JP2009236563A - Particle separating and measuring instrument and particle separating and measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a particle separating and measuring instrument for measuring the number of particles at each particle size, and a particle separating and measuring method. <P>SOLUTION: Sieves 11, 12 and 13 are arranged in a stepwise shifting state so as to become lower in a particle moving direction and the mesh sizes of the sieves are arranged so as to become large toward a rear stage to sieve particles present in the state of mixture with a fluid. Sensors 18, 19 and 20 are arranged under the sieves to detect the collision of the particles which fall from the sieves. A sensor 21 detects the collision of the particles falling from a water channel plate 17. An analyzer 22 is connected to the sensors 18, 19, 20 and 21 to measure the number of collisions to measure a moving earth and sand amount. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a particle separation measuring apparatus and a particle separation measuring method for measuring the amount of particles carried by a fluid.

When sediment flows from land such as devastated mountains, the riverbed may rise and the river flow may change. In addition, when the supply of earth and sand is cut off by a dam or the like, the water channel is fixed or the river bed is lowered. Such a phenomenon not only causes damage to the surroundings by changing the shape of the river, but it is often inconvenient to take water for daily life. For this reason, management of sediment in rivers has become an important issue.
Managing sediment in rivers is managing particles called sediment in the fluid of water that makes up the river, and it is necessary to measure the particle size and quantity of sediment particles separately. . This is because by measuring (monitoring) the particle size and quantity, it is possible to determine the amount of water discharged from the dam or to reconstruct the river.

A method called hydrophone has been conventionally known for the purpose of managing sediment in such rivers (see Non-Patent Document 1). In this method, a sensor that can measure the impact sound and the number of collisions of earth and sand is installed at a predetermined location such as a riverbed, and the number of impact sounds and the number of collisions of earth and sand that collide with the sensor are counted for each loudness. It is a method of converting from the value to the amount of earth and sand and the particle size.
Toshiaki Kotake, et al. “Observation of sediment flow using hydrophones in the upstream area of Uono River” [searched on February 4, 2008], Internet <URL: http://www.hrr.mlit.go.jp/ library / kenkyukai / h19 / pdf / e / e_07.pdf>

  Although it was possible to measure the amount of sediment and particle size by the Hydrophone method, the physical quantity actually observed by this method is the number of particle impact sounds (hereinafter referred to as “pulse number”). And the volume of the sound. Therefore, in order to convert the number of pulses into the amount of sediment and the particle size, it is indispensable to build a calibration equation in advance, such as the conditions at that time, the flow velocity of the river, the distribution of particles by location, etc. There was a drawback of being affected. Moreover, since it was not a direct measurement, it was an estimated value about a particle size and the amount of sediment. Therefore, there has been a demand for an apparatus and method capable of measuring the number of particles for each particle size and measuring the amount of earth and sand.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a particle separation measuring apparatus and a particle separation measuring method capable of measuring the number of particles for each particle diameter.

  In order to achieve the above object, the particle separation measuring apparatus of the present invention is arranged so as to be stepped so as to be lowered in the direction in which the particles move, and is arranged so that the sieve eyes become larger as going to the subsequent stage. A plurality of sieves for sieving particles mixed in the fluid or in a mixed state; sensor means for detecting a collision of particles disposed under the sieve and falling from the sieve; and the sensor And measuring means for measuring the number of particles connected to the means and receiving a signal.

  It is preferable that the sieve has particle placing means for guiding particles to the sieve at the same height as the sieve.

  Further, the particle separation measuring apparatus of the present invention is arranged so as to be inclined so as to be lowered in the moving direction of the particles and shifted stepwise, and arranged so that the intervals themselves are arranged in a small order as the particle diameter, A plurality of particle placing means for sieving particles mixed in a fluid or in a mixed state, a sensor means for detecting collision of particles screened at intervals of the particle placing means, and the sensor And measuring means for measuring the number of particles connected to the means and receiving a signal.

  The sensor means is preferably an FBG sensor whose reflected wave changes when particles collide.

  In the particle separation measurement method of the present invention, a plurality of sieves are installed in a fluid moving in one direction so that the meshes of the sieves are arranged in ascending order, and are mixed in the fluid or in a mixed state. It is characterized in that a certain particle is separated in the order of the size of the sieve eye and the number of each separated particle is measured.

  In the present invention, particles carried by a fluid can be separated according to particle size, so the number of particles can be measured for each particle size.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of the particle separation measuring apparatus of the present invention. The particle separation measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a first-stage sieve 11, a second-stage sieve 12, and a third-stage sieve 13, and the sieves 11, 12, and 13 are directions in which particles move. The particles are arranged in a step-like manner so as to be lower, and the screen is arranged so that the size of the sieve becomes larger as it goes to the subsequent stage, and screens particles mixed or mixed in the fluid. . In each of the sieves 11, 12, 13, water channel plates 14, 15, 16 (particle placing means) for guiding the particles to the sieve are arranged at the same height as the sieves. In addition, after the third-stage sieve 13, the water channel plate 17 is arranged in a stepped manner. Sensors 18, 19 and 20 (sensor means) for detecting collision of particles falling from the sieve are disposed under the sieves 11, 12, and 13, and particles falling from the channel plate 17 after the channel plate 17 are also provided. The sensor 21 for detecting the collision is arranged. Furthermore, an analyzer 22 (measuring means) is connected to the sensors 18, 19, 20 and 21.

The sieves 11, 12, 13 and the channel plates 14, 15, 16, 17 can be arranged at the same height in the vertical direction, but as shown in FIG. It is more preferable that the step of the above is provided because sedimentation and separation by gravity are possible.
Moreover, although the sensor 21 was arrange | positioned after the water channel board 17, the structure which does not arrange | position this is also considered.

  The size of the sieve is increased as it goes to the later stage. The first stage sieve 11 is sized so as to be able to separate earth and sand having a particle size of 2 mm or less, and the second stage sieve 12 is 4.8 mm or less. The size of the third stage sieve 13 was set to a size capable of separating earth and sand having a particle size of 19 mm or less. In this case, 2 mm, 4.8 mm, and 19 mm are exemplifications, and can be appropriately changed depending on the design. However, in civil engineering and geology, earth and sand having a particle size of 2 mm or less is generally sand, and larger particles having a particle size of about 4.8 mm or less. Since the earth and sand is called fine gravel and the earth and sand having a particle size of 19 mm or less is called medium gravel, they are distinguished from each other for the purpose of engineering classification.

  Below the sieves 11, 12, and 13 and after the water channel plate 17, sensors that react when earth and sand collide are provided. A general sensor can be widely applied to this sensor, but an FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensor is most preferable. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the FBG sensor, and shows the FBG sensor unit 24 provided in the optical fiber 25 in an enlarged manner. In the FBG sensor, a plurality of FBG sensor units 24 can be provided in series with one optical fiber 25. The FBG sensor is a sensor in which the refractive index of the core portion 26 of the optical fiber 25 is changed with a constant period Λ, and selectively reflects only light of a specific wavelength (Bragg wavelength). When particles such as earth and sand collide with the grating portion 27 whose refractive index is changed at a constant period Λ and are distorted, the Bragg wavelength shifts, so that the collision can be converted into an optical signal and counted.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the FBG sensor. The FBG sensor 31 has one or more FBG-processed optical fibers, and is waterproofed by being installed on or sandwiched between an impact-resistant hard rubber object (preferably a tube or a box) 32. In addition, the collision of particles from above can be signaled as light distortion and transmitted to the outside.

  An optical signal obtained by the four sensors (preferably FBG sensors) 18, 19, 20, 21 is converted into an electrical signal, or an analyzer (computer) which is a measuring means for measuring the number of particles while maintaining the optical signal. 22 is input. The analyzer (computer) 22 measures the electrical or optical signal from each sensor, and records the position information and the number of collisions, which number of times the earth and sand have fallen to which position.

  The particle separation measuring apparatus of the present invention described above is installed in a fluid moving in one direction so that the sieve eyes are arranged in ascending order. Specifically, the particle separation measuring apparatus of the present invention is installed so that the first stage sieve is on the upstream side of the river. Sediment particles in rivers are transported by water. When water flows through this particle separation and measurement device, the size of the screen is adjusted to the size of the eyes. Will settle down and collide with the sensor installed under the sieve. When the sensor receives a collision stimulus, it transmits this to the analyzer (computer) as a signal, and the analyzer (computer) performs aggregation. Thereby, the particle size and the amount of earth and sand can be separated and recorded.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining another example of the particle separation measuring apparatus of the present invention. In the above-described embodiment, the particles are selected using a sieve. However, as shown in FIG.
The plurality of water channel plates 14, 15, 16, 17 (particle placing means) are arranged so as to be inclined so as to be lowered in the direction in which the particles move, and are shifted in a staircase pattern, and the interval between the water channel plates itself is the particle size. Are arranged so that they are arranged in ascending order, and the particles mixed or mixed in the fluid are screened.
The interval between the water channel plate 14 and the water channel plate 15 was 2 mm, the interval between the water channel plate 15 and the water channel plate 16 was 4.8 mm, and the interval between the water channel plate 16 and the water channel plate 17 was 19 mm.
Further, sensors 18, 19, 20, and 21 (sensor means) for detecting collision of particles screened at intervals of the water channel plates are arranged at the step portion between the water channel plates. , 20 and 21 are connected to an analyzer 22 (measuring means).

In the above-described embodiment, the number of sieve stages is three. However, as long as there are a plurality of stages, four or five stages may be used.
In the above-described embodiment, although water and earth and sand are exemplified, the objects may be fluids and particles, and the present invention can be achieved by appropriately changing the sieve eyes and the sensitivity of the sensor to appropriate values. This particle separation measuring apparatus can be applied to systems other than water and earth and sand. For example, it can be used for sorting according to the size of garbage in the atmosphere.

It is a figure explaining an example of the particle separation measuring device of the present invention. It is a figure explaining an FBG sensor. It is a figure which shows an example of an FBG sensor. It is a figure explaining other examples of the particle separation measuring device of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

11, 12, 13 Sieve 14, 15, 16, 17 Channel plate 18, 19, 20, 21 Sensor 22 Analyzer 24 FBG sensor unit 25 Optical fiber 26 Core unit 27 Grating unit 31 FBG sensor 32 Hard rubber object

Claims (5)

The particles are arranged so as to be lowered in the moving direction so as to be lowered in a stepped manner, and the sieve eyes are arranged so as to increase as they go to the subsequent stage, and are mixed in the fluid or in a mixed state. Multiple sieves that screen certain particles,
Sensor means disposed under the sieve for detecting a collision of particles falling from the sieve;
Measuring means connected to the sensor means for receiving a signal and measuring the number of particles;
A particle separation measuring apparatus comprising:   The particle separation measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sieve includes particle placing means for guiding particles to the sieve at the same height as the sieve. The particles are arranged so as to be lowered in the moving direction and shifted in a stepped manner, and arranged so that the intervals themselves are arranged in ascending order of the particle size, and are mixed or mixed in the fluid. A plurality of particle mounting means for sieving particles in a state;
Sensor means for detecting a collision of particles screened at intervals of the particle mounting means;
Measuring means connected to the sensor means for receiving a signal and measuring the number of particles;
A particle separation measuring apparatus comprising:   4. The particle separation measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit is an FBG sensor in which a reflected wave changes when particles collide. 5.   A plurality of sieves are installed in a fluid moving in one direction so that the sieve eyes are arranged in ascending order, and particles mixed or mixed in the fluid are arranged in the order of the size of the sieve eyes. A particle separation measurement method characterized by measuring the number of particles separated and separated.

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