JP2009243835A - Cold water air conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cold water air conditioning system, which overcomes disadvantages of both a cold air circulation system and a cold water circulation system while keeping the advantages of both systems which are the prior art utilizing snow as a low temperature heat source for cooling. <P>SOLUTION: Cold water 6 is caused to flow down along the surface of a plate material 11, the air 27 having a higher temperature than the cold water 6 is caused to flow in a direction different from the flow direction of the cold water 6, and the cold water 6 and the air 27 are brought into direct contact with each other to perform air conditioning. The upper part of the plate material 11 includes a gutter 9 for accumulating the cold water 6 to flow, and a flow streamline material 31 for uniformly flowing the cold water 6 is disposed at the upper edge of the gutter 9. The above problem is solved by this type of cold water air conditioning system 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cold water air conditioning system using cold water such as snowmelt water as a low temperature heat source.

  In recent years, global warming has become a major social and political issue. In addition, the progress of global warming is reaching a stage where it can be experienced everywhere in daily life. For example, even in the northern Japan and Hokkaido areas, cooling has become necessary in the summer. In this case, it is possible to deal with a normal power-driven air conditioner, but a large amount of power energy is required to operate the air conditioner. In addition, if power generation is covered by thermal power generation, it involves a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions, which is against the request to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the consumed electric power energy is finally converted into thermal energy, resulting in a vicious circle that causes further global warming.

  By the way, in the mountainous areas of northern Japan and Hokkaido, there is a lot of snow in the winter. Therefore, in these areas, it has been practiced to store the snow in winter in a snow room and use cold heat for a long time. In these areas, there are relatively large vacant lots even in residential areas. In view of this, it has been relatively easy to store snow until summer, by accumulating snow in the winter to form a snowy mountain and covering the surface with a heat insulating material. Various snow cooling devices that use the stored snow as a low-temperature heat source for cooling in summer have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).

  These conventional snow cooling devices are roughly classified into a cold air circulation type as shown in FIG. 6 (a) and a cold water circulation type as shown in FIG. 6 (b). In the cold air circulation type, the air in the building 2 that needs air conditioning is brought into direct contact with the snow 5 stored in the snow room or the like to lower the temperature of the air, and the low-temperature air is sent again into the building 2 to circulate. Is. On the other hand, in the cold water circulation type, the melted water of the snow 5 stored in the snow room or the like is sent to the heat exchanger, and the air in the building 2 that needs air conditioning is cooled by the heat exchanger, and the cooled air is It is sent into the building 2 and circulated.

  The advantage of the cold air circulation type is that the indoor air is in direct contact with the snow surface, so that fine dust contained in the air adheres to the snow and cleans the air, and the air is on the snow surface. The dehumidifying effect is obtained by reducing the absolute humidity when cooled. On the other hand, in the cold air circulation type, it is necessary to circulate a large amount of air, so the circulation duct must have a large cross section, and in consideration of economy, a building that requires air conditioning and a snow room that stores snow, etc. Has the disadvantage that it must be a short distance. In addition, there is a disadvantage that sound is transmitted through the air duct.

The advantage of the cold water circulation type is that a large amount of cold heat can be transported by a small-section pipe because snowmelt water having a large specific heat is used as a heat transport medium. Therefore, even if the distance between the building that requires air conditioning and the low-temperature heat source is relatively long, an economical system can be obtained. On the other hand, the cold water circulation system simply uses cold water as a heat transport medium and does not directly contact indoor air that requires air conditioning with snow or cold water. There is a disadvantage that it is not possible.
JP 58-203376 A JP 7-293936 A JP 2002-277126 A JP 2005-299944 A

  This invention is made | formed in view of the situation mentioned above, and makes it a subject to eliminate the fault of both systems, inheriting the advantage of a cold wind circulation type and a cold water circulation type. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a chilled water air-conditioning system that has a small cross section for transporting cold heat, is economical, and can provide an air cleaning effect and a humidity control effect.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the cold water is caused to flow down along the surface of the plate material, air having a temperature higher than that of the cold water is caused to flow from a direction different from the flow direction of the cold water, and the cold water and the air are directly contacted to perform air conditioning. It is a cold water air conditioning system characterized by performing.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the chilled water air conditioning system according to the first aspect, a plurality of the plate members are disposed apart from each other.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the cold water air conditioning system according to the first or second aspect, the cold water is caused to flow down on one side or both sides of the plate member.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the chilled water air-conditioning system according to any one of the first to third aspects, a ridge for collecting and flowing down the chilled water is provided on an upper portion of the plate member, and the chilled water is provided on an upper edge of the ridge. The flow-down rectifying material that makes the water flow down uniformly is provided.

  A fifth aspect of the present invention is the cold water air conditioning system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the plate material is a window glass of a building.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the cold water air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cold water is water obtained by melting snow stored as a snow mountain.

  According to the cold water air-conditioning system of the first aspect, it is possible to eliminate the disadvantages of both types while inheriting the advantages of the cold air circulation type and the cold water circulation type. That is, the piping for transporting cold heat has a small cross section and is economical, and also provides an air cleaning effect and a humidity control effect, and an air conditioning system that can be called a hybrid type of a cold air circulation type and a cold water circulation type can be realized. .

  According to the cold water air-conditioning system of claim 2, it is possible to realize a compact air-conditioning system having a large heat exchange amount.

  According to the cold water air-conditioning system of the third aspect, an air conditioning system rich in flexibility can be obtained by allowing cold water to flow down on one or both sides of the glass plate as necessary.

  According to the cold water air-conditioning system of the fourth aspect, the cold water can flow down as a uniform flow along the surface of the plate material. Therefore, efficient heat exchange is possible over the entire surface of the plate.

  According to the cold water air-conditioning system of the fifth aspect, the visual effect and the healing effect can be obtained by flowing the cold water through the window glass constituting a part of the building.

  According to the cold water air conditioning system of the sixth aspect, since cold water can be obtained from the snowy mountains, an inexpensive air conditioning system as a whole can be realized.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a cold water air conditioning system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This cold water air conditioning system 1 performs air conditioning in a building using the cold heat of snowmelt water, and is an example in which the snowmelt water air conditioner 1 as a cold water air conditioning system is applied to a window 3 of a building 2.

  The melted water 6 of the snow 5 stored as the snowy mountain 4 is sucked up by the pump 7 and supplied to the eaves 9 disposed in the upper part of the snowmelt water air conditioner 1 through the water supply pipe 8. The snowmelt water 6 supplied to the eaves 9 falls along the surface of the glass plate 11 of the snowmelt water air conditioner 1 constituting the window 3 of the building, and is collected in the lower tank 12. Part of the water collected in the tank 12 is returned to the snowy mountain 4 again for use in melting snow in the snowy mountain 4. That is, between the snowy mountain 4 and the building 2 that requires air conditioning, there are a water supply pipe 8 for sending the snowmelt water 6 to the building and a return pipe 13 for returning the water collected in the tank 12 from the building 2 to the snowy mountain 4. It is laid. Further, a part of the water collected in the tank 12 is passed as a surplus water to a river or the like via the drain pipe 14. Any of the pipes 8, 13, and 14 has an advantage that it can be a pipe having a small cross section as compared with the case where air is blown as a heat medium.

  The snowy mountain 4 can be provided in a vacant land suitable for storing snow. The snowy mountain 4 is preferably built on a ground slightly lower than the ground on which the building 2 is built. As a result, the return of water from the building 2 to the snowy mountain 4 can be a natural fall due to the use of gravity, and the installation of the pump in the return pipe 13 can be omitted. Moreover, after covering the surface of the snowy mountain 4 with natural husks and wood chips, the cover can be covered with a heat insulating sheet 15 so that snow can be stored for several months at a very low cost.

  Conventionally, methods for storing snow over a long period of time include a method using a snow chamber and a method using a snow mountain, but many methods use a snow chamber. However, the construction of a snow room is expensive. On the other hand, the method of using snowy mountains has the advantage of being cheap. Therefore, in the present invention, the snow mountain 4 is mainly employed as a method for storing the snow 5. The ground on which the snowy mountain 4 is built is leveled before snowfall, and a pit 16 for storing the snowmelt water 6 is provided at an appropriate location.

  FIG. 2 is an external perspective view showing one unit of the snowmelt water air conditioner that also serves as the window 3 of the building 2, and FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view perpendicular to the window surface. The snowmelt water air conditioner 1 is suitable for factory production and is unitized so that it can be manufactured at low cost. The unitized snowmelt water air conditioner 1 can also be installed directly on the floor of the building 2. An opening 17 is provided on the upper surface of the tank 12, and a window 3 made of one or more transparent or translucent glass plates 11 is attached to the opening 17. The window 3 is fixed to the tank 12 for each unit. The window 3 can be fixed to the tank 12 in the same manner as a normal window frame sash by fixing both side portions of the glass plate 11 with an aluminum extrusion frame material or the like.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, three glass plates 11 having a thickness of several millimeters are fixed with an interval 18 of about 2 centimeters. A small opening 19 is provided in another part of the upper portion of the tank 12, and an electric fan 21 that sends indoor air into the tank 12 is attached to the small opening 19. Also, the tank 12 is provided with a reflux pipe 13 for returning water to the snowy mountain 4 and a drain pipe 14 for draining excess water when the water accumulates above a certain level.

  On the upper side 22 of the glass plate 11 constituting the window 3, a gutter 9 for fixing and overflowing the snowmelt water 6 is fixed. Although the eaves 9 are provided independently for each glass plate 11, the eaves 9 fixed to each glass plate 11 are integrated by a common side plate 23 for convenience of handling. Each cage 9 has a pair of front plate 24 and back plate 25. The front plate 24 and the back plate 25 are bent in a substantially J shape in cross section, and the lower part is fixed to the front or back surface of the glass plate 11. When the snowmelt water 6 is allowed to flow down on the front and back surfaces of the glass plate 11, the horizontal levels of the upper sides of the front and back plates 24 and 25 are the same. When the snowmelt water 6 is allowed to flow only on one of the front surface or the back surface of the glass plate 11, the upper side levels of the front plate 24 and the back plate 25 are set to different heights.

  When the window glass is composed of a plurality of glass plates 11, gaps 26 having a predetermined interval are provided in each ridge 9 provided on the adjacent glass plates 11. In this embodiment, a gap 26 of about 1 centimeter is provided. The flow of air 27 sent out from the fan 21 is redirected in the tank 12, and rises while being cooled in direct contact with the low-temperature snowmelt water 6 flowing down along the surface of the glass plate 11. 26 is blown out from the upper part of the snowmelt water air conditioner 1.

  A deflection plate 28 is attached above the flange 9. The deflecting plate 28 is for bending the cooled air 27 flow in a desired direction, and may be attached to the building 2 or the unitized snowmelt water air conditioner 1.

  FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ridge 9 attached to a single glass plate 11. The trough 9 is designed to allow the snow melt 6 to flow down on the front and back surfaces of the glass plate 11. A downflow rectifier 31 is attached to the upper edge 29 of the front surface plate 24 and the back surface plate 25 of the cage 9 to allow the snowmelt water 6 to flow down uniformly. Specifically, a gauze 31 is attached to the upper edge 29 of the front plate 24 and the back plate 25. The gauze 31 is attached over the entire width of the front surface plate 24 and the back surface plate 25 so as to cover the upper edge 29 from the inside and hang outward. The flow-down rectifying material 31 is not limited to gauze, and may be any material that contains water and rectifies the water into a thin film to flow down, and a fibrous material such as Japanese paper can also be used.

  Next, the operation of the snowmelt water air conditioner 1 of the above-described embodiment will be described. In the summer, when the air temperature reaches a level that requires cooling, snow melting proceeds even in the snowy mountain 4 whose surface is covered with the heat insulating material 15. Therefore, the snowmelt water 6 is collected in the pit 16 of the snowy mountain 4. When the water supply pump 7 is driven in such a state, the snowmelt water 6 passes through the water supply pipe 8 and is supplied to each trough 9 provided in the upper part of the snowmelt water air conditioner 1. When the snowmelt water 6 sent to each cage 9 accumulates to a level where it overflows, the snowmelt water 6 is rectified by the gauze 31 attached to the front plate 24 and the back plate 25 of each cage 9, and the surface of the glass plate 11 is rectified. It will flow down as a thin film. However, the snowmelt water 6 is not allowed to flow down to the outdoor surface of the outermost glass plate 11 among the three glass plates 11.

  When the water pump 7 is driven and then the fan 21 provided in the upper part of the tank 12 is driven, the air in the building is pushed into the tank 12 by the fan 21 and the pressure in the tank 12 rises. Then, the air 27 pushed into the tank 12 passes between the plurality of glass plates 11 and rises. At that time, the flow direction of the snowmelt water 6 and the rising direction of the air 27 flow are opposite to each other, and the air 27 flow is in direct contact with the snowmelt water 6. When the relatively low-temperature snowmelt water 6 and the relatively high-temperature air 27 flow come into direct contact, the fine dust contained in the air 27 is transferred to the snowmelt water 6 side and removed, and the air 27 is cooled. This reduces the humidity. Along with this, the off-flavor contained in the air 27 is also removed. In addition, since the relatively low-temperature snowmelt water 6 and the relatively high-temperature air 27 convect, heat exchange is efficiently performed by convection cooling between the snowmelt water 6 and the air 27. As a result, the air blown out from the upper part of the snowmelt water air conditioner 1 is cooled and fine dust is also removed, so that the air can be air-conditioned in a dehumidified mode.

  When air conditioning is performed, the amount of heat exchanged between the melted snow water 6 and the air 27 in the building to be cooled also varies due to temperature fluctuations, but the valve 32 provided on the water supply pipe 8 according to the amount of heat exchanged. It is possible to easily adjust the temperature by adjusting the opening degree. The opening degree of the valve 32 can be automatically adjusted using a temperature controller (not shown).

  Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, since the plurality of glass plates 11 constituting the glass window are cooled over the entire surface, the air in the building 2 having the glass window is radiatively cooled by the cooled glass plate 11. Become. Cooling by convection of two flows is excellent in cooling capacity and is an efficient cooling method, but is inferior in terms of comfort because it involves air flow. On the other hand, radiant cooling by radiant cooling does not involve an air flow, and therefore has the advantage of being gentle to the human body and excellent in comfort. The present invention efficiently exchanges heat by convection cooling and also has a function of radiant cooling. Therefore, it is possible to perform air conditioning that is excellent in cooling capability and gentle to the human body.

  Next, the superiority of the composite cooling of the present invention in which convection cooling and radiation cooling are performed together will be described. Generally, as an index of cooling comfort, PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) called a predicted thermal sensation report is used. PMV is the six elements that affect the thermal comfort of the human body, namely, four physical elements of room temperature, average radiation temperature, relative humidity, and average wind speed, and two human elements of the occupant. It is an index expressed as a function of the amount of clothes and the amount of work. The comfort of cooling can be expressed numerically using PMV. Specifically, the comfort evaluation is expressed by a numerical value from +3 (hot) to -3 (cold), and is suitable for evaluating a thermal environment close to a comfortable temperature range in which a person lives such as an office. According to ISO, a thermal environment in which PMV is within ± 0.5 is recommended.

  FIG. 5 shows PMV33 measured using the snowmelt water air conditioner 1 according to this embodiment. The air inlet temperature 34 to the snowmelt water air conditioner 1, that is, the room temperature, gradually decreases with time. On the other hand, the air outlet temperature 35 blown out from the upper part of the snowmelt water air-conditioning apparatus 1 rapidly decreases by directly contacting the snowmelt water. Due to these influences, PMV33 also gradually decreases, and can be around ± 0.5, which is most comfortable for human beings in about 30 minutes after the start of the operation of the snowmelt water air conditioner 1.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on the Example, this invention is not limited to these Examples. In the above embodiment, snowmelt water is used as cold water, but the cold water is not limited to snowmelt water, and any water having a temperature lower than the ambient temperature, such as ground water, can be used. In the above embodiment, three glass plates 11 having a thickness of several millimeters are fixed at intervals of about 2 centimeters, but the thickness and interval of the glass plates 11 may be different from these values. Needless to say, it is good.

  Furthermore, although the said Example applies a cold-water air conditioning system to the window 3 of the building 2, the cold-water air conditioning system of this invention is applicable also to parts other than the window 3 of the building 2. FIG. For example, it can be used as a prop in a show window. In the case of such a prop, the water flowing down along the surface of the transparent plate has not only an air conditioning effect but also a visual effect. In particular, a combination of colored lighting can give a great appeal to passers-by. In addition, when applied to a building in a quiet residential area, it is possible to add a “buzzing sound” to a quiet living space, and a living space with a great healing effect can be realized.

It is a conceptual diagram of the cold water air-conditioning system which is an Example of this invention. It is an external appearance perspective view which shows the Example which applied this invention to the window. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the window surface of FIG. 2. It is a fragmentary sectional view of a bag. It is a diagram which shows the experimental result by the Example of this invention. The whole system of the snow cooling which is a prior art is shown, (a) is a cold wind circulation system, (b) is a cold water circulation system.

Explanation of symbols

1 Chilled water air conditioning system (snow melt water air conditioner)
2 Building 3 Window 4 Snow mountain 6 Cold water (snow melting water)
9 樋
11 Plate material (glass plate)
27 Air
31 Flow straightening material (gauze)

Claims (6)

  Chilled water air-conditioning is performed by causing cold water to flow along the surface of the plate material, flowing air at a temperature higher than the cold water from a direction different from the flow direction of the cold water, and directly contacting the cold water and the air. system.   The chilled water air-conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the plate members are disposed apart from each other.   The cold water air conditioning system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cold water is allowed to flow down on one side or both sides of the plate material.   4. A flow rectifying material for uniformly flowing down the cold water is disposed on an upper edge of the ridge, and a ridge for collecting and flowing down the cold water is provided on an upper portion of the plate material. The cold water air conditioning system described in the paragraph.   The cold water air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plate member is a window glass of a building.   The cold water air-conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cold water is water obtained by melting snow stored as a snowy mountain.

Images