JP2009281106A - Manufacturing method of precast concrete staircase, and form device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently assemble or replace many kinds of form devices for staircase differed in height of a riser face 14 as requested while accurately positioning a number of formboards 11. <P>SOLUTION: Each L-shaped sectional formboard 11 includes a tread face 12 matched to a design depth dimension and the riser face 14 of a dimension more than a design height, which are continued to each other through a polygonal line 15, the angle between the both being variable with the polygonal line 15 as an axis. Side ribs 16 provided near both ends of all the formboards 11 are fixed to a pair of positioning plate 18 to determine an inclination and a space between the formboards. Back ribs 24 of all the formboards 11 are fixed to the riser faces 14 of the adjacent formboards 11. The positioning plates 18 are erected in parallel to each other, both side surfaces of the formboards 11 are covered with side plates 30, and concrete is poured thereto. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a formwork device used for molding a precast concrete staircase and a method for manufacturing a precast staircase using the formwork device.

When manufacturing the stairs of a building by precast, it is necessary to individually design the number of steps of the stairs and the raising height according to the floor height. However, since separate molds are prepared for different designs, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost of the staircase becomes high. Thus, a staircase formwork device has been developed that can freely select the number of steps of the stairs and the height of the lift (see Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent No. 2550885

The known prior art has the following problems to be solved.
There are some buildings with the same height and number of steps, but the floor height is slightly different. In this case, the height difference of the kicking surface is often several millimeters to several centimeters. In the known mold apparatus, it is not easy to position the kick-up surfaces of all the mold plates with high accuracy and speedily.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention positions a large number of mold plates with high accuracy and assembles various types of staircase mold apparatuses with different heights of the kicking surfaces efficiently as required, It aims at providing the manufacturing method and formwork apparatus of a precast concrete staircase which can be rearranged.

The following configurations are means for solving the above-described problems.
<Configuration 1>
A cross-section L-shaped with a tread that matches the design depth dimension and a kick-up surface with a dimension higher than the design height connected via a polygonal line and the angle between the two is variable with the polygonal line as the axis And at least a pair of left and right positioning plates for fixing the inclination of all the template plates and the interval between the template plates, by fixing side ribs provided at least near both ends of the tread surface of all the template plates. In the state where all the template plates are positioned by the positioning plates, the connection fixing means for fixing the back rib provided on the back edge of the tread surface of all the template plates to the kicking surface of the adjacent template plate, and the pair of positioning members A precast concrete staircase formwork apparatus comprising: a bottom frame for standing upright in parallel with a longitudinal direction; and a side plate that covers both side surfaces of the template and forms a formwork for pouring concrete together with the template. .

  In the design drawing, the depth dimension of the tread surface and the height of the kicking surface are specified. When the dimensions of the treads and the number of steps of the stairs are unchanged and only the floor height is different, first, the inclination of all the templates and the interval between the templates are positioned by the positioning plates. At this time, the back rib provided on the back edge of the tread surface of the template can be fixed so as to press against the raised surface of the adjacent template, and the height of the raised surface can be set as designed.

<Configuration 2>
In the precast concrete staircase mold apparatus according to Configuration 1, the connecting and fixing means includes a back rib provided on the back edge of the tread surface of the template in the height direction of the stair with respect to the kicking surface of the adjacent template. Forming device for precast concrete staircase, characterized by comprising loose fixing means that allow sliding.

  In a state where the template is positioned by the positioning plate, the back rib of the template can be fixed to the raised surface of the template at an appropriate height.

<Configuration 3>
The precast concrete staircase form apparatus according to Configuration 1 or 2, wherein the sandwiching angle is variable within a range not exceeding an elastic limit of a metal plate integrally forming the tread surface and the kicking surface. Concrete staircase formwork equipment.

  The height of the kick-up surface can be finely adjusted without applying excessive force to the template.

<Configuration 4>
In the precast concrete staircase mold apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, the positioning plate includes a template fixing portion that fixes a side rib of the template and the connection fixing means after the template fixing. A formwork device for a precast concrete staircase having a work window into which a hand can be inserted.

  After the template is positioned by the positioning plate, the back rib of the template can be manually fixed to the raised surface of the template.

<Configuration 5>
In the precast concrete staircase form apparatus according to any one of Configurations 1 to 4, the positioning plate is divided into a plurality of portions in the longitudinal direction and fixed by cascade fixing means that are detachable from each other. Formwork equipment for precast concrete stairs.

  The divided positioning means can be exchanged one by one, and the work of switching the mold can be simplified.

<Configuration 6>
A cross-section L-shaped with a tread that matches the design depth dimension and a kick-up surface with a dimension higher than the design height connected via a polygonal line and the angle between the two is variable with the polygonal line as the axis A plate-shaped template is arranged in the required number of steps with the polygonal lines in parallel, and at least a pair of positioning plates are erected in parallel in the longitudinal direction, and side ribs provided near both ends of the treads of all the template plates After fixing the inclination of all the template plates and the interval between the template plates, the back ribs provided on the back edges of all the template plates are connected and fixed to the raised surfaces of the adjacent template plates. A method for producing a precast concrete staircase, characterized in that: both sides of the template are covered with side plates, and concrete is poured into a mold formed of the template and side plates and cured.

<Configuration 7>
In the method for manufacturing a precast concrete staircase according to Configuration 6, the positioning plate is divided into a plurality of parts in the longitudinal direction and fixed by detachable cascade fixing means. A method for producing a precast concrete staircase, wherein when changing to a staircase having a different length, the cascade fixing means is removed and the divided positioning plates are replaced with new positioning plates one by one.

<Configuration 8>
In the method for manufacturing a precast concrete staircase according to Configuration 6 or 7, the required kicking is performed by changing the sandwiched angle between the tread and the kicking surface within a range not exceeding the elastic limit of the metal plate. A method for producing a precast concrete staircase, characterized in that the surface height is set.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail for each example.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a formwork device for a precast concrete staircase according to a first embodiment.
The mold apparatus 10 includes a template plate 11 corresponding to the required number of steps, positioning plates 18 that support the template plate, and side plates 30 disposed on both sides thereof. The template 11 includes a tread surface 12 and a kick-up surface 14. The template 11 has an L-shaped cross section, and the tread surface 12 and the kick-up surface 14 are formed, for example, by bending a single iron plate. That is, the tread surface 12 and the kicking surface 14 are continuous via the broken line 15.

  Side ribs 16 are provided at least in the vicinity of both ends of the tread 12 of all the templates 11. The side rib 16 is fixed to the fixing portion 20 of the positioning plate 18. The positioning plate 18 is for positioning the inclination of all the template plates 11 and the interval between the template plates 11. A pair of positioning plates 18 are disposed at positions corresponding to the side ribs 16 at least on the left and right sides of the template 11. A back rib 24 is provided on the back edge of the tread 12 of the template 11. The back rib 24 is fixed to the kick-up surface 14 of the adjacent template 11 in a state where all the templates 11 are positioned by the positioning plate 18.

FIG. 2A is a side view of the two mold plates 11, and FIG. 2B is a partial perspective view of the mold plate 11 fixed to the positioning plate 18.
As shown in FIG. 2A, the tread 12 of the template 11 is matched to the designed depth dimension W. In addition, the dimension L of the kick-up surface 14 is a dimension that is not less than the design height H. The tread surface 12 and the kick-up surface 14 can change an angle α between the tread 12 and the kick-up surface 14 with the broken line 15 as an axis. That is, in the design drawing (not shown), the depth dimension W of the tread 12 and the height H of the kick-up surface 14 are specified.

  For example, in a staircase of a high-rise apartment, the floor height of the lower floor portion and the floor height of the higher floor portion may be slightly different even if the stairs have exactly the same dimensions when viewed in plan. At this time, the height H of the raised surfaces 14 of all the steps is slightly changed without changing the number of steps of the stairs. The form of the precast concrete staircase is also used with the equipment shown in the figure. Therefore, loose fixing means is provided for allowing the back rib 24 provided on the back edge of the tread 12 of the template 11 to be slidable in the height direction of the stairs with respect to the kicking surface 14 of the adjacent template 11.

  For this purpose, the fixing hole 19 through which the connection fixing means 26 is inserted may be a long hole extending in the vertical direction. Prior to fixing between the back rib 24 and the kick-up surface 14, the inclination of all the template plates 11 and the interval between the template plates 11 are positioned by the positioning plate 18. Thereafter, if the back rib 24 is pressed against the kick-up surface 14, the height H of the kick-up surface 14 can be set as designed. The connection fixing means 26 is constituted by a bolt or the like screwed into a tap cut in the back rib 24.

  The fixed part 20 prepares what was accurately designed and processed for each floor height. Other parts can be used in common regardless of the floor height. When the height H of the kicking surface 14 is different, the angle α between the tread 12 and the kicking surface 14 slightly changes. Accordingly, the material or the like is selected so that the sandwiched angle α can be varied within a range that is equal to or less than the elastic limit of the metal plate that integrally forms the tread surface 12 and the kicking surface 14. As a result, it is possible to prevent problems such as the kicking surface 14 being distorted by an excessive external force.

  As shown in FIG. 2B, the fixing portion 20 of the positioning plate 18 is fixed to the outside of the side rib 16 of the template 11. At this time, first, the pin hole 17 of the side rib 16 and the pin hole 21 of the fixing portion 20 are matched. For this, for example, a knock pin (not shown) is used. The use of a knock pin allows accurate positioning of the two plates. Thereafter, the fixing portion 20 of the positioning plate 18 is integrated by bolting using the bolt hole 43 of the side rib 16 and the bolt hole 45 of the positioning plate 18. Remove knock pin after use. The positioning plate 18 is provided with a work window 22 in addition to the template fixing portion 20 for fixing the side rib 16. The work window 22 is for inserting a hand for operating the connection fixing means 26 after fixing the template 11 to the fixing portion 20. Thereby, the back rib 24 and the kick-up surface 14 are brought into contact with each other, and the connection fixing means 26 can be firmly and securely fixed. This is an extremely important structure in terms of workability.

3A is a plan view of the template 11, FIG. 3B is a front view, and FIG. 3C is a side view.
As shown in the figure, the tread 12 of the template 11 is provided with a ridge 13 for forming an anti-slip of the stairs. Further, side ribs 16 and guide plates 28 are provided on the left and right sides of the tread 12. The guide plate 28 is fixed to the kick-up surface 14 by means such as welding. An arbitrary number of reinforcing ribs are welded to the central back surface of the template 11. However, both are fixed to only one of the tread 12 and the raised surface 14 so that the angle between the tread 12 and the raised surface 14 can be changed. In order to fix and support the template 11, guide plates 28 may be provided at three or more locations.

FIG. 4 is a front view of an embodiment of the positioning plate 18.
The positioning plate 18 is disposed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stairs. Its total length is determined by the length of the stairs. In this embodiment, the positioning plate 18 is divided into a plurality of parts in the longitudinal direction, and is connected and fixed by means of cascade fixing means that are detachable from each other, for example, bolts. As described above, if the positioning plate 18 is divided in the longitudinal direction, it functions not only in a problem in transportation but also in a case where the entire formwork apparatus is rearranged. This will be explained later. As described with reference to FIG. 2, the positioning plate 18 has a bolt hole 45 for fixing the side rib 16 of the template 11 and a bolt hole 46 for fixing the side plate 30 (FIG. 1) (FIG. 2B). ) Is provided. That is, the side plate 30 (FIG. 1) is supported and fixed by bolts that penetrate the bolt holes provided in the side plate 30, the bolt holes 44 of the side ribs 16, and the bolt holes 46 of the positioning plate 18.

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are partial side views of the mold device for the uppermost part and the lowermost part of the staircase.
As shown in FIG. 5, the uppermost mold plate 34 is fixed to the uppermost end of the positioning plate 18. The uppermost template 34 is obtained by extending the width of the template 11 and has a back plate 35 fixed thereto. As shown in FIG. 6, the lowermost mold plate 36 is fixed to the lowermost end of the positioning plate 18. The lowermost template 36 is obtained by extending the width of the template 11 and has a bottom plate 37 fixed thereto. In this way, the positioning plate 18 is shaped at both ends so that the uppermost mold plate 34 and the lowermost mold plate 36 are fixed.

FIG. 7 shows the overall configuration of the precast concrete staircase apparatus according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a plan view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is an end view.
The overall structure of the formwork apparatus, the assembling method of the formwork apparatus, and the manufacturing method of the precast concrete staircase will be described with reference to this figure. As shown in FIG. 1A, this apparatus includes a bottom frame 32 that erects a pair of positioning plates 18 in parallel with the longitudinal direction. The bottom frame includes a pillow 41 and a horizontal pillar 42 integrally fixed on the pillow 41 in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the stairs. Both are made of a steel material having a U-shaped cross section. The positioning plate 18 is upright with the lower part fixed to the horizontal column 42. In this figure, the illustration of the side plate 30 (FIG. 1) covering both side surfaces of the template 11 is omitted. When concrete is poured up to the level indicated by the broken line in FIG. 7C, a precast concrete staircase can be manufactured.

  When such a formwork apparatus is assembled for the first time, first, a pair of positioning plates are erected on the bottom frame 32 in parallel with the longitudinal direction. At this time, the divided portions of the positioning plate 18 are connected with high accuracy. Next, the required number of template plates 11 are prepared, and the side ribs 16 (FIG. 2) of the positioning plate 18 are fixed to the template fixing portion 20 (FIG. 2) one by one. Thereafter, the back ribs 24 (FIG. 2) of all the template plates are fixed to the kick-up surface 14 of the adjacent template plate 11. Finally, both side surfaces of the template 11 are covered with the side plate 30 (FIG. 1) to the level of the broken line in FIG. This completes the formwork. All you have to do is pour concrete.

  Next, a procedure for changing the formwork apparatus for stairs with different heights of the kick-up surface will be described. First, the side plate 30 (FIG. 1) is removed. Next, the connection fixing means 26 (FIG. 2) which fixes between the adjacent template 11 is loosened. There is no need to remove it completely. It is sufficient to loosen the bolt or the like so that the back rib 24 can slide in the height direction of the stairs with respect to the kicking surface 14. Thereafter, one of the positioning plates 18 divided in the longitudinal direction is removed. What is necessary is just to remove the volt | bolt which has fixed the side rib 16, and to remove the cascade fixing means 29 (FIG. 4). Both can be removed one by one in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. Even if one sheet is removed, the template 11 does not fall apart. Further, the shape of the entire mold is not greatly changed.

  Therefore, a new positioning plate 18 can be fitted in place of the removed positioning plate 18. Since there is no big difference in the dimensions, no excessive force is applied as a whole. The same operation is performed for all of the divided positioning plates 18. Then, after fixing the cascade fixing means 29 (FIG. 4) of the positioning plate 18, the side ribs 16 of each template 11 are fixed to the template fixing portion 20 of the positioning plate 18. As a result, all the templates 11 can be switched to the height of the kicked surface different from the previous time. Subsequent operations are as described above. Thus, if only the positioning plate 18 is replaced, the formwork apparatus of the present invention can be used for various precast concrete stairs with different heights of the kick-up surfaces. In addition, since the positioning plate 18 is used, the positioning of all the template plates 11 can be performed with high accuracy. Further, there is an effect that a complicated adjustment mechanism is unnecessary and the overall cost can be reduced.

It is a disassembled perspective view of the formwork apparatus of the precast concrete staircase of Example 1. FIG. (A) is a side view of two mold plates 11, and (b) is a partial perspective view of a state in which the mold plate 11 is fixed to a positioning plate 18. (A) is a top view of the template 11, (b) is a front view, (c) is a side view. FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of a positioning plate 18 It is a formwork apparatus partial side view for the uppermost part of stairs. It is a formwork apparatus partial side view for the lowest part of stairs. The whole formwork apparatus structure of the precast concrete staircase of this invention is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view, (c) is an end view.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Formwork apparatus 11 Mold plate 12 Tread surface 13 Projection line 14 Kick-up surface 15 Folding line 16 Side rib 17 Pin hole 18 Positioning plate 19 Fixing hole 20 Mold plate fixing part 21 Pin hole 22 Work window 23 Pin hole 24 Back rib 26 Connection fixing means 28 Guide Plate 29 Dividing portion 30 Side plate 32 Bottom frame 34 Top die plate 35 Back plate 36 Bottom plate 37 Bottom plate 41 Pillow 42 Horizontal pillars 43 to 47 Bolt hole

Claims (8)

A cross-section L-shaped with a tread surface that matches the design depth dimension and a kick-up surface with a dimension higher than the design height continuous via a polygonal line, and the angle between the two is variable about the polygonal line Shaped template,
At least a pair of left and right positioning plates for fixing the side ribs provided at least near both ends of the tread surface of all the template plates and positioning the inclination of all the template plates and the interval between the template plates;
In a state in which all the template plates are positioned by the positioning plates, connection fixing means for fixing back ribs provided on the tread back edges of all template plates to the kicking surfaces of adjacent template plates,
A bottom frame that erects the pair of positioning plates parallel to the longitudinal direction;
A mold apparatus for a precast concrete staircase, comprising a side plate that covers both sides of the mold plate and forms a mold frame into which concrete is poured together with the mold plate. In the precast concrete staircase form apparatus of Claim 1,
The connection fixing means comprises loose fixing means for allowing a back rib provided on the back edge of the tread of the template to slide in the height direction of the stairs with respect to the kicking surface of the adjacent template. Formwork equipment for precast concrete stairs. In the formwork apparatus of the precast concrete staircase according to claim 1 or 2,
The precast concrete staircase formwork apparatus characterized in that the sandwiching angle is variable within a range not exceeding an elastic limit of a metal plate that integrally constitutes the tread surface and the kick-up surface. In the formwork apparatus of the precast concrete staircase in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3,
The positioning plate has a template fixing part for fixing a side rib of the template and a work window into which a hand for operating the connection fixing means can be inserted after the template is fixed. Frame device. In the formwork apparatus of the precast concrete staircase in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4,
The positioning plate is divided into a plurality of parts in the longitudinal direction and fixed by cascade fixing means that are detachable from each other. A cross-section L-shaped with a tread surface that matches the design depth dimension and a kick-up surface with a dimension higher than the design height continuous via a polygonal line, and the angle between the two is variable about the polygonal line Arranged in the required number of steps with the polygonal lines in parallel,
Erect at least a pair of positioning plates parallel to the longitudinal direction,
After fixing the side ribs provided in the vicinity of both treads of all the template plates to the positioning plate, and positioning the inclination of all the template plates and the interval between the template plates,
Back ribs provided on the back edges of the treads of all the templates are fixed to the raised surfaces of the adjacent templates using a connecting fixing means,
Cover both sides of the template with side plates,
A method for producing a precast concrete staircase, wherein concrete is poured into a mold formed by the template and side plates and cured. In the manufacturing method of the precast concrete staircase of Claim 6,
The positioning plate is divided into a plurality of parts in the longitudinal direction and fixed by cascade fixing means that are detachable from each other.
When changing the formwork device for stairs with different heights of the kick-up surface,
A method for producing a precast concrete staircase, wherein the positioning plate divided by removing the cascade fixing means is replaced with a new positioning plate one by one. In the manufacturing method of the precast concrete staircase of Claim 6 or 7,
A precast concrete staircase, characterized in that, within the range below the elastic limit of a metal plate that integrally constitutes the tread surface and the kicking surface, the angle between the two is changed and set to the required kicking surface height Production method.

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