JP2009243058A - Excavator and excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavator capable of preventing excavated sediment from reversely flowing into an air hammer device. <P>SOLUTION: This excavator comprises an air vent hole 23 allowing the inside and the outside of a hammer cylinder 18 to communicate with each other. A valve device 34 allowing a high pressure air to flow from the inside of the hammer cylinder 18 to the outside of a device 10 and stopping the inflow of the air and chips from the outside of the device 10 into the hammer cylinder 18. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a drilling apparatus and a drilling method for drilling holes such as wells.

  As a drilling device that digs a hole in the ground, a drilling device having a bit device that is attached to the bottom surface of a device that receives impact force of a hammer and rotational force of a hammer cylinder and rotates to excavate earth and sand is known (Patent Document) 1). The conventional excavator will be described with reference to FIGS. Reference numeral 10 denotes a device. The device 10 has a protrusion provided on the inner peripheral wall of the screw cylinder 13 that is screwed into and fixed to the lower portion of the hammer cylinder 18 of the air hammer device 11 so that it can be moved up and down and screwed. The hammer cylinder 18 is rotated together with the hammer cylinder 18 by engaging with the cylinder 13 in a non-rotating state and rotating the hammer cylinder 18 about the axis by a driving device (not shown).

  A collar 19 (a retaining portion) is fitted to the upper end portion of the device 10 located in the hammer cylinder 18 to prevent the device 10 from coming off. Further, the device 10 is provided with an air vent hole 23 that communicates the inside and outside of the hammer cylinder 18 in order to discharge the exhaust air from the air hammer device 11 from the inside of the hammer cylinder 18 to the outside. 12a and 12b are bit devices having a substantially semicircular shape, and the eccentric shafts 14a and 14b provided on the upper surface rotate around the shaft hole provided at a point-symmetrical position with respect to the center of the circular bottom surface of the device 10. It is attached to the device 10 by being inserted and fixed movably. A sufficient number of bits 16 made of cemented carbide are fixed to the bottom surfaces of the bit devices 12a and 12b.

  Reference numeral 17 denotes a pipe. As the excavation progresses, the pressing portion 21 provided in the large-diameter portion of the device 10 abuts on the collar 22 provided in the lower part of the inner periphery of the pipe 17 so that the device 10 is drawn into the excavation hole. To enter. As shown in FIG. 4, when both peripheral surfaces of the bit devices 12a and 12b are circular as seen from the bottom surface side, the straight end surfaces are opposed to each other with an appropriate interval 15 and are formed by both bit devices. Is smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe 17. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, when the bit devices 12a and 12b rotate around the eccentric shafts 14a and 14b and the straight end surfaces come into contact with each other, the ends of both the bit devices 12a and 12b are outward from the pipe 17. Excavate and excavate earth and sand.

When the hammer cylinder 18 and the device 10 rotate in the direction of arrow A, the bit devices 12a and 12b receiving resistance from the earth and sand also rotate about the eccentric shafts 14a and 14b, respectively, and the straight end faces thereof as shown in FIG. Abut. Thereafter, the straight end surfaces act as stopper surfaces of each other, both the bit devices 12a and 12b rotate with the tips projecting outward from the pipe 17, and are subjected to a strike from the hammer 20 of the air hammer device 11. Drilling earth and sand. A rod 15 is connected to the air hammer device 11, and rotational force is transmitted from the rod 15, and high-pressure compressed air is supplied from the rod 15.
The excavated earth and sand and the like are discharged from the air hammer device 11 with high-pressure exhaust air from the air vent hole 23 to the lower surface side of the device 10, and the exhaust groove 24 and the hammer cylinder 18 provided on the outer periphery of the device 10 by this exhaust air. And the pipe 17 is discharged to the outside.

Since the excavation hole is larger than the diameter of the pipe 17, the pipe 17 is drawn together with the device 10 into the excavation hole. Since the straight end surfaces of both bit devices 12a and 12b abut during excavation, they rotate stably. At the end of excavation, the hammer cylinder 18 and the device 10 are slightly rotated in the opposite direction. As a result, both the bit devices 12a and 12b return to the state shown in FIG. 6 and the diameter decreases, so that the bit devices 12a and 12b are recovered upward through the pipe 17 together with the device 10 and the like while the pipe 17 remains in the ground. be able to.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-21717

As the excavation progresses and the excavation hole becomes deeper, the rod 15 and the pipe 17 are successively added, thereby enabling excavation of the deep excavation hole.
By the way, when the rod 15 is added, the inside of the rod 15 and the air hammer 11 are inevitably released to the atmosphere. In this way, since the inside of the high-pressure air hammer 11 is opened to the atmosphere, the air flows backward, and excavation debris remaining on the lower surface side of the device 10 enters the hammer cylinder 18 through the air vent hole 23. There is a bug. Although a check valve is incorporated in the air hammer device 11, in practice, it is not possible to stop the entry of fine drilling waste.

  For this reason, the excavation work must be stopped, the air hammer device 11 must be pulled out from the excavation hole, and disassembled and cleaned, resulting in a problem that work efficiency is greatly reduced. Moreover, the piston of the air hammer device 11 was damaged, and there was a problem that the air hammer device 11 itself had to be replaced.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to prevent backflow of excavated earth and sand into the air hammer device, thereby improving work efficiency. And to provide a drilling method.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the following arrangement.
That is, an air hammer device having a hammer movable in the hammer cylinder, a drive device for rotating the air hammer device around an axis via a rod for supplying air to the air hammer device, and a lower end of the air hammer device It is attached to the air hammer device and rotates around the axis along with the air hammer device, receives the impact force from the hammer of the air hammer device, presses the pipe inserted into the drilling hole with a predetermined gap between it and the air hammer device. A device having a pressing portion for drawing the pipe into the excavation hole, a bit device attached to the lower end of the device and rotating together with the device to excavate earth and sand, etc., and the lower end of the device or the bit device is opened at the lower end And an excavator provided with an air vent hole communicating the inside of the hammer cylinder with the outside. In addition, the air vent hole is provided with a valve device that allows high-pressure air to pass from the inside of the hammer cylinder to the outside of the device and prevents inflow of air and excavation waste from the outside of the device into the hammer cylinder. It is characterized by.

  In addition, an air hammer device having a hammer movable in the hammer cylinder, a drive device for rotating the air hammer device around an axis via a rod for supplying air to the air hammer device, and a lower end of the air hammer device And a bit device that rotates about an axis together with the air hammer device and can excavate earth and sand by receiving the impact force from the hammer of the air hammer device, and a lower end that opens in the bit device. In the excavator having an air vent hole communicating with the outside, the high pressure air is allowed to pass from the inside of the hammer cylinder to the outside of the bit device through the air vent hole, and from outside the bit device to the inside of the hammer cylinder. And a valve device for preventing inflow of air and excavation waste.

  The valve device is a check valve mechanism having a valve seat provided in the air vent hole, and a valve body that is urged by and abuts against the valve seat to close the air vent hole. It is characterized by that.

  Further, the excavation method according to the present invention excavates a excavation hole using the excavator, and when the rod is added, the air vent hole is closed by a valve device to prevent excavation waste from flowing into the air hammer device. An excavation method characterized by:

  According to the present invention, when the rod is added, the valve device shuts off the portion of the air vent hole before reaching the air hammer device, so that it is possible to almost completely prevent the inflow of drilling debris into the air hammer device, There is almost no need to disassemble and clean the air hammer device, so that the work efficiency can be improved and the failure of the air hammer device can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The basic configuration of this embodiment is the same as that of the conventional excavator shown in FIGS. That is, the basic configuration for bringing the hammer device 11, the device 10, the bit devices 12a and 12b, and the pipe 17 into the excavation hole is the same as that of the conventional device. The same members as those of the conventional apparatus are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, in the device 10, an air vent hole 23 communicating with the inside of the hammer cylinder 18 (FIG. 3) is formed from a blind hole-like vertical hole 28 extending to the middle part of the device 10 and a side surface of the device 10. The horizontal hole 30 intersects the middle portion of the vertical hole 28, and two vertical holes 31 and 32 that are drilled from the bottom surface of the device 10 and communicate with the horizontal hole 30. The opening hole which opens to the side surface of the device 10 of the horizontal hole 30 is closed with the tube screw 33. Therefore, the air vent hole 23 is bifurcated from the vertical hole 28 and opens to the lower surface of the device 10.

  In the present embodiment, passage of high-pressure air (exhaust air) from the inside of the hammer cylinder 18 to the outside of the device 10 (the lower surface side) is allowed to pass through the branch portion of the air vent hole 23 from inside the hammer cylinder 18. There is provided a valve device 34 for preventing the flow of air and excavation waste. The valve device 34 is a check valve in the present embodiment.

The check valve 34 includes a cylindrical valve seat 35 fixed by a knock pin 36 in a vertical hole 28 of the air vent hole 23 in the vicinity of the intersection of the vertical hole 28 and the horizontal hole 30, and a spring 38 on the valve seat 35. And a cap-shaped valve element 37 that closes the air vent hole 23 (valve seat).
When high-pressure exhaust air does not act on the air vent hole 23, the valve element 37 is pushed up by the spring 38 and comes into contact with the valve seat 35 to block the communication between the vertical hole 28 and the horizontal hole 30. When the high-pressure exhaust air acts on 23, the valve body 37 is pushed down against the biasing force of the spring 38, the vertical hole 28 and the horizontal hole 30 communicate with each other, and the high-pressure exhaust air is discharged to the lower surface side of the device 10. Is done.
The check valve is not limited to the above structure.
Further, the air vent hole 23 does not necessarily have to be a branched flow path as described above. In short, it is sufficient that the check valve has a structure capable of preventing the backflow of the air vent hole.

The present embodiment is configured as described above.
Therefore, during the excavation work, the high-pressure exhaust air pushes down the valve body 37 and the air discharge path is secured, so that the excavation work can be performed without any trouble. When the excavation hole becomes deep and the rod 15 needs to be added, and the rod 15 is disconnected from the high-pressure air supply source (not shown), the inside of the rod 15 and the air hammer device 11 are opened to the atmosphere. The valve body 37 is pushed up by the spring 38 and abuts against the valve seat 35, the air vent hole 23 is closed, so that the communication between the outside of the device 10 and the inside of the air hammer device 11 is cut off, and the air hammer device 11 enters The air and drilling waste can be prevented from flowing back and flowing.

This eliminates the need for disassembly and cleaning of the air hammer device 11 and improves the work efficiency. The failure of the air hammer device 11 can be reduced.
That is, since the portion of the air vent hole 23 before reaching the air hammer device 11 is blocked, the inflow of excavation scraps and the like into the air hammer device 11 can be almost completely prevented. Further, when a check valve is also provided in the air hammer device 11, a so-called two-stage check valve is provided, so that the backflow prevention effect of excavation waste is further increased.

  In the above embodiment, an example of a drilling device in which the bit devices 12 a and 12 b rotate with respect to the device 10 has been described. However, a drilling device of a type in which the bit device does not rotate with respect to the device 10 (for example, a special drilling device). The present invention can also be applied to the open 2006-152602). In this case, the air vent hole may be configured to penetrate the device and further open to the lower surface side of the bit device, and the valve device may be disposed at an appropriate position of the air vent hole.

In the above embodiment, an example of a type of excavator that takes the pipe 17 into the excavation hole by the device 10 has been described. However, the excavator is not of a type that draws the pipe into the excavation hole, but by a bit device. It can also be applied to unearthed type drilling equipment. In this case, the bit device may be attached to the device, or the bit device may be directly attached to the air hammer device.
FIG. 2 shows an example in which an air vent hole 23 is provided in the bit device 12 and a valve device 34 similar to the above is provided in the air vent hole 23. Also in this embodiment, the inflow of excavation waste into the air hammer device can be prevented.

It is explanatory drawing of embodiment which provided the valve apparatus in the air vent hole of a device. It is explanatory drawing of embodiment which provided the valve apparatus in the air vent hole of a bit apparatus. It is sectional drawing which shows the outline of the conventional excavation apparatus. FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the bit device of FIG. 3. It is a bottom view which shows the condition of the bit apparatus at the time of excavation.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Device 11 Air hammer apparatus 12 Bit apparatus 23 Air vent hole 28 Vertical hole 30 Horizontal hole 31, 32 Vertical hole 33 Imo screw
34 Valve device 35 Valve seat 36 Knock pin 37 Valve body 38 Spring

Claims (4)

An air hammer device equipped with a hammer that can move in the hammer cylinder, a drive device that rotates the air hammer device around an axis via a rod that supplies air to the air hammer device, and a lower end of the air hammer device The pipe rotates with the air hammer device around the axis and receives impact force from the hammer of the air hammer device, presses the pipe inserted into the excavation hole with a predetermined gap between the air hammer device and the pipe. A device having a pressing portion for drawing the inside of the excavation hole, a bit device attached to the lower end of the device and rotating together with the device, capable of excavating earth and sand, and the lower end of the device or the bit device is opened, In the excavator provided with an air vent hole communicating the inside and the outside of the hammer cylinder,
In the air vent hole,
An excavator provided with a valve device that allows passage of high-pressure air from the inside of the hammer cylinder to the outside of the device and prevents air and excavation waste from flowing from the outside of the device into the hammer cylinder. An air hammer device equipped with a hammer that can move in the hammer cylinder, a drive device that rotates the air hammer device around an axis via a rod that supplies air to the air hammer device, and a lower end of the air hammer device A bit device capable of rotating around the axis line together with the air hammer device and receiving an impact force from the hammer of the air hammer device to excavate earth and sand, etc., and a lower end opened to the bit device, and the inside and outside of the hammer cylinder In a drilling rig comprising an air vent hole communicating with
In the air vent hole,
A digging device provided with a valve device that allows passage of high-pressure air from the inside of the hammer cylinder to the outside of the bit device and prevents the inflow of air and digging waste from the outside of the bit device into the hammer cylinder. . The valve device is
A valve seat provided in the air vent hole;
An excavation apparatus comprising a check valve mechanism having a valve body biased by a spring against the valve seat and closing an air vent hole.   A drilling hole is drilled using the drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and when the rod is added, the air vent hole is closed by a valve device to prevent the drilling waste from flowing into the air hammer device. An excavation method characterized by:

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