ、濾過し、110℃で1晩乾燥した。粒状物のSEM写真及びBa、Mg及びAlの元素地図を伴う断面図がヒドロタルサイト粒状物の外面上のBaを示す。
スラーリ化したMgO/CATAPALを2.5孔径に粉砕し、50℃で2時間熟成させた。硝酸バリウムを添加し、次に混合物を噴霧乾燥し、焼成し、H2O中で再水和させた。粒状物のSEM写真及びBa、Mg及びAlの元素地図を伴う断面図が、実施例2及び3に劣るBa分布を示す。
Claims (6)
- その外面上に1種又は複数の捕捉金属を分散されたヒドロタルサイトを含んでなる、炭化水素から1種又は複数の有毒金属を除去するために適する組成物。
- ヒドロタルサイトが天然に存在するヒドロタルサイト、合成ヒドロタルサイト又はヒドロタルサイト様物質を含んでなる、請求項1の組成物。
- 1種又は複数の捕捉金属がバリウム、カルシウム、マンガン、ランタン、鉄、錫、亜鉛、セリウム又は、元素の周期表に特定されるグループ2のいずれかの元素を含んでなる、請求項1の組成物。
- その外面上に少なくとも1種の捕捉金属を分散されたヒドロタルサイトより本質的になる、炭化水素から1種又は複数の有毒金属を除去するために適する組成物。
- その外面上に少なくとも1種の捕捉金属を分散されたヒドロタルサイトを、FCCユニットに添加することを含んでなる、FCCユニット中の炭化水素から1種又は複数の有毒金属を除去する方法。
- その外面上に1種又は複数の捕捉金属を分散されたヒドロタルサイトを、FCCユニットに添加することから本質的になる、FCCユニット中の炭化水素から1種又は複数の有毒金属を除去する方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US81738306P | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | |
US60/817,383 | 2006-06-29 | ||
PCT/US2007/072560 WO2008003091A2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2007-06-29 | Additives for removal of metals poisonous to catalysts during fluidized catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011204494A Division JP5356481B2 (ja) | 2006-06-29 | 2011-09-20 | 炭化水素の流動触媒分解期間中に触媒に対して有毒な金属を除去する方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009542432A true JP2009542432A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
JP5031830B2 JP5031830B2 (ja) | 2012-09-26 |
Family
ID=39002261
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009518590A Expired - Fee Related JP5031830B2 (ja) | 2006-06-29 | 2007-06-29 | 炭化水素の流動触媒分解期間中に触媒に対して有毒な金属の除去のための添加剤 |
JP2011204494A Expired - Fee Related JP5356481B2 (ja) | 2006-06-29 | 2011-09-20 | 炭化水素の流動触媒分解期間中に触媒に対して有毒な金属を除去する方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011204494A Expired - Fee Related JP5356481B2 (ja) | 2006-06-29 | 2011-09-20 | 炭化水素の流動触媒分解期間中に触媒に対して有毒な金属を除去する方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (4) | EP3260197B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5031830B2 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN101479035A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2659074C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008003091A2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018103120A (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | 金属捕捉剤、金属捕捉剤の製造方法、及び流動接触分解触媒 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008116076A1 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Additive-containing anionic clays for reducing sox emissions from an fcc regenerator and process for making them |
US20130131412A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | Uop Llc | Resid catalytic cracker and catalyst for increased propylene yield |
WO2015051266A1 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-09 | Johnson Matthey Process Technologies, Inc. | Process for reactivating an iron-contaminated fcc catalyst |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003507303A (ja) * | 1999-08-11 | 2003-02-25 | アクゾ ノーベル ナムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | 耐摩耗性の成形された、結晶性アニオン性粘土を含有する物体 |
JP2007534593A (ja) * | 2004-04-26 | 2007-11-29 | アルベマーレ ネザーランズ ビー.ブイ. | 金属含有組成物の調製方法 |
JP2008512553A (ja) * | 2004-09-08 | 2008-04-24 | インターカット インコーポレイテッド | 金属混入物除去のための添加剤 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5580447A (en) | 1978-12-14 | 1980-06-17 | Kyowa Chem Ind Co Ltd | Prevention of rust, deterioration or coloring of polyolefin and composition |
US4485184A (en) * | 1981-04-10 | 1984-11-27 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Trapping of metals deposited on catalytic materials during carbometallic oil conversion |
US4774212A (en) | 1987-12-22 | 1988-09-27 | Amoco Corporation | Pillared hydrotalcites |
US4889615A (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1989-12-26 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Additive for vanadium capture in catalytic cracking |
US6010619A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 2000-01-04 | Greenvue Company, Llc | FCC process with zeolite and hydrotalcite |
NO317500B1 (no) * | 1998-03-13 | 2004-11-08 | Statoil Asa | Fremgangsmate og sammensetning for reduksjon av svovelinnholdet i en hydrokarbonblanding, samt anvendelse derav |
AU4583999A (en) | 1998-07-02 | 2000-01-24 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Vanadium removal in fcc by use of an outboard vessel |
KR100709815B1 (ko) * | 1999-08-11 | 2007-04-23 | 아크조 노벨 엔.브이. | 다형 Mg-Al 히드로탈사이트 |
US20070287626A1 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2007-12-13 | William Jones | Process For The Preparation Of An Oxidic Catalyst Composition Comprising A Divalent And A Trivalent Metal |
-
2007
- 2007-06-29 CN CNA2007800241345A patent/CN101479035A/zh active Pending
- 2007-06-29 CA CA2659074A patent/CA2659074C/en active Active
- 2007-06-29 EP EP17180849.6A patent/EP3260197B1/en active Active
- 2007-06-29 CN CN201410379875.7A patent/CN104117335A/zh active Pending
- 2007-06-29 EP EP20110180381 patent/EP2394738B1/en active Active
- 2007-06-29 JP JP2009518590A patent/JP5031830B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-29 EP EP21165628.5A patent/EP3878553A1/en active Pending
- 2007-06-29 EP EP07799212A patent/EP2032254A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-06-29 WO PCT/US2007/072560 patent/WO2008003091A2/en active Application Filing
-
2011
- 2011-09-20 JP JP2011204494A patent/JP5356481B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003507303A (ja) * | 1999-08-11 | 2003-02-25 | アクゾ ノーベル ナムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | 耐摩耗性の成形された、結晶性アニオン性粘土を含有する物体 |
JP2007534593A (ja) * | 2004-04-26 | 2007-11-29 | アルベマーレ ネザーランズ ビー.ブイ. | 金属含有組成物の調製方法 |
JP2008512553A (ja) * | 2004-09-08 | 2008-04-24 | インターカット インコーポレイテッド | 金属混入物除去のための添加剤 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018103120A (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | 金属捕捉剤、金属捕捉剤の製造方法、及び流動接触分解触媒 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2394738A3 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
WO2008003091A8 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
EP3260197B1 (en) | 2021-03-31 |
WO2008003091A2 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
EP2032254A2 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
WO2008003091A3 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
CA2659074A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
EP2394738A2 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
CN104117335A (zh) | 2014-10-29 |
CA2659074C (en) | 2015-10-06 |
CN101479035A (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
EP3260197A1 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
JP2012041539A (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
JP5356481B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
EP2394738B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
JP5031830B2 (ja) | 2012-09-26 |
EP3878553A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2381391C (en) | Attrition resistant, shaped, crystalline anionic clay-containing bodies | |
US20030203806A1 (en) | Compounds, compositions and methods to reduce SOx emissions from FCC units | |
JP5356481B2 (ja) | 炭化水素の流動触媒分解期間中に触媒に対して有毒な金属を除去する方法 | |
US7008896B2 (en) | Situ formed anionic clay-containing bodies | |
EP1358127B1 (en) | In situ formed anionic clay-containing bodies | |
CN100542958C (zh) | 含有添加剂的阴离子粘土的制备方法 | |
US8337803B2 (en) | Additives for removal of metals poisonous to catalysts during fluidized catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons | |
EP1204474B1 (en) | ATTRITION RESISTANT, SHAPED, CRYSTALLINE Mg-Al-Si-CONTAINING CLAY-CONTAINING BODIES | |
JP6010083B2 (ja) | FCC再生器からのSOx排出を低減するための添加剤を含む陰イオン性粘土およびそれらの製造プロセス | |
KR100839312B1 (ko) | 제자리에 형성된 음이온 클레이-함유 성형체 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20100528 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20110609 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110621 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110920 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20120619 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20120627 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5031830 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20150706 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |