JP2009257864A - Device for checking loading condition of transportation vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To keep the weight of a cargo to an allowable maximum loading weight or lower, to keep a load on the axle of front wheels to an allowable minimum rate of the total weight of a vehicle body when the vehicle being loaded or higher and to an allowable maximum load on an axle or lower, and to keep a load on the axle of rear wheels to an allowable maximum load on an axle or lower, by using a device mounted on a transportation vehicle loaded with a cargo. <P>SOLUTION: Load cells are placed between an axle and a vehicle body. The weight of a cargo being loaded on the transportation vehicle is calculated based on the loads measured by each of the load cells for a case where there is no cargo on the vehicle and a case where there is cargo, and a target loading weight is compared with the weight of the cargo by a computing processing means. When the loading weight exceeds the target loading weight, the weight when the vehicle being loaded is recalculated by the computing processing means, and a calculated new weight of a cargo is displayed to load the target loading weight. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for confirming a loading state of a transport vehicle, and more particularly to an apparatus for achieving traveling stability of a transport vehicle on which a load is loaded.

If the transport vehicle is loaded with a load exceeding the allowable load weight, that is, if the vehicle continues to run for a long time with a load exceeding the allowable load applied to the axle, it will be damaged due to material fatigue. However, it may occur in parts such as bolts and hubs to which the wheel is attached, and may cause a serious failure that the wheel falls off during traveling.
Moreover, since the brake is not functioning normally, it causes a traffic accident.
Furthermore, since the tire contact pressure is excessive, the life of the tire is shortened and road damage is accelerated.

However, even if a load less than the maximum allowable load weight is loaded and the vehicle is traveling with the center of gravity of the load being too close to the rear wheel, the ground pressure on the front wheel is reduced and the steering wheel operation, so-called traveling is performed. The change of direction becomes unstable, causing a traffic accident.

In addition, even when a load with the maximum allowable load weight is loaded, if the vehicle is traveling with the center of gravity of the load being too close to the front wheels, the ground pressure on the front wheels will increase, leading to faster front wheel wear. Puncture is likely to occur, causing a traffic accident.

For this reason, the axle load on the front wheels of a transport vehicle is 20% or more of the total vehicle weight when a load with the maximum allowable load weight is loaded, even when a load with the maximum allowable load weight is loaded. Therefore, it is regulated to be 10 tons or less.

For semi-trailer trucks, the rear wheel of the tractor is fully braked when the exhaust brake is used when the center of gravity of the load is close to the rear wheel of the trailer, even if the load of allowable load is loaded. As a result, the tractor is pushed from the trailer, and has a unique problem that the tractor is bent in a “square shape” around the coupler and easily rolls over.

Also, when traveling with the load center of gravity close to the coupler, switching the traveling direction is possible if the ground pressure on the front wheel of the tractor is low even if the load is less than the maximum allowable loading weight. May become unstable and cause traffic accidents.

  Due to the above circumstances, in order to run a transported vehicle loaded safely, the weight of the load must be kept below the allowable loading load, and at the same time, an appropriate load is applied to the wheel shaft to ensure stability during travel. Must be secured.

  However, there is no existing method for confirming that an appropriate load is applied to the wheel shaft while the load is being loaded on the transport vehicle.

In addition, Patent Document 1 discloses a “loading state measurement method” for a load loaded on a transport vehicle. However, this measurement method moves a load appropriately and applies a uniform load to all wheels. It is characterized in that the load is applied, and the load applied to each axle is not measured for the purpose of applying a load suitable for each axis of the front wheel and the rear wheel.

A method of measuring the weight of a load loaded on a semi-trailer truck is disclosed in Patent Document 2, but this method is used in the vicinity of both ends of the rear wheel shaft of the tractor and the both ends of the rear wheel shaft of the trailer. It is calculated using the load of the load cell, the weight of the tractor and the weight of the trailer.
However, since the trailer is frequently replaced for the convenience of transportation work, the weight changes each time the trailer is replaced.
For this reason, in order to accurately measure the weight of the load loaded on the semi-trailer truck by the calculation method of Patent Document 2, it is necessary to check the accurate weight of the trailer every time the trailer is replaced.

JP 2002-54983 Japanese Patent No. 4061558

Using the equipment mounted on the transport vehicle carrying the load, the weight of the load is below the maximum allowable load weight, and the axle load of the front wheels is above the minimum allowable percentage of the total body weight when the vehicle is Keep the load below the maximum axle load and the rear wheel axle load below the maximum allowable axle load.

In a transport vehicle equipped with a “wheel suspension device equipped with an air spring”, a load cell is installed between the axle portion near the tire and the vehicle body, and the vehicle body descended by communicating the air chamber of the air spring to the atmosphere, the load cell Put it on.
The load on each load cell is measured when no load is loaded (hereinafter referred to as “when the vehicle is empty”) and when a load is loaded (hereinafter referred to as “when the vehicle is loaded”).
The weight of the load loaded on the transport vehicle is calculated by subtracting the sum of the load of each load cell at the time of empty vehicle from the sum of the load of each load cell at the time of loading.
Based on the calculated weight of the load, the load weight of the load is added or reduced to make it less than the maximum allowable load weight.
Furthermore, the center of gravity of the load is moved while checking the load of each load cell during loading, and the front wheel axle load is greater than the allowable minimum percentage of the total body weight when loading, and the maximum allowable axis Adjust below the load.
In addition, the rear wheel axle load is adjusted to be less than or equal to the maximum allowable axle load by moving the center of gravity of the load while examining the load on each load cell during loading.

While loading the load on the transport vehicle, it is very easy to keep the weight of the load within the allowable maximum load weight, and the minimum allowable percentage of the total body weight when loading the front wheel axle load Thus, the rear wheel axial load can be stored within the allowable maximum axial load below the allowable maximum axial load.
For this reason, the “wheel dropout accident due to material fatigue failure” and the malfunction of the brake caused by the loaded state of the load do not occur.

Since excessive loads can be eliminated, the fuel consumption efficiency is improved, and the amount of CO2 gas, which is a cause of global warming, and NOX gas, which is a cause of air pollution, are contained in the exhaust gas.
For this reason, excessive environmental pollution resulting from the transport vehicle can be prevented.

In semi-trailer trucks, the axle load of the front wheel of the tractor is equal to or greater than the minimum allowable percentage of the total weight of the vehicle body when loaded, below the maximum allowable axis load, and the fifth wheel load of the trailer and the rear wheel axis. The load can be kept below the allowable load.
For this reason, a semi-trailer truck rollover accident caused by exhaust brakes and a wheel dropout accident caused by material fatigue failure do not occur.

The transport vehicle is designed so that traveling stability can be obtained by setting the axle load of the axle below the allowable maximum load under the allowable maximum load weight.

For this reason, in order to improve the running stability of a transport vehicle loaded with loads, the weight of the load is less than the maximum allowable load weight, and the center of gravity of the loaded load is aligned with the appropriate position of the transport vehicle. It is important that

The “device (A) for confirming the loading state of the transport vehicle” (hereinafter referred to as “confirmation device (A)”) according to the present invention determines whether the weight of the loaded load and the position of the load are appropriate. It is composed of control means, computer processing means, display means, printing means, and wiring connecting them.

In the transport vehicle equipped with the confirmation device (A), the front wheels and the rear wheels are mounted on the “wheel suspension device having an air spring”, and the respective axles in the vicinity of the front wheels facing each of the load cells A1 and A2. And between the vehicle body and the vehicle body, each load cell B1, B2 is mounted between the vehicle body and the respective axles in the vicinity of the rear wheels facing each other.

FIG. 5A is a graph showing the performance of the load cell A1, and FIG. 5B is a graph showing the performance of the load cell B1. In these graphs, the voltage generated in the load cell and the load cell are shown. The portion in which the load applied to is proportional to the load is displayed.
The load applied to the load cell is determined based on the generated voltage if the slope of the voltage, load and characteristic at one point is clarified in the characteristic range where the relationship between the voltage and load in the load cell is proportional. It turns out as a load corresponding to.

Therefore, when confirming the weight of the load, first, the vehicle body is lowered by communicating the air chambers of all the air springs of the respective wheel suspensions to the atmosphere, and the lowered carrier is loaded on the load cells A1, A2, B1, B2. When the load cell is placed, that is, when the load cell supports the vehicle body, the voltage generated in each load cell is measured.
Next, based on the characteristic that the load applied to the load cell and the generated voltage are in a proportional relationship, the load of each pressed load cell can be calculated from the voltage measured in each load cell.

  FIG. 6 shows a flowchart showing the operation of the confirmation device (A) of the present invention, and this flowchart makes it possible to load a load having an allowable maximum load weight ΔWmax on a transport vehicle.

FIG. 6 shows the load of each load cell when the load cells A1, A2, B1, and B2 support the vehicle body when the vehicle is empty as empty WA1, empty WA2, empty WB1, and empty WB2.
Further, the load of each load cell when the load cells A1, A2, B1, and B2 support the vehicle body at the time of loading is indicated as a product WA1, a product WA2, a product WB1, and a product WB2.

The operation of the “confirming device (A)” of the present invention is to turn on the switch K1 of the power source of the confirming device (A) in the normal state in which the air spring is discharged and the air chamber communicates with the atmosphere as described above. First, the load of each load cell when empty is measured as empty WA1, empty WA2, empty WB1, empty WB2, and then the load of each load cell when loading is determined as product WA1, product WA2, Measured as product WB1, product WB2.
The load of all the load cells is automatically measured by combining the control means, the computer processing means, each load cell, and the relationship between the load and the generated voltage in each load cell.

Next, the measurement values of empty WA1, empty WA2, empty WB1, empty WB2, product WA1, product WA2, product WB1, and product WB2 are stored by the computer processing means, and based on these stored loads, Weight ΔW is ΔW = (product WA1 + product WA2 + product WB1 + product WB2)
-(Empty WA1 + empty WA2 + empty WB1 + empty WB2)
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ (1)
It is calculated from the formula.

The weight ΔW of the load is calculated by the computer processing means using Equation (1), and the calculated weight ΔW of the load is displayed by the display means.

If the load weight ΔW is less than the maximum allowable load weight ΔWmax, the additional load weight ΔW calculated again is displayed when the load is added and loaded.
For this reason, it is possible to continue loading with additional loads while observing the displayed load weight ΔW, so that the load weight reaches the allowable maximum load weight ΔWmax.

If the weight of the load ΔW exceeds the maximum allowable load weight ΔWmax, if a part of the load is lowered, the weight of the reduced load ΔW is calculated again in the same way as the previous time. ΔW is displayed.
Therefore, it is possible to continue to unload the load while observing the displayed load weight ΔW, so that the load weight reaches the allowable maximum load weight ΔWmax.

  Since the weight of the loaded load ΔW is displayed, if the determination criterion is set to “target load weight” in the “determination process” after calculating the loaded weight ΔW, the allowable maximum load weight In the same manner as the process of loading up to ΔWmax, the load weight ΔW of the load can be set to the “weight targeted for loading” or less.

After the loading of the load is finished, the weight ΔW of the load loaded on the loading platform is printed on the transfer slip or the transfer certificate by the printing means.

After printing the weight of the load ΔW, the load is loaded by turning off the power switch K1 of the confirmation device (A), filling the air spring with air, and raising the vehicle body. Make the transport vehicle ready to travel.

The weight ΔW of the load may be calculated as follows instead of the above formula (1).
Since the axial load of the front wheel shaft during loading is an increase of the axial load of the front wheel shaft during empty loading, the increased weight ΔWA of the front wheel shaft load ΔWA = (product WA1−empty WA1)
+ (Product WA2-Empty WA2) ----------- (2)
The following formula is established.

Since the axial load of the rear wheel shaft during loading is an increase of the axial load of the rear wheel shaft during empty loading, the increased weight ΔWB of the rear wheel shaft load is ΔWB = (product WB1−empty WB1)
+ (Product WB2-empty WB2) ----------- (3)
The following formula is established.

Therefore, the weight △ W of the load is △ W = △ WA + △ WB ------------------ (4)
The following formula is established.

The “device for checking the loading state of a transport vehicle” according to the present invention can be mounted on a transport vehicle such as a truck, a tank truck, a bus, a semi-trailer truck, and a dump truck to prevent overloading of the load. become.
If it becomes possible to prevent overloading of the load, it will be possible to save fuel and reduce CO2 gas, the cause of global warming, compared to the case of overloading. Lengthen.
Therefore, the “device (A) for confirming the loading state of the transport vehicle” of the present invention exhibits such advantages and contributes to the development of the industry.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which the weight ΔW of the load 9 loaded on the trailer 3 of the semi-trailer truck 1 is dispersed.
The semi-trailer truck 1 has a trailer 3 connected to a tractor 2 via a coupler 4, and load cells A1 and A2 are installed between the respective axles and the vehicle body near the rear wheel 5 facing the tractor 2. The load cells B1 and B2 are installed between the respective axles in the vicinity of the rear wheel 7 facing the trailer 3 and the vehicle body, and the “device for checking the loaded state of the transport vehicle (B)” according to the present invention (Referred to as “confirming device (B)”) is installed in the cab of the tractor 2.
Each axle near the front wheels facing each other

The confirmation device (B) is for confirming whether or not the weight of the loaded load and the position of the load are appropriate, and connects the control means, the computer processing means, the display means, and the printing means. It is made up of wiring.

ΔWf displayed in FIG. 3 is a load acting on the center of the coupler 4 (hereinafter referred to as “fifth wheel load”), and when the vehicle is empty, the weight of the trailer 3 is dispersed and acts. This is a load in which the vehicle weight of the trailer 3 and the weight of the load are acting in a distributed manner when the vehicle is loaded.
△ R displayed in FIG. 3 is the increased axial load of the front wheel when the tractor 2 is empty due to the load being loaded, and △ WA is the tractor 2 due to the load being loaded. Is the increased axial load of the rear wheel 5 when the vehicle is empty, and ΔWB is the increased amount of increase in the axial load of the rear wheel 7 when the trailer 3 is empty by loading the load. Axial load.
L shown in FIG. 3 is the wheel base of the tractor 2, and A is the horizontal distance from the center of the coupler 4 to the axle of the rear wheel 5 of the tractor 2.

Similar to (2) and (3)
ΔWA = (product WA1−empty WA1) + (product WA2−empty WA2) −−− (5)
ΔWB = (product WB1-empty WB1) + (product WB2-empty WB2) --- (6)
The following formula is established.
ΔWA and ΔWB are calculated by the computer processing means, and the calculated ΔWA and ΔWB are stored in the computer processing means.

The air chamber of the air spring 6 is communicated with the atmosphere, and the vehicle body of the tractor is lowered.
The load cells A1 and A2 operate by supporting the vehicle body frame when the vehicle body of the tractor is lowered.
For this reason, the increased axial load ΔWA of the axial load of the rear wheel 5 of the tractor 2 can be calculated by the computer processing means based on the formula (5).

The fifth wheel load corresponding to the increase in the fifth wheel load at the time of emptying due to the loading of the trailer 3 is defined as ΔWf.
Since the increased load of the fifth wheel load ΔWf is dispersed in the axial load of the front wheel of the tractor 2 and the axial load of the rear wheel 5,
△ Wf = △ WA + △ R ----------------- (7)
The following formula is established.

Also, from the moment relationship between “the center point of the coupler 4 in the vehicle body of the tractor 2” and “the vehicle body of the tractor 2”, ΔWA × A = ΔR × (LA) ----------- ‐‐‐ (8)
The formula of erects.

If formula (8) is transformed,
ΔR = ΔWA × A / (LA) ------------ (9)
The following formula is established.

Substituting equation (9) into equation (7),
ΔWf = ΔWA + [ΔWA × A / (LA)]
= ΔWA (1 + A / (LA))
= △ WA × L / (LA) ----------- (10)
The following formula is established.
The increase load ΔWf of the fifth wheel load is calculated by the computer processing means, and the calculated increase load ΔWf of the fifth wheel load is stored in the computer processing means.

However, since the weight of the load 9 is distributed to the increased axial load ΔWB of the rear wheel 7 in the trailer 3 and the increased load of the fifth wheel load ΔWf,
△ W = △ WB + △ Wf ----------------- (11)
The following formula is established.

Substituting Equation (10) into Equation (11), the weight of the load ΔW is ΔW = ΔWB + [ΔWA × L / (LA)] -------- (12)
The following formula is established.
Therefore, if the loads on the load cells A1, A2, B1, B2 when empty and the loads on the load cells A1, A2, B1, B2 when loaded are measured, the weight ΔW of the load loaded on the trailer 3 is calculated. be able to.
The calculated load weight ΔW is stored in the computer processing means and displayed on the display means.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the confirmation device (B). With this flowchart, it is possible to load the trailer 3 with a load having a maximum allowable load weight ΔWmax or a load having a weight less than that. become.

In the step of determining the loading weight ΔW in FIG. 7, if the allowable maximum loading weight ΔWmax is replaced with the loading target weight, a load having a loading target weight or a load having a weight smaller than that is loaded on the trailer 3. It becomes possible.

In Patent Document 2, the vehicle weight W1 of the tractor 2 and the vehicle weight W0 of the trailer 3 are required for calculating the load ΔW of the load.
However, the method for calculating the load ΔW of the load in the checking apparatus (B) of the present invention is as follows. Even if it is not, it is completely different from the calculation method of Patent Document 2 in that the load ΔW of the load can be calculated.
Therefore, the calculation method of the loading weight ΔW by the confirmation apparatus (B) of the present invention cannot be conceived from Patent Document 2, and is a novel calculation method.

  The calculation method of the loading weight ΔW by the confirmation device (B) of the present invention does not use the vehicle body weight W1 of the tractor 2 and the vehicle body weight W0 of the trailer 3, so even if the trailer is replaced for convenience of transportation, There is an advantage that the weight can be measured.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a semi-trailer truck 1 equipped with a “device 10 for confirming the loading state of a transport vehicle” (hereinafter referred to as “confirmation device 10”) of the present invention.
The semi-trailer truck 1 has a trailer 3 connected to a tractor 2 via a coupler 4, and load cells A 1 and A 2 are installed at both ends of the axle of the rear wheel 5 of the tractor 2, Load cells B1 and B2 are installed at both ends of the axle of the wheel 7, and the confirmation device 10 of the present invention is installed in the cab of the tractor 2.

The apparatus 10 to be confirmed includes a connector 15, a control means 11, a computer processing means 12, a display means 13, a printing means 14, and wiring 56 for causing them to function. The operation of the confirmation device 10 is displayed as a block.

2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line YY in FIG. 1. The load cells A1 and A2 and the air springs 6 and 6 are under the vehicle body of the tractor 2, and the load cells B1 and B2 and the air springs 8 and 8 are the vehicle body of the trailer 3. It indicates that it is installed below.

The trailer 3 of the semi-trailer truck 1 is frequently replaced for convenience of transportation work.
For this reason, the confirmation device 10 installed in the tractor 2 and the “load cells B1 and B2” installed in the trailer 3 are connected by the wiring 56 via the connector 15.

8 is a manual switch for turning on / off the power of the confirmation device 10, and K2 is an automatic switch for switching between the load cells A1 and A2 on the tractor 2 side and the load cells B1 and B2 on the trailer 3 side. K3 is an automatic switch for switching between the load cells A1 and A2, and K4 is an automatic switch for switching between the load cells B1 and B2.
The automatic switches K2, K3, K4 are automatically operated by the control means 11.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation flow of the confirmation device 10. The flowchart showing the operation flow of the confirmation device (B) in FIG. 7 includes the fifth wheel load Wf, the front wheel of the tractor during loading. A process for determining the appropriateness of the shaft load R relating to the shaft 57, the shaft load WB of the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 and the right and left shaft load difference ratio H applied to the axle of the rear wheel 7 is added. is there.

The flowchart showing the operation flow of the confirmation device 10 includes a step of determining whether or not the weight ΔW of the load 9 is “allowable maximum load weight ΔWmax or less”. As in (B), add the load or reduce the load appropriately while looking at the displayed load weight △ W, and load the load with the maximum allowable load weight △ Wmax or less. It can be loaded on the trailer 3.
Further, if the determination of “allowable maximum load weight ΔWmax or less” is changed to “below load target weight”, a load with a load target weight or a load with a weight less than that can be loaded onto the trailer 3. It becomes possible.

The total load acting on the center point 56 of the coupler 4 in the vehicle body of the tractor 2 at the time of loading is determined as G.
From the relationship of the moment about the total load G of the coupler 4 center point 56, the axial load R of the front wheel shaft of the tractor 2, and the axial load WA of the rear wheel 5 of the tractor 2,
WA × A = (G-WA) × (LA) ------------ (13)
The following formula is established.
Organizing (11)
G = WA + WA × A / (LA)
= WA [1 + A / (LA)] ------------- (14)
The following formula is established.

The fifth wheel load Wf is a value obtained by subtracting the vehicle body weight W1 of the tractor from the total load G applied to the center point 56 of the coupler 4 at the time of loading.
Fifth wheel load Wf = G-W1 ---------------- (15)
The following formula is established.
By substituting equation (14) into equation (15),
Fifth wheel load Wf = WA [1 + A / (LA)]-W1 ----- (16)
The following formula is established.

Since the axial load WA of the rear wheel 5 of the tractor 2 at the time of loading is the sum of the load “product WA1” generated in the load cell A1 and the load “product WA2” generated in the load cell A2.
WA = product WA1 + product WA2 --------------- (17)
The following formula is established.

By substituting equation (17) into equation (16),
Fifth wheel load Wf
= (Product WA1 + product WA2) × [1 + A / (LA)] − W1 −− (18)
The following formula is established.

The fifth wheel load Wf includes the numerical values of A, L, and W1 displayed in the vehicle verification of the tractor 2, the load “product WA1” of the load cell A1 measured at the time of loading, and the load “product WA2” generated in the load cell A2. "Can be calculated by substituting"
The fifth wheel load Wf at the time of loading calculated by Equation (18) does not use the body weight of the trailer 3 as is apparent from Equation (18), so it should be calculated without any problem even if the trailer 3 is replaced. There is an advantage that can be.

The calculated fifth wheel load Wf at the time of loading is stored in the computer processing means 12 and displayed on the display means 13.
Therefore, if the load 9 is moved, the fifth wheel load Wf at the position of the moved load is calculated by the computer processing means 12 and displayed on the display means 14.

When the fifth wheel load Wf exceeds the allowable maximum fifth wheel load Wfmax, the load 9 is moved toward the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 while viewing the newly displayed fifth wheel load Wf. Thus, the fifth wheel load Wf may be moved to a position where it is smaller than the allowable maximum fifth wheel load Wfmax.

The minimum allowable front wheel load Rmin when loading when the minimum allowable load for front wheel load is set to M% is
Allowable minimum load Rmin on front wheel axle when loading
= Minimum proportion of front axle load when loading x Maximum allowable vehicle total weight Wmax when loading
= M% × Maximum vehicle allowable total weight Wmax when loading a vehicle Wmax
It is defined as a value calculated by the mathematical formula.
Here, the vehicle allowable maximum total weight Wmax when the tractor 2 is loaded is
Maximum allowable vehicle weight Wmax when loading
= Tractor weight W1 + Maximum allowable fifth wheel load Wf when loading
+ Weight of 3 crew members ---------------- (20)
By substituting Equation (18) into Equation (17), the allowable minimum load Rmin of the front wheel axle during loading
= M% × (tractor weight W1 + maximum fifth wheel load Wf when loaded)
+ Weight of 3 passengers) ---------------- (21)
The following formula is established.

The allowable minimum load ratio M% of the front wheel shaft at the time of loading is defined as 20% based on the laws and regulations relating to the transport vehicle, but the allowable minimum load ratio M% of the front load at the front wheel axis when loading. By making the value larger than the legal regulation, there is an advantage that the front wheel minimum load Rmin during loading can be made a safer value than the legal regulation.

Rmax is defined as the maximum allowable axial load of the front wheel shaft when the vehicle is loaded.
According to the laws and regulations related to the transport vehicle, the allowable maximum axial load of the front wheel shaft is limited to 10 tons, but by determining the allowable maximum axial load Rmax of the front wheel shaft at the time of loading to be smaller than the legally regulated value, the wheel There is an advantage that it is possible to eliminate a wheel dropout accident during traveling due to fatigue failure of parts such as bolts and hubs.

By transforming Equation (13),
G = 5th wheel load Wf + W1 --------------- (22)
The formula is established.
About the axial load R of the front wheel shaft when loading,
R = G-WA --------------------- (23)
The formula is established.
By substituting Equation (22) and Equation (17) into Equation (23),
R = 5th wheel load Wf + W1- (product WA1 + product WA2) ----- (24)
The following formula is established.
The calculated axial load R of the front wheel shaft is stored in the computer processing means 12 and displayed on the display means 13.

  Since the axial load R of the front wheel shaft at the time of loading is calculated from the mathematical formula 23 and stored in the computer processing means 12, the stored axial load R of the front wheel shaft is allowed for the front wheel shaft at the time of loading. The appropriateness of the axial load R of the front wheel shaft is determined by comparing whether the value is between the minimum shaft load Rmin and the allowable maximum shaft load Rmax of the front wheel shaft at the time of loading, or a value equal to Rmin or Rmax. To do.

  If the axial load R of the front wheel shaft is smaller than the minimum allowable axial load Rmin of the front wheel shaft during loading, the loading position of the load 9 is moved toward the tractor 2 to increase the fifth wheel load Wf. The shaft load R of the front wheel is set to be greater than the allowable minimum shaft load Rmin of the front wheel shaft during loading.

  If the axial load R of the front wheel shaft is larger than the maximum allowable shaft load Rmax of the front wheel shaft at the time of loading, the loading position of the load 9 is moved toward the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 to change the fifth wheel load Wf. By making it smaller, the front wheel axial load R is made smaller than the allowable maximum axial load Rmam of the front wheel shaft during loading.

The allowable maximum axial load of the axle on the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 at the time of loading is defined as WBmax.
According to the laws and regulations concerning the transport vehicle, the allowable maximum axial load of the axle of the rear wheel 7 is regulated to be 10 tons, but by determining the allowable maximum axial load WBmax of the axle of the rear wheel 7 to be smaller than the legally regulated value. There is an advantage that a wheel dropout accident can be eliminated during traveling due to fatigue failure of parts such as bolts and hubs to which the wheels are attached.

Load cells B1 and B2 are installed between the respective axles near the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 and the body frame 29, and the loads at the time of loading are the products WB and WB2.
For this reason, the axle load W2r of the axle of the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 is
W2r = product WB1 + product WB2 -------------- (25)
The following formula holds.

The allowable shaft load per axle of the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 at the time of loading is defined as WB, and the number of axles of the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 is defined as N.
The axial load WB per axle of the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 is WB = W2r / N
= (Product WB1 + product WB2) / N ----------- (26)

When the axial load WB per axle of the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 is larger than the allowable maximum axial load WBmax, the loading position of the load 9 is moved toward the tractor 2 to reduce the axial load WB. As a result, the axial load WB is made smaller than the allowable maximum axial load WBmax.
The operation of moving the loading position of the load 9 toward the tractor 2 is performed while viewing the axial load WB displayed on the display means 13.
By replacing the allowable maximum axial load WBmax with an allowable target axial load below this, the axial load WB can be made smaller than the allowable target axial load.

The “difference between axial loads on one axle” of the rear wheel 7 of the rear wheel 7 at the time of loading is defined as a percentage of the axle load WB as H%.
For this reason, the difference ratio H of the axial weights at both ends is H = | product WB1-product WB2 | × 100 / WB -------- (27)
It is displayed with the formula.

The difference ratio H between the axial weights at both ends functions as an index for determining the stability of the trailer 3 in the width direction.
If the allowable maximum ratio of the difference in the axial weights at both ends to the axial weight WB is set to Hmax, the trailer 3 is more stable in the width direction as H is smaller than Hmax.

When the difference ratio H of the axial weights at both ends is larger than the allowable difference ratio Hmax of the axial weights at both ends, the center of gravity position of the load 9 is moved to the center in the width direction of the trailer 3 so that H becomes smaller than Hmax. .
The operation of moving the position of the center of gravity of the load 9 to the center in the width direction of the trailer 3 is performed while looking at the difference ratio H between the axial weights at both ends displayed on the display means 13.

Semi-trailer truck 1 is a judgment item of load weight ΔW, fifth wheel load Wf, front wheel axle weight R when tractor is loaded, trailer rear axle weight WB, trailer rear wheel axle weight difference ratio H When all of them are within the appropriate values, it is determined that the load 9 can be loaded and the vehicle can stably travel.

After it is determined that all the determination items are appropriate, the determination results of these determination items and the respective measurement data based on the determination are printed by the printing unit 14 on the presence of the conveyance slip or the conveyance certificate.

After the switch K1 of the power supply of the confirmation device 10 is turned off, the air spring 6 of the tractor 2 and the air spring 8 of the trailer 3 are filled with compressed air to raise the vehicle body to a normal position.
The connector 15 is separated, and the separated connector 15 b is stored in the trailer 3.
Since the above operation is completed, the semi-trailer truck 1 loaded with the load 9 can be used for stable running.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the front surface of the confirmation device 10 of the present invention installed in the cab of the tractor 2 of the semi-trailer truck 1.
A connector 15b is provided at the end of a line wired from the load cells B1 and B2 installed in the trailer 3.
The connector 15b is coupled with a connector 15a provided in the device 10.
On the front surface of the apparatus 10, at least a power switch K1 of the confirmation apparatus 10, an adjustment button 34 for adjusting a load reference in the load cells A1, A2, B1, and B2, and an input for inputting basic data necessary for calculation Means 33, load weight ΔW, fifth wheel load Wf, front wheel axle load R when loading tractor, trailer rear wheel axle weight WB, trailer rear wheel axle weight difference ratio H all judgment items are displayed. A display means 13 and a printing means 14 for printing the determination results of the determination items and the respective measurement data based on the determination are provided.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-trailer truck 1 equipped with the “devices 20 and 22 for checking the loaded state of the transport vehicle” according to the present invention.
In the semi-trailer truck 1, a trailer 3 is connected to a tractor 2 via a coupler 4, and load cells A1 and A2 are provided between each axle and the vehicle body near the rear wheel 5 facing the tractor 2. Load cells B1 and B2 are installed between each axle and the vehicle body near the rear wheel 7 which is installed and facing the trailer 3, and the “device 20 for checking the loaded state of the transport vehicle” according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “loading vehicle 20”). "Confirmation device 20") is installed in the cab of the tractor 2, and the "conveyor 22 confirmation device 22" (hereinafter referred to as "confirmation device 22") of the present invention is installed in the trailer 3. Yes.

FIG. 12 shows the operation for confirming the loading state of the load in the semi-trailer truck 1 shown in FIG.
Fig.11 (a) illustrates the front surface of the confirmation apparatus 22 of this invention.
The checking device 22 measures the load “empty WB1, empty WB2” and the load “load WB1, product WB2” when loading in the load cells B1 and B2 installed in the trailer 3, and obtains these measurement data. Display on the display means 25.

The operator 21 checks the measurement data of the load “empty WB1, empty WB2” and the load “load WB1, product WB2” at the time of loading, and the loading state of the load, read from the display means 25. Necessary basic data such as the weight W1 of the tractor 2 and the weight W2 of the trailer 3 are input to the confirmation device 2 ".

FIG.11 (b) illustrates the front surface of the confirmation apparatus 20 of this invention.
When the load 21 is loaded on the trailer 3, the operator 21 directly instructs the loading operator to load a load with an appropriate weight at an appropriate position while looking at the loading device 22 and the checking device 20. do.
For this reason, it is preferable to install the confirmation device 20 and the confirmation device 22 at a position where they can be operated by standing beside the driver's seat.

The confirmation device 20 includes a control unit 16, a computer processing unit 17, a display unit 18, a printing unit 19, and wiring for causing them to function. The computer processing unit 17 includes load cells A1 and A2. The empty load “empty WA1, empty WA2” and the loaded load “product WA1, product WA2” are stored, and the empty load “empty WB1, empty” input from the operator 21 is stored. “WB2”, the load “load WB1, product WB2” at the time of loading, and basic data necessary for confirming the loading state of the load are stored.

The computer processing means 17 further uses the stored measurement data and the inputted basic data, and is a determination item as is clear from the flowchart displayed in FIG. Load weight △ W ・ Fifth wheel load Wf ・ Tractor front wheel axle load R ・ Trailer rear wheel axle load WB ・ Trailer rear wheel axle weight difference ratio H judge.

Similar to the confirmation device 10, the display means 18 is used when the operator 21 changes the loading state of the load by looking at the calculated value of each determination item.
Similar to the confirmation device 10, the printing unit 19 prints the determination result of each determination item and each measurement data based on the determination.

In FIG. 12, K1 is a manual switch for turning on / off the power of the device 20 to be confirmed, K2 is an automatic switch for switching between the load cells A1 and A2 on the tractor 2 side, and K3 is a power source for the confirmation device 22 Is a manual switch for turning on and off, and K4 is an automatic switch for switching the load cells B1 and B2 on the trailer 3 side.
The automatic switch K2 is automatically operated by the control means 16, and the automatic switch K4 is automatically operated by the control means 23.

The flowchart displayed in FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the flow of operation of the confirmation device 20 of the present invention and the flow chart displaying the flow of operation of the confirmation device 22 of the present invention in association with each other.

The load of the load cells A1 and A2 installed between the respective axles near the rear wheel 5 of the tractor 2 and the vehicle body frame 27 is the empty load WA1 and the empty load WA2 as in the case of the checking device 10. The loads at the time of loading are defined as product WA1 and product WA2.
The load of the load cells B1 and B2 installed between each axle near the rear wheel 7 of the trailer 3 and the vehicle body frame 27 is empty WB1 and empty WB as in the case of the checking device 10. The loads during loading are defined as product WB1 and product WB2.

Each time the trailer 3 is replaced, the operator 21 reads the empty WB1 and empty WB, which are loads when the vehicle is empty, and the products WB1 and WB2 which are loads when the vehicle is loaded, and measures these measurements. Data is input to the confirmation device 20.

The confirmation device displayed in FIG. 10 is separated into a confirmation device 20 and a confirmation device 22, and is different from the confirmation device 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 in that it is not an integrated device. ing.

The semi-trailer truck 1 used for transportation work is one in which the trailer 3 is replaced depending on the cargo transportation situation.
However, since the confirmation device displayed in FIG. 10 is separated, the load cells B1 and B2 attached to the trailer 3 are not compatible with the computer processing means 17 of the confirmation device 20 installed in the tractor 2. Therefore, there is an advantage that there is no technical problem that the loading state of the load 9 cannot be confirmed.
For this reason, even if the trailer 3 is replaced, there is an advantage in use that the loading state of the load 9 can be confirmed without being disturbed by the suitability of the load cells B1 and B2.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a lorry 45 equipped with the “device 40 for confirming the loading state of a transport vehicle” (hereinafter referred to as “confirmation device 40”) of the present invention.
In the truck 45, load cells A1 and A2 are installed between the respective axles and the vehicle body near the front wheel 49, and load cells B1 and B2 are installed between the respective axles and the vehicle body near the rear wheel 50. 40 is installed in the cab.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the operation of the confirmation device 40. The confirmation device 40 includes a control means 41, a computer processing means 42, a display means 43, a printing means 44, and wiring for causing them to function. It consists of and.
15, K1 is a manual switch for turning on / off the power of the confirmation device 40, and K2 is an automatic switch for switching between the load cells A1 and A2 on the front wheel 49 side and the load cells B1 and B2 on the rear wheel 50 side. K3 is an automatic switch for switching between the load cells A1 and A2, and K4 is an automatic switch for switching between the load cells B1 and B2.
The automatic switches K2, K3, K4 are automatically operated by the control means 41.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the operation flow of the confirmation device 40. This flowchart and the flowchart showing the operation flow of the confirmation device (A) in FIG. A step of determining a wheel load WB and a difference ratio H between the axial weights of both ends of the rear wheel is added.

In the flowchart displaying the operation flow of the device 40 to be confirmed, there is a step of determining whether or not the weight of the load 53 is “allowable maximum load weight ΔWmax or less”. ), Add or reduce the load as appropriate while viewing the displayed load weight ΔW, and load a load with an allowable maximum load weight ΔWmax or a weight less than that to the loading platform 55. It can be loaded.
In addition, if the determination of “allowable maximum loading weight ΔWmax or less” is changed to “below loading target weight”, it is possible to load a load with a loading target weight or a smaller load on the loading platform 55. Become.

Since the axial load WA of the front wheel 49 at the time of loading is the sum of the load “product WA1” generated in the load cell A1 and the load “product WA2” generated in the load cell A2.
W1r = product WA1 + product WA2 -------------- (28)
The following formula is established.
When the number of axles of the front wheels 49 is M,
The axial load R per axle is R = W1r / M
= (Product WA1 + product WA2) / M ----------- (29)
The calculated axial load R of the front wheel 49 is stored in the computer processing means 42 and displayed on the display means 43.

If the load 53 is moved, the axial load R of the front wheel 49 at the position of the moved load is calculated by the computer processing means 42 and displayed on the display means 44.

For this reason, when the axial load R of the front wheel 49 is smaller than the minimum allowable front wheel load Rmin during loading, the load 53 is moved toward the front wheel 49 while looking at the newly displayed axial load R of the front wheel 49. Thus, the axial load R of the front wheel 49 can be made larger than the front wheel allowable minimum load Rmin during loading.

The minimum allowable front wheel load Rmin when loading when the minimum allowable load for front wheel load is set to M% is
Allowable minimum load Rmin on front wheel axle when loading
= Minimum proportion of front axle load when loading x Maximum allowable vehicle total weight Wmax when loading
= M% × Maximum allowable total weight Wmax when loaded on vehicle Wmax --------- (30)
It is defined as a value calculated by the mathematical formula.
Here, the vehicle allowable maximum total weight Wmax when the lorry 45 is loaded is
Maximum allowable vehicle weight Wmax when loading
= Weight of truck w + Maximum allowable loading weight △ Wmax
+ Weight of 2 crew members ---------------- (31)
By substituting Equation (31) into Equation (30), the allowable minimum load Rmin on the front wheel axle when loading
= M% × (Truck weight W + Allowable maximum loading weight ΔWmax
+ Weight of 2 passengers) ---------------- (32)
The following formula is established.
The calculated allowable minimum axial load Rmin on the front wheels at the time of loading is stored in the computer processing means 42 and displayed on the display means 43.

Load cells B1 and B2 are installed between the respective axles near the rear wheel 50 and the vehicle body 46, and the loads at the time of loading are a product WB and a product WB2.
For this reason, the axle load W2r of the rear wheel 50 of the lorry 45 is
W2r = product WB1 + product WB2 -------------- (33)
The following formula holds.

When the number of axles of the rear wheel 50 is N,
Axle load WB per axle is WB = W2r / N
= (Product WB1 + Product WB2) / N ----------- (34)

When the axial load WB per axle of the rear wheel 50 is larger than the allowable maximum axial load WBmax, the load position of the load 53 is moved toward the front wheel 49 to reduce the axial load WB. WB is set to a size equal to or smaller than the allowable maximum axial load WBmax axis.
The operation of moving the loading position of the load 53 toward the front wheel 49 is performed while viewing the axial load WB displayed on the display means 43.
By replacing the allowable maximum axial load WBmax with an allowable target axial load below this, the axial load WB can be made smaller than the allowable target axial load.

The “difference in axial weight at both ends” for one axle of the rear wheel 50 at the time of loading is defined as a ratio H to the axial weight WB.
Therefore, the difference ratio H of the axial weights at both ends is H = | product WB1-product WB2 | / WB ----------- (35)
It is displayed with the formula.

The difference ratio H of the axial weights at both ends functions as an index for determining the stability of the lorry 45 in the width direction.
If the permissible ratio of the difference in the axial weight at both ends to the axial weight WB is set to Hmax, the smaller the H is smaller than Hmax, the more stable the truck 45 is in the width direction.

When the difference ratio H of the axial weights at both ends is larger than the allowable difference ratio Hmax of the axial weights at both ends, the center of gravity position of the load 53 is moved to the center in the width direction of the loading platform 55 to make H smaller than Hmax. .
The operation of moving the center of gravity of the cargo 53 to the center in the width direction of the cargo bed 55 is performed while looking at the difference ratio H between the axial weights displayed on the display means 43.

The lorry 45 has a load 53 when the judgment items of the loading weight ΔW, the front wheel axle weight R at the time of loading, the rear wheel axle weight WB at the time of loading, and the difference ratio H between the axle weights at both ends of the rear wheel are within appropriate values. It is determined that the vehicle is in a state where the vehicle can be stably traveled.

After it is determined that all of the determination items are appropriate, the determination results of these determination items and the respective measurement data based on the determination are printed by the printing unit 44 on a conveyance slip or a conveyance certificate.

After turning off the power switch K1, the air spring 47 on the front wheel 49 side and the air spring 48 on the rear wheel 50 side are filled with compressed air to raise the vehicle body to a normal position.
Since the above operation is complete | finished, the lorry 45 which loaded the load 53 can use for stable driving | running | working.

It is sectional drawing of the semi-trailer truck equipped with "the apparatus 10 for confirming the loading state of a transport vehicle" of this invention. It is YY sectional drawing in FIG. It is the figure which displayed dispersion | distribution of the load of the load loaded into the semi-trailer truck. It is the figure which displayed the front surface of the confirmation apparatus 10 loaded into the semi-trailer truck. (A) It is the graph which displayed the performance of load cell A1. (B) It is the graph which displayed the performance of load cell B1. It is the flowchart which showed the flow of operation | movement of "the apparatus (A) for confirming the loading state of a conveyance vehicle" of this invention. It is the flowchart which displayed the flow of operation | movement of the "apparatus (B) for confirming the loading state of a conveyance vehicle" of this invention. It is the block diagram which displayed operation | movement of "the apparatus 10 for confirming the loading state of a transport vehicle" loaded on the semi-trailer truck. It is the flowchart which displayed the flow of operation | movement of "the apparatus 10 which confirms the loading state of a transport vehicle" of this invention displayed on FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a semi-trailer truck equipped with “devices 20 and 22 for confirming the loading state of a transport vehicle” according to the present invention. (A) It is the figure which displayed the front surface of the confirmation apparatus 22 by the side of the trailer in a semi-trailer truck. (B) It is the figure which displayed the front surface of the confirmation apparatus 20 by the side of the tractor in a semi-trailer truck. It is the block diagram which displayed operation | movement of the "devices 20 and 22 for confirming the loading state of a transport vehicle" loaded on the semi-trailer truck. It is the flowchart which displayed the flow of operation | movement of the "apparatus 20 and 22 for confirming the loading state of a transport vehicle" of this invention displayed on FIG. It is sectional drawing of the truck equipped with "the apparatus 40 for confirming the loading state of a conveyance vehicle" of this invention. It is the block diagram which displayed the operation | movement of "the apparatus 40 which confirms the loading state of a transport vehicle" loaded on the lorry. It is the flowchart which displayed the flow of operation | movement of "the apparatus 40 for confirming the loading state of a transport vehicle" of this invention displayed on FIG.

Explanation of symbols

(A): Device for confirming the loading state of the transport vehicle (B): Device K1 for confirming the loading state of the transport vehicle: Power switch K4 of the confirmation device: Checking device Power switch 1 ... Semi trailer truck 2 ... Tractor 3 ... Trailer 4 ... Coupler 5 ... Rear wheel 6 ... Air spring 7 ... Rear wheel 8... Air spring 9... Load 10... Device 11 for confirming the loading state of the transport vehicle 11... Control means 12. · Printing means 15 ··· Connector 15a, b ··· Connector 16 ··· Control means 17 ··· Computer processing means 18 ··· Display means 19 ··· Printing means 20 ··· The loading state of the transport vehicle Device 21 for checking ... Operator 22 ... Transporting Device 23 for confirming both loading states ... Control means 24 ... Computer processing means 25 ... Display means 26 ... Wheel suspension device 27 ... Body frame 28 ... Wheel suspension device 29 ... Body frame 30 ... Sequence electric circuit 31 ... Sequence electric circuit 32 ... Sequence electric circuit 33 ... Trailer axle number input device 34 ... Load cell adjustment button 35 ... Switch 36 ... Load cell adjustment button 37 ... Input means 38 ... Switch 39 ... Load cell adjustment button 40 ... Device 41 for confirming the loading state of the transport vehicle ... Control means 42 ... Computation processing means 43 ... Display means 44 ... Printing means 45 ... Lorry 46 ... Car body 47 ... Air spring 48 ... Air spring 49 ... Front wheel 50 ... Rear wheel 51 ... Front axle 52 ... rear wheel shaft 53 ... load 54 ... air springs 55 ... loading platform 56 ... wire 57 ... front wheel

Claims (9)

The front and rear wheels are mounted on a wheel suspension equipped with air springs, and load cells are installed between each axle near the front wheel and the vehicle body, and between each axle and vehicle body near the rear wheel. In a transport vehicle
Control means for operating all the load cells to measure the load of each load cell, computer processing means for calculating the weight of the load based on the load, and for displaying the calculated weight of the load An apparatus for confirming a loading state of a transport vehicle, characterized by comprising a display means. When the vehicle is empty and loaded, all load cells are operated by the control means to measure the load of each load cell, and based on the measured load of each load cell, the load loaded on the transport vehicle is measured. After calculating the weight,
By comparing the load target weight and the load weight with computer processing means,
When the load weight exceeds the load target weight,
The weight at the time of loading is calculated again by the computer processing means, and the calculated weight of the new load is newly displayed. apparatus. The computer processing means determines whether the shaft load of the front wheel shaft calculated by adding the loads of all the load cells on the front wheel side at the time of loading is between the allowable minimum shaft load and the allowable maximum shaft load. By
When the axial load of the front wheel shaft is outside the range,
Calculate the axle load of the front wheel axle at the time of loading again with the computer processing means,
The apparatus for confirming the loading state of the transport vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the calculated axial load of the new front wheel shaft is newly displayed. By determining whether or not the axial load of the rear wheel shaft calculated by adding up the loads of all the load cells on the rear wheel side at the time of loading exceeds the allowable target shaft load, the permissible target shaft If the load is exceeded,
Calculate the axial load of the rear wheel shaft at the time of loading with the computer processing means again,
The apparatus for confirming the loading state of the transport vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the calculated rear axle load of the rear wheel shaft is newly displayed. The rear wheel of the tractor with the body weight W1, the wheel base L, the horizontal distance from the center of the coupler to the rear axle and the rear wheel of the trailer and the rear wheel of the trailer are mounted on a wheel suspension equipped with an air spring. And a semi-trailer truck in which a load cell is installed between each axle and the vehicle body near the rear wheel of the tractor and between each axle and the vehicle body near the rear wheel of the trailer,
Control means for operating all the load cells to measure the load of each load cell, computer processing means for calculating the weight of the load based on the load, and for displaying the calculated weight of the load An apparatus for confirming a loading state of a transport vehicle, characterized by comprising a display means. When each vehicle is empty and loaded, all the load cells are operated by the control means to measure the load of each load cell. Based on the measured load of each load cell, the computer processing means measures the load on the rear wheels of the tractor. Calculates the increased axial load △ WA increased by loading the load when the empty shaft load and the increased axial load △ WB increased by loading the load on the rear wheel of the trailer △ WB. After
The weight △ W of the load loaded on the trailer,
Based on the mathematical formula: ΔW = ΔWB + [ΔWA × L / (LA)]
6. The apparatus for confirming a loading state of a transport vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the device is calculated by a computer processing means. After calculating the weight of the load according to claim 6,
By comparing the load target weight and the load weight with computer processing means,
When the load weight exceeds the load target weight,
The weight at the time of loading is calculated again by the computer processing means, and the calculated weight of the new load is newly displayed. apparatus. When the load at the time of loading in each load cell installed between each axle and the vehicle body near the rear wheel of the tractor is the product WA1 and the product WA2,
The fifth wheel load Wf at the time of loading
Based on the formula Wf = (product WA1 + product WA2) × [1 + A / (LA)] − W1
6. The apparatus for confirming a loading state of a transport vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the device is calculated by a computer processing means. There are N axles on the rear wheels of the trailer,
When the load at the time of loading in each load cell installed between each axle and the vehicle body near the rear wheel facing the trailer is the product WB1 and the product WB2,
The axial load WB per axle of the rear wheel of the trailer during loading,
Based on the formula WB = (product WB1 + product WB2) / N,
6. The apparatus for confirming a loading state of a transport vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the device is calculated by a computer processing means.

Images