JP2009171906A - Distillation-type irrigation device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a distillation-type irrigation device for raising plants, free from causing land deterioration such as salt damage, and enabling saving labor of water transportation through continuously performing a series of treatment of bringing salt water to fresh water and supplying the fresh water to plants. <P>SOLUTION: This distillation-type irrigation device has a water holding part which holds at least water, and a plant retaining part which is arranged above the water holding part and retains plants. The water holding part has an evaporation tank by forming space between the water surface of water held in the water holding part and the lower end part of the plant retaining part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant irrigation apparatus, and more particularly, a distillation irrigation apparatus that supplies water to a plant by moving gaseous water by evaporation promoted by solar energy and a vapor pressure gradient formed by the evaporation. About.

  Currently, about 1.9 billion ha of the whole world is said to be affected by land degradation. According to the Global Soil Degradation Assessment Council (GLASOD), the largest area of 550 million ha in the world where land degradation has been reported in the past 45 years has been in the Asia-Pacific region. It has been reported. On the other hand, 1,320 million people, or 39% of the population in the Asian region, live in areas susceptible to drought and desertification. The main causes of land degradation are agricultural activities, deforestation and overgrazing, such as collecting and cutting firewood, and industrial development, and there is concern that land degradation in areas where the population is concentrated will proceed synergistically .

Especially in areas where irrigated agriculture is carried out, land degradation due to salt damage is progressing.
The mechanism of salt damage is as follows. When irrigated farming is conducted, especially in dry areas, water is poured into the fields more than the crops absorb to prevent the crops from withering. Water that is not absorbed by the crops penetrates into the soil, and as a result, the groundwater level gradually increases. The water in the soil rises to the ground surface by capillary action and evaporates into the air. If the amount of rising water from the soil is greater than this amount of evaporation, a water logging phenomenon occurs. At the same time, when water rises in the soil, the salt contained in the soil also rises. As a result, salt accumulates on the soil surface, and salt damage occurs when it is excessive.
A lot of farmland suffering from salt damage is seen in Pakistan, India, and China. For example, in Pakistan, it has been reported that the harvest reduced 30% due to salt damage.

In particular, in order to realize irrigated agriculture in arid areas, it is necessary to secure a sufficient amount of water that can be irrigated, in addition to taking measures against salt damage.
Examples of water that can be used for irrigation include groundwater, foreign river water, and seawater. Examples of the groundwater include pressurized groundwater having a relatively high salt concentration in a layer sandwiched between impermeable layers, or free groundwater on the upper side (surface side) of the impermeable layer.
That is, in order to carry out irrigation agriculture in dry areas where there is a chronic shortage of agricultural water, pressurized groundwater containing salt, seawater, industrial wastewater, etc. need to be used effectively.

In the case of using groundwater or seawater with high salt concentration as irrigation water, conventionally (1) a method of desalinating seawater with an appropriate device and transporting the freshwater to cultivated land, or (2) saltwater resistance of the target crop After adjusting the salt concentration according to the situation, one of the methods of pouring the arable land has been adopted.
Desalination of salt water generally depends on separating the two using the difference in properties of water as a solvent and salt as a solute. Examples of the desalination method include an evaporation method, a freezing method, a reverse osmosis method, and a pervaporation method. In the evaporation method, water is easier to evaporate than salt, and in the freezing method, only water is first frozen, and desalination is performed. In the reverse osmosis method and pervaporation method, salt and water are separated using a membrane that allows only water molecules to permeate. In the evaporation method and the freezing method, it is necessary to input energy such as electric power from the outside, which is expensive. On the other hand, the reverse osmosis method and the pervaporation method can keep energy costs relatively low, but from the viewpoint of membrane consumption rate and fresh water yield, the efficiency is inferior when used on a large farm. Had.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing agricultural water from seawater by performing zeolite treatment and anion exchange resin treatment or chitosan treatment.

In addition, any of the above methods transports agricultural water obtained by desalination or dilution to reduce the salt concentration before irrigation to the cultivated land. According to such a method, since water production and water transportation require cost, the target plants are limited to crops with high commercial value and garden planting, that is, they are not applicable to cultivated land crops.
JP 11-209191 A

An object of the present invention is to provide a distillation type irrigation device that can be manufactured inexpensively and easily and does not cause land deterioration such as salt damage.
The subject of this invention makes it a subject to save the effort of the transport of water by performing a series of processes of desalinating salt water and supplying this fresh water to a plant continuously. Furthermore, this series of processing is performed by a method having a very small environmental load using solar radiation heat or other energy.
The further subject of this invention is growing a plant favorably by supplying water efficiently to a plant and promoting the deep rooting of a plant, overcoming the said subject.

The invention according to claim 1 includes a water storage portion that stores at least water and a plant holding portion that is disposed above the water storage portion and holds plants, and the water storage portion is stored in the water storage portion. The present invention relates to a distillation irrigation apparatus characterized by having an evaporation tank by forming a space between the water surface and the lower end of the plant holding part.
The invention according to claim 2 relates to the distillation irrigation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a heat absorber that absorbs solar radiation heat is disposed in the stored water.
The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that a porous material is disposed on at least a part of the side wall and / or the bottom of the plant holding part in the evaporation tank. It relates to distillation irrigation equipment.
The invention according to claim 4 relates to the distillation irrigation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the upper surface of the plant holding part is covered with a reflector.
The invention according to claim 5 relates to a distillation irrigation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat absorber is charcoal.
The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that at least a part of the outside of the water storage portion is colored in a black system so that the stored water can be absorbed by heat. It relates to the distillation type irrigation device described in 1.

The distillation irrigation apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus that includes a water storage unit that stores water and a plant holding unit that includes soil, a solid medium, and the like as essential components, and can be manufactured inexpensively and easily. Moreover, since the distillation type irrigation device of the present invention does not irrigate by pouring water into the soil, it does not cause land deterioration such as salt damage.
According to the distillation irrigation apparatus of the present invention, a series of treatments can be continuously performed in which salt water is desalted and the obtained fresh water is supplied to plants. Therefore, it is possible to save the labor of transportation after the desalination treatment, which has been conventionally performed.
Since the distillation irrigation apparatus of the present invention is a resource-saving and energy-saving technology, the environmental load is extremely small. That is, the distillation irrigation apparatus of the present invention can supply water to plants by moving gaseous water by evaporation promoted by solar radiation energy and vapor pressure gradient generated by the evaporation.
Another advantage of the distillation irrigation apparatus of the present invention is that the water utilization efficiency is significantly improved. Plants generally have higher water requirements (transpiration) when solar radiation heat is high. Similarly, the irrigation apparatus of the present invention can supply more water as the solar radiation heat increases. That is, in the distillation irrigation apparatus of the present invention, the conditions under which the plant needs water and the conditions under which the amount of water supply increases are the same. Accordingly, it is possible to supply water without waste. Furthermore, since water supply is performed not from the soil surface layer but from the deep layer, there is an advantage that evaporation loss from the soil surface hardly occurs.
Another advantage of the distillation irrigation apparatus of the present invention is that the roots are deeply rooted when water is supplied from the deep soil layer, so that plants can be cultivated well.
Another advantage of the distillation irrigation apparatus of the present invention is that it can be obtained with or without solar radiant heat because the energy for evaporation can be obtained from geothermal heat or high temperature industrial wastewater.

The distillation irrigation apparatus of the present invention includes at least a water storage unit that stores water and a plant holding unit that is disposed above the water storage unit and holds plants.
Please refer to FIG. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a distillation irrigation apparatus (1) of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the present irrigation apparatus). This irrigation device (1) is provided with a water accommodating part (2) and a plant holding part (3) arranged above it as essential components, and this water accommodating part (2) contains water (21) below. The evaporating tank (22) is provided above.

First, the mechanism by which water is supplied to the plant of this irrigation device (1) will be described.
This irrigation device (1) uses the principle that gas moves from a high pressure region to a low pressure region, and intentionally creates a pressure gradient to move water vapor and supply water to plants. Specifically, the evaporation tank (22) according to the present invention has a region where the vapor pressure is high and a region where the vapor pressure is low. The region where the vapor pressure is high is the lower portion of the evaporation tank (22) (that is, the portion close to the water surface of the water (21)), while the region where the vapor pressure is low is the upper portion of the evaporation tank (22) (that is, the portion). It is a part close to the plant holding part (3).
The water (21) accommodated in the water accommodating part (2) evaporates from the water surface and becomes gaseous water. This evaporation creates a high vapor pressure condition near the surface of the water (21). On the other hand, low vapor pressure conditions are created near the lower end of the plant holding part (3) due to evaporation of water from the upper surface of the plant holding part (3) and transpiration of the plant (4) (arrow D). Therefore, the evaporation tank (22) includes a region where the vapor pressure is high and a region where the vapor pressure is high, and the gaseous water evaporated from the water (21) is directed upward as indicated by the arrow C (that is, from the region where the vapor pressure is high). Move towards a lower area.
When the gaseous water in the evaporation tank (22) reaches the plant holding part (3), the gaseous water is cooled to become liquid water, soaks into the plant holding part (3), and the plant (4 ).
As described above, the “distillation type” of the present invention means that gaseous water evaporated from water (21) such as salt water is recovered again as liquid water.

Hereinafter, each component of this irrigation apparatus (1) is demonstrated further with reference to FIG.
The irrigation device (1) includes a water storage unit (2) and a plant holding unit (3) disposed above the water storage unit (2) as essential components.

The water storage part (2) stores water (21) in the lower part and provides the evaporation tank (22) in the upper part. An evaporation tank (22) is the space formed between the water surface of water (21) and the lower end part of a plant holding part (3). Here, the “lower end of the plant holding part (3)” is a term used to specify the region of the evaporation tank (22). As shown in FIG. 1, the plant holding part (3) The lowermost end may form a surface.
This water accommodating part (2) may be manufactured with any raw material, for example, metals, such as plastic and stainless steel, glass, etc. are mentioned. The shape of the water storage part (2) is not particularly limited, but may be determined as appropriate depending on the type of plant to be cultivated and the number of plant holding parts (3). For example, the container (27) can store water. Good. Alternatively, it has a size that can accommodate a plurality of plant holding parts (3) and may be formed in a box shape (described later with reference to FIG. 2), or an existing water channel is processed. May be manufactured (described later with reference to FIG. 3), or may be manufactured by processing a part of a drain pipe for draining water from a factory (described later with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5). Or a shape having design so that it can be used for ornamental purposes (described later with reference to FIG. 6). However, in any form, the water storage part (2) has at least a capacity capable of storing water and including the evaporation tank (22).

Although the water (21) accommodated in a water accommodating part (2) is not specifically limited, For example, salt water, environmentally polluted water, factory waste water, domestic waste water, etc. may be used, but among these, salt water is preferably used. Is done. The salt water may be salt water containing sodium chloride (NaCl) in a concentration of 0.001 to 5%, or a maximum of 38%.
In other words, in this irrigation device (1), groundwater such as pressurized groundwater and free groundwater with relatively high salt concentration, water from foreign rivers, or seawater can be used. The irrigation device (1) can be preferably used even in a certain area.

  In this irrigation device (1), for example, even when salt water is used as the water (21), the boiling points of water and sodium chloride are greatly different. After moving as indicated by arrow C, liquid water is supplied to the plant (4) via the plant holding part (3).

A water supply port (24) and a drain port (25) may be provided on the left and right sides of the water storage portion (2) in FIG. In FIG. 1, the flow of supplying water (21) from the water supply port (24) is indicated by an arrow (A), and the flow of discharging water (21) from the drain port (25) is indicated by an arrow (B).
Although the place where the water supply port (24) and the drainage port (25) are installed is not particularly limited, preferably the heights of the respective installation locations of the water supply port (24) and the drainage port (25) are changed as shown in FIG. Thus, a water flow in the vertical direction is formed in the water accommodating portion (2). Thereby, for example, even when salt water is used as the water (21), even if the salt concentration increases near the water surface due to water evaporation, the salt concentration of the entire water (21) is reduced by the water flow in the vertical direction. It can be made substantially uniform.
Another effect of the drain port (25) is that the height of the water surface of the water (21) accommodated in the water accommodating part (2) can be adjusted. That is, the water (21) sent to the water storage part (2) reaches the portion where the drain port (25) is arranged, and the excess water (21) thereafter is discharged from the drain port (25). And since water (21) is discharged | emitted from the water surface vicinity, there also exists an advantage that it is discharged | emitted from water with high salt concentration. Therefore, the height of the water surface of the water (21) can be adjusted by the position of the drain port (25), and therefore the volume of the evaporation tank (22) can be arbitrarily determined.

Preferably, a heat absorber (23) is put into the water (21) of the water storage part (2). The heat absorber (23) is a material that absorbs solar radiation heat, and examples thereof include charcoal, ash, wood, metal, and coal. Among these, charcoal is preferably used. Specifically, charcoal, bamboo charcoal, Bincho charcoal, and the like are mentioned. Among these, charcoal is preferably used because it has a high absorption rate of solar radiation heat and has a small environmental load when discarded.
This heat absorber (23) absorbs solar radiation heat, dissipates the absorbed heat to water (21), and evaporation of water (21) from the water surface is promoted by this heat. Since the evaporation of the water (21) is promoted, the vapor pressure near the water surface of the water (21) in the evaporation tank (22) can be further increased. Thereby, the difference of the magnitude | size of the vapor pressure of the area | region near the water surface of water (21) and the area | region near the lower end part (lower surface) of a plant holding part (3) becomes large, and movement (arrow C) of gaseous water is carried out. As a result, the amount of water supplied to the plant (4) is increased.

  In order to obtain the same effect as that of the heat absorber (23), the container (27) constituting the water container (2) may be colored. Specifically, by coloring at least the outer side of the container (27) to a black system or the like, sunlight or the like can be effectively absorbed, and evaporation of water stored in the container (27) can be promoted. The coloring method is not particularly limited, but the irrigation apparatus (1) may be manufactured using a container (27) colored in advance with a black line or the like (27) ) There are methods to cover the surface. According to this embodiment, it is not always necessary to use the heat absorber (23), but by using the heat absorber (23) in combination, the evaporation of water (21) can be effectively promoted.

A plant (4) is hold | maintained at a plant holding part (3). That is, the plant (4) is rooted inside the plant holding part (3).
The plant holding part (3) may be soil stored in the container (34), or may be a solid medium such as rock wool. In addition, in FIG. 1, the plant holding part which consists of the soil (32) accommodated in the container (34) is shown.
The shape of the plant holding part (3) is not particularly limited, and is appropriately determined depending on the type of the plant (4) and the size and type of the water storage part (2). In addition, in FIG. 1, although the lower end part of the plant holding part (3) is a straight line in the cross-sectional view, that is, forms a surface, for example, the cross section is curved, that is, the plant holding part ( The bottom of 3) may be semispherical. Moreover, the container (34) which comprises a plant holding part (3), and the container (27) which comprises a water accommodating part (2) may be manufactured so that it may integrate.

  As described above, when the gaseous water that has moved upward (in the direction of arrow C) from below the evaporation tank (22) reaches the plant holding part (3), the surface of the plant holding part (3) or It is cooled inside and turned into liquid water. The liquid water soaks into the inside of the plant holding part (3), a part is absorbed by the roots of the plant, and the other part is evaporated from the upper surface of the plant holding part (3).

For example, when using soil contained in the container (34) as the plant holding part (3), the bottom of the container (34), the side wall, both the bottom and side walls, or at least a part of these have openings. The opening is covered with a porous material. Or even if it is a case where a solid culture medium is used as a plant holding part (3), you may coat | cover the bottom part of a solid culture medium, a side wall, both a bottom part and a side wall, or at least one part of these with a porous material.
As the porous material, a nonwoven fabric (33) is used in FIG. 1, but is not limited thereto. As the porous material, a material that passes gas but does not pass liquid and solid, or a material that passes gas and liquid but does not pass solid may be used. When the porous material passes only gas, the gaseous water (water vapor) from the evaporation tank (22) passes through the porous material as it is and reaches the soil or solid medium, or the soil or solid medium. Inside, it turns into a liquid and is then fed to the plant. Alternatively, when a material that passes gas and liquid but does not pass solids is used as the porous material, the gaseous water from the evaporation tank (22) reaches the surface of the porous material and reaches the surface of the liquid material. Instead, this liquid water can also pass through the porous material and be supplied to the plant.
In addition, "solid" here refers to the component which comprises a plant holding part (3), for example, when soil is used for a plant holding part (3), "solid" shows "soil" When a solid medium is used for the plant holding unit (3), “solid” indicates “solid medium”. More specifically, “impermeable to solids” means “can physically support the soil of the plant holding part (3)” or “physically supports the solid medium of the plant holding part (3). Means "can be". In other words, if the porous material which concerns on this invention can support substantially the soil and solid culture medium which comprise a plant holding part (3), it will have a hole part which has a magnitude | size of the grade which passes a fine solid. It may be a porous material. Furthermore, if the soil or the like can be supported only by this porous material, the container (34) for housing the soil shown in FIG. 1 is not necessarily required.
As shown in FIG. 1, when a porous sheet-like material such as linen, cotton cloth or nonwoven fabric is used as the porous material, the physical strength for holding the soil can be increased. In addition, since linen, cotton cloth and non-woven fabric allow gas and liquid to pass through, even if it becomes liquid water on the evaporation tank (22) side surface, this water can effectively pass through the cloth and enter the soil (32). Soaked in and fed to the plant (4).

In this irrigation device (1), for example, the upper surface portion of the plant holding portion (3), preferably the portion exposed to sunlight among the surface of the plant holding portion (3) may be covered with a reflector. Examples of the reflecting material include sheet-like aluminum and silver vinyl, but sheet-like aluminum is preferably used. In FIG. 1, aluminum (31) is arranged so as to surround the stem of the plant (4) protruding from the soil (32).
When this reflector is arranged on the upper surface portion of the plant holding part (3), the solid medium and soil constituting the plant holding part (3) absorb heat by reflecting heat such as solar radiation heat to the outside. In order to suppress this, the temperature of the plant holding part (3) can be kept low. For example, as shown in Test Example 4 to be described later, not only the upper surface portion of the plant holding part (3) but also the surface that absorbs heat such as sunlight such as the side wall is covered with a reflector, and the inside of the plant holding part (3) It is possible to keep the temperature at a low temperature more effectively.
As a result, the vapor pressure in the vicinity of the lower end of the plant holding part (3) of the evaporation tank (22) can be reduced, and therefore the vapor pressure near the water surface of the water (21) in the evaporation tank (22) and the plant holding. The difference in vapor pressure near the lower end of the part (3) can be increased. Thereby, the movement of the gaseous water in an evaporation tank (22) can be accelerated | stimulated.
Another advantage of this reflector is that it can moderately suppress evaporation from the top of the plant holding part (3). Thereby, the amount of water stored in the plant holding part (3) is maintained, and is efficiently supplied to the plant (4).

Although soil (32) is not specifically limited, It determines suitably according to the kind of plant (4), a growth stage, etc., You may mix fertilizer etc. arbitrarily.
The particle size of the soil constituting the soil (32) is preferably 0.2 to 7.0 mm, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mm. The soil having this particle size has the effect of promoting the flow of water from the lower part of the plant holding part (3) to the roots of the plant.

  The plant (4) is rooted and held inside the plant holding part (3). Although this irrigation apparatus (1) is suitable for any plant, a plant having a small amount of water is suitable, and examples thereof include wheat, barley, corn, millet, millet, sugar cane, cassava, cotton, and millet.

Fig.2 (a) shows other embodiment of this irrigation apparatus (1), and is a schematic perspective view of this irrigation apparatus (1).
In FIG. 2A, a water storage part (2), a plant holding part (3) and a plant (4) are shown, and the water storage part (2) includes a water supply port (24) and a drain port (25). . The water storage part (2) shown here is a rectangular parallelepiped shape and is a box-like object, and evaporates by forming a space between the water surface of the water stored therein and the lower end part of the plant holding part (3). A tank is provided.
As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the irrigation device (1) has a plurality of (16 pieces in FIG. 2 (a)) plant holding parts (3) and plants (one) for one water storage part (2). 4) may be provided.

2 (b) and 2 (c) are partial cross-sectional views of the irrigation device (1) shown in FIG. 2 (a). In this cross-sectional view, a water storage part (2), a plant holding part (3) and a plant (4) are shown. Water (21) is stored in the water storage part (2), and this water (21) Charcoal (23), which is a heat absorber, is introduced.
In FIG. 2 (b), the non-woven fabric (33) is arranged only at the bottom of the plant holding portion (3), and in FIG. 2 (c), the non-woven fabric (33) is provided on both the side wall and the bottom of the plant holding portion (3). They are different in that they are arranged. The larger the area where the nonwoven fabric (33) is disposed, the more liquid water can be absorbed and the water can be supplied to the plant.

  2B and 2C, the water storage portion (2) further includes a top plate (26). By fixing the plant holding part (3) with this top plate (26), a space is formed between the water surface of the water stored in the water storage part (2) and the lower end of the plant holding part (3). It becomes possible. The means for fixing the top plate (26) and the plant holding part (3) is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and (c), a hole having an arbitrary shape is formed on the top plate (26). There is a method in which the upper peripheral edge of the container (34) that is formed and constitutes the plant holding part (3) is made larger than the peripheral edge of the hole. According to this method, the plant holding part (3) can be easily fixed by inserting the plant holding part (3) into the hole from the bottom. Moreover, also when a plant holding part (3) is comprised with a solid culture medium, it can fix to the hole of a top plate (26) by processing the upper peripheral part larger than another peripheral part.

  This top plate (26) is preferably made of a highly transparent material, and examples thereof include plastic and glass. Thereby, evaporation of water (21) can be accelerated | stimulated because a heat absorber (23) absorbs solar radiation heat effectively and releases this absorbed heat to water (21).

  In the present irrigation device (1) shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to (c), the evaporating tank (22) is substantially sealed by the water storage part (2) and the plant holding part (3). For example, the plant holding part (3) may be fixed by a tripod or the like without using the top plate (26), or the plant holding part (3) is placed on a basket or the like and floated on the water (21). Therefore, the irrigation device (1) may be configured. However, also in this case, the evaporation tank (22) is provided by forming a space at least between the water surface of the water (21) and the plant holding part (3).

Fig.3 (a) is other embodiment of this irrigation apparatus (1). The irrigation apparatus (1) shown here is configured by using a water channel as the water storage unit (2) and forming a plant holding unit (3) on the water channel. FIG. 3B is an exploded perspective view of FIG.
The water (21) flowing through the water channel (2) is provided with a heat absorber (not shown), and the water channel (2) is formed to meander. For example, even when salt water is used as the water (21), the salt concentration of the entire water (21) is made substantially uniform by the water flow caused by the meandering. Therefore, the meandering waterway (2) brings about the advantage that water is supplied approximately equally to each of the plurality of plants (4) planted in the plant holding part (3) disposed above.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the irrigation apparatus (1). This irrigation device (1) shown here uses a drain pipe for flowing waste water from a factory as a water storage part (2), and forms a plant holding part (3) above the drain pipe. Composed.
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the irrigation apparatus (1) shown in FIG.
Please refer to FIG. In FIG. 5, the water accommodating part (2) comprised by the drain pipe of a factory, a plant holding part (3), and a plant (4) are shown. Although the irrigation apparatus (1) of this embodiment is manufactured by processing a drain pipe (2), the processing method is not specifically limited. For example, the upper part of the drain pipe is cut open to form a hole, and the plant holding part is embedded in the hole. Even in this case, a space is formed in the water surface of the factory waste water (21) passing through the drain pipe and the lower end portion of the plant holding portion (3) (the portion where the nonwoven fabric (33) is arranged in FIG. 5) to form an evaporation tank. (22) is provided. Furthermore, a membrane that physically passes the water while passing water such as a nonwoven fabric (33) is arranged on the bottom or side wall (bottom in FIG. 5) of the plant holding part (3) facing the evaporation tank (22). ing.
In the present irrigation device (1), the factory effluent (21) is also preferably used. When using factory waste water (21), it is desirable that the temperature of the water in the waste water (21) can be evaporated and that the vapor pressure near the water surface can be kept high. In such a case, it is not always necessary to put the heat absorber into water (21).

FIG. 6 shows an ornamental device for another embodiment of the irrigation device (1).
The irrigation device (1) of FIG. 6 shows a water storage part (2), a plant holding part (3), and a plant (4), between the water surface of the water (21) and the lower end part of the plant holding part (3). An evaporation tank (22) is provided by forming a space in the tank. The water storage part (2) is manufactured with a container (27) made of glass or the like having high transparency, and gives a fresh and fresh impression. In addition, since this highly transparent glass container (27) enables charcoal (23) charged into water (21) to effectively absorb heat, as described above, as a result, water for the plant is obtained. The supply amount of can be increased. For example, when colored water such as blue or red is used as the water (21), it becomes an ornamental plant with high design.
In such an ornamental irrigation apparatus (1), in order to replace the water (21), the plant holding part (3) can be easily removed, or an opening (see FIG. (Not shown) may be provided.
When this irrigation device (1) is used for ornamental purposes, the shape and material of the container (27) constituting the water container (2) and the shape of the heat absorber (23) are arbitrarily selected for the purpose of improving the design. It is desirable to change to

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail using an Example, this invention is not limited to these.

(Test Example 1: Measurement of evaporation when using a heat absorber)
<Method>
Into a transparent vinyl chloride tube having an internal height of 23 cm and an internal diameter of 7.8 cm, 850 g of water or salt water (3.0% NaCl) was added, and a total of four were prepared. Charcoal (Komaru) (190 g) is charged into each of the polyvinyl chloride pipes for water and salt water. (I) Charcoal-filled water zone, (b) Charcoal-filled salt water zone, (C) Charcoal-free water zone, (d) A charcoal-free saltwater area was created.
District 4 was placed outdoors for 38 days from June 26th to August 2nd, 2007, with 3 iterations. Fig.7 (a) shows the average value of the daily evaporation rate in each 4 sections. FIG. 7B is a diagram showing the effect of charcoal and salt on the basis of the evaporation rate of (c) a charcoal-free water area.
The evaporation rate of water in each vinyl chloride pipe is measured at 9 am every measurement day, and the amount of decrease in 24 hours is calculated from two measurements on two consecutive days. Was measured.

<Result>
As shown in FIG. 7A, the evaporation rate of water showed a numerical value of 5 g to 50 g per day for each of the four districts due to the difference in weather conditions during the measurement period. In the charcoal-free water zone and the charcoal-free salt water zone (C and D), there was almost no difference in the evaporation rate between the two. In (i) charcoal-filled water zone and (b) charcoal-filled salt water zone, (i) coal-filled water zone had a higher evaporation rate. FIG. 7 (b) clarifies these differences. FIG. 7 (b) is a plot of the evaporation rates of other zones based on the evaporation rate obtained from (c) the charcoal-free water zone. As the figure shows, the evaporation rate is suppressed when it is salt water. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the evaporation rate increased by charcoal was larger than the evaporation rate decreased by salt.

(Test Example 2: Measurement of the amount of water absorbed by the soil when the upper surface of the plant holding part is covered with a reflector)
<Method>
Create four transparent vinyl chloride pipes (A) with an inner height of 23 cm and an inner diameter of 7.8 cm as shown in Fig. 8 (two each) and make charcoal (small circle) for all. (190 g) (B) was added. A non-woven fabric (C) was arranged so as to cover the opening of the cultivation cylinder (E), and soil was filled on the non-woven fabric (C) (since the soil was supported by the non-woven fabric (C), it did not spill). This cultivation cylinder (E) was mounted on the top of the vinyl chloride tube (A).
The cylinder (E) was fixed by a joint (F) connecting cylinders having different diameters. A space was provided between the surface of water or salt water contained in the vinyl chloride tube and the nonwoven fabric (C). Each one of the water and salt water polyvinyl chloride pipes was made into an aluminum-coated section, and in this section, the upper opening of the cylinder (E) was closed with Saran wrap (H) and aluminum foil (G). The remaining water and salt water were not covered with aluminum and the soil was visible on the top surface. There were 3 iterations, the first was from July 12 to August 2, 2007, and the second from August 26 to September 11, 2007. The first measurement was performed every day, but the second measurement was performed every 5 days. The measurement was carried out by removing the joint (F), and the upper and lower weights were measured with an electronic balance at 9 am every measurement day. The amount of weight increase in the upper part from the start of the test was calculated, and this was taken as the amount of water absorbed in the soil. Similarly, the amount of decrease in the lower part was taken as the integrated value of the evaporation amount of water contained in the vinyl chloride tube, and the amount of decrease in the total weight of the upper and lower parts was taken as the integrated value of the evaporation amount from the cylinder (E).

<Result>
9 (a) to (c) and FIGS. 10 (a) to (c), the cylinder (E) is covered with aluminum, and the section containing water and the section containing salt water are respectively referred to as “a water”, The section containing “a salt” and containing the water without the aluminum coating (that is, with the soil exposed) and the section containing the salt water are called “earth water” and “earth salt”, respectively. 9A to 9C show the first test results, and FIGS. 10A to 10C show the second test results.
In the first test, evaporation from the vinyl chloride tube became active after a relatively small evaporation period at the beginning (see FIG. 9A). The amount of evaporation was greater for water in the aluminum coating, and there was no difference between water and salt water without the coating. The amount of evaporation from the vinyl chloride tube was higher in water in the second test regardless of whether or not aluminum coating was present (FIG. 10 (a)).
The amount of water absorbed by the soil was greatly increased by the aluminum coating (FIG. 9 (c) and FIG. 10 (c)). The amount of water absorbed was greater with water, but the difference in water and salt water absorbed was smaller with salt water except for the first aluminum coating. The amount of water absorbed in the soil was 40-50% of the evaporation amount with the aluminum coating. In the absence of aluminum coating, soil water hardly increased from some point. This was presumed to be due to the large amount of evaporation from the soil (FIG. 9 (b) and FIG. 10 (b)).
From the above, it was clarified that aluminum coating significantly increases soil water, although the effect of water salt concentration on the amount of evaporation and soil water is small. The influence of the aluminum coating on the evaporation amount of water contained in the vinyl chloride pipe was small.

(Test Example 3: Effect of simple aluminum coating and cold chill on soil water volume and rice germination)
<Method> Four transparent vinyl chloride pipes (A) with an inner height of 23 cm and an inner diameter of 7.8 cm shown in FIG. 11 were prepared by adding 3% salt water, and all of them were charcoal (Komaru) ( 190 g) (B) was charged. A non-woven fabric (C) was arranged so as to cover the opening of the cultivation cylinder (E), and soil was filled on the non-woven fabric (C) (since the soil was supported by the non-woven fabric (C), it did not spill). This cultivation cylinder (E) was mounted on the top of the vinyl chloride tube (A).
The cylinder (E) was fixed by a joint (F) connecting cylinders having different diameters. A space was provided between the surface of water or salt water contained in the vinyl chloride tube and the nonwoven fabric (C). In the aluminum simple covering section, a circular aluminum foil (G) was placed on the soil (D). In the shading zone, the cylinder (E) was covered with a cold chill (J). 50 rice seeds (I) were placed at the bottom of the soil. The number of repetitions was 3, and the implementation period was measured every 5 days from August 9, 2007 to August 29, 2007. The measurement was carried out by removing the joint (F), and the weight of the upper and lower portions was measured with an electronic balance at 9 am every measurement day. The amount of weight increase in the upper part from the start of the test was calculated, and this was taken as the amount of water absorbed in the soil. Similarly, the amount of decrease in the lower part was taken as the integrated value of the evaporation amount of water contained in the vinyl chloride tube, and the amount of decrease in the total weight of the upper and lower parts was taken as the integrated value of the evaporation amount from the cylinder (E). On the last day, we conducted a bud germination survey.

<Result>
12 (a) to 12 (c), the light shielded and lightly coated aluminum is “shielded”, the light not covered with simple aluminum is “shielded”, and the lightly shielded aluminum coated without light is “light”. "A", the one that was not simply covered with aluminum is represented as "light soil".
The amount of evaporation of water contained in the vinyl chloride tube was large in the section without the light shielding and the simple aluminum coating, but no significant difference was observed between the other three sections (FIG. 12 (a)). Soil water increased remarkably in the simple aluminum cover area ("shield" and "light" in FIG. 12 (c)) (FIG. 12 (c)). Although the shading did not affect the soil water in the absence of the simple aluminum coating, the soil water decreased for the simple aluminum coating. In the “Hikari” district, the percentage of water stored in the soil out of the water evaporated from the water contained in the vinyl chloride tube was only 6.6%. Seed germination was observed in the simple aluminum coating, but germination was not observed when there was no coating (FIG. 13). The average value in FIG. 13 shows the germination rate (%) of rice.
Therefore, in order to keep the temperature of the cultivation cylinder (E) and the soil (D) which are the plant holding parts according to the present invention low, the aluminum coating is effective, and thereby the soil water can be effectively increased. I understood. Furthermore, it was found that this aluminum coating can collect enough water in the soil to germinate rice seeds.

(Test Example 4: Effect of presence or absence of aluminum coating on cultivation cylinder on evaporation and soil water volume)
<Method>
As shown in FIG. 14, 3% salt water and about 190 g of charcoal (small circle) (B) were placed in a transparent vinyl chloride tube (A) having a height of 20 cm and an inner diameter of 7.8 cm. A non-woven fabric (C) is arranged so as to cover the opening of the cultivation cylinder (E) having a height of 11 cm, and 380 g of soil (D) is packed on the non-woven fabric (C) (the soil is supported by the non-woven fabric (C)). ) This cultivation cylinder (E) was mounted on the top of the vinyl chloride tube (A).
The cylinder was fixed by a joint (F) connecting cylinders having different diameters. A space was provided between the surface of water or salt water contained in the vinyl chloride tube and the nonwoven fabric (C). The device was placed in a glass chamber. The uncoated section was left as it was, but in the aluminum-coated section, the cylinder (E) and the joint (F) were wrapped with aluminum foil (G).
The iteration was 3, performed from 26 September 2007 to 5 December, and measured every 7 days. The measurement was performed between the joint and the vinyl chloride tube, and the upper and lower weights were measured with an electronic balance at 9 am every measurement day. The amount of weight increase in the upper part from the start of the test was calculated, and this was taken as the amount of water absorbed by the soil, and the sum of this and the soil water at the start of the measurement was taken as the amount of soil water. The amount of decrease in the lower part was the amount of evaporation of water contained in the vinyl chloride tube, and the amount of decrease in the total weight of the upper and lower parts was the amount of evaporation from the cylinder (E). In addition, the weight of the water droplet adhering to the inner side of (F) was 2.2 g.

<Result>
The amount of evaporation from the vinyl chloride tube and the cylinder (E) was significantly increased by the aluminum coating (see FIGS. 15A to 15C). At the same time, the amount of soil water was stabilized at a value higher than 70% by aluminum coating. Since the aluminum coating reflects solar radiation, it was estimated that the soil temperature in the cylinder (E) was kept low and the difference from the temperature in the vinyl chloride tube (A) was large. Therefore, a reflective material is suitable as a material for covering the soil, and by reflecting solar radiation, the temperature difference between the vinyl chloride tube and the cultivated soil can be increased and water supply to the crop can be improved.

(Test Example 5: Effect of soil particle size difference on germination of soil water and wheat)
<Method>
As shown in FIG. 16, 3% salt water and about 190 g of charcoal (small circle) (B) were placed in a transparent vinyl chloride tube (A) having a height of 20 cm and an inner diameter of 7.8 cm. A nonwoven fabric (C) is arranged so as to cover the opening of the cultivation cylinder (E) having a height of 11 cm, and the soil (D) is packed on the nonwoven fabric (C) to a height of about 3 cm in the cultivation cylinder (E). (The soil does not spill because it is supported by the nonwoven fabric (C)). This cultivation cylinder (E) was mounted on the top of the vinyl chloride tube (A).
30 seeds of wheat (Norin 61) seed (K) were sown on the soil (D). The soil has three sizes of red or Kanuma soil (Akatama-Large (particle size 13.0-20.0 mm): 70 g, Akadama-medium (particle size 6.6-15.0): 80 g, Akadama soil-small (particle size 1.7 to 6.2 mm): 70 g, Kanuma soil-large (particle size 3.0 to 10.3 mm): 40 g, Kanuma soil-medium (particle size 2.6 to 6.6) mm): 50 g, Kanuma soil-small (particle size 1.5-3.4 mm): 60 g). The cylinder was fixed by a joint (F) connecting cylinders with different diameters. A space was provided between the surface of water or salt water contained in the vinyl chloride tube and the nonwoven fabric (C). In all sections, a circular aluminum foil (G) was placed on the soil. The iteration was 2 and was carried out from 20 September to 1 November 2007 and measured every 7 days. The measurement was performed between the joint and the vinyl chloride tube, and the upper and lower weights were measured with an electronic balance at 9 am every measurement day. The amount of weight increase in the upper part from the start of the test was calculated, and this was taken as the amount of water absorbed by the soil, and the sum of this and the soil water at the start of the measurement was taken as the amount of soil water. The amount of decrease in the lower part was defined as the integrated value of the evaporation amount of the water contained in the vinyl chloride pipe, and the amount of decrease in the total weight of the upper and lower parts was defined as the integrated value of the evaporation amount from the cylinder (E). In addition, the weight of the water droplet adhering to the inner side of (G) was 2.2 g. On the last day, bud germination was investigated.

<Result>
FIG. 17 shows the cumulative evaporation (a) from the vinyl chloride pipe in each soil, the cumulative evaporation (b) from the cylinder, and the soil water (c), and FIG. 18 shows a comparison of the water balance for each soil. Show.
Although the amount of evaporation from the vinyl chloride tube was large between the large and small red clay, there was no significant difference between the other sections (see FIGS. 17A to 17C). Soil water was more red sardine than Kanuma soil. Compared by particle size, both soils were roughly the same for large and medium, and small for them. However, the soil water of Kanuma soil decreased from about 21 days after treatment. From the viewpoint of water balance, 7 to 21 days after the treatment, there was not much difference between the evaporation rate from the cylinder (E) and the evaporation rate from the vinyl chloride tube, and the amount of adsorption to the soil was almost constant. Since 21 days after the treatment, the evaporation rate from the cylinder (E) gradually increased from the evaporation rate from the vinyl chloride tube in the small Kanuma soil (FIG. 18).
The germination rate is better in Kanuma soil than in red crust. Compared with particle size, the germination rate tended to be better as the particle size was smaller (see FIG. 19).
From the above, it was found that the smaller the soil particle size, the higher the water in the soil made of soil having a particle size of 1.5 to 6.2 mm, and the better the germination rate. Also, the evaporation of water contained in the vinyl chloride tube was not affected by the size of the particle size. Therefore, it can be said that the soil water was kept high with small grains because the water adsorbed on the soil was good. In Kanuma soil (small), which has a good germination rate, the soil water dropped from the beginning of germination, but in other wards the soil water was constant.
From the above, it can be said that the amount of water adsorbed on the soil can be increased by using soil having a relatively small particle size as the soil.

It is sectional drawing of the distillation type irrigation apparatus of this invention. It is the perspective view (a) of the distillation type irrigation apparatus of this invention, and sectional drawing (b) and (c) of a part of this perspective view (a). It is the perspective view (a) of the distillation type irrigation apparatus of this invention, and the exploded perspective view (b) of this perspective view (a). It is a perspective view of the distillation type irrigation apparatus of this invention. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the perspective view of FIG. 4. It is a front view of the distillation type irrigation apparatus of this invention. It is a test result of Test Example 1, and shows the effect (b) of charcoal and salt on the daily evaporation rate and the effect (b) of charcoal and salt on the basis of the evaporation rate of water. 6 is a diagram relating to a description of a test method of Test Example 2. FIG. It is a test result of Test Example 2 (first time in 2007), and the aluminum coating is the accumulated evaporation (a) from the vinyl chloride pipe, the accumulated evaporation (b) from the cylinder (E), and the water of the soil (D). The effect on the increase (c) is shown. It is a test result of Test Example 2 (second time in 2007), and the aluminum coating is the accumulated evaporation amount from the vinyl chloride pipe (a), the accumulated evaporation amount from the cylinder (E) (b), and the water of the soil (D) The effect on the increase (c) is shown. FIG. 10 is a diagram relating to a description of a test method of Test Example 3. It is a test result of Test Example 3, and light shielding by a simple aluminum coating and a cold chill increases the accumulated evaporation (a) from the vinyl chloride tube, the accumulated evaporation (b) from the cylinder (E), and the water increase in the soil (D). The influence on the amount (c) is shown. It is a test result of Test Example 3, and shows the influence of light shielding by simple aluminum coating and cold chilling on the germination rate (%) of rice. FIG. 10 is a diagram relating to an explanation of a test method of Test Example 4. It is a test result of Test Example 4, and the presence or absence of the aluminum coating of the cylinder filled with soil indicates the accumulated evaporation (a) from the vinyl chloride pipe (A), the accumulated evaporation (b) from the cylinder (E) and the soil ( The influence which it has on the amount of water (c) of D) is shown. FIG. 10 is a diagram relating to a description of a test method of Test Example 5. It is a test result of Test Example 5, and the difference in soil and particle size is the cumulative evaporation (a) from the vinyl chloride pipe (A), the cumulative evaporation (b) from the cylinder (E), and the water volume of the soil (D) The effect on (c) is shown. It is a test result of Test Example 5, and shows a comparison of water balance for each soil. It is a test result of Test Example 5 and shows the effect of differences in soil particle size on the germination rate of wheat.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... This irrigation device 2 ... Water storage part 3 ... Plant holding part 4 ... Plant 21..Water 22..Evaporation tank 23..Heat absorber 24..Water supply port 25..Drainage Mouth 26 ·· Top plate 27 · · Container 31 constituting water storage portion · · Reflector 32 · · Soil 33 · · Non-woven fabric 34 · · Container constituting plant holding portion

Claims (6)

A water storage section for storing at least water;
The plant is disposed above the water storage unit and includes a plant holding unit for holding a plant.
The distillation irrigation apparatus, wherein the water storage unit has an evaporation tank by forming a space between a water surface of water stored in the water storage unit and a lower end of the plant holding unit.   The distillation irrigation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a heat absorber that absorbs solar radiation heat is disposed in the stored water.   The distillation irrigation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a porous material is disposed on at least a part of a side wall and / or a bottom of the plant holding unit in the evaporation tank.   The distillation type irrigation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an upper surface of the plant holding part is covered with a reflector.   The distillation irrigation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat absorber is charcoal.   6. The distillation irrigation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the outside of the water storage portion is colored in a black line so that the stored water can be absorbed by heat.

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