JP2009195116A - Method for cultivating shellfish - Google Patents
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- JP2009195116A JP2009195116A JP2008037649A JP2008037649A JP2009195116A JP 2009195116 A JP2009195116 A JP 2009195116A JP 2008037649 A JP2008037649 A JP 2008037649A JP 2008037649 A JP2008037649 A JP 2008037649A JP 2009195116 A JP2009195116 A JP 2009195116A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、貝類を垂下式にて養殖する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for culturing shellfish in a hanging manner.
貝類を養殖する方法としては、針金やロープ等の基材に貝類を取り付け、海中で養殖する垂下式が一般的である。貝類を取り付ける方法としては、針金やロープにカゴを取り付け、その中に適当量の稚貝を入れて養殖する方法（カゴ養殖）や、貝に直接穴を開けてビニール紐や結束バンド等により固定する方法（耳吊り養殖）、帆立貝などを採苗器として採取した稚貝をそのまま養殖する方法（はだか吊り）などが知られている。 As a method of culturing shellfish, a hanging type is generally used in which shellfish are attached to a base material such as a wire or a rope and cultured in the sea. Shells can be attached by attaching a basket to a wire or rope and then culturing by placing an appropriate amount of juveniles in the cage (cage culture), or by making a hole directly in the shell and fixing it with a vinyl string or a binding band. There are known methods (cultivating ear hanging), methods for culturing juveniles collected as scallops as a seedling device (hadaka hanging), and the like.
しかしながら、カゴを用いた場合、カゴの大きさに合わせて垂下するロープの間隔を確保する必要があり、養殖量が制限される場合があった。また、清掃作業に多大な労力が必要となる場合もある。ビニール紐や結束バンド等により固定する方法は、貝の種類によっては使用不可能な場合があり、養殖後の貝の取り外し工程にも多大な労力を要する。また、採苗器をそのまま用いて養殖した場合、貝が密集して付着していると成長が抑制され、商品として十分な大きさにならない場合や、形状が歪になる場合がある。 However, when a cage is used, it is necessary to secure the distance between the ropes depending on the size of the cage, and the amount of culture is sometimes limited. Moreover, a great amount of labor may be required for the cleaning work. The method of fixing with a vinyl string, a binding band or the like may not be usable depending on the type of shellfish, and requires a great deal of labor for the shell removal process after cultivation. Moreover, when it cultures using a seedling device as it is, when the shellfish are densely adhered, growth is suppressed, and the size may not be sufficient as a product, or the shape may be distorted.
これらを改善するため、接着剤を用いて貝類を基材に接着し、これを養殖する方法が提案されている（特許文献１、特許文献２）。しかしながら、これらはいずれも有機系の接着剤を用いるものであるため、耐久性が十分ではなかった。また、有機系接着剤は、環境への影響が懸念される。
さらに、帆立貝のように、非常に弱い貝類に適用する場合には、水から引き上げ、接着から垂下に至るまでの作業時間を短縮する必要が生じる場合がある。
Furthermore, when applied to very weak shellfish, such as scallops, it may be necessary to shorten the working time from pulling out from the water and bonding to drooping.
従って、本発明の目的は、貝類を垂下式にて養殖する方法において、効率的に貝類を養殖する方法を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently cultivating shellfish in a method for culturing shellfish in a hanging manner.
本発明者らは、斯かる実情に鑑み、種々検討した結果、セメントとカルシウムアルミネートの混合物を主成分とする接着材により稚貝を垂下連へ固定すれば、効率的に垂下連を作成できるとともに、貝類を養殖できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 As a result of various studies in view of such a situation, the present inventors can efficiently create a drooping series by fixing the juvenile shells to the drooping series with an adhesive mainly composed of a mixture of cement and calcium aluminate. At the same time, the inventors have found that shellfish can be cultivated and completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、貝類を垂下式にて養殖する方法において、セメントとカルシウムアルミネートの混合物を主成分とし、アルカリ土類金属の炭酸塩を１０〜５０質量％含有する水硬性組成物のスラリーからなる接着材により、稚貝を垂下連へ固定することを特徴とする貝類の養殖方法を提供するものである。 That is, the present invention relates to a slurry of a hydraulic composition containing a mixture of cement and calcium aluminate as a main component and 10 to 50% by mass of an alkaline earth metal carbonate in a method for culturing shellfish in a hanging manner. A shellfish cultivation method characterized by fixing a juvenile shellfish to a drooping chain by using an adhesive material comprising:
本発明によれば、効率よく稚貝を基材に固定させることができ、生産性が向上し、付加価値の高い商品の養殖が可能となる。また、養殖後の剥離作業も容易であり、出荷量の調整も容易である。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a juvenile can be efficiently fixed to a base material, productivity improves, and culture | cultivation of a high value added product is attained. Moreover, the peeling work after aquaculture is easy, and the adjustment of the shipping amount is also easy.
本発明で用いる水硬性組成物は、セメントとカルシウムアルミネートの混合物を主成分とし、アルカリ土類金属の炭酸塩を１０〜５０質量％含有するものである。
ここで用いるセメントとは、C3SやC2Sなどのカルシウムシリケートを主要成分としたものであり、各種ポルトランドセメント、高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、シリカセメント、エコセメントなどJISに規定されるセメント類のほか、これらのセメントにスラグや各種混和材を予め混ぜた混合セメントを１種又は２種類以上を適当な割合で混合して用いることが可能である。作業性や強度発現性の点から、特に早強ポルトランドセメント、普通ポルトランドセメントを用いるのが好ましい。
The hydraulic composition used in the present invention is mainly composed of a mixture of cement and calcium aluminate and contains 10 to 50% by mass of an alkaline earth metal carbonate.
Cement used here is mainly composed of calcium silicates such as C3S and C2S. In addition to various Portland cements, blast furnace cements, fly ash cements, silica cements, eco cements and other cements specified by JIS, It is possible to use a mixed cement obtained by mixing slag and various admixtures with these cements in advance, or by mixing one or two or more kinds in an appropriate ratio. From the viewpoint of workability and strength development, it is particularly preferable to use early-strength Portland cement and ordinary Portland cement.
また、カルシウムアルミネートとしては、反応性や可使時間の観点から、主要成分が水硬性のモノカルシウムアルミネート（CA）４０質量％以上であることが好ましい。その他の成分として、C12A7やCA2等の組成の異なるカルシウムアルミネートや、Fe2O3、SiO2、TiO2等の不純物を含有したC4AF、C2AS等、未反応のα−Al2O3が物性に影響の無い範囲で含まれていても良く、例えば、種々の鉱物組成を有する市販のアルミナセメントをそのまま使用することも可能である。
カルシウムアルミネートの粉末度は、３０００〜８０００cm2／ｇであるのが、良好な水和性状を示すことから好ましい。
カルシウムアルミネートは、セメントとカルシウムアルミネートの混合物１００質量％中に１２〜９０質量％、特に１５〜８０質量％含有されるのが、適度な流動性を保持しやすく、施用状況が良好となるので好ましい。
Moreover, as a calcium aluminate, it is preferable that a main component is 40 mass% or more of hydraulic mono calcium aluminate (CA) from a viewpoint of reactivity or pot life. Other components include calcium aluminate with different compositions such as C12A7 and CA2, and C4AF and C2AS containing impurities such as Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and TiO 2 , and unreacted α-Al 2 O 3 For example, commercially available alumina cements having various mineral compositions can be used as they are.
The fineness of calcium aluminate is preferably 3000 to 8000 cm 2 / g because it exhibits good hydrating properties.
Calcium aluminate is contained in 12 to 90% by mass, particularly 15 to 80% by mass, in 100% by mass of a mixture of cement and calcium aluminate. Therefore, it is preferable.
セメントとカルシウムアルミネートの混合物は、水硬性組成物中に２０〜９０質量％、特に３５〜８０質量％含有されるのが好ましい。 The mixture of cement and calcium aluminate is preferably contained in the hydraulic composition in an amount of 20 to 90% by mass, particularly 35 to 80% by mass.
また、アルカリ土類金属の炭酸塩としては、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム等が挙げられる。これらのアルカリ土類金属の炭酸塩は、ＢＥＴ式比表面積０．８〜７m2／ｇ、特に１．２〜６．５m2／ｇであるのが、水硬性組成物のスラリーを適度な粘性に調整することができるので好ましい。
アルカリ土類金属の炭酸塩は、水硬性組成物中に１０〜５０質量％、好ましくは２０〜４０質量％含有される。１０質量％未満では、スラリーの粘性を適度に調整する効果が十分に得られず、５０質量％を超えると、接着材が硬化した後の強度発現性が低下するため好ましくない。
Examples of the alkaline earth metal carbonate include calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. These alkaline earth metal carbonates have a BET specific surface area of 0.8 to 7 m 2 / g, particularly 1.2 to 6.5 m 2 / g. It can be adjusted to be preferable.
The alkaline earth metal carbonate is contained in the hydraulic composition in an amount of 10 to 50% by mass, preferably 20 to 40% by mass. If it is less than 10% by mass, the effect of appropriately adjusting the viscosity of the slurry cannot be obtained sufficiently, and if it exceeds 50% by mass, strength development after the adhesive is cured is unfavorable.
水硬性組成物は、前記以外に、品質に悪影響を与えない範囲で、フライアッシュや高炉スラグ等の粉体や、ベントナイトやゼオライト等の鉱物、各種細骨材等を必要に応じて含有することができる。また、凝結遅延剤、硬化促進剤、減水剤、ＡＥ剤、分離低減剤、発泡剤、防錆剤、防凍剤、収縮低減剤、防水剤、抗菌剤等の各種添加剤を１種又は２種以上組み合わせて含有することもできる。
凝結遅延剤としては、例えば、グルコン酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、ヘプトン酸、これらの塩類等を用いることができる。凝結遅延剤は、水硬性組成物の粉体１００質量％に対して、０．３〜２質量％、特に０．５〜１．２質量％含有されるのが、強度発現性への影響が少ないので好ましい。
In addition to the above, the hydraulic composition contains powders such as fly ash and blast furnace slag, minerals such as bentonite and zeolite, various fine aggregates, etc. as necessary, as long as the quality is not adversely affected. Can do. Also, one or two kinds of various additives such as a setting retarder, a curing accelerator, a water reducing agent, an AE agent, a separation reducing agent, a foaming agent, a rust preventive agent, a defrosting agent, a shrinkage reducing agent, a waterproofing agent and an antibacterial agent It can also be contained in combination.
As the setting retarder, for example, gluconic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, heptonic acid, salts thereof and the like can be used. The setting retarder is contained in an amount of 0.3 to 2% by mass, particularly 0.5 to 1.2% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the powder of the hydraulic composition. It is preferable because there are few.
接着材となるスラリーは、水硬性組成物と水を混合して、練り混ぜることにより調製される。これらの混合割合は、水硬性組成物の粉体１００質量部に対して水２５〜５０質量部、特に３０〜４０質量部であるのが好ましい。 The slurry to be an adhesive is prepared by mixing the hydraulic composition and water and kneading. These mixing ratios are preferably 25 to 50 parts by mass, particularly 30 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the powder of the hydraulic composition.
スラリーのスランプ値は、３０mm以下、特に１０〜２５mm；また、スラリーのフロー値は、９０mm以下、特に６０〜７０mmであるのが、作業性が良好であり、接着材を施用した後に貝上から流れ落ちずに留まることができるので好ましい。これらの値は、ＪＡＳＳ１５Ｍ−１０３「セルフレベリング材の品質基準」に記載の方法に従って測定される。 The slump value of the slurry is 30 mm or less, particularly 10 to 25 mm; and the flow value of the slurry is 90 mm or less, particularly 60 to 70 mm, because the workability is good, and after applying the adhesive, It is preferable because it can stay without flowing down. These values are measured according to the method described in JASS 15M-103 “Quality Standards for Self-Leveling Materials”.
本発明方法により養殖する貝類としては、牡蠣、帆立貝等が挙げられる。
貝類の稚貝は、通常の方法により、採苗器により採取したものを用いることができる。稚貝の大きさは、１．５〜１０cm、特に３〜８cmのものを用いるのが好ましい。
Examples of shellfish cultured by the method of the present invention include oysters and scallops.
As the shellfish, shellfish collected by a seedling device can be used by a usual method. The size of the juvenile shellfish is preferably 1.5 to 10 cm, particularly 3 to 8 cm.
垂下連の基材としては、針金、ロープ等が挙げられる。また、基材の長さは１〜８ｍ、特に２〜６ｍであるのが好ましい。 Examples of the base material of the drooping line include a wire and a rope. Moreover, it is preferable that the length of a base material is 1-8 m, especially 2-6 m.
本発明においては、針金、ロープ等の基材に、前記のようなスラリーからなる接着材を用いて稚貝を固定する。この際、１点当たりの稚貝の数は、１〜６個、特に２〜４個であるのが、十分な大きさで、良好な形状の貝を得るために好ましい。また、垂下連１本当たりの稚貝の付着数は、６０〜１５０個、特に８０〜１２０個であるのが好ましい。 In the present invention, a juvenile shellfish is fixed to a base material such as a wire or a rope using an adhesive made of the slurry as described above. At this time, the number of juvenile shells per point is preferably 1 to 6, particularly 2 to 4 in order to obtain a shell having a sufficient size and a good shape. Moreover, it is preferable that the number of juveniles attached per droop is 60 to 150, particularly 80 to 120.
接着材は、貝１個当たり５〜４０ｇ用いて、稚貝を基材に接着するのが好ましい。基材の１点に複数個の稚貝を接着させる場合は、接着した稚貝の位置が基材を中心として均等になるよう予めいくつかの稚貝を並べておき、接着する稚貝の個数や形状に合わせて適当量の接着材を施用する。 The adhesive is preferably used in an amount of 5 to 40 g per shell to bond the juvenile shell to the base material. When a plurality of juvenile shells are bonded to one point of the base material, several juvenile shells are arranged in advance so that the positions of the joined juvenile shellfish are uniform around the base material. Apply an appropriate amount of adhesive according to the shape.
接着後、接着材を十分に硬化させ、垂下連として、通常の方法により貝類を養殖すればよい。 After bonding, the adhesive is sufficiently cured, and shellfish may be cultivated by a normal method as a drooping chain.
なお、本発明においては、接着材となるスラリーの５℃における凝結終結時間が６時間以内、特に１〜３時間以内であるのが、適度な作業時間を確保しつつ、稚貝を接着した後の垂下連を速やかに筏へ垂下することが可能となるので好ましい。 In the present invention, the setting time of the slurry as an adhesive at 5 ° C. is within 6 hours, particularly within 1 to 3 hours, after securing the proper working time, while bonding the larvae. This is preferable because it is possible to quickly hang the drooping chain to the heel.
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に詳しく説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
実施例１
（１）水硬性組成物の調製：
早強ポルトランドセメント（太平洋セメント社製）およびアルミナセメント（ラファージュセメント社製）を用い、表１の配合となるよう、ＢＥＴ比表面積の異なる炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウムから選定される材料と、遅延剤としてクエン酸（いずれも市販品）を加え、ヘンシェルミキサーにより混合して、Ａ〜Ｈの水硬性組成物（本発明品）を調製した。また、比較のため、早強ポルトランドセメント単体による参考品Ｉ（混合なし）、早強ポルトランドセメントとアルミナセメントの混合物にＢＥＴ比表面積０．７m2／ｇである炭酸カルシウムを混合して得た参考品Ｊ、アルミナセメントにＢＥＴ比表面積１．０m2／ｇである炭酸カルシウムを混合して得た参考品Ｋもあわせて調製した。
Example 1
(1) Preparation of hydraulic composition:
As early retarding Portland cement (Pacific cement) and alumina cement (Lafarge cement), materials selected from calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate with different BET specific surface areas to have the composition shown in Table 1, and as a retarder Citric acid (both commercially available) was added and mixed with a Henschel mixer to prepare A to H hydraulic compositions (product of the present invention). In addition, for comparison, reference product I obtained by mixing Portland cement alone with reference material I (no mixing), and a mixture of Hayashi Portland cement and alumina cement mixed with calcium carbonate having a BET specific surface area of 0.7 m 2 / g. A reference product K obtained by mixing product J and calcium carbonate having a BET specific surface area of 1.0 m 2 / g with alumina cement was also prepared.
（２）接着材スラリーの調製：
５℃において、表２に示す配合となるよう、前記Ａ〜Ｊの水硬性組成物に水を加え、ホバートミキサーにより約２分間混練して、接着材スラリーを調製した。
(2) Preparation of adhesive slurry:
At 5 ° C., water was added to the hydraulic compositions A to J so as to have the composition shown in Table 2, and kneaded for about 2 minutes by a Hobart mixer to prepare an adhesive slurry.
（３）練り混ぜおよび硬化状況：
前記接着材スラリーをＪＡＳＳ１５Ｍ−１０３「セルフレベリング材の品質基準」にあるΦ５０mm×ｈ５１mmフローコーンを用い、スラリーのスランプ値およびフロー値を測定した。また、ＪＩＳ Ｒ５２０１−１９７７「セメントの物理試験方法」に記載の凝結試験装置（ビカー針装置）を用い、５℃において、始発針の貫入高さが試験体（高さ４０mm）の底面より１mm高くなったところを始発、４０mmとなったところを終結として凝結時間を測定した。さらに、実際に帆立貝殻に接着材を塗布するときの接着材の練り上がり性状、作業性及び硬化性状を評価した。これらの結果を表３に示す。なお、表中の比較例１については、粘性が高く接着材がフローコーンに多量に付着したため、スランプ値およびフロー値の測定は行なわなかった。
(3) Mixing and curing status:
A slump value and a flow value of the slurry were measured by using a Φ50 mm × h51 mm flow cone in JASS15M-103 “Quality Standard for Self-Leveling Material”. Moreover, the penetration height of the first needle is 1 mm higher than the bottom surface of the specimen (height 40 mm) at 5 ° C. using the setting test device (Vicat needle device) described in JIS R5201-1977 “Physical testing method for cement”. The setting time was measured with the starting point as the starting point and the stopping point as 40 mm. Furthermore, the kneading property, workability, and curing property of the adhesive when actually applying the adhesive to the scallop shell were evaluated. These results are shown in Table 3. In addition, about the comparative example 1 in a table | surface, since the viscosity was high and the adhesive material adhered abundantly to the flow cone, the slump value and the flow value were not measured.
（評価基準）
（ｉ）練り上がり性状・作業性：
○；適度な粘性を持ち、材料の分離などがなく、作業性も良好。
△；粘性が高く練り混ぜ時に十分な練り返しが必要となる状態、もしくは、粘性が低下して練り混ぜ後の接着材表面に水が浮いてくる状態。
×；粘性が高すぎて接着材がミキサー内部に付着してしまい十分な練り混ぜが行なえない状態、もしくは、粘性が低すぎて練り混ぜ時に材料分離が見られる状態。作業性も悪い。
(Evaluation criteria)
(I) Kneading properties and workability:
○: Appropriate viscosity, no material separation, and good workability.
Δ: A state where the viscosity is high and sufficient re-mixing is required at the time of kneading, or a state where the viscosity is lowered and water floats on the surface of the adhesive after kneading.
X: A state where the adhesive is adhered to the inside of the mixer because the viscosity is too high and sufficient mixing cannot be performed, or a state where the material is separated during mixing because the viscosity is too low. Workability is also poor.
（ii）硬化性状：
○；接着時の作業性に概ね変化が無く、接着後の強度発現性が良好で、接着した貝の剥離などが殆ど見られない状態。
△；接着作業中に材料の粘性が増加して作業性が低下したり、接着後の強度発現が遅れて接着した貝の一部に剥離が見られる状態。
×；練り上がり後急激に反応が進み作業性が確保できない場合や、接着後の強度発現が著しく遅れて接着した貝の多くが剥離してしまう状態。
(Ii) Curing properties:
○: Workability during bonding is almost unchanged, strength development after bonding is good, and peeling of bonded shellfish is hardly observed.
Δ: The state in which the viscosity of the material is increased during the bonding operation and the workability is lowered, or the part of the bonded shellfish is peeled off due to the delayed development of strength after bonding.
X: A state where the reaction suddenly progresses after kneading and workability cannot be ensured, or the strength development after bonding is significantly delayed, and many of the bonded shellfish peel off.
表３より、本発明で用いる水硬性組成物を使用した接着材スラリーは、適度な粘性を有し、垂下連を作製する際の作業時間が短く、しかも良好な作業性を供することができる。 From Table 3, the adhesive slurry using the hydraulic composition used in the present invention has an appropriate viscosity, has a short working time when producing a drooping series, and can provide good workability.
Claims (9)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101715750A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-06-02 | 大连水产学院 | Sea area intermediate breeding method applicable to Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings |
| KR101723777B1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-04-07 | 주식회사 홍성이엔지 | Environment-friendly inorganic adhesive composition and method for preparing thereof |
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| JPS55165735A (en) * | 1979-06-12 | 1980-12-24 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Shellfishes breeding method |
| JPH07163264A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-06-27 | Fisheries Resource Dev 1988 Ltd | Method and device for fixing object such as scallop to narrow, long material |
| JP2004307866A (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2004-11-04 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co Kg | Redispersed powder having plasticizing property and stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol, method for producing the same and use thereof |
| JP2008237036A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Method for culturing shellfish |
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| JPS4890892A (en) * | 1972-03-07 | 1973-11-27 | ||
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| JPS55165735A (en) * | 1979-06-12 | 1980-12-24 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Shellfishes breeding method |
| JPH07163264A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-06-27 | Fisheries Resource Dev 1988 Ltd | Method and device for fixing object such as scallop to narrow, long material |
| JP2004307866A (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2004-11-04 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co Kg | Redispersed powder having plasticizing property and stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol, method for producing the same and use thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101723777B1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-04-07 | 주식회사 홍성이엔지 | Environment-friendly inorganic adhesive composition and method for preparing thereof |
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