JP2009296726A - Rotating machine drive system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To separately use a driving source of a rotating machine achieving engine driving and motor driving through a gearbox. <P>SOLUTION: In a compressor drive system 1, a compressor 21 is driven by an engine 3 or a motor generator 4 or by both sides through the gearbox 6. When changing speed, power transmission from the engine 3 is cut and power transmission from the motor generator 4 is performed. The compressor 21 is driven by a parallel hybrid of the motor generator 4 and the engine 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating machine drive system that drives a rotating machine with one or both of an engine and a motor via a transmission.

Conventionally, the technology of a rotary machine drive system that drives a rotary machine with one or both of an engine and a motor via a transmission is known. A rotating machine is a machine that performs fluid transfer and pressure change by driving a rotating part. Specific examples of the rotating machine include a refrigerant compressor and a hydraulic pump.
Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which an air compressor of a refrigeration cycle is driven by an engine via a CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION (CVT) or a two-stage transmission, and a system driven by a motor.
JP-A-9-109664

However, the system of Patent Document 1 only discloses that driving by switching between engine driving and motor driving or both is possible, and does not present the proper use of drive sources.
Therefore, the problem to be solved is to present the proper use of the drive source of the rotating machine capable of driving the engine and the motor via the transmission.

  The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, means for solving the problems will be described.

  That is, in claim 1, in a rotary machine drive system that drives a rotary machine with one or both of an engine and a motor via a transmission, the power transmission from the engine is cut off at the time of a shift, and the power transmission from the motor is performed. Is to do.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the rotary machine drive system according to the first aspect, the motor is a motor generator.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the rotary machine drive system according to the second aspect, the rotary machine is driven by a parallel hybrid of the motor generator and the engine.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the rotary machine drive system according to the first aspect, the motor is driven by an external power source.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the rotary machine drive system according to the first aspect, the transmission is driven to increase in speed.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the rotary machine drive system according to the second aspect, the motor generator regenerates energy when the rotational speed of the rotary machine is reduced.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the rotary machine drive system according to the first aspect, the rotary machine is driven by the motor at start-up, and is driven by the engine when the rotary machine reaches a predetermined rotational speed. is there.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the rotary machine drive system according to the first aspect, the engine increases or decreases a fuel injection amount by a predetermined amount in accordance with a shift of the transmission.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the rotary machine drive system according to the first aspect, the engine speed of the engine is controlled in accordance with a rotational load of the rotary machine.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the rotary machine drive system according to the first aspect, the engine speed is controlled so that the engine is shifted at a predetermined speed or less.

  According to an eleventh aspect, in the rotating machine drive system according to the first aspect, the transmission is an automatic switching mechanism.

  As effects of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

  According to the first aspect of the invention, a clutch that absorbs the rotation difference is required for shifting by the engine drive, but since the shift is performed by the motor drive, the rotation difference can be absorbed by the motor. In other words, the transmission can be made compact by omitting a synchronization mechanism such as a clutch or a synchromesh mechanism.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the motor is a motor generator, a power source for driving the auxiliary machine can be obtained while the engine is driven. Further, the generated power can be stored in the battery.

  According to the third aspect, since the rotating machine is driven by a parallel hybrid of the motor generator and the engine, the motor generator and the engine can be reduced in size. That is, a low fuel consumption rotary machine drive system can be realized. At the same time, the inverter and battery can be miniaturized.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the motor is driven by an external power source, a low-noise rotating machine drive system can be realized. Further, for example, the running cost can be reduced by using nighttime power.

  In claim 5, for example, when a rotary machine drive system is used for a container refrigeration apparatus, the amount of refrigerant circulating can be increased, and the pull-down time before loading can be shortened.

  In Claim 6, the electric power by energy regeneration can be stored in a battery.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the motor is driven in a low rotational speed range from the start time when the fuel efficiency is poor for the engine to a predetermined rotational speed, a low fuel consumption rotary machine drive system can be realized.

  According to the eighth aspect of the invention, it is possible to execute appropriate fuel injection amount control with respect to increase / decrease in engine load accompanying shift of the transmission.

  According to the ninth aspect, the engine speed can be appropriately controlled according to the rotational load of the rotating machine.

  According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since the engine speed is controlled so that the relative speed is equal to or lower than the predetermined rotation rate, slip at the time of shifting can be prevented.

  In the eleventh aspect, in the rotary machine drive system in which the transmission is an automatic switching mechanism, the effect described in the first aspect can be obtained.

Next, embodiments of the invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a compressor drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a table diagram and time chart showing the shift of the compressor drive system, and FIG. 3 is also a compressor drive. It is a time chart figure which shows a driving | operation of a system. FIG. 4 is also a time chart showing the relative rotational speed and the fuel injection amount at the time of shifting of the compressor drive system.

First, a compressor transmission drive system 1 as a rotary machine drive system provided in a refrigeration container apparatus 2 as an embodiment of the present invention will be briefly described with reference to FIG.
The compressor transmission drive system 1 includes an engine 3, a motor generator 4 that functions as a motor and a generator, a transmission 6, an external power supply system 7, and a controller 100.

The engine 3 is a diesel engine and includes an engine output shaft 63.
The motor generator 4 is a motor in which the motor and the generator are reversible and are used, and includes a motor output shaft 64. Further, the motor generator 4 can regenerate energy by driving the compressor 21 by reducing the rotational speed of the compressor.

  The transmission 6 includes an engine output shaft 63, a compressor output shaft 62, a reduction gear train 65 having a gear ratio of 19:21 interposed between the engine output shaft 63 and the compressor output shaft 62, and a gear. The speed increasing gear train 66 having a ratio of 24:16, and the speed reducing gear train 65, the speed increasing gear train 66, or a shifter 67 for switching the neutral position located between both are configured. The shifter 67 is driven by a solenoid or a motor and is automatically switched by the controller 100. Further, a speed increasing gear train 68 having a gear ratio of 2.5 is interposed between the compressor output shaft 62 and the motor output shaft 64. In the transmission 6, the gear ratios of the reduction gear train 65, the speed increasing gear train 66, and the speed increasing gear train 68 are not limited to the present embodiment.

  In the transmission 6, shifting means shifting from the reduction gear train 65 or the speed increasing gear train 66 to the other gear. The shift means that the transmission 6 is switched from one of the reduction gear train 65, the speed-up gear train 66, or neutral to another one. Further, the rotational speeds of the reduction gear train 65 and the speed increasing gear train 66 are the rotational speeds of the gears on the engine output shaft 63 side.

  The external electric system 7 is composed of a DC circuit, an external power plug 71 for receiving a three-phase AC external commercial power supply via a rectifier 72 composed of a diode or the like, a battery 73 via a D / D converter 74, an inverter The condenser fan 25 to which electric power is supplied through 76, the evaporator fan 26 to which electric power is supplied through the inverter 75, and the motor generator 4 to which electric power is supplied through the inverter 77 are connected. It is configured. The inverters 75, 76, and 77 are devices that include switching elements 75a, 76a, and 77a and diodes 75b, 76b, and 77b, respectively, and convert direct current into alternating current.

  The refrigeration container apparatus 2 includes a compressor 21 as a rotating machine that sucks and discharges refrigerant, a condenser 22 that condenses the discharged high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and a condenser fan that exchanges heat between the condenser 22 and outdoor air. 25, an expansion valve 23 that squeezes and expands the condensed refrigerant, an evaporator 24 that evaporates the two-layer refrigerant, and an evaporator fan 26 that exchanges heat between the evaporator 24 and the air in the container. Has been. A high pressure sensor 91 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 21 and a low pressure sensor 92 is provided on the suction side.

  The controller 100 has a function of driving the compressor 21 by the compressor speed change drive system 1. The controller 100 is connected to the motor generator 4, the shifter 67, each device of the external power supply system 7, the high voltage sensor 91, and the low voltage sensor 92. Furthermore, the controller 100 can detect the high / low pressure difference of the compressor 21 as a rotational load based on detection signals from the high pressure sensor 91 and the low pressure sensor 92.

With such a configuration, the motor generator 4 is driven by an external power supply, so that the low-noise compressor transmission drive system 1 can be realized. Moreover, the running cost of the refrigeration container apparatus 2 can be reduced by using nighttime electric power.
Further, by using the speed increasing gear train 66, the refrigerant circulation amount of the refrigeration container apparatus 2 can be increased. For example, it is possible to increase the refrigerant circulation amount when the air in the container becomes sufficiently low, or to shorten the pull-down time before loading.

Next, the shift of the compressor shift drive system 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
The compressor speed change drive system 1 of the present embodiment cuts off power transmission from the engine 3 (hereinafter referred to as engine drive) at the time of shifting, and operates the compressor 21 by power transmission from the motor generator 4 (hereinafter referred to as motor drive). . In the following time chart diagrams, the shaded portion represents the operation of the compressor 21 driven by a motor. In this embodiment, the rated speed of the engine 3 is 2500 rpm.

  The engine drive in which the transmission 6 is shifted to the reduction gear train 65 as shown in FIG. 2 will be described. Since the output rotation of the engine 3 is 2500 rpm, the compressor 21 is decelerated by the reduction gear train 65 and is operated at 2262 rpm. The motor generator 4 is operated at 5655 rpm by the speed increasing gear train 68, and generates electric power as a generator. On the other hand, the unshifted speed increasing gear train 66 is 1508 rpm because the compressor 21 is 2262 rpm. At this time, the rotational speed difference of the speed increasing gear train 66 with respect to the engine 3 is −992 rpm.

Further, motor drive in which the transmission 6 is neutral will be described. The engine 3 is driven at 2500 rpm. The motor generator 4 is increased from 5655 rpm to 9375 rpm as a motor, and the compressor 21 is increased from 2262 rpm to 3750 rpm by the speed increasing gear train 68. Here, before the motor generator 4 is accelerated as a motor, the reduction gear train 65 is 2500 rpm, and the acceleration gear train 66 is 1508 rpm. At this time, the rotational speed difference of the speed increasing gear train 66 relative to the engine 3 is −992 rpm, and the rotational speed difference of the reduction gear train 65 is 0 rpm.
On the other hand, after the motor generator 4 is accelerated as a motor, the reduction gear train 65 is 4145 rpm, and the acceleration gear train 66 is 2500 rpm. At this time, the rotational speed difference of the speed increasing gear train 66 relative to the engine 3 is 0 rpm, and the rotational speed difference of the reduction gear train 65 is +1645 rpm.

  Further, engine driving in which the transmission 6 is shifted to the speed increasing gear train 66 will be described. Since the engine 3 is 2500 rpm, the compressor 21 is operated at 3750 rpm by the speed increasing gear train 66. The motor generator 4 is operated at 9375 rpm by the speed increasing gear train 68, and generates electric power as a generator. On the other hand, the unshifted reduction gear train 65 is 4145 rpm because the compressor 21 has 3750 rpm. At this time, the rotational speed difference of the speed increasing gear train 66 with respect to the engine 3 is +1645 rpm.

By adopting such a configuration, a clutch that absorbs the rotational difference is required for shifting by the engine drive, but the rotational difference can be absorbed by the motor because the shift is performed by the motor drive. That is, the transmission 6 can be made compact by omitting a synchronization mechanism such as a clutch or a synchromesh mechanism.
Further, the motor generator 4 can supply the electric power generated while the engine is driven to the condenser fan 25 and the evaporator fan 26 or store the electric power in the battery 73.

  Next, the operation control of the compressor 21 by the compressor transmission drive system 1 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents time series, and the vertical axis represents the compressor rotation speed.

First, in order to operate the refrigeration container apparatus 2, the controller 100 starts the compressor 21 by motor driving, and switches to engine driving by the reduction gear train 65 when the compressor 21 reaches a predetermined rotational speed (a in FIG. 3). ). In this embodiment, the predetermined rotational speed is 1250 rpm which is 1/2 of the engine rated rotational speed 2500 rpm.
In this way, since the motor generator 4 is used to drive the low speed range from the starting time when the fuel efficiency is low for the engine 3 to the predetermined rotational speed, the compressor speed change drive system 1 with low fuel efficiency can be realized.

Next, the controller 100 operates the compressor 21 at 2262 rpm by the reduction gear train 65 with respect to the engine rated rotation speed 2500 rpm. At this time, the controller 100 controls the engine speed based on the high-low pressure difference of the compressor 21 as a rotational load (b in FIG. 3).
In this way, the engine speed can be appropriately controlled based on the high-low pressure difference of the compressor 21 as the rotational load of the compressor 21.

Next, the controller 100 operates the compressor 21 from the engine drive to the motor drive in order to shift from the reduction gear train 65 to the speed-up gear train 66 when rapidly cooling or when the load increases. Next, the controller 100 operates the compressor 21 at 3750 rpm by the speed increasing gear train 66 with respect to the engine rated rotation speed 2500 rpm. Next, when it is desired to further reduce the temperature, the controller 100 operates the compressor 21 with a parallel hybrid driven by a motor and an engine (c in FIG. 3).
Thus, since the compressor speed change drive system 1 is driven by the parallel hybrid of the motor generator 4 and the engine 3, the motor generator 4 and the engine 3 can be reduced in size. That is, a low-fuel-consumption compressor transmission drive system 1 can be realized. At the same time, the inverters 75, 76, 77 and the battery 73 can be reduced in size.

Next, when the load decreases, the controller 100 operates the compressor 21 from the engine drive to the motor drive in order to shift the speed from the speed-up gear train 66 to the speed reduction gear train 65 (d in FIG. 3). ). At this time, the controller 100 uses the motor generator 4 as a generator to generate energy regeneration, that is, electric power by using the reduction in the compressor speed from 3750 rpm to 2262 rpm.
In this way, when the rotation speed of the compressor 21 is reduced, the electric power generated by the energy regeneration of the motor generator 4 can be stored in the battery 73.

  Next, the controller 100 operates the compressor 21 at 2262 rpm by the reduction gear train 65 with respect to the engine rated speed of 2500 rpm, and controls the engine speed based on the high / low pressure difference of the compressor 21 as described above (FIG. B) in 3.

  Next, the relative rotational speeds of the engine 3 and the compressor 21 and the fuel injection amount control of the engine 3 at the time of shifting by the compressor shift drive system 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents time series, and the vertical axis represents the ratio of the rotational speed of the compressor 21, the fuel injection amount of the engine 3, and the relative rotational speed of the transmission 6 to the rated engine speed from the bottom.

  As described above, the controller 100 operates the compressor 21 by engine driving with the reduction gear train 65, operates by motor driving at the time of shifting, and operates by engine driving by the speed increasing gear linkage 66 after shifting.

When the transmission 6 is shifted from the reduction gear train 65 to the neutral position, the controller 100 reduces the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 by ΔQ with respect to the conventional fuel injection control because the load of the engine 3 decreases. On the other hand, when the transmission 6 is shifted from neutral to the speed increasing gear train 66, the load on the engine 3 increases, so that the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 is increased by ΔQ with respect to the conventional fuel injection control. That is, the controller 100 executes the fuel injection amount control that takes into account the increase or decrease of the predicted load in addition to the conventional fuel injection amount control simultaneously with the shift.
In this way, appropriate fuel injection amount control can be executed with respect to increase or decrease of the engine load accompanying the shift of the transmission 6.

When the transmission 6 shifts from neutral to the reduction gear train 65 or the speed increase gear train 66, the controller 100 controls the engine speed so that the relative speed of the transmission 6 is less than a predetermined rate. Here, the relative rotational speed is the difference between the rotational speed of the engine output shaft 63 and the rotational speed of the reduction gear train 65 or the speed increasing gear train 66 to be shifted with respect to the engine rotational speed, that is, the rotational speed of the engine output shaft 63. The ratio of As shown in FIG. 4, specifically, when the transmission 6 shifts from neutral to the speed increasing gear train 66 (a shown in FIG. 4), the controller 100 rotates the engine speed of the speed increasing gear train 66. The speed is controlled so as to follow the number, and when the relative rotational speed becomes 5% or less, the speed-up gear train 66 is shifted.
In this way, the engine speed is controlled so that the relative speed is less than or equal to the predetermined rotation rate, so that slip at the time of shifting can be prevented.

The block diagram which shows the whole structure of the compressor drive system which concerns on the Example of this invention. The table figure and time chart figure which similarly show the speed change of the compressor drive system. The time chart figure which similarly shows the driving | operation of a compressor drive system. The time chart which similarly shows the relative rotation speed at the time of the speed change of a compressor drive system, and fuel injection quantity.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor transmission drive system 2 Refrigeration container apparatus 3 Engine 4 Motor generator 6 Transmission 7 External electric system 21 Compressor 25 Condenser fan 26 Evaporator fan 65 Deceleration gear series 66 Increase gear series 67 Shifter 71 External power plug 73 Battery 75 Inverter 76 Inverter 77 Inverter 100 Controller

Claims (11)

In a rotary machine drive system that drives a rotary machine with one or both of an engine and a motor via a transmission,
A rotating machine drive system that cuts off power transmission from the engine and performs power transmission from the motor at the time of shifting. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1.
The rotary machine drive system, wherein the motor is a motor generator. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 2,
The rotary machine drive system, wherein the rotary machine is driven by a parallel hybrid of the motor generator and the engine. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1.
The motor is driven by an external power source. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1.
The rotary machine drive system characterized in that the transmission is driven at an increased speed. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 2,
The motor generator regenerates energy when the rotational speed of the rotating machine is reduced. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1.
The rotating machine drive system is characterized in that the rotating machine is driven by the motor at start-up, and is driven by the engine when the rotating machine reaches a predetermined rotation speed. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1.
The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1, wherein the engine increases or decreases a fuel injection amount by a predetermined amount in accordance with a shift of the transmission. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1.
The rotating machine drive system according to claim 1, wherein an engine speed of the engine is controlled in accordance with a rotational load of the rotating machine. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1.
The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1, wherein the engine speed is controlled so that the relative speed of the transmission is changed at a predetermined rate or less. The rotary machine drive system according to claim 1.
The rotary machine drive system, wherein the transmission is an automatic switching mechanism.

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