JP2009247492A - Blood collecting device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To surely perform separation even when a blood collecting amount is a minute amount and to highly accurately perform the automatic analysis of blood serum. <P>SOLUTION: The blood collecting device 1 includes: a device body 5 provided with a narrow diameter part 2 in a straight tube shape and an enlarged diameter part 4 which is connected to one end of the narrow diameter part 2, has the inner diameter larger than that of the narrow diameter part 2 and is opened on the opposite side of the narrow diameter part 2; and a cap 6 detachably attached to the enlarged diameter part 4 of the device body 5 for closing the opening of the enlarged diameter part 4. The cap 6 is provided with an injection needle 7 for making the internal space communicate with the external space of the device body 5 in the state that the opening of the enlarged diameter part 4 is closed, a housing part 9 for housing blood which enters through the injection needle 7, and a valve member 10 for performing shutoff between the housing part 9 and the narrow diameter part 2, to be opened by centrifugal force. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood collection device used for blood tests.

Conventionally, blood tests have been performed by collecting blood with a syringe, replacing a portion of the collected blood with a hematocrit value measuring container and transferring it to a centrifuge container, centrifugal separation, hematocrit value measurement, and serum aspirated by serum aspirator. I was inspecting.
However, in elderly animals, infants, small animals such as dogs and cats, the blood vessels are thin or hard, or it is difficult to specify the position of the blood vessel from the outside, so it is difficult to puncture the injection needle to the correct position, etc. For the reason, there is an inconvenience that a sufficient amount of blood necessary for the test cannot be collected.

  For this reason, if a small amount of collected blood is replaced with a hematocrit measurement container or transferred to a centrifuge container, the blood remaining on each container is wasted, and a sufficient amount of serum necessary for automatic analysis. It becomes difficult to collect. In addition, there is a disadvantage that a blood analysis result with high accuracy cannot be obtained because the blood touches the atmosphere during the transfer.

In order to solve this problem, a blood collection device that does not need to be transferred to a centrifuge container after blood collection has been devised (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
This blood collection device has a syringe shape so that it can be centrifuged while blood is collected by removing the piston shaft while leaving the inner stopper attached to the tip of the piston in the cylinder. It has become.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-167471

  However, when centrifuging, a centrifugal force is applied in the direction of the inner stopper that slidably seals the inside of the cylinder. Therefore, if a strong centrifugal force is applied, the gap between the cylinder and the inner stopper is applied. It is thought that blood leaks, and strong centrifugal force cannot be applied. For this reason, sufficient centrifugation cannot be performed, the accuracy of hematocrit measurement is reduced, and the accuracy of automatic serum analysis is also reduced due to impurities present in the serum.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and can collect blood more reliably even when the amount of blood collected is small, and can perform automatic serum analysis with high accuracy. The purpose is to provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following means.
The present invention relates to an instrument body having a straight tubular thin diameter portion and an enlarged diameter portion that is connected to one end of the thin diameter portion, has an inner diameter larger than the thin diameter portion, and opens on the opposite side of the thin diameter portion. And a cap that is detachably attached to the diameter-expanded portion of the instrument body, and that closes the opening of the diameter-expanded portion, and the instrument body in a state in which the opening of the diameter-expanded portion is blocked An injection needle that allows communication between the internal space and the external space, a storage section that stores blood that has entered through the injection needle, and a space between the storage section and the narrow-diameter section that is opened by centrifugal force. A blood collection instrument provided with a valve member to be provided is provided.

  According to the present invention, when a syringe needle is punctured into a vein of a human or an animal with the cap attached to the instrument body, a very small amount of blood enters the cap via the syringe needle due to the pressure in the vein. The blood that has entered the cap is stored in a storage portion provided in the cap. Since the space between the accommodating portion and the small diameter portion is blocked by the valve member, blood is prevented from entering the cap beyond the valve member. That is, only the amount of blood defined by the valve member enters the cap and is collected.

  In this state, the valve member is opened by rotating the small-diameter portion outward in the radial direction and applying a centrifugal force, so that the blood held in the housing portion by the valve member is put into the instrument body. Will be allowed to flow. When the blood that has flowed into the internal space of the instrument main body is stored in a straight tubular narrow diameter portion having an inner diameter smaller than that of the expanded diameter portion, the blood is linearly arranged over a long range of the narrow diameter portion even if the amount of blood is small. can do. As a result, by further centrifuging, the boundary surface between the blood cell component and the serum component can be clearly formed, and the collection of the serum component not containing the blood cell component can be facilitated. In addition, centrifugation can be performed without transferring the container, and blood that has adhered to the container and wasted due to the transfer can be eliminated, and a very small amount of blood can be used effectively.

  In addition, according to the blood collecting instrument of the present invention, the upper limit amount of blood collected in the cap via the injection needle is limited by the valve member. It is possible to prevent the inconvenience of exceeding the length of the diameter portion. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of inconvenience that blood more than necessary is collected and the hematocrit value cannot be accurately measured.

In the said invention, the said valve member may be provided with the partition wall which divides between the said accommodating part and the said small diameter part, and many through-holes which penetrate this partition wall in thickness direction.
In this way, when blood is accommodated in the accommodating portion, the flow cross-sectional area is restricted by the through holes provided in the partition wall, and the movement from the accommodating portion to the small diameter portion is restricted by the surface tension of the blood. Is done. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of inconvenience that excessive blood is collected. In addition, the blood held in the accommodating portion by the partition wall flows through the through hole to the small diameter portion by applying a centrifugal force from the accommodating portion to the small diameter portion, and the hematocrit value measurement is accurately performed. It can be carried out.

Moreover, in the said invention, the said valve member is an elastically deformable film-like partition wall which partitions between the said accommodating part and the said small diameter part, and one or more slits provided in this partition wall You may have.
By doing in this way, the blood accommodated in the accommodating part is restricted from flowing to the small diameter part by closing the slit provided in the partition wall. By setting the slit width to be sufficiently narrow, the flow cross-sectional area is reduced, and the movement from the accommodating portion to the small diameter portion is restricted by the surface tension of blood. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of inconvenience that excessive blood is collected. Further, the partition wall is pushed by blood and elastically deformed by applying a centrifugal force from the accommodating portion toward the small diameter portion, thereby expanding the width of the slit. As a result, blood easily passes through the partition wall and flows toward the small-diameter portion, and the hematocrit value can be measured with high accuracy.

  According to the present invention, even when the amount of collected blood is very small, it can be more reliably separated, and there is an effect that high-precision automatic analysis of serum can be performed.

A blood collection device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the blood collection device 1 according to this embodiment includes a straight tubular thin-diameter portion 2 with one end closed, and a large-diameter portion provided at the other end of the thin-diameter portion 2. 3 and an instrument body 5 having an enlarged diameter part 4 whose inner diameter gradually increases from the small diameter part 2 toward the large diameter part 3, and an opening 5a on the large diameter part 3 side of the instrument body 5 can be attached and detached. And a lid (cap) 6 having a suction hole 6a, and an injection needle 7 removably attached to the suction hole 6a of the lid 6.

  The lid 6 includes a fitting portion 8 that fits into the opening 5 a of the large-diameter portion 3 of the instrument body 5 and a housing portion 9, and the housing portion 9 has a volume (for example, 100 to 100). A partition wall 10 (valve member) demarcating about 150 μL is provided. The partition wall 10 is comprised by the plate-shaped member arrange | positioned so that the flow path between an accommodating part and a small diameter part may be interrupted | blocked.

  The partition wall 10 is provided with a large number of through holes 10a (valve members) penetrating in the plate thickness direction. Each through hole 10a has a diameter that prohibits the passage of blood A until the inside of the accommodating portion 9 reaches a predetermined pressure, and allows the passage of blood A when the pressure in the accommodating portion 9 increases more than that. (For example, about several hundred μm).

  Further, the lid body 6 is provided with a vent hole 11 including a through hole formed through a wall surface close to the injection needle 7. The vent hole 11 has a sufficiently small diameter (for example, several hundred μm or less, preferably several μm to several tens μm) and prohibits the passage of blood A, but allows the flow of air C.

  When the fitting portion 8 of the lid body 6 is fitted and attached to the large diameter portion 3 of the instrument body 5, and the injection needle 7 is attached to the suction hole 6a of the lid body 6, one end is closed as shown in FIG. A blood collection device 1 is configured in which a relatively large diameter portion 3 is disposed at the other end of the straight tubular small diameter portion 2.

  The small diameter portion 2 has a uniform inner diameter dimension that is sufficiently smaller than the large diameter portion 3. The inner diameter dimension of the narrow diameter part 2 has a dimension in which a suction nozzle 13 (see FIG. 5) for sucking the serum component separated in the narrow diameter part 2 can be inserted. The outer diameter dimension of the suction nozzle 13 is, for example, 0.8 mm, and the inner diameter dimension of the small diameter portion 2 is a larger dimension, for example, 2 mm.

  The small-diameter portion 2 is formed in a straight tube having a sufficiently long length, for example, a length of about 50 mm, so as to have a sufficient volume capable of storing the blood A stored in the storage portion 9. Is formed. The instrument body 5 is made of a transparent material. Thereby, the small diameter part 2 can visually recognize the internal blood A from the outside.

The operation of the blood collection device 1 according to this embodiment configured as described above will be described below.
In order to collect blood using the blood collection device 1 according to the present embodiment, the injection needle 7 of the blood collection device 1 assembled as shown in FIG. 2 is inserted into a blood vessel B of a human or animal, for example, a vein. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the blood A flows into the blood collection device 1 through the injection needle 7 due to the internal pressure of the blood vessel B at the moment when the blood vessel B is stabbed.

  In this case, according to the blood collection instrument 1 according to the present embodiment, since the accommodating portion 9 into which the blood A enters is opened to the outside by the vent 11 provided on the wall surface, the blood A is accommodated by the internal pressure of the blood vessel B. When entering the portion 9, the air C in the accommodating portion 9 is released to the outside through the vent 11. Thereby, the pressure rise in the accommodating part 9 when the blood A permeates into the accommodating part 9 is prevented. As a result, the blood A can be smoothly flowed in without being inhibited from entering the storage portion 9.

  And even when the blood pressure is low, the blood A fills the entire space in the housing portion 9 partitioned by the partition wall 10 after a sufficient time has passed. In this case, according to the blood collection instrument 1 according to the present embodiment, since the accommodating portion 9 is partitioned by the partition wall 10, it is possible to prevent inflow beyond the partition wall 10. The partition wall 10 is provided with a large number of through holes 10a penetrating in the plate thickness direction. However, since the aperture is set to be sufficiently small, the blood A can pass through even if the blood pressure is high to some extent. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of inconvenience that the blood A cannot be passed through 10a and the amount of blood A exceeding the volume of the accommodating portion 9 is collected.

  After collecting blood A having a volume equal to or less than the volume of the container 9 in this way, as shown in FIG. 4, the blood collection device 1 is installed in the centrifuge so that the tip of the small-diameter portion 2 faces radially outward. And centrifuge. In the figure, reference numeral 14 denotes a cap that covers the injection needle 7. In this case, blood A stored in the storage unit 9 is pressed against the partition wall 10 by centrifugal force, and the pressure received by the partition wall 10 increases. As a result, blood A can pass through the through holes 10 a provided in the partition wall 10. Thereby, all the blood A stored in the storage part 9 via the injection needle 7 is introduced into the small diameter part 2 via the large diameter part 3 and the large diameter part 4.

  The blood A that has flowed out of the suction material 10 passes through the large-diameter portion 3 and the enlarged-diameter portion 4 before being introduced into the small-diameter portion 2 and adheres to the inner wall, but applies a strong centrifugal force. Thus, the blood A adhering to the inner wall is also introduced into the small diameter portion 2 without remaining. Therefore, the collected blood A can be introduced into the small diameter portion 2 without waste.

  Further, since the inner diameter of the small diameter portion 2 is set to about 2 mm, 100 to 150 μL of blood A introduced into the small diameter portion 2 extends over a length of about 30 to 50 mm in the small diameter portion 2. Will be arranged. Then, by further performing centrifugation from this state, the blood A in the small-diameter portion 2 is separated into a blood cell component A1 and a serum component A2 due to the difference in specific gravity, as shown in FIG.

  The hematocrit value can be measured by measuring the ratio between the blood cell component A1 and the serum component A2 separated in the small diameter portion 2 in this way. In this case, according to the present embodiment, the blood A is arranged in the transparent small-diameter portion 2 over a length of about 30 to 50 mm. Therefore, the ratio of the amount of the blood cell component A1 and the serum component A2 is set to The length ratio can be measured visually from the outside.

  In this case, according to the blood collection device 1 according to the present embodiment, the inflow of the blood A through the injection needle 7 is restricted to a necessary amount or less by the partition wall 10, so that all the blood in the storage unit 9 Even if A passes through the through hole 10a and moves to the small diameter portion 2, the volume of the small diameter portion 2 is not exceeded, and the amount of the blood cell component A1 and the amount of the serum component A2 can be clearly measured by the length. There is an advantage that the hematocrit value can be measured easily and accurately.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the serum component A2 is taken out from the blood collection device 1 by opening the large diameter portion 3 by removing the lid 6 from the large diameter portion 3 and narrowing the suction nozzle 13 from the opening 5a. This is done by inserting into the diameter part 2. Since the inner diameter of the small diameter portion 2 is about 2 mm and the outer dimension of the suction nozzle 13 is about 0.8 mm, positioning during insertion is difficult. However, the blood collection instrument 1 according to the present embodiment includes the enlarged diameter portion 4 that gradually increases the inner diameter from the narrow diameter portion 2 and the large diameter portion 3 that has a sufficiently larger inner diameter than the small diameter portion 2. Even if the suction nozzle 13 is not accurately positioned in the small diameter portion 2, it is guided into the small diameter portion 2 by the large diameter portion 4 just by being inserted into the large diameter portion 3, and the serum component A2 in the small diameter portion 2 is obtained. Can be aspirated.

As described above, according to the blood collection device 1 according to the present embodiment, even when only a small amount of blood A can be collected, such as an elderly person, an infant, or a small animal, the hematocrit value is eliminated easily and accurately without waste of blood A. There is an advantage that the measurement can be performed, the serum component A2 can be easily extracted, and the serum component A2 can be automatically analyzed with high accuracy.
Even when the blood pressure is high, the amount of blood A collected by the blood collection device 1 can be limited to a required amount or less, and hematocrit value measurement can be performed with higher accuracy.

  In the present embodiment, the partition wall 10 is configured by a plate-like member, and the through hole 10a penetrating the partition wall 10 is exemplified as a means for allowing the passage of blood A by centrifugal force. As shown in FIG. 6, the partition wall 10 may be constituted by a film-like member made of an elastic material, for example, rubber, and the partition wall 10 may be provided with a slit 10 b (valve member). By doing so, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), in the state where no centrifugal force is applied, the slit 10b is closed until it becomes sufficiently narrow, and the passage of blood A is prohibited, and FIG. 6 (b) As shown, the partition wall 10 is elastically deformed by the pressing force received from the blood A by centrifugal force, so that the slit 10b can expand its width and allow the blood A to pass therethrough.

This also has the advantage that the hematocrit value can be measured with high accuracy by preventing the occurrence of inconvenience that more blood than necessary is collected.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, a suction material 15 made of a bundle of absorptive materials such as cotton, sponge, non-woven fabric, fiber mass or superabsorbent polymer or a large number of capillaries in the accommodating portion 9. May be arranged. By doing in this way, blood A flowing into the accommodating portion 9 when the injection needle 7 is inserted into the blood vessel B reaches the suction material 10 and is thus actively sucked by the capillary phenomenon of the suction material. Even when the blood pressure is low, the necessary amount of blood A can be quickly stored in the storage unit 9.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the vent hole 11 is formed by penetrating the wall surface of the lid body 6 and is configured by a through hole having a diameter that prohibits the passage of blood A and allows the passage of air. However, instead of this, as shown in FIG. 9, a filter 16 may be provided in a relatively large through hole 11a. The filter 16 is, for example, a deaeration filter having a large number of through holes that prohibit passage of blood A and allow passage of air. Thereby, air permeability can be improved while preventing leakage of blood A.

In addition, a serum (or plasma) / blood cell separating agent made of a gel-like substance having thixotropy may be previously placed in the small diameter portion 2. As a result, the separation agent is located between the serum (or plasma) and blood cells after centrifugation, and the movement between the components in the serum (or plasma) and the blood cells is blocked. The accuracy in the can be improved.

It is an exploded longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the blood collection instrument which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the assembled longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blood collection instrument of FIG. It is a figure explaining the blood collection operation | work using the blood collection instrument of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which centrifuged the blood collected by the blood collection instrument of FIG. It is a figure explaining the operation | work which takes out the serum component isolate | separated from the blood cell component from FIG. 4 from a blood collection instrument. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the 1st modification of the blood collection instrument of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the 2nd modification of the blood collection instrument of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the 3rd modification of the blood collection instrument of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the 4th modification of the blood collection instrument of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

A Blood 1 Blood collection instrument 2 Small diameter part 4 Large diameter part 5 Instrument body 6 Lid (cap)
7 Injection needle 9 Housing part 10 Partition wall (valve member)
10a Through hole (valve member)
10b Slit 11 Vent 15 Absorber 16 Filter

Claims (4)

An instrument main body having a straight tubular thin-diameter portion and an enlarged-diameter portion that is connected to one end of the thin-diameter portion, has an inner diameter larger than the thin-diameter portion, and opens to the opposite side of the thin-diameter portion;
A detachably attached to the enlarged diameter portion of the instrument body, and a cap for closing the opening of the enlarged diameter portion,
An injection needle that allows the cap body to communicate with the internal space and the external space in a state where the opening of the enlarged diameter portion is closed, and a storage portion that stores blood that has entered through the injection needle, A blood collecting instrument provided with a valve member that blocks between the accommodating portion and the small diameter portion and is opened by centrifugal force.   The blood collection device according to claim 1, wherein the valve member includes a partition wall that partitions the storage portion and the narrow-diameter portion, and a plurality of through holes that penetrate the partition wall in the thickness direction.   The said valve member is equipped with the elastic-deformable film-like partition wall which partitions between the said accommodating part and the said small diameter part, and one or more slits provided in this partition wall. Blood collection instrument.   The blood collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cap is provided with a vent hole disposed in the vicinity of the attachment position of the injection needle.

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