JP2009529107A - INSTALLATION DEVICE, BUILDING SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR BUILDING MULTI-FLOOR BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

  An installation device 1 for placing the building material 2 when building a multi-storey building is provided with lift means 4 for lifting the pre-processed building material 2 and below the upper floor of the multi-storey building. A moving means 7 for moving the installation device 1 in and out of the lower floor, a rotating means 8 for rotating the building material 2 around a normal to the floor surface of the lower floor, and the building material 2 vertically Vertical adjustment means 20 for adjustment and control means 14 for controlling the installation apparatus 1 to arrange the building material 2 in a predetermined pattern are provided. A building system and method for building a multi-storey building is also disclosed.

Description

  The present invention relates to an installation apparatus for arranging building materials when building a building having a plurality of floors. The present invention also relates to a building system for building a multi-storey building. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for constructing a multi-storey building, and a method for constructing a lower floor under a raised upper floor after the upper floor is built and lifted.

  Multi-storey buildings are traditionally built from the bottom to the top, and one of the first steps is usually to perform foundation work. The foundation is, for example, a slab on the ground or a foundation basement, on which a first floor (that is, the first floor) of a multi-storey building is built. Thereafter, the second floor supported by the structural concrete material belonging to the first floor is constructed at the top of the first floor.

  The concrete material is then placed or placed on the underlying element until the desired number of floors is secured. As the building becomes taller, the building material is gradually lifted higher by a normal crane. In many cases, interior accessories are also lifted and placed at the floor level to which they are to be attached.

  Scaffolds and other safety items are often attached to the outside of a building, which is time consuming and expensive, but is necessary to ensure a safe working environment.

  A common problem with prior art building methods is that it is often relatively time consuming and therefore expensive to build a multi-storey building. In addition, non-productive work is performed in the form of scaffold assembly, material handling, crane lifting, and reworking due to erroneous work operations.

  Building materials that are lifted into the building by the crane need to be securely placed by hand. This increases labor costs and it also poses a danger to construction workers.

  Another problem is that both the building and the construction worker are exposed to the weather, which in turn leads to various problems.

  Conventional construction methods also suffer from disadvantages such as material damage and the risk of falling people or objects from high places that can cause personal injury to workers who have fallen or fallen objects.

  A further disadvantage of conventional methods of building multi-storey buildings is the higher risk of accidents involving work involving cranes.

  Another problem with conventional construction methods is that perishable materials cannot be attached until the building is covered and the initial moisture is dry. This results in long construction times and high costs.

Therefore, a construction method is developed in which the floors are built in the reverse order. According to this method, construction starts with foundation work. Next, the top floor and roof are built on the foundation. Subsequently, the top floor is lifted by one floor, and then construction of the second floor from the top under the top floor is started. Building proceeds in this way until the desired number of floors is secured and completed by assembly of the first floor. The wall and floor structure is driven in place. This type of method is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
U.S. Pat. No. 3,828,513

  One drawback of these “reverse” construction methods is the use of cast-in-place concrete that requires considerable work at the work site. Furthermore, the placement of cast-in-place concrete requires a lot of equipment, for example in the form of pumps and molds. There is also a risk of placement errors leading to rework. Another problem with casting is that the concrete needs to dry, which increases construction time. Pre-fabricated building materials cannot be used. The reason is that the “inverted” construction process hides the floor currently under construction below the one already built, so the crane cannot lift the building material into the floor under construction. is there.

  One object of the present invention is to ameliorate, or at least reduce, the problems described above.

  A specific object is to provide a device that enables more efficient construction of a multi-storey building.

  Another object is to provide an improved building system that allows more efficient construction of multi-storey buildings.

  Another object of the present invention is to show an improved method of building a multi-storey building.

  These objects are achieved by an installation device according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims 2-14.

  The object is also achieved by a building system according to claim 15 and a preferred embodiment as defined in the dependent claims 16 and 17.

  The object is further achieved by a method according to claim 18. Preferred variants of the method are defined in the dependent claims 19-25.

The installation device according to the present invention comprises:
Lift means for lifting pre-fabricated building materials;
Moving means for moving the installation device into and out of the lower floor constructed below the upper floor of the multi-storey building;
A rotating means for rotating the building material around a normal to the floor surface of the lower floor;
Vertical adjustment means for adjusting the building material vertically;
Control means for controlling the installation apparatus to arrange the building materials in a predetermined pattern. With this apparatus, pre-processed building materials can be efficiently arranged when building a multi-story building constructed under the upper floor where the lower floor is completed.

  The moving means of the installation apparatus includes wheels for movement along rails arranged on the floor surface of the lower floor. Thereby, safe movement of the installation device can be easily provided.

  Alternatively, the moving means may comprise an endless track that allows free movement of the installation device.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the installation device displaces the building material in a plane parallel to the floor surface, the lateral displacement means for displacing the building material parallel to the floor surface. Vertical displacement means, rotation means for rotating the building material around a perpendicular to the floor surface, turning means for turning the building material in a plane perpendicular to the floor surface, surface perpendicular to the floor surface Various means for moving and rotating building materials, such as tilting means for rotating building materials within, or lateral displacement means for displacing wall materials parallel to the floor surface Is provided. With the assistance of these means, the position of the building material can be finely adjusted in various directions.

  The installation device control means may comprise a programmable control unit for controlling the installation device according to a predetermined coordinate system. Thereby, the placement can be automated for higher accuracy and safety.

  The lifting means advantageously have a suction cup for holding the building material. Thereby, the building material can be held very safely.

  The lifting means may comprise at least one mandrel for engaging a recess in the lower surface of the building material. This further increases the holding safety.

  According to one embodiment, the lifting means comprises a descendable arm for lifting the floor structure. Thereby, the lifting means can be specially adjusted for safe movement of the floor structure.

  The longitudinal displacement means and the swivel means advantageously comprise a common bearing. Thereby, the structure of the installation apparatus can be very small.

  The building system of the present invention includes an installation device according to the present invention and at least two lift devices for lifting the building member when the building material is arranged according to a predetermined pattern. If such a building system is used, the building material to be attached can be efficiently arranged and held.

  Advantageously, lift towers are arranged along the outside of the multi-storey building. With the lift tower, the completed floor can be lifted before construction of the next floor begins without the need for any entrance on each floor for the lift device. In addition, their arrangement on the outside of the building ensures free space inside the building, which means that all the building materials needed are blocked by lift devices that pass through the building. It means that it can be lifted to the predetermined position from the inside of the currently built floor.

  The building system further includes a tie rod that interconnects two lift towers disposed on opposite sides of the multi-storey building. Thereby, the horizontal force generated when lifting the completed floor can be absorbed.

The method of the present invention for building a multi-storey building is as follows:
The installation device uses the lift means to lift the pre-processed building material from the storage location,
The installation device moves itself within the lower floor and / or rotates the lift means about a normal to the floor surface of the lower floor, thereby moving the building material to the placement position on the lower floor according to a predetermined pattern Move
An installation apparatus arrange | positions the said building material in the arrangement position.
This method makes it possible to construct a multi-storey building efficiently and safely while reducing the labor input by manual labor. Because building materials are pre-processed, building time is reduced and better manufacturing tolerances can be realized.

  The storage location for the building material is advantageously outside the multi-storey building. Thereby, it becomes easier to select an appropriate unloading place, and the working place can be more easily accessed.

  The building material may be a wall material or a floor structure material, which allows for efficient building of the floor.

  The building materials can also be selected from the group consisting of bathroom modules, kitchen modules, stair modules and elevator modules to increase the prefabrication of multi-storey buildings.

  Advantageously, the installation device is arranged in a lateral displacement of the building material parallel to the floor surface and / or a longitudinal displacement of the building material parallel to the floor surface and / or around a normal to the floor surface. The position of the building material is finely adjusted by rotating the building material and / or turning the building material in two planes perpendicular to the floor surface. By these operations, the position of the building material can be finely adjusted.

  In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings which are given to illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention.

  The installation apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is configured to arrange pre-processed reinforced concrete building materials such as the floor structure material 2 when building a multi-storey building 3 (see FIG. 7). . The installation device 1 basically includes a lift means 4 supported by a rotating arm 5 and the rotating arm 5 attached to a carriage 6.

  The cart 6 has wheels 7 for moving the installation device 1 along rails (not shown) on the floor surface G of the building 3 of a plurality of floors. The arm 5 is rotatably connected to the carriage 6 via the bearing 8, and as a result, the arm 5 and the lift means 4 supported by the arm 5 are rotatable around a perpendicular N to the floor surface G.

  The lift means 4 has two lift forks 10 each provided with a mandrel 11 for engaging with a hole or groove on the lower surface of the wall material 9. For the most accurate engagement possible, the wall material should be molded with holes at each end of its own lower surface, but in view of manufacturing tolerances of the wall material, the wall material should instead It is appropriate to have a hole at one end of the groove and a groove at the other end. This allows one of the mandrels 11 to engage the groove so that the wall material 9 can be safely held despite any dimensional tolerances. In order to hold the wall material 9 safely, the lift means 4 also has a suction cup 12 that can hold the wall material 9 with a suction force.

  The lifting means 4 is in the position shown in FIG. 1 suitable for lifting and moving the wall material 9 (see FIG. 6), but by lifting the two lowering arms 13, the lifting means is The floor structure material 2 can also be configured to be lifted or moved. In that case, the floor structure material 2 is placed on the lowered arm 13.

  The installation device 1 has a control unit 14, whereby the operation of the installation device 1 is remotely controlled, for example by manual control, in order to arrange the building materials 2, 9 in a predetermined pattern defined in the architectural drawing. Is possible.

  The installation device 1 has a plurality of degrees of freedom regarding the lift means 4 and the operation pattern of the building material 2 supported by the lift means 4. The operation pattern is more clearly shown in FIG. The installation device 1 can perform the operation (arrow a) in and out of the floor C with the assistance of moving means having wheels 7 and rails (not shown) on the floor surface G, and the arm 5 is on the floor In addition to being able to be rotated via the bearing 8 in a rotational movement about the normal N with respect to the plane G (arrow b), the lifting means 4 and the building material 2 supported by the lifting means 4 are moved in several different ways. Or can be rotated.

  Using lateral displacement means in the form of a rack 15, the arm 5 can be displaced laterally (arrow g) perpendicular to the inward and outward movement of the floor C brought about by the wheels 7. It is. Further, the arm 5 can be expanded and contracted in the longitudinal displacement operation (arrow c) by the bearing 16 and the two hydraulic cylinders 17, so that the lift means 4 operates the installation device 1 inside and outside the floor C. Is moved in a direction parallel to. In this way, a more accurate adjustment of the position of the building material 2 in this direction can be realized compared to what is possible with the wheels 7.

  The same bearing 16 that is used to extend and retract the arm 5 is used as a turning means 18 for turning the lift means 4 in a plane perpendicular to the floor surface G (arrow d).

  Rotating means in the form of a bearing 19 can cause rotation of the lifting means (arrow e) about a normal N to the floor surface G. The same bearing 19 can be used with the hydraulic cylinder 20 as a vertical adjustment means for adjusting the lift means 4 vertically (arrow f).

  The lateral displacement means 21 displaces the building material 2 above the lift means 4 in a direction parallel to the floor surface G (arrow h) in order to adjust the position of the building material 2 on the floor surface G with high accuracy. be able to.

  The tilting means in the form of a bearing 22 is lifted means 4 in the swiveling action (arrow i) perpendicular to the floor surface G and in the plane perpendicular to the plane on which the swiveling action (arrow d) of the arm 5 is performed. And the inclination of the building material 2 supported by the lift means 4 is enabled.

  By various operations of the installation device 1, the arrangement of the heavy concrete material 2 can be controlled roughly and accurately.

  In addition to the installation device 1, the building system according to the invention also has a lift device in the form of two jacks 23 per wall and a plurality of lift towers 24. The lift tower 24 is disposed along the outside of the multi-storey building 3. In order to receive the wall material 9, the lift device 23 is disposed on the floor surface G, one at each end of the wall material 9. The lift device 23 temporarily lifts the wall material 9 arranged by the installation device 1 so that the lift tower 24 can engage with the lower edge of the wall material 9.

  The construction method of the present invention intended for the construction system to function will be described. The construction method is based on the principle of constructing each floor of a multi-storey building 3 in reverse order. As can be seen in FIG. 7, the completed floors A and B are lifted to make room for the construction of the next floor C below the two upper floors A and B.

  The installation device 1 can be moved by wheels 7 into and out of the lower floor C (see FIG. 7) constructed under the upper floor B that has been lifted and built in advance. The installation apparatus 1 picks up building materials such as the floor structure material 2 from a storage place outside the building 3 on the plurality of floors. Thereafter, the installation apparatus 1 is moved into the lower floor C. The arm 5 is rotated by a rotating means 8 around a perpendicular N to the floor surface G so that the floor structure material 2 approximately reaches the position where it should be placed. The position of the floor structure material 2 is then finely adjusted according to various possibilities of operation of the installation device 1 as described above, and the floor structure material is lowered to that position. When the floor structure material 2 is arranged, the installation device 1 is moved to the outside of the floor C in order to pick up more floor structure material 2 and wall material 9. Of course, the installation device 1 can also be used to place other building materials such as kitchen modules, bathroom modules, stair modules and elevator modules (not shown). When the wall material 9 reaches that position, it is lifted by the installation device 1 toward the already built upper floor B. When all the building materials 2 and 9 on the floor C are arranged, they are connected to each other and placed together while being lifted by the lift device 23. The building materials 2 and 9 on the lower floor C are also interconnected with the upper floor B constructed in advance and placed together. After that, the lift tower 24 is connected to the lower edge of the wall material 9 on which the lift tower 24 is arranged, and the completed floors A, B, and C are all repeatedly stepped over the one floor H by repeated engagement. To make room for the next floor. While the next floor is being constructed, work such as electrical work, heat, air conditioning and sanitary installation, and painting work on the lowest floor C of the completed floor can be completed.

  With this method and the installation apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to construct a multi-storey building very efficiently. Furthermore, it is possible to realize the arrangement of the building materials 2 and 9 with very high accuracy.

  The structure of the installation device 1 is particularly small because the expansion and contraction of the arm 5 is brought about by the same bearing as the pivoting movement of the arm 5.

  By disposing the lift tower 24 outside the building 3, it is possible to prevent the interior of the building 3 from being empty on the floor C under construction and being blocked by a lift device passing therethrough. Thereby, it becomes possible to arrange | position all the required building materials, the wall material 9 and the floor structure material 2, and the modules processed beforehand, such as a kitchen, a bathroom, and an elevator, using the installation apparatus 1. FIG. . Alternatively, if the lift device is arranged inside the building 3 with an entrance through the floor structure of the floor, the wall material 3 can be arranged by the installation device. It is necessary to arrange the floor structure material in some way. At the same time, the installation device 1 operates inside the floor C currently under construction without being blocked by the lift tower 24 and can place the required building materials 2, 9, so that the use of the external lift tower 24 To make it easier.

  While the construction materials 2 and 9 are arranged so that they start from the inside of the floor C and come out to the position where the walls are lifted, the conventional crane is arranged outside the building and lifts the construction material from the outside to the inside It should be noted that the method of operation of the installation device 1 differs in principle from that of a conventional crane in that it enters from the outside. A conventional crane cannot be used in a construction method in which the floor is built in the reverse procedure, because it is not close to the floor under construction when it is placed below the already built floor. In addition, conventional cranes lift building materials at only one point. This means that the building material can freely rotate and tilt. In the final arrangement of building materials, it is necessary for the construction worker to manually guide the raised building materials, and there is a risk of working environment especially when handling heavy concrete materials.

  In summary, by using the present invention, it is possible to provide a building that is protected from wind and rain during construction, thereby reducing the need for drying, and also attaching moisture sensitive materials initially. By automating the construction of the building with the correct placement of building materials, it becomes possible to install both structural building materials and pre-processed modules such as bathrooms and kitchens with the same equipment, building time Will be shortened.

  It will be understood that various modifications to the embodiments of the invention described herein are possible within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

  For example, instead of the wheel 7, the installation device 1 can have an endless track (not shown). In that case, there is no need for a rail on the floor surface G, and the installation apparatus 1 can move freely. Of course, the lateral displacement of the arm 5 can also be provided by means other than the rack 15, for example by wheels and rails.

  The control of the installation device can be automated. In that case, the control unit 14 can be programmed to control the installation device 1 in a predetermined coordinate system. This control can be based directly on a properly designed drawing.

  The suction cup 12 can be connected to a light source (not shown) that is turned on when a sufficient negative pressure is obtained to indicate that the wall material 9 is fixed.

  In FIG. 7, only two lift towers 24 are shown, but of course, more lift towers, suitably at least four, can be used. When four lift towers 24 are used, they can be arranged at the center of each side of the multi-storey building 3 with four sides, for example.

  When the two opposite lift towers 24 are lifting the completed floor, they absorb the horizontal forces that occur during the lifting because they are lifted from outside the building, i.e. eccentrically. Furthermore, they can be connected to each other by tie rods. Instead, each lift tower can be securely fixed to the ground.

It is the perspective view seen from the slanting back of the installation apparatus by this invention. It is a front view of an installation apparatus. It is the perspective view seen from the diagonal front of the installation apparatus. It is a side view of an installation apparatus. It is the schematic which shows various operation | movement of an installation apparatus. It is a perspective view which shows a part of building system of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows a part of building system.

Claims (25)

An installation device for arranging building materials (2; 9) when building a multi-storey building (3),
Lift means (4) for lifting the prefabricated building material (2; 9);
Moving means (7) for moving the installation device (1) in and out of the lower floor (C) constructed below the upper floor (B) of the multi-storey building (3);
Rotating means (8) for rotating the building material (2; 9) around a perpendicular (N) to the floor surface (G) of the lower floor (C);
Vertical adjustment means (20) for adjusting the building material (2; 9) vertically;
An installation device comprising: control means (14) for controlling the installation device (1) to arrange the building materials (2; 9) in a predetermined pattern.   The said moving means is an installation apparatus of Claim 1 provided with the wheel (7) for a movement along the rail arrange | positioned at the said floor surface (G) of the said lower floor (C).   The installation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the moving unit includes an endless track.   The installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising lateral displacement means (15) for displacing the building material (2; 9) parallel to the floor surface (G). apparatus.   5. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising longitudinal displacement means (17, 18) for displacing the building material (2; 9) in a plane parallel to the floor surface (G). The installation device described in the paragraph.   The installation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a rotating means (19) for rotating the building material (2; 9) around a perpendicular (N) to the floor surface (G). apparatus.   Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising swiveling means (18) for swiveling the building material (2; 9) in a plane perpendicular to the floor surface (G). apparatus.   8. A tilting means (22) for rotating the building material (2; 9) in a plane perpendicular to the floor surface (G), according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Installation equipment.   The installation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a lateral displacement means (21) for displacing the wall material (2; 9) in parallel with the floor surface (G). .   10. The installation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the control means comprises a programmable control unit (14) for controlling the installation device (1) according to a predetermined coordinate system.   The installation device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the lift means (4) includes a suction cup (12) for holding the building material (2; 9).   12. The lifting means (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising at least one mandrel (11) for engaging a recess in a lower surface of the building material (2; 9). Installation equipment.   The installation device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the lifting means (4) comprises a descendable arm for lifting the floor structure (2; 9).   Installation device according to claims 5 and 7, wherein the longitudinal displacement means and the pivot means comprise a common bearing (18).   A building system for building a multi-storey building (3), wherein the installation device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14 and the building material (2; 9) are A building system comprising at least two lifting devices (23) for lifting the building material (2; 9) when arranged according to a predetermined pattern.   16. The building system according to claim 15, further comprising a lift tower (24) arranged along the outside of the multi-storey building (3).   17. Building system according to claim 16, comprising tie rods for interconnecting two lift towers (24) arranged on opposite sides of the multi-storey building (3). After the upper floor (B) is built and lifted, the lower floor (C) is built under the lifted upper floor (B) to build a multi-storey building (3). And
The installation device (1) uses the lifting means (4) to lift the prefabricated building material (2; 9) from the storage location,
The installation device (1) moves itself within the lower floor (C) and / or the lifting means (4) around a perpendicular (N) to the floor surface (G) of the lower floor (C). ) Is rotated to move the building material (2; 9) to an arrangement position in the lower floor (C) according to a predetermined pattern,
The construction method, wherein the installation device (1) arranges the building material (2; 9) at the arrangement position.   19. Method according to claim 18, wherein the storage location is outside a multi-storey building (3).   20. Method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the building material (2; 9) is a wall material or a floor structure material.   20. A method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the building material is selected from the group consisting of a bathroom module, a kitchen module, a stair module and an elevator module.   The installation device (1) finely adjusts the position of the building material (2; 9) by a lateral displacement of the building material (2; 9) parallel to the floor surface (G). The method according to any one of 1 to 21.   The installation device (1) finely adjusts the position of the building material (2; 9) by a longitudinal displacement of the building material (2; 9) parallel to the floor surface (G). 23. The method according to any one of items 1 to 22.   The installation device (1) finely adjusts the position of the building material (2; 9) by rotation of the building material (2; 9) around a perpendicular (N) to the floor surface (G). The method according to any one of 18 to 23.   The installation device (1) finely adjusts the position of the building material (2; 9) by turning the building material (2; 9) in a plane perpendicular to the floor surface (G). 25. The method according to any one of items 24 to 24.

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