JP2009251164A - Exposure calculating device and imaging apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an exposure calculating device which obtains continuously photographed images excellent in exposure balance and to provide an imaging apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: The exposure calculating device includes: a photometric means 137 for repeatedly performing the photometry of a luminous flux from an object; a first detecting means 170 detecting the fluctuation of the brightness of the object, based on the photometric results of the photometric means; a second detecting means 170 for obtaining the latest photometric results among the photometric resultss of repeatedly performing the photometry by the photometric means; and a calculating means 170 for calculating an exposure value with respect to the luminous flux, based on the fluctuation of the brightness and the latest photometric results. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an exposure calculation device and an imaging device.

  There is known a camera that calculates an optimum exposure value by dividing an object scene into a plurality of areas and performing photometry, and obtaining an area of a high brightness area from the plurality of photometry results (Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-106617 A

  However, when the subject is continuously photographed by the above-described exposure calculation method, there is a problem that the exposure balance is deteriorated when the variation in the brightness of the object scene is large.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an exposure calculation device and an imaging device capable of obtaining continuously shot images with good exposure balance.

  The present invention solves the above problems by the following means. In addition, although the code | symbol corresponding to drawing which shows embodiment of this invention is attached | subjected and demonstrated, this code | symbol is only for making an understanding of invention easy, and is not the meaning which limits invention.

An exposure calculation apparatus according to the present invention comprises a photometric means (137) for repeatedly measuring a light flux from an object,
First detection means (170) for detecting a change in brightness of the object based on a photometric result of the photometric means;
Second detection means (170) for obtaining the latest photometry result among the photometry results repeatedly measured by the photometry means;
And calculating means (170) for calculating an exposure value for the luminous flux based on the variation in brightness and the latest photometric result.

In the above invention, the calculation means (170) determines the weighting (α) for the latest photometry result and the past photometry result obtained before the latest photometry result according to the change in brightness. It can be constituted as follows.

Further, in the above invention, the arithmetic means (170) relatively increases the weighting of the latest photometric result with respect to the past photometric result when the amount of change in brightness is a predetermined value (St1, St2) or more. It can be constituted as follows.

Further, in the above invention, the photometry means (137) includes a plurality of photometry sections (137A) that divide the target area into a plurality of areas and measure the light respectively, and the first detection means (170) The variation in brightness of the object can be detected based on the average value of the photometric results of the photometric unit.

In the above invention, the first detection means (170) can be configured to detect a change in brightness of the object based on the following equation.

<< Equation 1 >> dBVave = BVave [t] − {(1-β) BVave [t−1] + βBVave [t−2]}
However, dBVave is the amount of change in brightness, BVave [t] is the latest photometry result by the photometry means, BVave [t−1] is the previous photometry result by the photometry means, and BVave [t−2] is the last photometry result by the photometry means. As a result of photometry, β is a weighting coefficient for averaging BVave in terms of time and is a constant satisfying 0 <β <1.

The exposure calculation device according to the present invention can be applied to the imaging device (1). In this case, the photometry means (137) is an imaging device (137, 110), and based on the output of the imaging device, It can be configured to take an image of a light beam.

  According to the above invention, it is possible to obtain a continuously shot image with a good exposure balance.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  In the following, an embodiment in which the above invention is applied to a single-lens reflex digital camera will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the above invention can also be applied to a silver salt film camera, a compact camera, and other imaging devices.

FIG. 1 is a main part configuration diagram showing a single-lens reflex digital camera 1 according to the present embodiment. For the general configuration of the camera other than the configuration related to the exposure calculation device and the imaging device of the invention, the illustration and description thereof are one. Omitted.

The single-lens reflex digital camera 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as the camera 1) of the present embodiment includes a camera body 100 and a lens barrel 200, and the camera body 100 and the lens barrel 200 are detachably coupled by a mount unit 300. ing.

The lens barrel 200 incorporates a photographing optical system including a lens group 210 including a focus lens 211 and a zoom lens 212, an aperture device 220, and the like.

The focus lens 211 is provided so as to be movable along the optical axis L <b> 1, and its position is adjusted by the lens driving motor 230 while its position is detected by the encoder 260. Then, the position information of the focus lens 211 detected by the encoder 260 is transmitted to the lens drive control unit 165 described later via the lens control unit 250. The lens drive motor 230 is driven by a drive signal received from the lens drive control unit 165 via the lens control unit 250 in accordance with a drive amount and a drive speed calculated based on a focus detection result described later.

  The aperture device 220 is adjustable in its aperture diameter around the optical axis L1 in order to limit the amount of light beam that passes through the photographing optical system and reaches the image sensor 110. The aperture diameter is adjusted by the aperture device 220 by, for example, transmitting a signal corresponding to the aperture value calculated in the automatic exposure mode from the camera control unit 170 to the aperture drive unit 240 via the lens control unit 250. . The aperture diameter is adjusted by a manual operation by the operation unit 150 provided in the camera body 100, and a signal corresponding to the set aperture value is transmitted from the camera control unit 170 to the aperture drive unit 240 via the lens control unit 250. This is also done by sending it.

On the other hand, the camera body 100 includes a mirror system 120 for guiding the light flux from the subject to the image sensor 110, the finder 135, the photometric sensor 137, and the focus detection module 161. The mirror system 120 includes a quick return mirror 121 that rotates about a rotation axis 123 by a predetermined angle between the observation position and the shooting position of the subject, and the quick return mirror 121 pivotally supported by the quick return mirror 121. And a sub-mirror 122 that rotates according to the above.

In FIG. 1, the state where the mirror system 120 is at the observation position of the subject is indicated by a solid line, and the state where the mirror system 120 is at the photographing position of the subject is indicated by a two-dot chain line. The mirror system 120 is inserted on the optical path of the optical axis L1 in the state where the subject is in the observation position, while rotating so as to retract from the optical path of the optical axis L1 in the state where the subject is in the photographing position.

The quick return mirror 121 is composed of a half mirror, and in a state where the subject is at the observation position, the quick return mirror 121 reflects a part of the light flux (optical axes L2 and L3) from the subject (optical axis L1). Then, the light is guided to the finder 135 and the photometric sensor 137, and a part of the light beam (optical axis L4) is transmitted and guided to the sub mirror 122. On the other hand, the sub mirror 122 is constituted by a total reflection mirror, and guides the light beam (optical axis L4) transmitted through the quick return mirror 121 to the focus detection optical module 161.

Therefore, when the mirror system 120 is at the observation position, the light beam (optical axis L1) from the subject is guided to the finder 135, the photometric sensor 137, and the focus detection optical module 161, and the subject is observed and exposed. Calculation and detection of the focus adjustment state of the focus lens 211 are executed. When the photographer fully presses the release button, the mirror system 120 rotates to the photographing position, and all the luminous flux (principal ray L1) from the subject is guided to the image sensor 110, and the photographed image data is stored in a memory (not shown). .

The focus detection module 161 is a focus detection element for executing automatic focusing control by a phase difference detection method using subject light, and is on the optical axis L4 of the light beam reflected by the sub-mirror 122. It is fixed at a position optically equivalent to the imaging surface.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the focus detection module 161 illustrated in FIG. The focus detection module 161 of this example includes a condenser lens 161a, a diaphragm mask 161b in which a pair of apertures are formed, a pair of re-imaging lenses 161c, and a pair of line sensors 161d, and a pair of photographing lenses 211 having different exit pupils. The focus adjustment state is detected by obtaining the phase shift of the pair of image signals obtained by receiving the pair of light beams passing through the region by the line sensor 16 by a known correlation calculation.

As shown in the figure, when the subject P forms an image on the equivalent surface (scheduled imaging surface) 161e of the image sensor 110, the focused state is reached, but the imaging lens (focus lens) 211 moves in the direction of the optical axis L1. Thus, when the image forming point is shifted from the equivalent surface 161e toward the subject (referred to as a front pin) or shifted toward the camera body 100 (referred to as a rear pin), the focus is shifted.

When the imaging point of the subject P is shifted from the equivalent surface 161e toward the subject, the interval W between the pair of image signals detected by the pair of line sensors 161d becomes shorter than the interval W in the focused state, and vice versa. If the imaging point of the subject image P is shifted to the camera body 100 side, the interval W between the pair of image signals detected by the pair of line sensors 161d becomes longer than the interval W in the focused state.

That is, in the in-focus state, the image signals detected by the pair of line sensors 161d overlap with the center of the line sensor, but in the out-of-focus state, each image signal is shifted from the center of the line sensor, that is, the phase difference is Therefore, focusing is performed by moving the focus lens 211 by an amount corresponding to the phase difference (deviation amount).

Returning to FIG. 1, the AF-CCD control unit 162 controls the gain and accumulation time of the line sensor of the focus detection optical module 161 in the autofocus mode, and stores information on the focus detection area selected as the focus detection position. A pair of image signals received from the camera control unit 170 and detected by the pair of line sensors corresponding to the focus detection area are read and output to the defocus calculation unit 163.

The defocus calculation unit 163 converts the shift amount of the pair of image signals sent from the AF-CCD control unit 162 into a defocus amount ΔW, and outputs this to the lens drive amount calculation unit 164.

The lens drive amount calculation unit 164 calculates a lens drive amount Δd corresponding to the defocus amount ΔW based on the defocus amount ΔW sent from the defocus calculation unit 163, and supplies this to the lens drive control unit 165. Output.

The lens drive control unit 165 sends a drive command to the lens drive motor 230 based on the lens drive amount Δd sent from the lens drive amount calculation unit 164, and moves the focus lens 211 by the lens drive amount Δd.

The image sensor 110 is provided on the optical axis L1 of the light beam from the subject on the camera body 100 and at a position that is a planned focal plane of the photographing optical system 210, and a shutter 111 is provided on the front surface thereof. The imaging element 110 is a two-dimensional array of a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, and can be configured by a two-dimensional CCD image sensor, a MOS sensor, a CID, or the like. The electrical image signal photoelectrically converted by the image sensor 110 is subjected to image processing by the camera control unit 170 and then stored in a memory (not shown). Note that the memory for storing the photographed image can be constituted by a built-in memory or a card-type memory.

On the other hand, the subject light reflected by the quick return mirror 121 forms an image on a focusing screen 131 disposed on a surface optically equivalent to the image sensor 110, and the photographer's light passes through the pentaprism 133 and the eyepiece 134. Guided to the eyeball. At this time, the transmissive liquid crystal display 132 superimposes and displays a focus detection area mark or the like on the subject image on the focusing screen 131 and relates to shooting such as the shutter speed, aperture value, and number of shots in the area outside the subject image. Display information. Thus, in the shooting preparation state, the subject, its background, shooting related information, and the like can be observed through the viewfinder 134.

In addition, a photometric lens 136 and a photometric sensor 137 are provided in the vicinity of the eyepiece lens 134 to receive part of the subject light imaged on the focusing screen 131.

The photometric sensor 137 is composed of a two-dimensional color CCD image sensor or the like, and in order to calculate an exposure value at the time of photographing, the photographing screen is divided into a plurality of regions (photometric unit 137A) as shown in FIG. A photometric signal corresponding to the brightness BV [1] to BV [40] is output. In the photometric sensor 137 shown in FIG. 3, five photometric units 137 </ b> A are arranged vertically and eight horizontally, and the target is divided into 40 regions. The photometric signal detected by the photometric sensor 137 is output to the camera control unit 170 and used for exposure control. Details of this exposure control will be described later.

The operation unit 150 is a shutter release button or an input switch for a photographer to set various operation modes of the camera 1, and switches between automatic exposure mode / manual exposure mode, auto focus mode / manual focus mode, and auto focus mode. Among them, the one-shot mode / continuous mode can be switched. In addition to the shutter being turned on when the shutter release button is fully pressed, the focusing operation of the focus lens is turned on when the button is half-pressed in the autofocus mode, and turned off when the button is released. A single / continuous shooting setting button is also included, and a predetermined number of images can be taken per second when the release button is fully pressed in the continuous shooting mode. Various modes set by the operation unit 150 are transmitted to the camera control unit 170.

The camera body 100 is provided with a camera control unit 170. The camera control unit 170 includes peripheral components such as a microprocessor and a memory, and is electrically connected to the lens control unit 250 through an electric signal contact unit provided in the mount unit 300, and receives lens information from the lens control unit 250. At the same time, information such as a defocus amount and an aperture control signal is transmitted to the lens control unit 250. The camera control unit 170 reads out image information from the image sensor 110 as described above, performs predetermined information processing as necessary, and outputs the information to a memory (not shown). The camera control unit 170 controls the entire camera 1 such as correction of captured image information and detection of a focus adjustment state and an aperture adjustment state of the lens barrel 200.

Next, the automatic exposure operation will be described.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the automatic exposure operation of the camera 1 according to this embodiment.

  First, when the power of the camera 1 is turned on, the camera control unit 170 drives and controls the photometric sensor 137 to acquire target image data received by each photometric unit 137A via the photographing optical system (step S1). Next, the luminance BV [1] to BV [40] of the image data received by each photometric unit 137A and the average luminance BVave thereof are obtained (step S2). Then, the exposure control calculation luminance value BVx is calculated based on the luminance BV [1] to BV [40] and the average luminance BVave (step S3). Since the exposure control calculation brightness value BVx is the brightness value obtained by the processing of steps S1 to S3 of the processing routine, the exposure control calculation brightness value BVx is also referred to as the latest brightness value BVx.

  The exposure control calculation brightness value BVx is calculated by, for example, the brightness BVc of the center photometry unit 137A of the photometry sensor 137, the maximum brightness BVmax of the photometry unit 137A, the minimum brightness BVmin of the photometry unit 137A, and the upper part of the photometry sensor 137. The lower luminance difference dHE and K1 to K5 can be obtained from BVx = K1 · BVave + K2 · BVc + K3 · BVmax + K4 · BVmin + K5 · dHE as predetermined weighting factors. However, the exposure control calculation luminance value BVx can also be obtained by other calculation methods.

  Next, it is determined whether or not the setting of the single shooting / continuous shooting setting button of the operation unit 150 is the continuous shooting mode (step S4), and if it is the single shooting mode, the weighting coefficient α (0 ≦ α ≦ 1) is set. While the predetermined value Thα is set, the weighting factor α is calculated in the continuous shooting mode. The current exposure control calculation brightness value BVexp is calculated by substituting α set in step S5 or S6 and the exposure control calculation brightness value BVx calculated in step S3 into the following equation (1). .

BVexp [t] = (1−α) · BVx + α · BVexp [t−1] (1)
Here, BVexp [t] is a function of the number of times that the exposure control calculation luminance value BVexp is calculated based on the above equation (1) after photometry is started by the photometric sensor 137, and BVexp [t] The brightness value obtained by the calculation, and BVexp [t−1] is the brightness value obtained by the previous calculation. The processes in steps S1 to S7 are repeatedly executed at predetermined intervals while the power of the camera 1 is turned on. During this time, at least the previous exposure control calculation brightness value BVexp [t−1] is stored in the camera control unit 170. Stored in an internal memory or the like.

  The above formula (1) indicates that the current brightness value BVexp [t] for exposure control calculation is the latest brightness value BVx for exposure control calculation calculated by the photometric sensor 137 and the previous brightness value BVexp [t for exposure control calculation. -1] and multiplying each by a weighting factor α.

  Then, the weighting factor α set in step S5 when the continuous shooting mode is not set is set to a predetermined constant Thα (0 ≦ Thα <1), for example, Thα = 0.5. Of course, an arbitrary constant Thα that satisfies 0 ≦ Thα <1 can be set as necessary.

  On the other hand, the weighting coefficient α set in step S6 in the continuous shooting mode is based on the average luminance time change amount dBVave = BVave [t] −BVave [t−1] measured by the photometric sensor 137. Is calculated. In this example, as shown in FIG. 4, when the average luminance time variation dBVave is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value St1, α = 0.5, and when dBVave is equal to or larger than the predetermined value St2, α = 0, and dBVave is a predetermined value. In the case between St1 and St2, α = −0.5 (dBVave + St2) / (St2−St1) which is a straight line connecting α = 0.5 and α = 0. That is, the larger the time variation amount dBVave of the average luminance is, the smaller the value of α is, and the weighting of the latest exposure control calculation luminance value BVx is larger than the previous exposure control calculation luminance value BVexp [t−1]. To do. Conversely, the smaller the average luminance time variation dBVave is, the larger is the value of α, and the previous exposure control calculation luminance value BVexp [t−1] is weighted compared to the latest exposure control calculation luminance value BVx. Enlarge.

  That is, when the average luminance time change amount dBVave is small, it can be considered that the shooting scenes are similar. Therefore, the exposure balance is emphasized, and the previous exposure control calculation luminance value BVexp [t−1] is weighted. Increasing the size suppresses a sense of incongruity in continuously shot images. On the other hand, if the time variation amount dBVave of the average luminance is large, it can be considered that the shooting scene has changed. Therefore, by emphasizing the current luminance, the weight of the latest exposure control calculation luminance value BVx is increased. It is possible to prevent a photographed image having an inappropriate exposure amount, for example, a black or white photographed image.

  Note that the specific numerical value 0.5 of α shown in FIG. 4 does not limit the present embodiment, and can be α satisfying 0 ≦ α ≦ 1. Also, the predetermined values St1 and St2 of the time change amount dBVave of the average luminance can be set to appropriate values. Further, in this example, α is set based on the average luminance time change amount dBVave, but in addition to the average luminance, the luminance of a predetermined range of the photometric sensor 137, for example, the central photometric unit 137A may be used. In addition, the time change rate can be used in addition to the luminance time change amount.

  Returning to FIG. 5, when the exposure control calculation luminance value BVexp [t] is calculated in step S7 using the weighting coefficient α set in step S5 or S6, it is determined whether or not the release button is fully pressed. If released, the process proceeds to step S9. If not released, the process returns to step S1.

  In step S9, the camera control unit 170 calculates the exposure condition (exposure value EV) of the camera 1 based on the exposure control calculation luminance value BVexp [t] calculated in step S7, and sets the exposure condition. Perform shooting. This exposure value EV correlates with, for example, the aperture diameter AV of the diaphragm device 220 shown in FIG. 1 and the exposure time TV (shutter speed) of the image sensor 110, and generally the relationship EV = TV + AV is established. Also, assuming that the luminance value BV of the light beam and the sensitivity SV of the image sensor 110 are satisfied, the relationship EV = BV + SV is also established. Therefore, the aperture diameter AV of the diaphragm device 220, the exposure time TV of the image sensor 110, and the sensitivity SV of the image sensor 110. Adjust to an appropriate value. Since the exposure time TV of the image sensor 110 is controlled by the shutter 111, the exposure time TV is converted into a control value for the shutter 111. Since the aperture diameter AV of the aperture device 220 is controlled by the aperture drive unit 240, the aperture stop AV is converted into a control value of the aperture drive unit 240.

  6A to 6C is a graph showing a change in the brightness value BVexp for exposure control calculation calculated while continuously photographing the passenger car while traveling, and travels in the sun from time 0 to t1. This is a state where the vehicle is traveling in the shade after time t1. In each time zone before and after time t1, since the subject such as a person or an object enters or disappears in the background even if the luminance of the main subject is almost unchanged, the average luminance of the entire screen is constantly changing. It has changed.

A solid line in FIG. 6A is a graph showing a change in the exposure control calculation luminance value BVexp when the exposure control according to the present embodiment described above is executed. According to the exposure control of this example, the amount of change in the brightness value BVexp for exposure control calculation is small at time 0 to t1 and after time t1, the exposure balance of continuously shot captured images is stable, and there is no sense of incongruity. It is understood that this is a good image. When the brightness of the photographic scene changes greatly at time t1, the exposure control calculation brightness value BVexp also follows quickly, so that an image with an appropriate exposure amount is obtained without becoming a black image.

  On the other hand, the solid line in FIG. 6B is a graph showing a change in the brightness value BVexp for exposure control calculation of the comparative example in which α = 0 (constant) in the above formula (1). In this comparative example, the brightness value for exposure control calculation BVexp [t] = BVave, and the followability before and after time t1 is good, but the range of time 0 to t1 where the change amount of the average brightness is small and after time t1. In this range, since the exposure control calculation brightness value BVexp [t] changes sensitively, the exposure balance of the continuous shot images becomes worse and the user feels uncomfortable.

  Further, the solid line in FIG. 6C is a graph showing a change in the brightness value BVexp for exposure control calculation of another comparative example in which α = 0.5 (constant) in the above equation (1). In this comparative example, the exposure control calculation luminance value BVexp [t] = 0.5 BVave + 0.5 BVexp [t−1]. Therefore, in the range of time 0 to t1 where the change amount of the average luminance is small and the range after time t1. Although the exposure balance is good, the followability at time t1 when the amount of change in average luminance is large is poor, and the image immediately after time t1 becomes a dark image.

  In the above-described embodiment, the change amount dBVave of the average luminance is the difference between the previous average luminance and the current average luminance BVave [t] −BVave [t−1]. However, a temporal average element may be considered. it can.

For example, dBVave = BVave [t] −BVave0 [t−1] = BVave [t] − {(1-β) BVave [t−1] + βBVave [t−2]}. Note that β is a predetermined weighting coefficient for time averaging BVave, and is a numerical value satisfying 0 <β <1. According to this example, the brightness value BVexp for exposure control calculation in which a temporal average is further taken into consideration is obtained, so that the exposure balance is further improved particularly in a range where the change amount of the average brightness is small.

  In the above-described embodiment, the luminance of the light beam that has passed through the photographing optical system is measured using the photometric sensor 137 provided separately from the imaging device 110. For example, the luminance of the target is measured by the imaging device 110, such as a compact camera. It can also be measured.

It is a block diagram which shows the camera which concerns on embodiment of invention. It is a figure which shows the focus detection module shown in FIG. It is a front view which shows the photometric sensor shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows weighting coefficient (alpha) of the camera shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows exposure control of the camera shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the exposure control state at the time of using the camera shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the exposure control state at the time of using the camera of a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the exposure control state at the time of using the camera of another comparative example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Single-lens reflex digital camera 100 ... Camera body 110 ... Image pick-up element 137 ... Photometric sensor 161 ... Focus detection module 170 ... Camera control part 200 ... Lens barrel 210 ... Lens group 220 ... Aperture device 230 ... Lens drive motor 240 ... Aperture drive Apparatus 250 ... Lens control unit

Claims (7)

A photometric means for repeatedly measuring the luminous flux from the object;
First detecting means for detecting fluctuations in brightness of the object based on a photometric result of the photometric means;
Second detection means for obtaining the latest photometry result among the photometry results repeatedly measured by the photometry means;
An exposure calculation device comprising: a calculation means for calculating an exposure value for the luminous flux based on the variation in brightness and the latest photometric result. In the exposure calculation device according to claim 1,
The said calculating means determines the weight with respect to the said latest photometry result and the past photometry result obtained before the said latest photometry result according to the fluctuation | variation of the said brightness, The exposure calculation apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. In the exposure calculation device according to claim 2,
The exposure calculating device according to claim 1, wherein when the amount of change in brightness is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the weighting of the latest photometric result with respect to the past photometric result is relatively increased. In the exposure calculation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The photometry means includes a plurality of photometry units that divide the target area into a plurality of areas and measure the respective areas,
The exposure calculation device according to claim 1, wherein the first detection unit detects a change in brightness of the target based on an average value of photometric results of the plurality of photometric units. In the exposure calculation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The exposure calculation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first detection means detects a change in brightness of the target based on the following equation.
<< Equation 1 >> dBVave = BVave [t] − {(1-β) BVave [t−1] + βBVave [t−2]}
However, dBVave is the amount of change in brightness, BVave [t] is the latest photometry result by the photometry means, BVave [t−1] is the previous photometry result by the photometry means, and BVave [t−2] is the previous photometry result by the photometry means. As a result of photometry, β is a weighting coefficient for averaging BVave in terms of time and is a constant satisfying 0 <β <1. An imaging apparatus comprising the exposure calculation apparatus according to claim 1. The imaging device according to claim 6,
The photometric means is an image sensor;
An image pickup apparatus that picks up an image of the light flux based on an output of the image pickup element.

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