JP2009112575A - Blood collecting device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To surely perform separation even when a blood collecting amount is a fine amount, to extract blood serum components not including impurities and to highly accurately perform the automatic analysis of blood serum. <P>SOLUTION: A blood collecting device 1 includes an injection needle 7 to be punctured to a blood vessel, a narrow diameter part 2 in a straight tube shape connected to the injection needle 7 and an introducing means 8 for introducing blood B to the narrow diameter part 2 through the injection needle 7, and is configured such that at least a part of the narrow diameter part 2 is composed of an elastic material and a middle position in the longitudinal direction can be closed by a pressure from the outside. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood collection device used for blood tests.

Conventionally, blood tests have been performed by collecting blood with a syringe, replacing a portion of the collected blood with a hematocrit value measurement container and transferring it to a centrifuge container, centrifugation, hematocrit value measurement, and serum aspirated by serum aspirator. I was inspecting.
However, in small animals such as elderly people, infants, dogs and cats, the blood vessels are thin or hard, or it is difficult to specify the position of the blood vessel from the outside, so it is difficult to puncture the injection needle to the correct position, etc. For the reason, there is an inconvenience that a sufficient amount of blood necessary for the test cannot be collected.

  Therefore, if a small amount of collected blood is replaced with a hematocrit value measurement container or transferred to a centrifuge container, the blood remaining on each container is wasted, and a sufficient amount of serum necessary for automatic analysis. It becomes difficult to collect. In addition, there is a disadvantage that a blood analysis result with high accuracy cannot be obtained because the blood touches the atmosphere during the transfer.

In order to solve this problem, a blood collection device that does not need to be transferred to a centrifuge container after blood collection has been devised (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
This blood collection device has a syringe shape so that it can be centrifuged while blood is collected by removing the piston shaft while leaving the inner stopper attached to the tip of the piston in the cylinder. It has become.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-167471

  However, when the serum component separated from the blood cell component by centrifugation is taken out from the blood collection device, the interface between the blood cell component and the serum component is shaken by the vibration during suction or transportation by the nozzle, and the separated serum component is included in the separated serum component. There is a disadvantage that blood cell components are mixed. In such a case, there is an inconvenience that automatic analysis of serum components cannot be performed with high accuracy.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and even when the amount of blood collected is small, it can be more reliably separated, and serum components that do not contain impurities are taken out to enhance automatic analysis of serum. An object of the present invention is to provide a blood collection device that can be accurately performed.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following means.
The present invention comprises an injection needle that is pierced into a blood vessel, a straight tubular small diameter portion connected to the injection needle, and an introduction means for introducing blood into the small diameter portion via the injection needle, Provided is a blood collecting instrument in which at least a part of the small diameter portion is made of an elastic material and is configured so that a midway position in the longitudinal direction can be closed by pressure from the outside.

  According to the present invention, when the injection needle is punctured into a human or animal vein, the blood from the blood vessel is introduced into the small-diameter portion in the blood collection device via the injection needle by the operation of the introduction means. After the blood cell component and the serum component are separated by centrifugation, the midway position in the longitudinal direction of the small-diameter portion is closed by external pressure near the boundary surface between the blood cell component and the serum component. As a result, the serum component is isolated from the blood cell component, and even if the serum component subsequently flows in the small diameter portion due to the suction force by the suction nozzle or the serum component flows during transportation, the blood cell component is moved into the serum component. Serum components can be removed without contamination. Thereby, it becomes possible to perform an automatic analysis of serum accurately.

In the above invention, the introduction means may be connected to the small diameter portion and may comprise a large volume portion having an inner diameter larger than the small diameter portion.
In this way, when a syringe needle is punctured into a human or animal vein, a small amount of blood is collected in the internal space partitioned by the small diameter portion and the large volume portion via the syringe needle by the pressure in the vein. can do. In this case, since the large volume portion is provided in the internal space, the large volume portion can absorb pressure fluctuations in the internal space, and blood can be smoothly taken into the internal space. On the contrary, since the large volume portion is provided to enable smooth blood uptake into the internal space, the inner diameter of the small diameter portion can be made sufficiently small.

  And if the blood collected in the internal space is stored in a straight tubular small diameter part whose inner diameter is sufficiently smaller than the large volume part, the blood is linearly arranged over a long range of the small diameter part even if the amount of blood is very small can do. As a result, by performing centrifugation, the boundary surface between the blood cell component and the serum component can be clearly formed, and the collection of the serum component that does not contain the blood cell component can be facilitated. In addition, centrifugation can be performed without transferring the container, and blood that has adhered to the container and wasted due to the transfer can be eliminated, and a very small amount of blood can be used effectively.

Moreover, in the said invention, the said introduction means is good also as a suction means which makes the inside of the said small diameter part a pressure reduction state.
By doing so, the inside of the small diameter portion is decompressed by the suction means, and the suction of blood can be promoted by the pressure only by puncturing the blood vessel with the injection needle.

Moreover, in the said invention, it is good also as the said small diameter part being comprised with the transparent material.
By doing in this way, the interface of the blood cell component and serum component which are formed in a thin diameter part by centrifugation can be visually recognized from the outside. Thereby, hematocrit value measurement can be accurately performed without transferring the container.

Moreover, in the said invention, the said small diameter part may consist of an elastic material, and you may provide the supporting member which maintains this small diameter part in a straight tube shape.
By doing so, the thin diameter portion is maintained in a straight tube shape by the support member, the hematocrit value can be measured, the serum component can be easily taken out, and the small diameter portion is blocked by pressure, thereby allowing blood cells It is possible to prevent the component from being mixed into the serum component.

  According to the present invention, even when the amount of collected blood is very small, it is possible to separate more reliably, and it is possible to take out serum components that do not contain impurities and perform automated serum analysis with high accuracy. .

A blood collection device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the blood collection device 1 according to the present embodiment includes a straight tubular small diameter portion 2 with one end closed, and a large diameter portion provided at the other end of the small diameter portion 2. 3 and an instrument body 5 having an enlarged diameter part 4 whose inner diameter gradually increases from the small diameter part 2 toward the large diameter part 3, and an opening 5a on the large diameter part 3 side of the instrument body 5 can be attached and detached. A lid body 6 having a suction hole 6a, and a syringe needle 7 removably attached to the suction hole 6a of the lid body 6.

  When the lid body 6 is attached to the large-diameter portion 3 of the instrument body 5 and the injection needle 7 is attached to the suction hole 6a of the lid body 6, as shown in FIG. A large volume portion 8 formed by the large diameter portion 3 and the lid body 6 is disposed at the other end of the tube, and the blood collection device 1 is configured such that the large volume portion 8 communicates with the external space by the injection needle 7. It has become.

  The small diameter portion 2 has a uniform inner diameter dimension that is sufficiently smaller than the large diameter portion 3. The inner diameter dimension of the narrow diameter part 2 has a dimension in which a suction nozzle 9 (see FIG. 6) for sucking the serum component separated in the narrow diameter part 2 can be inserted. The outer diameter dimension of the suction nozzle 9 is, for example, 0.8 mm, and the inner diameter dimension of the small diameter portion 2 is a larger dimension, for example, 2 mm.

  The small-diameter portion 2 is formed in a straight tube having a sufficiently long length, for example, a length of about 50 mm, so as to have a sufficient volume that can accommodate a small amount of collected blood. . The instrument body 5 is made of an elastic body made of a transparent material. As a result, the narrow-diameter portion 2 makes it possible to visually recognize the internal blood from the outside, and is easily crushed by the pressure inward in the radial direction from the outside, and seals the internal space at a midway position in the longitudinal direction. It can be separated into states. Moreover, the thin diameter part 2 has the rigidity of the grade which maintains a straight tubular state in the state which does not apply external force.

The operation of the blood collection device 1 according to this embodiment configured as described above will be described below.
In order to collect blood using the blood collection device 1 according to the present embodiment, the injection needle 7 of the blood collection device 1 assembled as shown in FIG. 2 is inserted into a blood vessel A of a human or animal, for example, a vein. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, at the moment when the blood vessel A is stabbed, some blood B enters the internal space of the blood collection device 1 through the injection needle 7 due to the internal pressure of the blood vessel A.

  In this case, according to the blood collection instrument 1 according to the present embodiment, the small-diameter portion 2 in which the collected blood B is to be stored is very thin and its volume is small, but the small-diameter portion 2 has a large-volume portion 8. Since they are connected, the total volume of the internal space is sufficiently secured. For this reason, the large volume part 8 is made to function as a buffer which suppresses a pressure fluctuation, and blood B is introduced into the internal space of the blood sampling device 1 even in the case of an elderly person with low blood pressure, an infant with a thin blood vessel A, or a small animal. The blood pressure of about 100 to 150 μL can be easily introduced into the internal space of the blood sampling device 1 through the injection needle 7.

  In this state, as shown in FIG. 4, the blood collection device 1 is placed in a centrifuge so that the tip of the small-diameter portion 2 is directed outward in the radial direction to perform centrifugation. In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a cap. Thereby, all the blood B collected on the injection needle 7 side is introduced into the small diameter portion 2 through the large diameter portion 3 and the large diameter portion 4.

  The blood B passes through the large-diameter portion 3 and the enlarged-diameter portion 4 and adheres to the inner wall from the time when it is introduced into the small-diameter portion 2 through the injection needle 7. Blood B adhering to is introduced into the small diameter portion 2 without remaining. Therefore, the collected blood B can be introduced into the small diameter portion 2 without waste.

  In addition, since the inner diameter of the small diameter portion 2 is set to about 2 mm, 100 to 150 μL of blood introduced into the small diameter portion 2 is distributed over the length of about 30 to 50 mm in the small diameter portion 2. Will be. Then, by further performing centrifugation from this state, the blood B in the small-diameter portion 2 is separated into a blood cell component B1 and a serum component B2 due to the difference in specific gravity, as shown in FIG.

  The hematocrit value can be measured by measuring the ratio of the blood cell component B1 and the serum component B2 separated in the small diameter portion 2 in this way. In this case, according to the present embodiment, since the blood B is arranged in the transparent small diameter portion 2 over a length of about 30 to 50 mm, the ratio of the amount of the blood cell component B1 and the serum component B2 is determined by the ratio. The length ratio can be measured visually from the outside.

  That is, even if the amount of blood collected is as small as 100 to 150 μL, the amount of blood cell component B1 and the amount of serum component B2 can be clearly measured according to the length, and the hematocrit value can be measured easily and accurately. is there.

  Then, when the hematocrit measurement is completed, as shown in FIG. 5, the serum component B2 side slightly near the boundary surface C between the blood cell component B1 and the serum component B2 by an arbitrary means such as a pinch valve 11, for example. The inside of the small diameter part 2 is isolate | separated into a sealing state by crushing the small diameter part 2 in the radial direction in the position arrange | positioned. Thereby, the blood cell component B1 is prevented from being mixed into the serum component B2 during the subsequent operation or transportation, and the serum component B2 containing no impurities can be taken out from the internal space of the blood sampling device 1.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the serum component B2 is removed from the blood collection device 1 by opening the large-diameter portion 3 by removing the lid 6 from the large-diameter portion 3 and narrowing the suction nozzle 9 from the opening 5a. This is done by inserting into the diameter part 2. Since the inner diameter dimension of the small diameter portion 2 is about 2 mm and the outer dimension of the suction nozzle 9 is about 0.8 mm, positioning at the time of insertion is difficult. However, the blood collection instrument 1 according to the present embodiment includes the enlarged diameter portion 4 that gradually increases the inner diameter from the narrow diameter portion 2 and the large diameter portion 3 that has a sufficiently larger inner diameter than the small diameter portion 2. Even if the suction nozzle 9 is not accurately positioned in the small diameter portion 2, it is guided into the small diameter portion 2 by the large diameter portion 4 just by being inserted into the large diameter portion 3, and the serum component B2 in the small diameter portion 2 is obtained. Can be aspirated.

  As described above, according to the blood collection device 1 according to the present embodiment, even when only a very small amount of blood B can be collected, such as an elderly person, an infant, or a small animal, the hematocrit value is eliminated easily and accurately without waste of blood B. There is an advantage that the measurement can be performed, the serum component B2 not containing impurities can be easily extracted, and the automatic analysis of the serum component B2 can be accurately performed.

Next, a blood collection device 20 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
In the description of the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the portions having the same configuration as the blood collection instrument 1 according to the first embodiment described above, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the blood collection device 20 according to the present embodiment is common to the blood collection device 1 according to the first embodiment in that it includes a small diameter portion 2, an enlarged diameter portion 4, and a large diameter portion 3. However, it is different in that the injection needle 7 is provided at the tip of the small diameter portion 2 and the suction mechanism 22 is provided in the lid 21 that closes the opening portion 5a of the large diameter portion 3.

  The suction mechanism 22 is, for example, an accordion mechanism made of an elastic material (hereinafter, also referred to as an accordion mechanism 22). The suction mechanism 22 is expanded by a resilient force when released from a compressed state, and expands the total volume of the internal space. The interior space can be decompressed.

  In the present embodiment, a cap 23 that covers the injection needle 7 after blood B is collected is provided. The cap 23 is filled with a putty 24. When the cap 23 is put on the injection needle 7, the putty 24 in the cap 23 enters the injection needle 7 and fills up to the proximal end of the injection needle 7. It has become. Thereby, the front-end | tip of the thin diameter part 2 can be sealed, and hematocrit value measurement can be performed with the blood B distribute | arranged to the thin diameter part 2 of a uniform internal cross-sectional area.

The operation of the blood collection device 20 according to this embodiment configured as described above will be described below.
In order to perform blood collection using the blood collection device 20 according to the present embodiment, the needle 7 at the tip of the small-diameter portion 2 is pierced into a blood vessel A of a human or animal, for example, a vein, while the bellows mechanism 22 is compressed. Then, as shown in FIG. 8, at the moment when the blood vessel A is stabbed, some blood B enters the internal space of the blood collection device 20 through the injection needle 7 due to the internal pressure of the blood vessel A.

  Next, when the bellows mechanism 22 that has been compressed is expanded by being released, the internal space is decompressed, and the blood B in the blood vessel A is further sucked into the internal space. In this way, even if the internal pressure of the blood vessel A is insufficient and the blood B that can be collected first is not sufficient, the operation of the bellows mechanism 22 causes a sufficient amount of blood B as shown in FIG. Can be collected.

  When about 100 to 150 μL of blood B is introduced into the internal space of the blood collection device 20 through the injection needle 7, the cap 23 is put on the injection needle 7 to allow the putty 24 to enter the injection needle 7. Seal. In this state, the blood collection device 20 is placed in a centrifuge so that the tip of the small-diameter portion 2 is directed outward in the radial direction, and centrifugation is performed. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 10, the blood B in the small-diameter portion 2 is separated into the blood cell component B1 and the serum component B2 due to the difference in specific gravity, so that the hematocrit value can be measured easily and accurately. Can do.

  Then, when the hematocrit measurement is completed, as shown in FIG. 11, the pinch valve 11 crushed the narrow-diameter portion 2 in the radial direction and separated the inside into a sealed state. In addition, the blood cell component B1 is prevented from being mixed into the serum component B2. Thereafter, the suction nozzle 9 is inserted into the small-diameter portion 2 from the opening 5a of the large-diameter portion 3 from which the lid 21 has been removed, and the serum component B2 not containing impurities can be taken out from the internal space of the blood collection device 20. .

Next, a blood collection device 30 according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13.
In the description of the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the portions having the same configuration as the blood collection device 1 according to the first embodiment described above, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the blood collection device 30 according to the present embodiment is formed in a syringe shape including a cylinder 31 to which the injection needle 7 is attached and a piston 32 that is slidably disposed in the cylinder 31. Yes. The piston 32 includes the small diameter portion 2, the large diameter portion 4, and the large diameter portion 3, similar to the instrument main body 5 of the first embodiment, and the outer periphery of the large diameter portion 3 is connected to the inner surface of the cylinder 31. A packing 33 is provided to seal the gap.

  Similar to the first and second embodiments, the small-diameter portion 2 is formed in a transparent thin tube and has elasticity that is crushed in the radial direction, while having a sufficiently high tensile strength in the longitudinal direction and is difficult to extend. It is composed of a material with properties. A handle 34 for operating the piston 32 in the direction in which the piston 32 is pulled out from the cylinder 31 is provided at the end of the small diameter portion 2.

  In order to perform blood collection using the blood collection instrument 30 according to the present embodiment configured as described above, the piston 32 is attached to the cylinder 31 with the injection needle 7 inserted into the blood vessel as shown in FIG. By moving in the pulling direction, the internal space can be in a reduced pressure state, and blood B can be collected. After 100 to 150 μL of blood B has been collected, the serum component B2 is separated by centrifugation, hematocrit test, and pinch valve 11 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. And the cylinder 31 as a cover body is removed from the piston 32, the suction nozzle 9 is inserted from the opening part 32a of the large diameter part 3, and the internal serum component B2 is sucked.

  As described above, according to the blood collection device 30 according to the present embodiment, as in the second embodiment, even when the injection needle 7 is simply inserted into the blood vessel A, a sufficient amount of blood B for examination cannot be collected. By simply moving the piston 32 with respect to the cylinder 31, it is possible to suck further blood B and perform hematocrit value measurement and automatic analysis of the serum component B2 with high accuracy.

Next, a blood collection device 40 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15.
Also in the description of the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to portions having the same configuration as the blood collection device 1 according to the first embodiment described above, and the description thereof is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 14, the blood collection device 40 according to this embodiment includes a device body 41 and a holder 42 that supports the injection needle 7.

  As in the first embodiment, the instrument main body 41 has a small diameter portion 2, a large diameter portion 4, and a large diameter portion 3, and an elastic material that seals the opening 41 a in the opening 41 a of the large diameter portion 3. A film-like lid body 43 is provided. And the internal space of the instrument main body 41 is made into the pressure reduction state.

  The holder 42 holds the injection needle 7 having one end 7 a punctured into the blood vessel A and the other end 7 b punctured into the lid 43, and holds the large-diameter portion 3 closed by the lid 43. It is formed in a cylinder shape to be fitted. As shown in FIG. 15, with the end 7 a of the injection needle 7 pierced into the blood vessel A, the large-diameter portion 3 of the instrument main body 41 is fitted into the holder 42 and injected into the lid 43 of the instrument main body 41. By penetrating the other end 7 b of the needle 7, the blood A can be sucked into the instrument main body 41 by the pressure in the internal space.

  Similarly to the second and third embodiments, the blood collection instrument 40 according to the present embodiment configured as described above can generate a sufficient amount of blood B for examination only by inserting the injection needle 7 into the blood vessel A. Even when it cannot be collected, there is an advantage that further blood B can be aspirated using the reduced pressure state of the internal space of the instrument body 41, and hematocrit value measurement and automatic analysis of serum component B2 can be performed with high accuracy.

  In each of the above embodiments, the entire small-diameter portion 2 is made of an elastic material, but only the vicinity of the portion to be crushed by the pinch valve 11 may be made of an elastic material. In addition, when the small-diameter portion 2 made of a thin tubular elastic material itself cannot maintain an upright state, a support member (not shown) that supports the small-diameter portion 2 in an upright state is provided outside the small-diameter portion 2. It may be attached.

  In each of the above embodiments, the thin portion 2 is made of an elastic material, but when the serum component B2 can be collected without being transported or subjected to vibration immediately after centrifugation, It may not be possible to be crushed in the radial direction by pressure. Therefore, it may be made of a harder material such as glass.

  As a method of crushing the small diameter portion 2 in the radial direction, instead of the pinch valve 11, crimping by ultrasonic induction heating or heater heating, or by crushing the small diameter portion 2 by twisting may be used. Further, as a method of partitioning the serum component B2 and the blood cell component B1 so as not to be mixed, instead of the method of deforming the small-diameter portion 2, it is arranged on the boundary surface C between the serum component B2 and the blood cell component B1 by centrifugation. It is good also as mixing the separating agent and the coagulant | flocculant which will be made into the blood B.

1 is an exploded longitudinal sectional view showing a blood collecting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is the assembled longitudinal cross-sectional view of the blood collection instrument of FIG. It is a figure explaining the blood collection operation | work using the blood collection instrument of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which centrifuged the blood collected by the blood collection instrument of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which isolate | separated the serum component centrifuged by FIG. 4 from the blood cell component with the pinch valve. It is a figure explaining the operation | work which takes out the serum component isolate | separated from the blood cell component by FIG. 5 from a blood collection instrument. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the blood collection instrument which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which punctured the blood vessel with the injection needle in the blood collection operation | work using the blood collection instrument of FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a step of sucking blood by operating a suction mechanism in the blood collection operation of FIG. 8. It is a figure which shows the state which centrifuged the blood collected by FIG. It is a figure explaining the operation | work which isolate | separates the serum component centrifuged by FIG. 10 from a blood cell component with a pinch valve, and takes out from a blood-collecting instrument. It is a figure explaining the blood collection operation | work by the blood collection instrument which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a step of sucking blood by moving the piston in a direction of pulling out the cylinder in the blood collection operation of FIG. 12. It is a decomposition | disassembly longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the blood collection instrument which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the blood collection operation | work using the blood collection instrument of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1,20,30,40 Blood collection instrument 2 Small diameter part 5,41 Instrument body 6,21,43 Lid 7 Injection needle 8 Large volume part (introduction means)
22 Bellows mechanism (suction means, introduction means)
31 cylinder (lid)
32 piston (suction means, introduction means)

Claims (5)

An injection needle pierced into the blood vessel;
A straight tubular small diameter portion connected to the injection needle;
Introducing means for introducing blood into the small diameter portion through the injection needle,
A blood collecting instrument configured such that at least a part of the small-diameter portion is made of an elastic material, and a midway position in a longitudinal direction can be closed by an external pressure.   The blood collecting instrument according to claim 1, wherein the introducing means comprises a large volume portion connected to the small diameter portion and having a larger inner diameter than the small diameter portion.   The blood collection instrument according to claim 1, wherein the introduction means is a suction means for reducing the inside of the small-diameter portion.   The blood collection instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the narrow-diameter portion is made of a transparent material. The entire small diameter portion is made of an elastic material,
The blood collecting instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a support member that maintains the small-diameter portion in a straight tube shape.

Images