JP2009220279A - Exterior wood - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an exterior wood which can hardly be broken even when a load is applied in the thickness direction while regularly boring a penetration hole, can be surely provided with improved durability and mechanical strength, and can be used as a high quality deck material. <P>SOLUTION: The exterior wood 1 has a plurality of penetration holes 10 bored in the thickness direction, and is impregnated with a resin. The penetration holes 10 are aligned in a line at predetermined intervals in the width direction, and a plurality of lines L<SB>1</SB>are bored at predetermined intervals in the lengthwise direction. The individual lines L<SB>1</SB>are inclined at a predetermined angle θ to the straight line L<SB>0</SB>in parallel with the width direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an exterior wood that has been impregnated with a resin and compressed in order to increase durability, mechanical strength, and the like.

  Exterior materials are structures that are constructed outdoors and are also called exterior materials. Since the exterior material is exposed to large temperature and weather changes day and night, durability is a problem. In particular, direct sunlight, temperature difference between day and night, high humidity, rainfall, ultraviolet rays, etc. are the causes of changing the material and decoration of the structure, and if they are not frequently maintained, they will easily deteriorate, discolor, and peel off. These have not only a decline in design but also a risk of accidents.

  Against this background, in recent years, ceramic, metal, inorganic, or plastic materials are being frequently used as exterior materials. However, there is a problem that these materials do not feel warmth and softness like wood and are difficult to process even in the case of disposal. Therefore, it is inherently desirable to use wood as an exterior material that has warmth and the like and has few disposal problems. However, wood has a lower mechanical strength than ceramics and metals, and is susceptible to deterioration due to termites and decaying bacteria in addition to environments such as sunlight and wind and rain. There is also a fireproof problem. In other words, even if wood is used as an exterior material as it is, durability such as weather resistance, water resistance, antiseptic properties, insect resistance, light resistance, dimensional stability and flame resistance are insufficient compared to metal or other exterior materials Is pointed out.

  In addition, high mechanical strength is also required for exterior materials that can be subjected to large loads such as people and heavy loads, such as deck materials. Therefore, conventionally, when the exterior material is made of wood, hard wood having a relatively high mechanical strength has been used particularly for the deck material. As such hard timber, foreign imported timber such as urine, ipe, jara and bongosi is used. However, imported timber is currently soaring due to depletion and logging restrictions, and an alternative to inexpensive domestic timber is desired. Effective use of planted trees is desirable from the environmental aspect. However, for example, cedar wood, which is a typical plantation tree in Japan, is soft and low in strength, and cannot be said to be sufficiently resistant to decay or weather, and as such is difficult to replace as an exterior material such as deck material. .

  Therefore, woods in which durability and mechanical strength are improved by impregnating a soft cedar material with a resin have been proposed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, and one of the inventors of the present invention himself / herself Such a technique is disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1. The exterior material of Patent Document 1 improves the weather resistance, water resistance, and the like by using a wood material obtained by hot-pressing a plurality of single plates impregnated with a specific phenol resin. In Patent Document 2, various types of wood are impregnated with a silicate compound and gelled, and by impregnating with a combustion inhibitor, a silane coupling agent, and a reactive resin compound, flame retardancy, dimensional stability, antiseptic properties, and insect protection The penetration hole for making a silicate compound etc. penetrate | invade favorably to wood is improved. This penetration hole can be drilled by woodworking such as laser processing or drilling, and may be a through hole or a non-through hole. In addition, the perforation direction of the penetration hole is preferably a thickness direction that intersects the plate and is orthogonal to the fiber direction, and a plurality of holes are regularly formed over the entire plate surface at equal intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions. . Examples of the reactive resin compound include thermosetting resins such as polyurethane resins, polyacrylurethane resins, epoxy resins, silicone resins, urea resins, melamine resins, phenol resins, and resorcinol resins.

Further, in Non-Patent Document 1, a perforated wood impregnated with a water-soluble phenol resin is used as a compacted wood that is hot-pressed by utilizing the improvement in productivity due to the perforation holes formed in the solid material. Then, paying attention to the deformation and fixing of consolidated wood by resin, two kinds of wood with different penetration pitch and number of penetration holes are prepared, and changes in physical properties due to the difference of penetration pitch and number of penetration holes are examined. . Each penetration hole has a diameter φ = 1.3 mm, and is drilled at a depth of 35 mm from the back surface to the front surface at a right angle to the grain of a cedar core material having a plate thickness R = 38 mm. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, there is regularity in the positions where the permeation holes 10 are drilled, and they are arranged in a row parallel to the width direction (short direction) at intervals of 10 mm and 15 mm, respectively, and each row has a length. It is arranged in parallel in the direction (longitudinal direction) at intervals of 10 mm and 15 mm. The columns adjacent in the length direction are shifted by a half pitch. The number of penetration holes in a wood with a pitch of 15 mm is 49/100 cm ² , and the number of penetration holes in a wood with a pitch of 10 mm is 100/100 cm ² .

  As a manufacturing method, what is impregnated with a resin by a submerged compression method or a reduced pressure infiltration method is compressed after pressing to squeeze out excess resin, and then compressed to a compression rate of 50%. By doing so, the phenol resin is cured, and a modified wood having a compression rate of 50% is obtained. It has been confirmed that the greater the number of drilled holes, the higher the number of drilled holes, and the higher the number of drilled holes, and the higher the number of drilled holes, the higher the dimensional stability.

JP-A-8-168451 JP 2006-346902 A 2006 Annual Meeting of the Japanese Wood Society Chubu Branch, November 9-10, 2006, Abstracts, No. 16, P58-59, “Effect of drilling on the amount of resin injected into wood”

  In Patent Document 1, since only a phenol resin is impregnated, the amount of resin impregnation is small, there is a limit to the improvement effect, that is, the improvement of durability and mechanical strength, and the dimensional stability when compressed is also poor. In contrast, in Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 1, since a plurality of permeation holes are formed, the resin impregnation amount is improved. In addition, since the permeation holes are regularly arranged, uniform impregnation is also possible. However, since Patent Document 2 is premised on impregnation with silica gel, it is not compressed after impregnation and further improvement in mechanical strength by consolidation is not achieved. On the other hand, in Non-Patent Document 1, since the wood is consolidated after the resin impregnation, the mechanical strength can be further improved while improving the productivity.

  However, in Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 7, each row L of the permeation holes 10 arranged in parallel in the width direction is parallel to the width direction. In this case, the arrangement pattern of the permeation holes is too orderly, and the interval between the permeation holes in the length direction is constant, so that, for example, when a load is applied to the deck material from above, the thickness direction of the exterior material is increased. When a bending load is applied, each row of permeation holes arranged in parallel in the width direction works like a cut, and the wood is easily damaged at the portion. Further, Non-Patent Document 1 only focuses on the pitch of each permeation hole (the number of perforations per unit area), and the evaluation from the viewpoint of the relationship between the compression rate and the depth and diameter of the permeation hole is as follows. The conditions for improving the durability and mechanical strength more reliably were not sufficient.

  Further, in Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Non-Patent Document 1, no particular consideration is given to the case where it is used as a deck material, and no improvement or added value for problems peculiar to the deck material is made.

  Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and it is difficult to break even when a load is applied in the thickness direction while regularly penetrating the permeation holes, and it is possible to reliably improve durability and mechanical strength. In addition, we provide exterior wood that can be used as high-quality deck materials.

  The present invention is an exterior wood having a plurality of permeation holes drilled in the thickness direction and impregnated with resin, the permeation holes are arranged in a row at predetermined intervals in the width direction, Each row is regularly drilled so that a plurality of rows are arranged in parallel in the length direction at predetermined intervals, and each row is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a straight line parallel to the width direction. It is characterized by that.

The resin is a thermosetting resin, and is fixed in a state compressed in a thickness direction by a predetermined amount with respect to the original size, that is, in a compacted state, and in this case, the density before compression impregnated with the resin (G / cm ³ ) and the ratio of the thickness after compression to the thickness before compression (size after compression / size before compression) (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the thickness ratio before and after compression, or simply the thickness dimension ratio) To satisfy the relationship of density / thickness ratio before compression <1.

  In the case where the penetration hole is a non-through hole drilled from the back surface to the surface, when the penetration hole depth is 5 mm or less, the penetration hole diameter is 0.7 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less, When the depth of the penetration hole is more than 5 mm and 15 mm or less, the diameter of the penetration hole is 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less, and when the penetration hole depth is more than 15 mm and 35 mm or less, the penetration hole In the case where the diameter is 1.3 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less and the depth of the penetration hole is more than 35 mm and 45 mm or less, the penetration hole diameter is 1.5 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. On the other hand, when the penetration hole is a through-hole penetrating from the front surface to the back surface, the penetration hole has a diameter of 4 mm or more and 5 mm or less. Although such an exterior material can be used as various structures, it is preferable to use it as a deck material.

  According to the present invention, each row extending in the width direction is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a straight line parallel to the width direction, so that each permeation hole is too regular while having a certain regularity. Even when a large load is applied in the thickness direction, a clear break line and a straight line parallel to the width direction are not formed, so that the possibility of breakage can be reduced.

  If the relationship between the density before compression impregnated with the resin and the thickness dimension ratio before and after compression, that is, the compression ratio, is set so as to satisfy a predetermined condition, it is possible to avoid occurrence of defects such as cracks in the wood. Moreover, if the diameter is appropriately set according to the depth of the permeation hole, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of defects such as cracks. If the permeation hole is a through hole having a diameter of 4 to 5 mm, for example, when it is installed horizontally like a deck material, it can be drained through the through hole even if moisture accumulates on the surface due to rain, water spray, dew, etc. That is, the penetration hole can also be used as a drainage hole. Thereby, since the drying time after construction is also shortened, it contributes to prolonging the life by preventing decay and preventing falling.

  If such an exterior wood is used as a deck material, all the above effects can be utilized to the maximum as effects corresponding to the problems and physical properties peculiar to the deck material, and a high-quality deck material can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. In FIG. 1, the back surface perspective view of the timber 1 is shown. FIG. 2 shows an arrangement pattern of the permeation holes 10. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the present invention, a plurality of permeation holes 10 are formed in a wood 1 used as an exterior material (exterior material) and impregnated with a thermoplastic resin. It is consolidated by hot pressing. FIG. 1 shows only a part of the permeation hole 10.

  The wood is not particularly limited, and various tree species can be used. Specifically, Agatis, Asamera, Aspen, Anigre, Apiton, African Paduk, African Mahogany, Aflorumsia, Abdullah, Amura, Altgarpus, Alder, Almon, Ambeloy, Yellow Cedar, Red Cedar, Pencil Cedar, Yellow Stercuria, Yellow Poplar, Igem, Ipe, Iroko, Inchia, Intur, Willow, Wenji, Walnut, Ulin, Ebodia, Ebony, Elm, Aeyoung, Okume, Obancol, Ohon, Obecchu, Cain, Canalum, Kapoor, Chamelere, Garamut, Carantas, Gum , Karin, Carofilm, Killet, Cedar, Numa cedar, Cloud cedar, Lebanon cedar, Southern cedar, Taiwan cedar, Rice cedar, Grandfir, Clinky vine, Kruin, Gerongan, Kempas, Cordia Larden Elm, Ebony, Cottonwood, Cotepe, Gumnoki, Sasafras, Satin Jara, Sycamore, Sapele, Gelton, Sycamore, Sitan, Siroka Spruce, Shrienbatu, Jonkon, Silky Oak, Silver Heart, Shirotagaya, Scotch Vine, Sloanela, Spruce, Sesendoc Zebra Wood, Sepetir, Selangan Katya, Selangan Batu, Serchis, Sengon Grunt, Sengon Laut, Sonokerin, Soft Maple, Dark Red Meranti, Termilia, Daizox, Taiwan Saddle, Town, Terminaria, Tetsutoki, Douglas Fir, Dafrika, Danta , Teak, Cherry, Chitra, Chamba, Chinese oak, Tulipwood, Chinwin, Terentan, Chure, Nara, Teak, Nanyang Tung, D Toe Wall, Basswood, Rosewood, Noble Fur, Barkera, Hard Maple, Birch, Barble Heart, Berlina, Bao Rossa, Hacaranda, Bakuchikan, Hackberry, Padouq, Para rubber, Paris Thunder, Baikirai, Becan, Beach, Vitex, Hickory, Vinouan, Pimelodendron, Bintangor, Hoop Pine, Falkata, Philippine Mahogany, Bubinga, Ply, Black Cherry, Blanchoneella, Rice Bran, Rice Bran, Rice Hiba, Rice Bran, Sockeye, Hemlock, Perpock, Ezo Pine, Karamatsu, Todo Pine, red pine, black pine, Ryukyu pine, Korean pine, Caribbean pine, radiata pine, red pine, podocalpus, poplar, white ash, white oak, white sirija, white celaya, white fur, white melanchi, bo Ngoshi, Makore, Mahogany, Maras, Mayabis, Manga Silono, Mansonia, Milky Vine, Millencia, Mansonia, Maple, Merapi, Mersawa, Melbow, Moabi, Morave, Moreira, Monkey Pod, Tabla, Ramin, Lang, Linden, Redwood, Red Examples include oak, red gum, lessome lunch, Lawson Cypress, Yang, and Wawa.

  In this invention, although mentioned later in detail, intensity | strength improves by being consolidated after impregnating resin. Therefore, for example, rather than hard wood such as urine, ipe, jallah, bongoshi, selangan, x, pine, such as Douglas fir (Yonematsu), redwood (European red pine), larch, red pine, rice hiba, rice bran, The use of soft wood such as cypress and cedar is more effective and preferable. In general, conifers are softer than hardwoods. Among soft timber, domestic timber such as cedar, red pine, and cypress is preferable to imported timber from the viewpoint of the environment. Furthermore, among soft domestic timber, cedar is preferable from the viewpoint of effective utilization of planted trees.

  The wood of the present invention is used as an exterior material having a great significance in terms of decorativeness, functionality, and entertainment, such as interiors, outdoors. The form may be a laminated wood, a woody material such as LVL (single plate laminate), or plywood, but a solid material cut directly from a single raw wood into a necessary size as a square or plate is preferred. This is because the purpose is to improve the resin impregnation performance for wood which is inherently difficult to impregnate with resin. The grain appearing on the surface of the wood may be either a square or a grain, but it is preferable to cut out (cut) the grain so that the grain appears. The mesh is advantageous in that it has less shrinkage and deformation and higher strength than the plate, but is expensive. In addition, since the resin is impregnated around the permeation hole in the present invention, when the permeation hole is formed in the thickness direction, the permeation hole is parallel to the wood grain, so that it is difficult to impregnate evenly over the summer and winter eyes. Become. If it is a plate, the cost is low and the effects of the present invention can be utilized to the maximum. When the grain is a wood grain, the penetration hole is in a direction intersecting the grain, and when the grain is a half grain, the penetration hole is substantially parallel to the grain. Exterior materials include decks, terraces, rocking chairs, tables, gates, garages, carports, fences, fences, and fences. Among these, it is preferable to use as a deck material 100 as shown in FIG. 3 which requires high strength in addition to durability.

  Examples of the resin to be impregnated include thermosetting resins such as phenol resins, epoxy resins, melamine resins, urea resins, amino resins, glyoxal resins, polyurethane resins, polyacryl urethane resins, and resorcinol resins. It is done. Plant-derived ligrin can also be used. Among these, phenol resins, amino resins, and glyoxal resins that can obtain good dimensional stability are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. If necessary, a curing agent is also impregnated appropriately. Among these, a low-molecular water-soluble phenol resin is preferable. A low molecular weight phenolic resin has good permeability and penetrates well into the cell wall. The molecular weight is about 150 to 300, preferably about 180 to 250. Phenol resins are resins obtained by the reaction of phenols and aldehydes. Phenols include alkyl phenols such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, ethylphenol, propylphenol, and butylphenol, coal-based and petroleum-based phenols, and cashew nuts. Examples thereof include shell liquid, resorcin, and bisphenols. Examples of aldehydes include formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, trioxane, cyclic formal, hexamethylenetetramine, furfural, and higher aldehydes. Among the above combinations, a resin obtained by a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde is preferably used as the phenol resin.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the permeation hole is entirely drilled over the plane direction of the wood. This is to avoid uneven distribution of the resin impregnation amount. The drilling direction is drilled in the thickness direction as shown in FIG. Thereby, the penetration hole is orthogonal to the fiber direction of the wood. The permeation hole may be inclined as long as it is in the thickness direction, but is preferably formed vertically. When the permeation hole is inclined, the wood is easily damaged by lateral strain when the wood is compressed in the thickness direction. When the penetration hole is a non-through hole, the back surface is drilled from the back surface in consideration of design. If the penetration hole is a non-through hole drilled from the back surface to the surface, the surface has no holes, and the design is good. When using non-through holes, it is preferable to drill as deeply as possible. Specifically, the depth of the penetration hole with respect to the thickness of the wood is at least 50% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more. If the depth of the permeation hole with respect to the thickness of the wood is less than 50%, the resin impregnation amount in the surface layer portion is reduced. If the depth of the permeation hole with respect to the thickness of the wood is 90% or more, a portion with a small amount of resin impregnation in the thickness direction hardly occurs.

The number of penetration holes is at least 40 per unit area (100 cm ² ). When the number of perforated holes is less than 40/100 cm ² , the amount of resin impregnation is reduced, and a modification effect such as improvement in durability cannot be obtained sufficiently, and the dimensional stability when compressed is deteriorated. Since the amount of resin impregnation increases in proportion to the number of perforated holes, the larger the number of perforated holes, the better. However, the upper limit of the number of perforated holes is about 200/100 cm ² . Preferably, it is about 50 to 150 pieces / 100 cm ² . If the number of penetrating holes is 50/100 cm ² or more, the wood can be modified well, and depending on the tree species, an amount of resin close to the saturated impregnation amount can be impregnated. As the resin impregnation amount increases, the durability, such as weather resistance, water resistance, antiseptic properties, insect repellent properties, and light resistance, and the effect of improving dimensional stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical strength also increase. When using a cedar material, about 50-70 pieces / 100cm < ² > is the most preferable. This is because, in the cedar material, the resin impregnation amount is saturated when the number of perforated holes is about 70/100 cm ² . The penetration hole may be drilled or may be drilled by laser processing such as a carbon dioxide laser.

As shown in FIG. 2, the perforation holes are arranged in a line at predetermined intervals (horizontal pitch) in the width direction, and each row has a plurality of lines at predetermined intervals (vertical pitch) in the length direction. Drill regularly so that they are arranged side by side. This is because the resin is uniformly impregnated as a whole. What is important at this time is that each row L ₁ is inclined at a predetermined angle θ with respect to a straight line L ₀ parallel to the width direction. Thereby, the distance between each penetration hole in a length direction becomes irregular, and even when a big load acts on the thickness direction, it becomes difficult to break. The inclination angle θ is not particularly limited columns L _1, is preferably not more than 45 ° beyond the 0 ° relative to the straight line L ₀ parallel to the width direction. Even if the inclination angle θ exceeds 45 °, there is no major problem, but the inclination angle viewed from the opposite direction can eventually be 45 ° or less. In terms of Figure 1, but looking at the inclination angle θ of each column L ₁ at an angle of left-side up against the straight line L ₀ parallel to the width direction, it will also be present column L ₂ right-up at the same time, this time the inclination angle of the L ₂ exceeds 45 °. More preferably, an inclination angle θ is 5 ° to 30 ° in each column L ₁ for straight L ₀ parallel to the width direction, more preferably 10 ° to 20 °. In addition, the width direction drilling positions of the permeation holes in the rows adjacent to each other in the length direction are even a half pitch each other. The horizontal pitch P ₁ (distance between penetration holes in the width direction), the vertical pitch P ₂ (distance between each row), and the displacement dimension Q (length direction distance between penetration holes adjacent in the width direction) are not particularly limited, as bored number and angle of inclination of each row L ₁ penetration hole θ is not above conditions are satisfied, and a uniform longitudinal distance between the penetration holes may be appropriately set. It may be the same as the horizontal pitch P ₁ and the vertical pitch P _2, may be each other varied. Preferably, P ₁ = P ₂ is set.

  Here, as an important element when the permeation hole is formed, the relationship between the depth and the diameter of the permeation hole. Specifically, when the penetration hole has a depth of 5 mm or less, the penetration hole has a diameter of 0.7 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. When the depth of the penetration hole is more than 5 mm and 15 mm or less, the penetration hole has a diameter of 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. When the depth of the penetration hole is more than 15 mm and not more than 35 mm, the diameter of the penetration hole is set to 1.3 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. When the depth of the penetration hole is more than 35 mm and 45 mm or less, the penetration hole has a diameter of 1.5 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. When the depth of the penetration hole exceeds 45 mm, the diameter of the penetration hole is made larger than 2.0 mm. This is because if the diameter is smaller than the above condition with respect to the depth of the penetration hole, a defect may occur around the penetration hole when compressed. On the other hand, if the diameter of the permeation hole is larger than the above condition, the space ratio of the entire permeation hole with respect to the wood is increased, the strength is lowered, and breakage easily occurs. Moreover, when making a penetration hole into a penetration hole, the diameter of a penetration hole shall be 4.0 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less. This is because if the diameter of the through hole is less than 4.0 mm when the through hole is formed, the through hole is blocked by resin impregnation and the drainage function is hindered or lost. On the other hand, if the diameter of the permeation hole exceeds 5.0 mm in the case of a through hole, the drainage function is advantageous, but the strength is greatly reduced.

  In the present invention, it is only necessary to impregnate the wood with the perforated holes, but it is also possible to obtain high quality wood by adding value by impregnating other additives. it can. Specifically, it can be impregnated with a preservative / anticide or a colorant together with the resin or before the resin impregnation. The antiseptic / anticidal agent is an agent that has both antiseptic and ant-preventing effects, and is preferably water-based. By impregnating with an antiseptic / anticidal agent, in addition to the improvement of the antiseptic property and the ant-proofing property due to the resin impregnation, the antiseptic property and the ant-proofing property are further improved. Water-based antiseptic / anticidal agents include organic compounds such as phenols, inorganic fluorides, alkylammonium compounds, copper and azole compounds, inorganic fixing types such as polyden salts and glycine salts, and boron types such as borax. Can be illustrated. Further, for example, oil-based antiseptic / anticidal agents such as triazoles and pyrethroids can be used as an aqueous system by emulsification, but are not limited thereto. It is preferable to impregnate so that the solid content of the water-based antiseptic / anticidal agent is 0.5 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the wood before impregnation with the resin. When the solid content of the antiseptic / anticidal agent is less than 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the wood before impregnation with the resin, the effect of impregnating the antiseptic / anticidal agent is hardly exhibited. On the other hand, even if the solid content of the antiseptic / anticidal agent exceeds 10% by weight with respect to the weight of the wood before impregnation with the resin, the impregnation of the resin is basically improved to some extent by impregnating the resin. Therefore, the improvement rate of antiseptic / anticidal properties with respect to the amount of impregnation becomes low, and costs are wasted.

  Dyes and pigments may be appropriately and selectively impregnated according to the required wood color. Moreover, when impregnating a phenol resin as resin, before impregnating this phenol resin, it can also be impregnated with the metal salt solution which develops color by reaction with a phenol resin. Examples of the metal salt that develops color by reaction with the phenol resin include aromatic carboxylic acids and alkali metal salts of phosphoric acid. What is necessary is just to set the amount of metal salt impregnation suitably considering the coloring property and the inhibition of resin impregnation. As a standard, the solid content of the metal salt is about 0.5 to 10% by weight with respect to the weight of the wood before impregnation with the resin. If it is less than 0.5% by weight, almost no color development is confirmed. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10% by weight, the amount of the metal salt impregnated first increases, and the amount of phenol resin impregnated thereafter is reduced. If these colorants are impregnated, the wood can be colored in any color and the quality can be improved.

  In particular, when the exterior material of the present invention is used as a deck material, it is preferable to form irregularities 20 on the wood surface as shown in FIG. Even if moisture is applied to the surface of the deck material due to rainfall or watering, the unevenness on the surface of the wood functions as a slipper. The shape of the unevenness is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit an anti-slip function, and is a linear or wavy belt (projection) extending in the front-rear direction or the left and right ends, or a peak or depression that protrudes or sinks in spots. Or a number of continuous valleys over the entire surface. Especially, it is preferable to set it as the strip | belt-shaped unevenness | corrugation formed over the front-back (length direction) or right-and-left (width direction) both ends. According to this, the water | moisture content collected in the recessed part can be drained from the side surface of wood. At this time, each penetration hole is preferably a through-hole 11 that opens on both the front and back surfaces. By using the through hole as the through hole 11, moisture can be drained from the through hole 11 to the back side.

  Next, a typical method for manufacturing an exterior material will be described. A solid material cut into a predetermined dimension is impregnated with a resin after having perforated holes of a predetermined dimension and number in the thickness direction under the above-mentioned arrangement conditions so as to be orthogonal to the grain and fiber direction. Before impregnating the resin, it is preferable to dry the resin so that the moisture content is 8% or less. After drying as necessary, the resin is impregnated by a known method. The resin to be impregnated is preferably in the form of a solution melted in water or an organic solvent, but may be a dispersion liquid dispersed in water. The impregnation method can be performed by immersing wood in a resin solution, reducing the pressure or compressing the material, and then impregnating at normal pressure (atmospheric pressure), impregnating under pressure, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the impregnation is performed under a reduced pressure or a compressed state and then under a pressurized state.

  When reducing the pressure, it is carried out in a vacuum vessel. The compression is performed by a press machine and is compressed in the perforation hole forming direction, that is, in the thickness direction. Since the air and moisture in the wood are discharged and removed by reducing or compressing, the resin can easily penetrate into the wood conduit and the cell wall by setting the pressure to a normal pressure or pressurized state thereafter. In the case of impregnation from a normal pressure or a reduced pressure state to a pressurized state, gas may be injected into the reaction vessel and pressurized, or pressurized by heating, or a combination of both. By applying pressure, the resin can be forcibly impregnated into the wood conduit and cell walls. The pressurizing condition is about 0.4 to 2.2 MPa, preferably about 0.5 to 1.5 MPa. Soft wood can be satisfactorily impregnated even at a relatively low pressure, but hard wood is at a relatively high pressure. When wood is immersed in the resin solution, the resin solution is impregnated in a predetermined range mainly along the fiber direction from the inner peripheral surface of each penetration hole to the center of the penetration hole.

  When the resin has been sufficiently impregnated, excess liquid is removed before hot pressing. The excess liquid includes liquid resin in addition to water and organic solvents. This is to reduce the amount of gas generated in the subsequent hot pressing process. Although the excess liquid can be removed by drying, it is preferable to compress the wood with a press before drying. By compressing the wood, excess liquid can be forced out. Since the compression here is intended only to remove excess liquid, the amount of compression may be relatively small, and is equal to or smaller than the subsequent hot-pressing step. This is because if the amount of compression is too large, the resin impregnated satisfactorily will be squeezed more than necessary. When excessive liquid has been forcibly removed to some extent by compression, it is dried to reliably remove moisture and organic solvents. Drying may be room temperature drying or heat drying. Heat drying is preferable in that the drying time can be shortened. The heating temperature at that time is at least normal temperature (room temperature) and lower than the curing temperature of the thermosetting resin. For example, about 30-70 degreeC is preferable.

When the wood impregnated with the resin can be sufficiently dried, the wood structure is then consolidated in the thickness direction by hot pressing. By densifying the wood, the density is increased and the strength is further improved. What is important at this time is the compression ratio. Specifically, the relationship between the density before compression impregnated with resin (g / cm ³ ) and the dimensional ratio of the thickness after compression to the thickness before compression (size after compression / size before compression) is Density / thickness dimension ratio before compression <1 (1)
Set to satisfy the relationship. This is because if the relationship represented by formula (1) is greater than 1, the wood may be damaged during consolidation. For example, if the density of the wood before compression impregnated with the resin is 0.3 g / cm ³ , the thickness dimension ratio (post-compression dimension / pre-compression dimension) before and after compression is made larger than 0.3. In other words, the compression rate ((size before compression−size after compression) / size before compression) × 100 is made smaller than 70%. Similarly, if the density of the wood before compression impregnated with the resin is 0.5 g / cm ³ , the thickness dimension ratio is made larger than 0.5 (compression ratio is made smaller than 50%). The wood is fixed at the dimensions by heating (hot pressing) in a compressed state under the compression conditions to cure the thermosetting resin. The heating temperature at this time is at least the curing temperature of the thermosetting resin. Specifically, the temperature may be about 130 ° C. or higher.

  In addition, when providing unevenness on the surface in order to use this wood for deck material, it is only necessary to hot press with a mold having unevenness on the surface. By heat-pressing with a mold having irregularities on the surface, the irregularities of the mold are transferred to the wood surface satisfactorily. Further, when pressing wood in the impregnation step, drying step, consolidation step, etc., it is preferable to interpose a metal mesh or the like in order to ensure a gas or liquid flow path between the mold and the wood. The metal mesh may be interposed on both the front and back sides of the wood, or may be interposed only on one side. When it interposes only on one side, it is preferable to interpose on the back surface which has the opening of a penetration hole.

(Example)
<Relationship between the number of drilled holes and the amount of impregnation>
Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described. First, the relationship between the number of penetration holes and the amount of impregnation was evaluated. Six types of woods 1 to 6 having different numbers of drilling holes were prepared using an air-drying material having a defect-free cedar core (length 500 mm, thickness 38 mm, width 100 mm). The penetration holes of the woods 1 to 6 were all drilled as non-through holes with a diameter of 35 mm (depth of about 92% with respect to the thickness) and a diameter of 1.3 mm by drilling from the back surface. Table 1 shows the arrangement conditions of the permeation holes in each wood. Refer to FIG. 2 for each alphabetic code in Table 1.

As the resin, a water-soluble phenol resin (PX-341 manufactured by Aika Industry Co., Ltd.) was diluted with water to an evaporation residue of 20%. Each wood was depressurized in an impregnation tank for 30 minutes, and then a sufficient amount of an aqueous resin solution was poured and immersed therein, released to atmospheric pressure, held in the solution for 1 hour, and then taken out. The value obtained by subtracting the weight before impregnation from the weight of the wood after impregnation with the resin was divided by the volume to obtain the impregnation rate (kg / m ³ ). The result is shown in FIG.

From the results of FIG. 5, it can be seen that the greater the number of penetration holes, the greater the resin impregnation rate, that is, the amount of impregnation. The drilled number of penetration holes 70 pieces / 100 cm ² and 100/100 cm ^2, since the difference in the resin impregnation ratio is little, if the cedar, drilled number of penetration holes of about 70/100 cm ² It was found that the amount of resin impregnation was saturated. Thereby, in the case of a cedar material, it turned out that the number of perforation holes drilled is preferably 50 to 70/100 cm ² .

<Strength test>
Next, the change in strength due to the difference in the arrangement pattern of the permeation holes was examined. In the strength test, 50 pieces / 100 cm ² of wood 4 and 70 pieces / 100 cm ² of wood 6 in which the number of perforated holes was within a preferable range were used. The wood 4 and wood 6 impregnated with the resin as described above were compressed with a flat plate press at a compression rate of 50% to squeeze out excess liquid, and then dried in a constant temperature dryer at 50 ° C. for 20 hours. Subsequently, the phenol resin was cured by holding at a compression rate of 50% for 1 hour at 140 ° C. to fix the size of the wood. Further, Comparative Example 1 having 50/100 cm ² permeation holes and Comparative Example 2 having 70/100 cm ² were also produced. Each row L of permeation holes arranged in parallel in the width direction in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was parallel to the width direction as shown in FIG. The manufacturing conditions are the same as those for the wood 4 and the wood 6.

  Central concentrated load using wood 4, wood 6, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 as a tensile surface on the back surface with an opening of a permeation hole based on the bending test method defined in JIS Z2101 “Testing Method of Wood” Was used to measure bending stress (bending strength). The result is shown in FIG.

  From the results of FIG. 6, the bending stress (bending strength) was higher as the number of perforated holes was increased. This is based on the fact that the greater the number of penetration holes, the greater the amount of resin impregnation. In addition, when each wood and each comparative example were compared, the bending strength of the wood in which each row L was inclined was higher than that of the comparative example in which each row L was parallel to the width direction. As a result, it was found that the strength was increased by inclining each row L in the width direction even with the same number of perforated holes.

<Relationship between penetration depth and diameter>
Next, the relationship between the depth and diameter of the penetration hole was examined. With respect to the same wood as described above, when a non-through hole having a depth of 5 mm, 15 mm, 35 mm, and 45 mm and a through hole are respectively drilled, and the diameter of the penetration hole of each depth is changed stepwise, the above The state of the wood when the resin was impregnated and compacted under the same conditions as above was visually observed. Table 2 shows the drilling depth, diameter conditions, and observation results. The criteria for determining each state are as follows.
○: No defect has occurred. In the case of a through hole, the permeation hole is not blocked. ×: A defect has occurred. In the case of a through hole, the permeation hole is blocked.

  From the results shown in Table 2, it was found that at any drilling depth, the larger the diameter, the better the wood condition after consolidation. It was also found that the lower limit of the diameter tends to increase as the drilling depth increases. From these tendencies, the penetration hole diameter is 0.7 mm or more when the penetration hole depth is 5 mm or less, and the penetration hole diameter is 1.0 mm or more when the penetration hole depth is more than 5 mm and 15 mm or less, When the penetration hole depth exceeds 15 mm and 35 mm or less, the penetration hole diameter is 1.3 mm or more. When the penetration hole depth is more than 35 mm and 45 mm or less, the penetration hole diameter is 1.5 mm or more. In this case, it has been found that it is preferable to set the diameter of the permeation hole to 4 mm or more. On the other hand, if the diameter of the penetration hole is too large, the strength of the wood will decrease, so the upper limit of the diameter is preferably about 2.0 mm in the case of a non-through hole, and about 5.0 mm in the case of a through hole. .

<Relationship between density and compression ratio>
Next, the relationship between the density and the compressibility during the consolidation process was examined. When the density before resin compaction (before compression) is the value shown in Table 3 with different resin impregnation amounts for the wood 4, the dimensional ratio of the thickness after compression to the thickness before compression, that is, the compression ratio The state of the wood when it was fixed in a state where was changed stepwise was visually observed. Density before compression impregnated with resin, thickness ratio before and after compression (size after compression / size before compression), compression rate ((size before compression−size after compression) / size before compression) × 100, and observation results Table 3 shows.

  From the results in Table 3, it was found that the relationship between the density before compression impregnated with the resin and the thickness dimension ratio before and after compression (density before compression / thickness dimension ratio) is preferably less than 1. Accordingly, it is preferable that the relationship between the density before compression impregnated with the resin and the dimensional ratio of the thickness after compression to the thickness before compression satisfies the density / thickness dimensional ratio before compression <1. Could be derived.

It is a back surface perspective view of exterior wood. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the drilling position pattern of an osmotic hole. It is an external view of a deck material. It is sectional drawing of a form suitable when using as a deck material. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the number of perforation holes, and the amount of impregnation. It is a bar graph which shows the relationship between the number and the pattern of permeation holes, and bending stress. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the drilling position pattern of the conventional penetration hole.

Explanation of symbols

1 Wood 10 Penetration hole (non-through hole)
11 Penetration hole (through hole)
20 uneven inclination angle of the L ₁ for the columns theta L ₀ L-width direction juxtaposed intrusion pore column L ₀ width direction parallel to the reference line L ₁ inclined juxtaposed in the width direction intrusion pore

Claims (5)

An exterior wood having a plurality of permeation holes drilled in the thickness direction and impregnated with resin,
The permeation holes are regularly arranged in a row at predetermined intervals in the width direction, and each row is regularly drilled so that a plurality of rows are arranged in parallel in the length direction at predetermined intervals.
The exterior wood is characterized in that each row is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a straight line parallel to the width direction. The resin is a thermosetting resin,
It is fixed in a state compressed in the thickness direction by a predetermined amount with respect to the original size,
The relationship between the density before compression impregnated with resin (g / cm ³ ) and the ratio of the thickness after compression to the thickness before compression (size after compression / size before compression) is expressed by the following formula: density before compression / Thickness dimension ratio <1
The exterior wood according to claim 1, satisfying the relationship: The permeation hole is a non-through hole drilled from the back to the surface;
When the depth of the penetration hole is 5 mm or less, the diameter of the penetration hole is 0.7 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less,
When the depth of the penetration hole is more than 5 mm and 15 mm or less, the diameter of the penetration hole is 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less,
When the depth of the penetration hole is more than 15 mm and 35 mm or less, the diameter of the penetration hole is 1.3 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less,
The exterior wood according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the depth of the penetration hole is more than 35 mm and 45 mm or less, the diameter of the penetration hole is 1.5 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. The penetration hole is a through-hole penetrating from the front surface to the back surface;
The exterior wood according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the permeation hole is 4 mm or more and 5 mm or less. The exterior wood according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is used as a deck material.

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