JP2009274126A - Method of and equipment for forming metal - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of and equipment for forming metal by which metal formed parts the strengthening or the ductility raising of which are attained are manufactured continuously and efficiently by pulverizing the metallographic structure of a material. <P>SOLUTION: This method is provided with: a first heating step where a first die 10 having a discharging port for discharging a material M<SB>1</SB>housed in a housing part is heated; a pressurizing-discharging step where the material M<SB>1</SB>which is housed in the housing part and heated is pressurized and discharged from the discharging port; a second heating step where a second die 20 to which a material M<SB>2</SB>which is discharged from the discharging port is supplied is heated; a supplying step where the material M<SB>2</SB>is supplied to the second die 20; and a forming step where the material M<SB>2</SB>is formed with the second die 20. In the pressurizing-discharging step, the metallographic structure of the material M<SB>1</SB>is pulverized by pressurizing the material M1 from a direction which cross the supplying direction of the material M<SB>2</SB>and causing shear deformation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a metal forming method and a metal forming equipment for manufacturing a metal molded product in which high strength, high ductility, or homogenization is achieved by refining a metal structure of a material having a metal structure.

  Conventionally, materials such as metal bodies and metal-containing ceramic bodies have a metal structure. However, by refining the metal structure by an ECAP (Equal-Channel Angular Pressing) method, the strength of the material is improved. It is known that ductility can be improved. In this ECAP method, as shown in FIG. 21, an insertion path 200 bent at a required angle is provided in the die 100, and a required metal body 300 is inserted into the insertion path 200 while being pressed by the plunger 400. Thus, the metal body 300 is bent along the insertion path 200, and along with this bending, shear stress is generated in the metal body 300 to refine the metal structure.

  As a metal processing method using such an ECAP method, for example, a shear deformation region of an insertion passage where a shear stress acts on a metal body is locally heated, and the deformation resistance of the shear deformation portion of the metal body is reduced by this heating. It has been proposed to reduce the force by which the plunger presses the metal body to improve workability. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

  In addition, as a method of refining only the metal structure of a part of the metal body, the probe provided on the end axis of the rotor is pressed against the required position of the metal body, and the rotor is rotated. There is known a method of friction stirring the contact portion of a metal body with a probe. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).

  In addition, as a method for producing a large amount of a metal body with a refined metal structure, in a low carbon steel or low carbon alloy steel having a predetermined composition, the cross-sectional area reduction rate is 60% or more in the process of cooling from a required high temperature state. A processing method is also known. (For example, refer to Patent Document 3).

Furthermore, by forming a low deformation resistance region in which the deformation resistance is locally reduced in the metal body and shearing a part of the low deformation resistance region to refine the metal structure of the metal body, shear deformation In addition, a metal working method has been introduced in which a low-deformation resistance region is generated in a concentrated manner and the metal structure in that portion is made extremely fine to improve the strength or ductility of the metal body. (For example, refer to Patent Document 4).
JP 2001-321825 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-51103 JP 11-334881 A Japanese Patent No. 4002273

  However, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, when the shear deformation region is heated, the metal body that has passed through the shear deformation region remains heated to a predetermined temperature, and is extruded from the insertion passage. The deformation resistance of the metal body as a whole is lowered. Therefore, in order to cause the metal body to continuously pass through the insertion passage and to repeatedly apply the shear stress, a cooling time is required for cooling until the metal body becomes a predetermined temperature or less and the deformation resistance increases. Therefore, the metal body cannot be continuously processed by the ECAP method in a time shorter than the cooling time, and the reality is that the productivity is extremely low.

  Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, the method using friction with the probe is extremely difficult to increase the processing speed, and thus has a problem that it is poor in mass productivity as in the case of the ECAP method.

  The metal body to which the method disclosed in Patent Document 3 can be applied is a low-carbon steel or low-carbon alloy steel having a special composition, and this method is applied to metal bodies having other compositions. I can't.

  Furthermore, the processing method disclosed in Patent Document 4 is directed to continuously forming various metal bodies or metal-containing ceramic bodies that have been increased in strength or ductility by refining the metal structure. Although disclosed, there is no mention of a method for producing a metal molded product while refining the metal structure of the material.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a metal that continuously and efficiently manufactures a metal molded product that has achieved high strength or high ductility by refining the metal structure of the material. An object is to provide a forming method and metal forming equipment.

  In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a first mold for heating a first mold having a housing portion in which a material having a metal structure is housed and a discharge port for discharging the material housed in the housing portion to the outside. 1 heating step, a pressurizing / discharging step of pressurizing the material accommodated and heated in the accommodating portion and discharging the material from the discharge port, and the heated second mold with the discharge A supply step of supplying a raw material discharged from the outlet and being heated; and a molding step of forming the raw material supplied to the second mold with the second die. In the step, a metal forming method is provided in which the material is pressed from a direction intersecting a supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold, and the material is subjected to shear deformation to refine the metal structure. is there.

  According to this metal forming method, the deformation resistance of the material can be reduced by the first heating step, and the material having the reduced deformation resistance in the pressurization / discharge step is used as the second mold. Since the pressure is applied from the direction intersecting the supply direction of the material supplied to the metal, the metal structure can be refined by shearing and deforming the material. Therefore, it is possible to increase the strength or the ductility of the material discharged from the discharge port. In addition, since the material supplied to the second mold in the molding process is a material that has been increased in strength or increased in ductility in the pressurization / discharge process, increased strength or increased ductility is achieved. It is possible to obtain a continuous metal molded product efficiently.

  In addition, the metal forming method according to the present invention can further include a temperature adjustment step of adjusting the temperature of the second mold to which the material discharged from the discharge port is supplied. This temperature adjustment process may be a second heating process for heating the second mold, or may be a process for cooling the material heated by the first mold. That is, in this temperature adjustment step, the material heated by the first mold is further heated, or the temperature of the material is maintained, depending on the type of material and the quality of the product that is finally desired. It can be arbitrarily selected such as cooling the material.

  In the pressurizing / discharging process, the direction of pressurizing the material may be a direction that intersects the supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold at an angle of 30 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less. Further, it is more preferable when the metal structure is refined by shear deformation of the material. In addition, the direction in which the material is pressurized is set to a direction that intersects the supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold at an angle of about 45 degrees. It is even more preferable for making the structure finer.

  In the metal forming method according to the present invention, the first mold includes a first upper mold and a first lower mold, and the first upper mold and the first lower mold are in contact with each other. A first abutting step for contacting may further be provided, and the pressurizing / discharging step may be performed after the first abutting step. According to this method, the discharge port can be defined by the space formed when the first upper mold and the first lower mold are in contact with each other in the first contact step.

  In addition, the metal forming method according to the present invention further includes a third mold which is disposed at the discharge port of the first mold and delimits the shape of the material supplied to the second mold. The method may further include a third heating step for heating the third mold. According to this method, when the shape of the material supplied to the second mold is defined by the third mold, the material can be heated, so that the metal structure of the material can be refined more efficiently. Can be

  In the metal forming method according to the present invention, the third mold is disposed in the first upper mold and the third upper mold is disposed in the first lower mold. In the first contact step, the third upper mold and the third lower mold can be brought into contact with the first upper mold and the first lower mold. .

  Furthermore, in the metal forming method according to the present invention, the second mold includes a second upper mold and a second lower mold. In the forming step, the second upper mold and the second mold are used. The material supplied between the lower mold and the lower mold can be molded.

  Furthermore, the metal forming method according to the present invention can press the substantially columnar material accommodated in the accommodating portion in the pressurizing / discharging process and discharge the substantially plate-shaped material from the discharge port. That is, the metal forming method according to the present invention can easily perform the processing from a substantially cylindrical shape to a substantially plate shape, which has been conventionally difficult.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a first mold in which a housing part in which a material having a metal structure is housed and a discharge port for discharging the material housed in the housing part to the outside are formed. A first heating device that heats the first mold to a predetermined temperature, a pressurizing device that pressurizes the material housed in the housing portion and discharges the material from the discharge port, and the discharge port. A second mold to which the discharged material is supplied, and the storage portion extends in a direction intersecting a supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold, and The pressure device provides a metal forming facility that pressurizes the material from the intersecting direction and shears and deforms the material to refine the metal structure.

  Since the metal forming equipment provided with this configuration can heat the material accommodated in the first mold by the first heating device, the deformation resistance of the material can be reduced. By pressurizing the material having decreased in the pressure device, the material can be discharged from the discharge port. Here, the storage portion extends in a direction intersecting with a supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold, and the pressurizing device pressurizes the material from the intersecting direction. The metal structure can be refined by shearing and deforming the material. Therefore, the material with a fine metal structure can be discharged from the discharge port and supplied to the second mold. Therefore, it is possible to continuously and efficiently obtain a metal molded product in which high strength or high ductility is achieved.

  The metal forming facility according to the present invention may further include a temperature adjusting device that adjusts the second mold to a predetermined temperature. The temperature adjusting device may be a second heating device that heats the second mold, or may be a cooling device that cools the material heated by the first mold. That is, this temperature adjusting device is a device that further heats the material heated by the first mold, or a device that maintains the temperature of the material, depending on the type of material, the quality of the product that is ultimately desired to be obtained, etc. A device for cooling the material can be arbitrarily selected.

  The pressurizing device may include a pressurizing unit that is inserted into the housing unit and pressurizes the material.

  In the metal forming facility according to the present invention, the housing portion is inclined in a direction intersecting at an angle of 30 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less with respect to a supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold. The pressurizing unit may be configured to pressurize the material along an inclination direction of the housing unit. In this way, by inclining the pressing direction, the material can be sheared and deformed more efficiently, and the metal structure can be refined, and a metal molded product with higher strength or higher ductility can be obtained. Can do. In addition, the direction in which the material is pressurized is set to a direction that intersects the supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold at an angle of about 45 degrees. It is even more preferable for making the structure finer.

  In the metal forming facility according to the present invention, the first mold includes a first upper mold and a first lower mold, and the discharge port includes the first upper mold and the first mold. It can also be configured so as to be defined by a space formed when the lower mold is brought into contact with the lower mold.

  In addition, the metal forming facility according to the present invention further includes a third mold which is disposed at the discharge port of the first mold and delimits the shape of the material supplied to the second mold. You can also.

  Furthermore, in the metal forming facility according to the present invention, the first mold includes a first upper mold and a first lower mold, and the third mold includes the first upper mold. A third upper mold disposed on the first lower mold and a third lower mold disposed on the first lower mold, wherein the third upper mold and the third lower mold are in contact with each other The discharge port may be defined by the space formed at the time, and the shape of the material supplied to the second mold may be defined.

  The metal forming facility according to the present invention may further include a third heating device that heats the third mold to a predetermined temperature. With this configuration, when the shape of the material supplied to the second mold is defined by the third mold, the third mold can be heated by the third heating device. Therefore, the material is also heated, and the metal structure of the material discharged from the discharge port can be further miniaturized.

  In the metal forming facility according to the present invention, the second mold includes a second upper mold and a second lower mold, and the second upper mold and the second lower mold are provided. In the meantime, it can be configured to receive the material supplied from the discharge port.

  Moreover, the said accommodating part can also be comprised from the substantially columnar hollow part demarcated by the inner wall of a said 1st metal mold | die. Furthermore, the third mold can mold the material into a substantially plate shape.

  According to the metal forming method and the metal forming equipment according to the present invention, the material with reduced deformation resistance is pressed from the direction intersecting the supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold, so that the material is sheared. The metal structure can be refined by deformation. As a result, it is possible to continuously and efficiently obtain a metal molded product in which high strength or high ductility is achieved.

  Next, a metal forming method and metal forming equipment according to preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, embodiment described below is the illustration for demonstrating this invention, and this invention is not limited only to these embodiment. Therefore, the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the gist thereof.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a metal forming facility for carrying out the metal forming method according to the present embodiment, and FIGS. 2 to 6 show the present embodiment using the metal forming facility shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows typically each process at the time of implementing the metal shaping | molding method concerning a form. In the drawings, for easy understanding, the thickness, size, enlargement / reduction ratio, etc. of each member are not matched with the actual ones. In the present embodiment, the direction in which the upper mold is disposed is defined as “upper”, and the direction in which the lower mold is disposed is defined as “lower”. However, the pair of molds is not limited to the vertical direction. It can be arranged at any position such as in the left-right direction.

As shown in FIG. 1, the metal forming facility 1 according to the present embodiment includes a housing portion 13 that houses a material M ₁ having a metal structure, and a _first outlet 14 that is formed at the lower end of the housing portion 13. , The second mold 20 to which the material M ₂ discharged from the discharge port 14 of the first mold 10 is supplied, and the third mold disposed in the first mold 10. The mold 30, the first heating device 40 that heats the first mold 10, the pressurizing device 50 that pressurizes the material M ₁ accommodated in the accommodating portion 13, and the second mold 20 that heats the second mold 20. 2 heating devices 60.

  The first mold 10 includes a first upper mold 11 and a first lower mold 12 which are a pair of upper and lower molds. A mold driving device (not shown) is connected to at least one of the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12, and the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 are connected to the mold drive. By the device, relative movement is possible in a direction toward each other (abutting direction) and a direction away from each other. In addition, the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 are configured to form a space 18 in which a second mold 20 to be described in detail later is disposed in contact with each other. .

The first upper mold 11 is formed with a storage portion 13 in which a material M ₁ having a metal structure (see FIGS. 2 to 4) is stored, and the lower end of the storage portion 13 communicates with the storage portion 13. A discharge port 14 is formed. The accommodating portion 13 is formed of a substantially cylindrical hollow portion defined by the inner wall of the first upper mold 11, and this hollow portion is a material M ₂ (FIG. 2) supplied to the second mold 20. To the supply direction (direction indicated by arrow X in FIG. 1) at an angle α shown in FIG. 1 (about 45 degrees in the present embodiment). Further, the upper portion of the housing portion 13, after the plunger 51 which is a component of a pressure device 50 which will be described is inserted in retractable, the material M ₁ housed in the housing portion 13, of the housing portion 13 Pressurization is performed at a desired pressure along the inner wall. Furthermore, the first upper mold 11 is provided with a heater 41 which is a component of the first heating device 40 described in detail later. Further, a third upper mold 31 to be described in detail later is provided on the surface of the first upper mold 11 that faces the first lower mold 12 and close to the second mold 20 to be described in detail later. An arrangement portion 15 to be arranged is formed.

  The first lower mold 12 is provided with a heater 42 which is a component of the first heating device 40 described in detail later. A third lower mold 32, which will be described later, is disposed on the surface of the first lower mold 12 facing the first upper mold 11 and in the vicinity of the second mold 20, which will be described in detail later. An arrangement portion 16 is provided. When the first upper mold 11 comes into contact with the first lower mold 12, the first upper mold 11, the lower end surface of the accommodating portion 13, the third upper mold 31, and the third lower mold 11 A discharge port 14 is defined by the mold 32.

The second mold 20 is disposed in a space 18 formed by the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12. The second mold 20 includes a second upper mold 21 and a second lower mold 22 that are a pair of upper and lower molds. The second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22 include The shafts 71 and 72 of the mold driving device 70 are connected to move these in a direction approaching (abutting direction) and a direction away from each other. When the second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22 are brought into contact with each other by the mold driving device, the material M ₂ supplied therebetween is pressed into a desired shape. A metal molded product (for example, see FIGS. 9 and 17 to 20) is manufactured. The second upper mold 21 is provided with a heater 61 that is a component of a second heating device 60 described in detail later. The second lower mold 22 has a second heating device 60. A heater 62 which is a component of the above is disposed.

The third mold 30 includes a third upper mold 31 and a third lower mold 32 which are a pair of upper and lower molds. The third upper mold 31 is detachably attached to the arrangement portion 15 formed on the first upper mold 11, and the third lower mold 32 is arranged on the first lower mold 12. It is attached to the installation part 16 so that attachment or detachment is possible. Therefore, the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 move together with the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 when they move relative to each other. Further, as described above, the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 define the shape of the discharge port 14, so that the shape of the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 depends on the shape of the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32. The shape of the material M ₂ supplied to the second mold 20 is determined. In the present embodiment, the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 having a configuration in which the material M ₂ has a substantially plate shape is selected.

Here, since the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 are detachably attached to the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12, respectively, they are supplied to the second mold 20. If a plurality of types of third upper mold 31 and third lower mold 32 having shapes respectively complementary to the desired shape of the material M ₂ to be prepared are prepared, the desired shape can be easily obtained simply by replacing them. it is possible to obtain a material M _2.

  In the present embodiment, the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 are heated by the first heating device 40 in the same manner as the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12. A third heating device for heating the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 may be further provided. In this case, the heating temperature of the first mold 10 and the third mold 30 can be controlled separately.

  The first heating device 40 is disposed on the first upper mold 11 and is disposed on the heater 41 that heats the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12. A temperature control unit (not shown) for monitoring the temperatures of the heater 42 to be heated, the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 and controlling the heating temperature is provided.

The pressurizing device 50 is inserted into the accommodating portion 13 so as to be able to advance and retract, and includes a plunger 51 that pressurizes the material M ₁ accommodated in the accommodating portion 13, a driving portion (not shown) that moves the plunger 51 forward and backward, and connected, the plunger 51 is provided with a pressure controller (not shown) for controlling the pressure applied to the material M _1. The plunger 51 has a substantially columnar shape, and has a size that forms a gap between the inner wall defining the housing portion 13 and a clearance enough to move forward and backward within the housing portion 13. The axis O (see FIG. 1) of the plunger 51 is inclined so as to intersect at an angle α (about 45 degrees in the present embodiment) with respect to the supply direction of the material M ₂ (the direction indicated by the arrow X in FIG. 1). is doing. Therefore, the plunger 51 pressurizes the material M ₁ along the inclination direction of the accommodating portion 13.

  The second heating device 60 is disposed on the second upper mold 21 and is disposed on the heater 61 that heats the second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22. A temperature control unit (not shown) for monitoring the temperatures of the heater 62 to be heated, the second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22 and controlling the heating temperature is provided.

  Next, a metal forming method using the metal forming facility 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.

  First, the first heating device 40 is operated to heat the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12, the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 to about 200 ° C. In addition, the second heating device 60 is activated to heat the second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22 to about 200 ° C.

Next, the substantially cylindrical material M ₁ is accommodated in the accommodating portion 13 formed in the first upper mold 11 heated to about 200 ° C. (See FIG. 2). At this time, the temperature of the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 is monitored by the above-described temperature control unit (not shown), and the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 are about 200. It will be held at ° C. Thereafter, the plunger 51 of the pressurizing device 50 is inserted into the upper portion of the accommodating portion 13. (See FIG. 2).

The material M ₁ can be composed of a single metal made of one kind of metal element. The material M ₁ may be composed of an alloy composed of two or more kinds of metal elements, or may be composed of an intermetallic compound composed of a metal element and a nonmetallic element. Furthermore, the material M ₁ does not have to have a uniform composition. For example, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 13, the first metal layer 101, the second metal layer 102, and the third metal layer are used. A laminate in which 103 is laminated may be used. At this time, the first metal layer 101, the second metal layer 102, and the third metal layer 103 may each be a required metal or alloy. The first metal layer 101, the second metal layer 102, and the third metal layer 103 may be laminated by simple polymerization, or may be laminated by plating, vapor deposition, pressure bonding, or the like. Here, the laminate is not limited to three layers, and an appropriate number may be polymerized to constitute the laminate.

Further, the material M ₁ is, for example, a calcined product obtained by calcining a mixture of the first metal powder 104 and the second metal powder 105 into a predetermined shape as shown in a schematic sectional view in FIG. It may be a body. At this time, not only the calcined body is composed of the two kinds of powders of the first metal powder 104 and the second metal powder 105, but the calcined body may be formed by further mixing various kinds of powders. In addition, not only metal powder but also non-metallic powder may be mixed to form a calcined body.

Further, the material M ₁ may be, for example, a filling body formed by filling a metal powder 107 into a hole of a porous body 106 having a predetermined shape, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. . The porous body may be filled not only with the metal powder 107 but also with a non-metal powder.

Furthermore, the material M ₁ is a metal wire bundle formed by bundling a plurality of first metal wires 108 and a plurality of second metal wires 109, for example, as shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. Also good. At this time, the metal wire bundle may be formed by bundling a variety of metal wire rods as well as forming the metal wire bundle with the two types of metal wire rods of the first metal wire rod 108 and the second metal wire rod 109.

As described above, the material M ₁ can be in various forms, and may be in any form as long as the metal structure is refined by shear deformation as described later.

In the present embodiment, the material M ₁ is made of aluminum having a substantially cylindrical shape that matches the shape of the housing portion 13 so that the material M ₁ is suitably housed in the housing portion 13.

  Next, the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 are relatively moved in a direction approaching (contacting direction) with a mold driving device (not shown). (See FIG. 3). At this time, for example, the first lower mold 12 may be fixed and the first upper mold 11 may be moved toward the first lower mold 12, and the first upper mold 11 may be fixed. The first lower mold 12 may be moved toward the first upper mold 11. Alternatively, both the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 may be moved. In this way, by bringing the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 into contact, as shown in FIG. 3, the first upper mold 11, the first lower mold 12, and the accommodating portion 13, the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 define the discharge port 14.

Next, in this state, the pressurizing device 50 is driven, and the plunger 51 is moved obliquely downward so that the material M ₁ accommodated in the accommodating portion 13 is about 200 ° C. at the processing temperature of aluminum alloy. Pressure is applied at a pressure of 870 (N / mm ² ) and at a pressure of about 630 (N / mm ² ) in the case of a magnesium alloy. (See FIG. 4). At this time, since the material M ₁ is heated to about 200 ° C., the deformation resistance is low, and is more likely to be deformed with the action of an external force than when not heated. Then, this deformation resistance so that the pressure is applied to the material M ₁ was reduced, the material M ₁ which this pressure is applied, at the outlet 14, the diagonal direction (the axis O direction shown in FIG. 1) 1 to a horizontal direction (arrow X direction shown in FIG. 1) while being bent into a substantially plate shape (see FIG. 7), and the metal structure is refined by the shear stress applied at this time. Here, as shown in FIG. 7, the substantially plate-shaped material M ₂ has a width W ₂ wider than the diameter W ₁ of the substantially cylindrical material M ₁ . Next, the material M ₂ in which the metal structure is refined is supplied between the second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22. (See FIG. 4). In the present embodiment, the extrusion speed of the material M ₁ is set to 17.30 mm / sec.

Next, by driving the die driving device 70 moves the shaft 71 and 72, is moved to the second upper die 21 and the second lower mold 22 to approach one another direction (abutting direction), molding material M ₂ To do. (See FIG. 5). At this time, the second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22 are heated to about 200 ° C., and the material M ₂ is press-molded by the second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22. Therefore, the metal structure is further refined.

Next, after cooling, the second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22 are moved away from each other by the mold driving device 70, and the press-molded molded article M ₃ (see FIG. 8) is taken out. As shown in FIG. 8, the molded product M ₃ is composed of a product part m ₁ to be a product and an unnecessary part (burr part) m ₂ . Next, the unnecessary portion m ₂ was removed from the product portion m ₁ (finishing process), and a metal molded product (invention product) in which the metal structure was refined to achieve high strength or high ductility was obtained. (See FIG. 9).

Next, as a comparison, a raw material composed of the same components as the raw material M ₁ is directly supplied to the second upper mold 21 and the second lower mold 22 heated at about 200 ° C. to perform press forming, thereby forming a metal molded product. (Comparative product) was obtained.

Next, the metal structures of the inventive product and the comparative product thus obtained were observed with an electron microscope. FIG. 10 is an optical micrograph of a metal structure of a metal molded product (invention product) obtained by the metal molding method according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 11 is a metal molded product obtained by a conventional metal molding method. It is an optical microscope photograph of the metal structure of (comparative product). Further, FIG. 22 is a photomicrograph of the metallic structure material M _1, the average grain size is about 20 [mu] m. In the product shown in FIG. 10, the average crystal grain size of the metal structure becomes about 5 μm by press forming after shearing deformation of the material M ₁ (magnesium alloy), compared with the material M ₁ shown in FIG. It can be seen that the average crystal grain size has been refined to about 1/4, and the average crystal grain size has been refined to about 1/5 of the crystal grain of the conventional metal structure shown in FIG. .

  Next, the yield strength, tensile strength, and uniform elongation of the invention product and the comparative product were compared. The result is shown in FIG. From FIG. 12, it can be seen that the inventive product can improve yield strength and tensile strength without increasing uniform elongation.

In the present embodiment, the case where the material M ₁ is heated to about 200 ° C. in the step of pressurizing the material M ₁ by the pressurizing device 50 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the temperature at which the material M ₁ is heated. Is not particularly limited as long as the temperature can reduce the deformation resistance of the material M ₁ , and can be arbitrarily set. For example, material M ₁ is if aluminum is preferably about 150 to 300 ° C.. Further, if the material M ₁ is magnesium, preferably about 170 to 250 ° C.. And also, the material M ₁ is a copper alloy (e.g., Cu-Zn) in the case of, preferably about 250 to 500 ° C..

In the present embodiment, the case where the material M ₁ and the material M ₂ are heated at substantially the same temperature has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the temperature at which the material M ₁ and the material M ₂ are heated is the material M. _It can be arbitrarily selected depending on the type and characteristics of ₁ and the characteristic values (strength, ductility, etc.) required for the metal molded product to be obtained. For example, when the material M ₁ is heated at a temperature higher than that of the material M ₂ , there is a tendency that the effect of quenching and strengthening the material such as quenching tends to be obtained, and the material M ₁ is heated at a temperature lower than that of the material M _2. When heated, the crystal grains tend to become finer.

In addition, depending on the type and characteristics of the material M ₁ and the characteristic values (strength, ductility, etc.) required for the metal molded product to be obtained, a cooling device for cooling the material M ₂ is arranged instead of the second heating device 60. You may set up. Specifically, the material M ₂ may be cooled. For example, when the extrusion speed of the material M ₁ is high, frictional heat may be generated. In such a case, it is possible to suppress the influence of the frictional heat by cooling the material M ₂ to a desired temperature. it can. Incidentally, as the extrusion rate of the material M ₁ is slow, metal crystal structure is stable, but uniform and fine crystal grain size is obtained, the slower the extrusion speed, time consuming and thus the metal mold, from the viewpoint of productivity Then, it is desired to increase the extrusion speed as much as possible. Accordingly, the type and characteristics material M _1, by selecting the extrusion rate by characteristic values necessary for metal casting obtained (strength and ductility, etc.) or the like, optimally a balance between the quality of productivity and metal casting can do.

As an example, FIG. 23 shows an optical micrograph of the metal structure when the extrusion speed of the material M ₁ is 0.07 mm / sec. The average crystal grain size of the invention product (FIG. 23) obtained at a slow extrusion speed is about 1 μm. Comparing FIG. 10 and FIG. 23, the invention product (FIG. 23) is obtained at a higher extrusion speed. It can be seen that the crystal structure of the metal is more stable than that of the inventive product (FIG. 10), and a uniform and fine crystal grain size is obtained.

In the present embodiment, the case where the substantially cylindrical material M ₁ is used has been described. However, the shape of the material M ₁ is not limited to this. For example, the shape of the material M ₁ is an approximately circular shape whose section perpendicular to the axis is elliptical. There is no particular limitation such as a columnar shape, a substantially cylindrical shape with a rectangular cross section, and a substantially cylindrical shape with a polygonal cross section.

Further, for example, when manufacturing a metal molded product having a complicated shape as shown in FIGS. 17 to 20 as a final product, the molding load when molding the material M ₂ is increased, Forging can also be performed to shape the shape.

Further, in the present embodiment, the accommodating portion 13 is inclined by about 45 degrees with respect to the supply direction of the material M ₂ supplied to the second mold 20 (the direction indicated by the arrow X in FIG. 1). The case where the material M ₁ accommodated in the container is pressurized from the direction intersecting (inclining) at about 45 degrees with respect to the supply direction of the material M ₂ has been described. If the material M ₁ can be pressurized from the direction intersecting the supply direction of the material M ₂ and discharged from the discharge port 14, the intersecting angle α is, for example, 0 <α ≦ 90 or the like. Can be determined.

Here, for example, when the conditions such as pressure and the shape and size of the material M ₁ are the same, the extrusion rate of the material M ₁ decreases as the angle α is closer to 90 degrees, and the angle α is closer to 0 degrees. , the extrusion rate of the material M ₁ is increased. Therefore, by selecting the inclination angle of the accommodating portion 13 according to the type and characteristics of the material M ₁ and the characteristic values (strength, ductility, etc.) required for the obtained metal molded product, productivity and quality of the metal molded product can be obtained. The balance can be optimized.

Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the first mold 10 including the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first mold 10 is accommodated. The material M ₁ accommodated in the portion 13 is pressurized from the direction intersecting the supply direction of the material M ₂ , the metal structure of the material M ₁ is refined and discharged from the discharge port 14, and is supplied to the second mold 20. As long as it can supply, you may provide other structures, such as the structure which integrated the 1st upper mold | type 11 and the 1st lower mold | type 12, for example.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the third upper mold 31 and the third lower mold 32 are respectively disposed on the first upper mold 11 and the first lower mold 12 has been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Instead, the first mold 10 may have the function of the third mold 30.

It is sectional drawing which shows typically the metal forming equipment for enforcing the metal forming method concerning this Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows typically a part of process at the time of implementing the metal shaping | molding method concerning this Embodiment using the metal shaping equipment shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows typically a part of process at the time of implementing the metal shaping | molding method concerning this Embodiment using the metal shaping equipment shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows typically a part of process at the time of implementing the metal shaping | molding method concerning this Embodiment using the metal shaping equipment shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows typically a part of process at the time of implementing the metal shaping | molding method concerning this Embodiment using the metal shaping equipment shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows typically a part of process at the time of implementing the metal shaping | molding method concerning this Embodiment using the metal shaping equipment shown in FIG. When the step shown in FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a plan view of the material M _2. It is a perspective view of the molded product obtained at the process shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the metal molded product which finished the molded product obtained at the process shown in FIG. 6, and made it into a product. It is an optical microscope photograph of the metal structure of the metal molded product (invention product) obtained by the metal molding method according to the present embodiment. It is an optical microscope photograph of the metal structure of the metal molded product (comparative product) obtained by the conventional metal forming method. It is a figure which shows the physical property of the metal molded product (invention product) obtained with the metal forming method concerning this Embodiment, and the physical property of the metal molded product (comparative product) obtained with the conventional metal forming method. It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the material M _1. It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the material M _1. It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the material M _1. It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the material M _1. It is a perspective view of the metal molded product (product) which has another shape obtained with the metal forming method concerning this Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the metal molded product (product) which has another shape obtained with the metal forming method concerning this Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the metal molded product (product) which has another shape obtained with the metal forming method concerning this Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the metal molded product (product) which has another shape obtained with the metal forming method concerning this Embodiment. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the conventional ECAP method. It is an optical microscope photograph of the metallic structure material M _1. It is an optical microscope photograph of the metal structure of the metal molded product (invention product) obtained by the metal forming method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Metal molding equipment, 10 ... 1st metal mold | die, 11 ... 1st upper metal mold | die, 12 ... 1st lower metal mold | die, 13 ... Storage part, 14 ... Outlet, 20 ... 2nd metal mold | die, 21 ... 2nd upper mold, 22 ... 2nd lower mold, 30 ... 3rd metal mold, 31 ... 3rd upper mold, 32 ... 3rd lower mold, 40 ... 1st heating apparatus, 50 ... Pressurization device, 51 ... plunger, 60 ... second heating device, 70 ... die driving device, M _1, M ₂ ... material

Claims (21)

A first heating step of heating a first mold having a housing portion in which a material having a metal structure is housed, and a discharge port for discharging the material housed in the housing portion to the outside;
A pressurizing / discharging step of pressurizing the material housed and heated in the housing portion and discharging the material from the discharge port;
A supply step of supplying the heated second mold with a material discharged from the discharge port and heated;
A molding step of molding the material supplied to the second mold with the second mold;
With
In the pressurizing / discharging step, the metal forming method of pressurizing the material from a direction crossing the supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold and shearing the material to refine the metal structure .   The metal forming method according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature adjustment step of adjusting a temperature of the second mold to which the material discharged from the discharge port is supplied.   The metal forming method according to claim 2, wherein the temperature adjusting step is a second heating step of heating the second mold.   The pressurizing and discharging step pressurizes the raw material in a direction intersecting with an angle of 30 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less with respect to a supply direction of the raw material supplied to the second mold. 4. The metal forming method according to any one of 3 above. The first mold includes a first upper mold and a first lower mold,
A first abutting step of abutting the first upper mold with the first lower mold;
The metal forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressurizing and discharging step is performed after the first contact step. A third mold that is disposed at the discharge port of the first mold and defines a shape of a material supplied to the second mold;
The metal forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a third heating step of heating the third mold. The third mold includes a third upper mold disposed on the first upper mold and a third lower mold disposed on the first lower mold,
The metal forming method according to claim 6, wherein the first abutting step abuts the third upper mold and the third lower mold together with the first upper mold and the first lower mold. The second mold includes a second upper mold and a second lower mold,
The metal forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the forming step, a material supplied between the second upper mold and the second lower mold is formed.   The said pressurization / discharge | emission process pressurizes the substantially columnar raw material accommodated in the said accommodating part, and discharge | emits a substantially plate-shaped raw material from the said discharge port. Metal forming method. A first mold having a housing portion in which a material having a metal structure is housed, and a discharge port for discharging the material housed in the housing portion to the outside;
A first heating device for heating the first mold to a predetermined temperature;
A pressurizing device that pressurizes the material housed in the housing portion and discharges the material from the discharge port;
A second mold to which the material discharged from the discharge port is supplied;
With
The housing portion extends in a direction intersecting a supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold, and the pressurizing device pressurizes the material from the intersecting direction, Metal forming equipment that refines the metal structure by shear deformation.   The metal forming facility according to claim 10, further comprising a temperature adjusting device that adjusts the second mold to a predetermined temperature.   The metal forming facility according to claim 11, wherein the temperature adjusting device is a second heating device that heats the second mold.   The metal forming facility according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the pressurizing device includes a pressurizing unit that is inserted into the housing unit and pressurizes the material. The accommodating portion is arranged to be inclined in a direction intersecting at an angle of 30 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less with respect to a supply direction of the material supplied to the second mold,
The metal forming facility according to claim 13, wherein the pressurizing unit pressurizes the material along an inclination direction of the housing unit.   The first mold includes a first upper mold and a first lower mold, and the discharge port is formed when the first upper mold and the first lower mold are brought into contact with each other. 15. The metal forming facility according to claim 10, wherein the metal forming facility is defined by a space.   16. The device according to claim 10, further comprising a third mold that is disposed at the discharge port of the first mold and defines a shape of a material supplied to the second mold. Metal forming equipment given in one paragraph. The first mold includes a first upper mold and a first lower mold,
The third mold includes a third upper mold disposed on the first upper mold and a third lower mold disposed on the first lower mold. 11. The discharge port is defined by a space formed when the upper mold and the third lower mold are in contact with each other, and the shape of the material supplied to the second mold is defined. The metal forming facility according to any one of 16.   The metal forming facility according to claim 16 or 17, further comprising a third heating device for heating the third mold to a predetermined temperature.   The second mold includes a second upper mold and a second lower mold, and the material supplied from the discharge port between the second upper mold and the second lower mold. The metal forming facility according to any one of claims 10 to 18, which receives   The metal forming facility according to any one of claims 10 to 19, wherein the housing portion is formed of a substantially columnar hollow portion defined by an inner wall of the first mold.   The said 3rd metal mold | die equipment as described in any one of Claim 16 thru | or 20 which shape | molds the said raw material in substantially plate shape.