JP2009166074A - Forging apparatus and forging method - Google Patents
Forging apparatus and forging method Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009166074A JP2009166074A JP2008005754A JP2008005754A JP2009166074A JP 2009166074 A JP2009166074 A JP 2009166074A JP 2008005754 A JP2008005754 A JP 2008005754A JP 2008005754 A JP2008005754 A JP 2008005754A JP 2009166074 A JP2009166074 A JP 2009166074A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、素材を鍛造によって所定の形状に成形するための鍛造装置および鍛造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a forging device and a forging method for forming a material into a predetermined shape by forging.
鍛造は、金属製の素材の少なくとも一部を工具によって押し潰すことで所定の形状に成形する塑性加工法である。鍛造としては、型鍛造と自由鍛造がある。 Forging is a plastic working method in which at least a part of a metal material is crushed with a tool to form a predetermined shape. Forging includes die forging and free forging.
型鍛造では、成形すべき鍛造品の表面形状に合わせた金型によって、素材表面の大部分を同時に加圧あるいは拘束して成形が行われる。特許文献１では、リブに囲まれた複数のウェブを有するウェブリブ形状品を、プレス型鍛造により成形している。プレス型鍛造には、ウェブリブ形状品を成形する凹部を備える金型と、凹部内で上下動可能な複数のスタンプ部と、を備える成形金型が用いられる。素材を凹部の底部に配置し、スタンプ部を素材に個別かつ順次圧入させると、圧縮された素材が凹部とスタンプ部との間にある空間に流動し、各ウェブおよびウェブの周囲のリブが成形される。 In die forging, molding is performed by simultaneously pressing or constraining most of the material surface with a mold that matches the surface shape of the forged product to be molded. In Patent Document 1, a web rib-shaped product having a plurality of webs surrounded by ribs is formed by press die forging. For press die forging, a molding die including a die having a recess for forming a web-rib-shaped product and a plurality of stamp portions movable up and down in the recess is used. When the material is placed at the bottom of the recess and the stamp part is pressed into the material individually and sequentially, the compressed material flows into the space between the recess and the stamp part, and each web and the ribs around the web are molded Is done.
自由鍛造では、平坦または単純な曲面からなる表面をもつ汎用工具を用い、素材の大部分を拘束することなく素材を圧縮して変形させる。特許文献２では、水平に対向する左右一対の金型を用い、タービン羽根素材を成形している。成形の際には、素材の長手方向に繰り返し位置決めをし、素材に対して金型の位置をずらしながら逐次成形を行う。
様々な部品形状や生産量に柔軟に対応できる成形方法、たとえば、部品のＣＡＤデータから自動的に成形工程を作成し、これに基づき部品を製造できる生産システムが望まれている。種々の部品形状に対して成形するには、鍛造において専用の金型を用いず、汎用工具で成形することが望ましい。 A molding method that can flexibly cope with various part shapes and production quantities, for example, a production system that automatically creates a molding process from CAD data of a part and manufactures a part based on the molding process is desired. In order to form various part shapes, it is desirable to form with a general-purpose tool without using a dedicated die for forging.
ところが、特許文献１では、ウェブリブ形状品の形状および寸法に応じた成形金型を用いるため、汎用性が低い。また、特許文献２では、汎用工具を使用するものの、一対の工具により位置をずらしながら繰り返し成形を行うため、素材が多方向に流動する。そのため、目的の形状にするための工程設計が困難である。 However, in patent document 1, since the shaping die according to the shape and dimension of a web rib shape product is used, versatility is low. Moreover, in patent document 2, although a general purpose tool is used, since it shape | molds repeatedly, shifting a position with a pair of tool, a raw material flows in multiple directions. Therefore, it is difficult to design a process for obtaining a target shape.
本発明は、上記の問題点に鑑み、汎用性が高く、工程設計を容易に行うことができる鍛造装置および鍛造方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a forging device and a forging method that have high versatility and can easily perform process design.
本発明の鍛造装置は、素材の一端部を保持する保持具と、該素材の周囲に配置される２以上の側面工具からなる鍛造工具と、を備え、該素材を該鍛造工具で押圧することで該素材を変形させて所定の立体形状を成形する鍛造装置であって、
前記側面工具のうちの少なくとも１つは、前記一端部側から他端部側へと配列されそれぞれ独立に前記素材を押し込み可能な複数の可動片からなり、該可動片により該素材を前記一端部側から順次押し込み得ることを特徴とする。
The forging device of the present invention comprises a holding tool for holding one end of a material, and a forging tool composed of two or more side tools arranged around the material, and pressing the material with the forging tool. A forging device that deforms the material to form a predetermined three-dimensional shape,
At least one of the side tools is composed of a plurality of movable pieces arranged from the one end side to the other end side and capable of pushing the material independently of each other. It can be pushed in sequentially from the side.
本発明の鍛造装置において、側面工具は、それぞれ独立に素材を押し込み可能な複数の可動片からなる。各可動片の押し込み量や押し込み位置を変更することにより、素材を様々な形状に変形させることができるため、汎用性が高い。 In the forging device of the present invention, the side tool is composed of a plurality of movable pieces that can push the material independently. Since the material can be deformed into various shapes by changing the pushing amount and pushing position of each movable piece, the versatility is high.
複数の可動片は、素材が保持される一端部側から他端部側へと配列され、その一端部側から他端部側へと順次素材に押し込まれる。押し込まれた他端部側の素材は、先に素材に押し込まれた一端部側の可動片に堰き止められる。そのため、素材は、主として素材の一端部から他端部へと一方向に流動する。素材の主な流動方向が一方向であれば、多方向に流動する場合に比べ、素材の保持状態、可動片の押し込み条件などを決定する工程設計が容易となる。 The plurality of movable pieces are arranged from one end side where the material is held to the other end side, and are sequentially pushed into the material from the one end side to the other end side. The material on the other end side pushed in is dammed by the movable piece on the one end side pushed in the material first. Therefore, the material mainly flows in one direction from one end of the material to the other end. If the main flow direction of the material is one direction, the process design for determining the holding state of the material, the pushing condition of the movable piece, and the like is easier than in the case of flowing in multiple directions.
また、本発明の鍛造方法は、素材を鍛造工具により押圧して該素材を変形させて所定の立体形状を成形する鍛造方法であって、
前記素材の一端部を保持した状態で、該一端部側から他端部側へと配列されそれぞれ独立に該素材を押し込み可能な複数の可動片からなる前記鍛造工具の第一可動片を該素材に押し込んで該素材を所定の形状に成形する第一押圧工程と、
前記第一押圧工程中あるいは前記第一押圧工程後に、前記第一可動片と隣接する第二可動片により、該第一可動片よりも他端部側の素材を押圧する第二押圧工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする。
The forging method of the present invention is a forging method in which a material is pressed by a forging tool to deform the material to form a predetermined three-dimensional shape,
The first movable piece of the forging tool comprising a plurality of movable pieces that are arranged from the one end side to the other end side and can be pushed independently, while holding one end portion of the material. A first pressing step in which the material is pressed into a predetermined shape;
During the first pressing step or after the first pressing step, a second pressing step of pressing the material on the other end side of the first movable piece by a second movable piece adjacent to the first movable piece;
It is characterized by including.
本発明の鍛造方法は、上記本発明の鍛造装置を用いて実施できる。 The forging method of the present invention can be carried out using the forging device of the present invention.
以下に、本発明の鍛造装置および鍛造方法を実施するための最良の形態を、図を用いて説明する。 The best mode for carrying out the forging apparatus and the forging method of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
［鍛造装置］
本発明の鍛造装置は、素材の一端部を保持する保持具と、素材の周囲に配置される２以上の側面工具からなる鍛造工具と、を備える。なお、図１および図２は本発明の鍛造装置の一例を示す概略図であって、図１は鉛直方向断面図、図２は水平方向断面図である。図１および図２は、本発明の鍛造装置の一例を示すのみであるため、各構成要素の配置や形状は図１および図２に示す形態に限られない。
[Forging equipment]
The forging device of the present invention includes a holding tool that holds one end of a material, and a forging tool that includes two or more side tools arranged around the material. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing an example of the forging device according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view, and FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view. Since FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show only an example of the forging device of the present invention, the arrangement and shape of each component are not limited to the forms shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
本発明の鍛造装置において、素材は、その大部分を拘束せずに保持される。そのため、保持具は、素材の一端部を保持できればよい。たとえば、素材が円柱形状や角柱形状の棒状体であれば、軸方向の一端部を保持できる保持具であればよい。図１では、保持具１は円柱形状の素材Ｍの長手方向の一端部Ｍ１を保持するが、必ずしも素材の長手方向の一端部を保持する必要はなく、素材の一端部および他端部は素材の初期形状および鍛造後の形状に応じて任意に決定することができる。また、図１で保持具１は、円柱形状の素材Ｍの一端部Ｍ１が鉛直方向の上方に、他端部Ｍ０が鉛直方向の下方に位置する、すなわち素材Ｍの中心軸Ｘが鉛直方向と一致するように素材Ｍを保持している。しかし、素材が保持される方向に特に限定はなく、保持具１は、中心軸Ｘが水平となるように素材Ｍを保持してもよい。 In the forging device of the present invention, the material is held without restraining most of the material. Therefore, the holder only needs to be able to hold one end of the material. For example, if the material is a rod-like body having a columnar shape or a prismatic shape, any holder that can hold one end portion in the axial direction may be used. In Figure 1, the holder 1 holds the longitudinal end M 1 of the material M of the cylindrical, not necessarily have to keep one longitudinal end portion of the material, one and the other ends of the material It can be arbitrarily determined according to the initial shape of the material and the shape after forging. The holding device 1 in FIG. 1, the upper end portion M 1 is a vertical direction of the material M of the cylindrical, positioned below the other end portion M 0 is the vertical direction, that is, the central axis X of the material M vertical The material M is held so as to coincide with the direction. However, the direction in which the material is held is not particularly limited, and the holder 1 may hold the material M so that the central axis X is horizontal.
本発明の鍛造装置は、鍛造工具を備える。鍛造工具は、素材の周囲に配置される２以上の側面工具からなる。鍛造工具により素材を押圧することで素材を変形させて、所定の立体形状が成形される。側面工具の形状に特に限定はなく、図２に示すように、素材Ｍを押圧する側面工具２０ａ、２０ｂ、２０ｃおよび２０ｄの端面の形状は、平面であっても曲面であっても、いずれであってもよい。 The forging device of the present invention includes a forging tool. The forging tool is composed of two or more side tools arranged around the material. By pressing the material with a forging tool, the material is deformed to form a predetermined three-dimensional shape. The shape of the side tool is not particularly limited. As shown in FIG. 2, the shape of the end face of the side tools 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d that press the material M may be flat or curved. There may be.
側面工具は、素材の周囲に複数配置される。側面工具が配置される位置に特に限定はないが、素材の一端部と他端部とを結ぶ直線に対して略垂直な同一平面上に配置されるとよい。たとえば、図１および図２に示すように、鍛造工具２が４つの側面工具２０ａ、２０ｂ、２０ｃおよび２０ｄからなる場合、素材Ｍの中心軸Ｘに対して略垂直な同一平面上に中心軸Ｘを中心として９０°毎に配置されるとよい。なお、図１および図２にでは、４つの側面工具からなる鍛造工具が示されているが、側面工具の個数に限定はなく、２〜６個が実用的である。 A plurality of side tools are arranged around the material. Although there is no limitation in particular in the position where a side tool is arrange | positioned, it is good to arrange | position on the same plane substantially perpendicular | vertical with respect to the straight line which connects the one end part and other end part of a raw material. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the forging tool 2 is composed of four side tools 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d, the central axis X is on the same plane that is substantially perpendicular to the central axis X of the material M. It is good to arrange | position every 90 degrees centering on. 1 and 2 show a forging tool composed of four side tools, the number of side tools is not limited, and 2 to 6 are practical.
複数の側面工具のうちの少なくとも１つは、複数の可動片からなる。可動片は、素材の一端部側から他端部側へと配列され、それぞれ独立に素材を押し込み可能である。可動片の寸法や形状に特に限定はないが、板状体であるのが好ましく、厚さ方向に所定の枚数重ね合わされて一つの側面工具をなすのがよい。また、複数の可動片のうち隣接する２つの可動片は、押し込みの際に、互いに摺接する摺接面をもつのが好ましい。なお、図１において、１つの側面工具２０ａは４つの可動片２１ａ〜２４ａからなるが、可動片の個数に限定はない。 At least one of the plurality of side tools includes a plurality of movable pieces. The movable pieces are arranged from one end side to the other end side of the material and can push the material independently. Although there is no particular limitation on the size and shape of the movable piece, it is preferably a plate-like body, and a predetermined number of pieces are preferably stacked in the thickness direction to form one side tool. Further, it is preferable that two adjacent movable pieces among the plurality of movable pieces have sliding contact surfaces that come into sliding contact with each other when pushed. In FIG. 1, one side tool 20a is composed of four movable pieces 21a to 24a, but the number of movable pieces is not limited.
鍛造工具の一部は、素材の変形を拘束する変形拘束工具であるのが好ましい。たとえば、２つの側面工具からなる鍛造工具であれば、２つの側面工具のうちの一方を変形拘束工具、他方を複数の可動片とし、素材を挟んで互いに対向する位置に配置するとよい。また、図１および図２に示すように４つの側面工具２０ａ、２０ｂ、２０ｃおよび２０ｄからなる鍛造工具２を備える場合には、側面工具２０ａおよび２０ｃ、側面工具２０ｂおよび２０ｄ、が素材Ｍを挟んで互いに対向させて配置されるとよい。このとき、側面工具２０ｂおよび２０ｄを変形拘束工具とすれば、側面工具２０ａおよび２０ｃに押圧されて生じる素材Ｍの径方方向への流動（変形）を効果的に抑制できる。 It is preferable that a part of the forging tool is a deformation restraining tool that restrains deformation of the material. For example, in the case of a forging tool including two side tools, one of the two side tools may be a deformation restraining tool and the other may be a plurality of movable pieces, and may be arranged at positions facing each other with the material interposed therebetween. When the forging tool 2 including four side tools 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d is provided as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the side tools 20a and 20c and the side tools 20b and 20d sandwich the material M. It is good to arrange so as to face each other. At this time, if the side tools 20b and 20d are the deformation restraining tools, the flow (deformation) of the material M in the radial direction caused by being pressed by the side tools 20a and 20c can be effectively suppressed.
なお、可動片からなる側面工具であっても、可動片の動作を制御することで変形拘束工具として使用することも可能である。 Note that even a side tool made of a movable piece can be used as a deformation restraining tool by controlling the operation of the movable piece.
可動片は、素材を一端部側から順次押し込み得る。素材の一端部側の可動片が素材に押し込まれた状態で、他の可動片により他端部側が押し込まれればよい。素材の一端部側が先に可動片により押し込まれているため、他端部側を押圧する際の素材の流動が、先に押し込まれた可動片により堰き止められて一方向に制御される。その結果、素材の多方向への流動が抑制され、主として他端部側へ流動させることが可能となる。 The movable piece can sequentially push the material from one end side. What is necessary is just to push in the other end part side by the other movable piece in the state in which the movable piece of the one end part side of the raw material was pushed into the raw material. Since one end portion side of the material is first pushed in by the movable piece, the flow of the material when pressing the other end side is blocked by the previously pushed movable piece and controlled in one direction. As a result, the flow of the material in multiple directions is suppressed, and it is possible to flow mainly to the other end side.
このとき、複数の可動片の１つである第一可動片の押し込み端面の位置は、第一可動片に隣接し他端部側に位置する第二可動片の押し込み端面の位置よりも押し込み方向側に位置するのが好ましい。第一可動片の押し込み端面の位置が、第二可動片の押し込み端面の位置よりも押し込み方向側に位置する位置関係とすることで、第一可動片による流動の堰き止め作用がさらに高まる。 At this time, the position of the pushing end surface of the first movable piece, which is one of the plurality of movable pieces, is pushed in more than the position of the pushing end surface of the second movable piece that is adjacent to the first movable piece and located on the other end side. It is preferably located on the side. Since the position of the pushing end surface of the first movable piece is positioned closer to the pushing direction than the position of the pushing end surface of the second movable piece, the flow blocking action by the first moving piece is further enhanced.
ただし、鍛造後の形状によっては、第一可動片の押し込み端面よりも、第二可動片の押し込み端面の方が、素材の押し込み方向側に位置することもある。その場合には、第一可動片の押し込み端面が所定の位置に達するまで、第一可動片の押し込み端面と第二可動片の押し込み端面との位置関係が上記の位置関係にあればよい。また、上記の位置関係であれば、各可動片は、素材に同時に押し込まれてもよいし、個別に押し込まれてもよい。また、押し込み速度にも特に限定はなく、各可動片を同じ速度で素材に押し込んでもよいし、速度を変えてもよい。 However, depending on the shape after forging, the pushing end surface of the second movable piece may be positioned closer to the pushing direction of the material than the pushing end surface of the first moving piece. In that case, the positional relationship between the pressing end surface of the first movable piece and the pressing end surface of the second movable piece may be in the above-described positional relationship until the pressing end surface of the first movable piece reaches a predetermined position. Moreover, if it is said positional relationship, each movable piece may be pushed into a raw material simultaneously, and may be pushed in separately. The pushing speed is not particularly limited, and each movable piece may be pushed into the material at the same speed, or the speed may be changed.
なお、第一可動片および第二可動片は、１つの側面工具において互いに隣接する可動片であればよい。図１に示す側面工具２０ａの可動片２１ａ〜２４ａを例にすれば、第一可動片および第二可動片は、それぞれ可動片２１ａおよび２２ａ、可動片２２ａおよび２３ａ、可動片２３ａおよび２４ａ、である。 The first movable piece and the second movable piece may be movable pieces adjacent to each other in one side tool. Taking the movable pieces 21a to 24a of the side tool 20a shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the first movable piece and the second movable piece are movable pieces 21a and 22a, movable pieces 22a and 23a, and movable pieces 23a and 24a, respectively. is there.
本発明の鍛造装置は、さらに、可動片の押し込み端面の位置を経時的に制御する制御部を有するのが好ましい。制御部は、それぞれの可動片の押し込み端面が所定の位置に達する（押し込み終了）まで、隣接する少なくとも２つの可動片で素材の押し込みを同時に行うとともに隣接する可動片同士の押し込み端面の位置の差を一定に制御するのが好ましい。あるいは、制御部は、複数の可動片をそれぞれ個別に一定の押し込み量で素材に押し込み、それぞれの可動片の押し込み端面が所定の位置に達するまで繰り返し行わせるのが好ましい。これらの制御ついては、後の［鍛造方法］の欄で詳説する。 The forging device of the present invention preferably further includes a control unit that controls the position of the pushing end surface of the movable piece over time. The control unit simultaneously pushes the material with at least two adjacent movable pieces until the pushing end face of each movable piece reaches a predetermined position (end of pushing), and the difference in the positions of the pushing end faces between the adjacent movable pieces. Is preferably controlled to be constant. Alternatively, it is preferable that the control unit individually pushes the plurality of movable pieces into the material with a certain amount of pushing, and repeatedly performs the pushing until the pushing end surface of each movable piece reaches a predetermined position. These controls will be described in detail later in the section [Forging Method].
なお、本発明の鍛造装置において、保持具は、素材を回転可能に保持するのが好ましい。保持具により素材を回転させることで、側面工具の個数が少ない場合であっても素材を多方向から押圧できる。また、保持具および鍛造工具は、互いに相対移動可能であるのが好ましい。このときの移動方向は、押し込み位置が素材の他端部側へと移動する方向とするとよい。 In the forging device of the present invention, it is preferable that the holder holds the material in a rotatable manner. By rotating the material with the holder, the material can be pressed from multiple directions even when the number of side tools is small. Moreover, it is preferable that the holder and the forging tool are movable relative to each other. The moving direction at this time may be a direction in which the pushing position moves toward the other end side of the material.
［鍛造方法］
本発明の鍛造方法は、素材を鍛造工具により押圧して素材を変形させて所定の立体形状を成形する方法であって、以下に説明する第一押圧工程および第二押圧工程を含む。なお、本発明の鍛造方法には、上記本発明の鍛造装置が好適である。
[Forging method]
The forging method of the present invention is a method of forming a predetermined three-dimensional shape by pressing a material with a forging tool to deform the material, and includes a first pressing step and a second pressing step described below. The forging device of the present invention is suitable for the forging method of the present invention.
第一押圧工程は、素材の一端部を保持した状態で、複数の可動片からなる鍛造工具の第一可動片を素材に押し込んで、素材を所定の形状に成形する工程である。素材の保持については、既に述べた通りである。また、第一可動片の好ましい形態についても、既に述べた通りである。 The first pressing step is a step of pressing the first movable piece of the forging tool composed of a plurality of movable pieces into the material while holding one end portion of the material, thereby forming the material into a predetermined shape. The holding of the material is as described above. The preferred form of the first movable piece is also as already described.
第二押圧工程は、第一押圧工程中あるいは第一押圧工程後に、第一可動片と隣接する第二可動片により、第一可動片よりも他端部側の素材を押圧する工程である。第二可動片の好ましい形態についても、既に述べた通りである。 The second pressing step is a step of pressing the material on the other end side of the first movable piece with the second movable piece adjacent to the first movable piece during the first pressing step or after the first pressing step. The preferable form of the second movable piece is also as described above.
第二押圧工程は、第一可動片の押し込み端面の位置が、第二可動片の押し込み端面の位置より押し込み方向側に位置するように第二可動片で素材を押し込む工程であるのが望ましい。ただし、鍛造後の形状によっては、第一可動片の押し込み端面よりも、第二可動片の押し込み端面の方が、素材の押し込み方向側に位置することもある。その場合には、第一可動片の押し込み端面が所定の位置に達するまで、第一可動片の押し込み端面と第二可動片の押し込み端面との位置関係が上記の位置関係にあればよい。なお、可動片の押し込み端面の位置は、上記の制御部により経時的に制御するとよい。 The second pressing step is preferably a step of pressing the material with the second movable piece so that the position of the pressing end surface of the first movable piece is located on the pressing direction side with respect to the position of the pressing end surface of the second movable piece. However, depending on the shape after forging, the pushing end surface of the second movable piece may be positioned closer to the pushing direction of the material than the pushing end surface of the first moving piece. In that case, the positional relationship between the pressing end surface of the first movable piece and the pressing end surface of the second movable piece may be in the above-described positional relationship until the pressing end surface of the first movable piece reaches a predetermined position. The position of the pushing end surface of the movable piece may be controlled over time by the control unit.
以下に、第一押圧工程および第二押圧工程のさらに望ましい形態を図３または図４を用いて説明する。図３および図４は、本発明の鍛造方法の一例を示す説明図であって、図１および図２に示す鍛造装置によって成形を行う例である。なお、図３および図４は、いずれも素材Ｍの中心軸Ｘ方向の断面図であって、側面工具２０ａ側のみを示す。また、素材Ｍについては、軸方向の位置を一端部側よりＡ〜Ｆ、径方向の位置を表面側からＩ〜ＩＶ（Ｉは素材Ｍの表面）とする。また、図３および図４では、Ａ〜ＦおよびＩ〜ＩＶはそれぞれ等間隔であるが、異なる間隔であっても構わない。 Below, the further desirable form of a 1st press process and a 2nd press process is demonstrated using FIG. 3 or FIG. 3 and 4 are explanatory views showing an example of the forging method of the present invention, and an example in which molding is performed by the forging apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. 3 and 4 are both cross-sectional views of the material M in the direction of the central axis X, and show only the side tool 20a side. For the material M, the axial position is A to F from one end side, and the radial position is I to IV (I is the surface of the material M) from the surface side. 3 and 4, A to F and I to IV are equally spaced, but may be different.
第一押圧工程が終了する前に第二押圧工程が行われる場合には、第二押圧工程は、第一可動片と第二可動片とで素材の押し込みを同時に行うとともに第一可動片の押し込み端面と第二可動片の押し込み端面との位置の差を一定にして第二可動片を押し込む工程であるのが望ましい。以下に、本発明の鍛造方法を用いて素材Ｍを所定の量（位置ＩＶまで）押し延ばす方法を、図３を用いて説明する。 When the second pressing step is performed before the first pressing step is completed, the second pressing step simultaneously pushes the material with the first movable piece and the second movable piece and pushes the first movable piece. It is desirable that the step of pushing the second movable piece with a constant difference in position between the end face and the pushing end face of the second movable piece. Hereinafter, a method of extending the material M by a predetermined amount (up to position IV) using the forging method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
（３−１）はじめに、可動片２１ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ａを、位置Ｉから位置ＩＩまで押し込む。（３−２）可動片２１ａの押し込み端面が位置ＩＩに達したら、可動片２２ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ｂを、位置Ｉから位置ＩＩまで押し込む。可動片２２ａを素材Ｍに押し込むと同時に、可動片２１ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ａを位置ＩＩから位置ＩＩＩまで押し込む。（３−３）可動片２１ａの押し込み端面が位置ＩＩＩに、可動片２２ａの押し込み端面が位置ＩＩに達したら、可動片２３ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ｃを位置Ｉから位置ＩＩまで押し込む。可動片２３ａを素材Ｍに押し込むと同時に、可動片２１ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ａを位置ＩＩから位置ＩＩＩまで押し込む。また、可動片２３ａおよび可動片２２ａを素材Ｍに押し込むと同時に、可動片２１ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ａを位置ＩＩＩから位置ＩＶまで押し込む。（３−４）次に、目的の位置ＩＶに押し込み端面が達した可動片２１ａはそのままに、可動片２２ａ、２３ａおよび２４ａを上記と同様にして素材Ｍに押し込む。なお、押し込み速度を一定とすることで、（３−１）〜（３−４）を通じて、隣接する可動片の押し込み端面の径方向の位置の差を一定とするとよい。 (3-1) First, the position A of the material M is pushed from the position I to the position II by the movable piece 21a. (3-2) When the pushing end surface of the movable piece 21a reaches the position II, the position B of the material M is pushed from the position I to the position II by the movable piece 22a. At the same time that the movable piece 22a is pushed into the material M, the position A of the material M is pushed from the position II to the position III by the movable piece 21a. (3-3) When the pushing end face of the movable piece 21a reaches the position III and the pushing end face of the movable piece 22a reaches the position II, the position C of the material M is pushed from the position I to the position II by the movable piece 23a. At the same time that the movable piece 23a is pushed into the material M, the position A of the material M is pushed from the position II to the position III by the movable piece 21a. At the same time that the movable piece 23a and the movable piece 22a are pushed into the material M, the position A of the material M is pushed from the position III to the position IV by the movable piece 21a. (3-4) Next, the movable pieces 22a, 23a, and 24a are pushed into the material M in the same manner as described above, with the movable piece 21a having reached the target position IV with the pushing end surface intact. In addition, it is good to make constant the difference of the position of the radial direction of the pushing end surface of an adjacent movable piece through (3-1)-(3-4) by making pushing speed constant.
（３−５）素材Ｍの他端までさらに成形したい場合には、素材Ｍを各可動片に対して相対移動させることで可動片２１ａを位置Ｂで素材Ｍと当接させた状態で、可動片２２ａを位置Ｃにおいて位置ＩＩＩからＩＶへ、可動片２３ａを位置Ｄにおいて位置ＩＩから位置ＩＩＩへ、可動片２４ａを位置Ｅにおいて位置Ｉから位置ＩＩへ、それぞれ押し込む。（３−６）さらに、素材Ｍを各可動片に対して相対移動させて可動片２１ａを位置Ｃで素材Ｍと当接させた状態で、可動片２２ａを位置Ｄにおいて位置ＩＩＩからＩＶへ、可動片２３ａを位置Ｅにおいて位置ＩＩから位置ＩＩＩへ、可動片２４ａを位置Ｆにおいて位置Ｉから位置ＩＩへ、それぞれ押し込む。（３−７）可動片２３ａおよび２４ａを上記と同様に個別に位置ＩＶまで押し込むことで、素材Ｍは押し延ばされる。 (3-5) When further forming to the other end of the material M is desired, the material M is moved in a state where the material 21 is in contact with the material M at the position B by moving the material M relative to each movable piece. The piece 22a is pushed from position III to IV at position C, the movable piece 23a is pushed from position II to position III at position D, and the movable piece 24a is pushed from position I to position II at position E. (3-6) Furthermore, the movable piece 22a is moved from the position III to the position IV at the position D while the material M is moved relative to the movable pieces and the movable piece 21a is brought into contact with the material M at the position C. The movable piece 23a is pushed from position II to position III at position E, and the movable piece 24a is pushed from position I to position II at position F, respectively. (3-7) The material M is extended by pushing the movable pieces 23a and 24a individually to the position IV in the same manner as described above.
第一押圧工程が終了後に第二押圧工程が行われる場合には、第二押圧工程は、第二押圧工程の終了後に再び第一押圧工程および第二押圧工程を繰り返し行うのが望ましい。以下に、本発明の鍛造方法を用いて素材Ｍの中心部を所定の量（位置ＩＩＩまで）押し延ばす方法を、図４を用いて説明する。 When the second pressing process is performed after the first pressing process is completed, it is desirable that the second pressing process repeats the first pressing process and the second pressing process again after the second pressing process is completed. Hereinafter, a method of extending the center portion of the material M by a predetermined amount (up to position III) using the forging method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
（４−１）はじめに、可動片２１ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ａを、位置Ｉから位置ＩＩまで押し込む。（４−２）可動片２１ａの押し込み端面が位置ＩＩに達したら、その状態で、可動片２２ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ｂを、位置Ｉから位置ＩＩまで押し込む。（４−３）可動片２２ａの押し込み端面が位置ＩＩに達したら、その状態で、可動片２３ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ｃを、位置Ｉから位置ＩＩまで押し込む。（４−４）可動片２３ａの押し込み端面が位置ＩＩに達したら、その状態で、可動片２４ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ｄを、位置Ｉから位置ＩＩまで押し込む。 (4-1) First, the position A of the material M is pushed from the position I to the position II by the movable piece 21a. (4-2) When the pushing end surface of the movable piece 21a reaches the position II, in this state, the position B of the material M is pushed from the position I to the position II by the movable piece 22a. (4-3) When the pushing end surface of the movable piece 22a reaches the position II, in this state, the position C of the material M is pushed from the position I to the position II by the movable piece 23a. (4-4) When the pushing end surface of the movable piece 23a reaches the position II, in this state, the position D of the material M is pushed from the position I to the position II by the movable piece 24a.
上記のように各可動片をそれぞれ個別に一定の押し込み量で素材Ｍに押し込み、それぞれの第一可動片の押し込み端面が所定の位置に達するまで繰り返し行わせる。すなわち、（４−５）可動片２１ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ａを、位置ＩＩから位置ＩＩＩまで押し込む。（４−６）可動片２１ａの押し込み端面が位置ＩＩＩに達したら、その状態で、可動片２２ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ｂを、位置ＩＩから位置ＩＩＩまで押し込む。（４−７）可動片２２ａの押し込み端面が位置ＩＩＩに達したら、その状態で、可動片２３ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ｃを、位置ＩＩから位置ＩＩＩまで押し込む。（４−８）可動片２３ａの押し込み端面が位置ＩＩＩに達したら、その状態で、可動片２４ａにより素材Ｍの位置Ｄを、位置ＩＩから位置ＩＩＩまで押し込む。 As described above, each movable piece is individually pushed into the material M with a certain pushing amount, and is repeatedly performed until the pushing end face of each first movable piece reaches a predetermined position. That is, (4-5) the position A of the material M is pushed from the position II to the position III by the movable piece 21a. (4-6) When the pushing end surface of the movable piece 21a reaches the position III, in this state, the position B of the material M is pushed from the position II to the position III by the movable piece 22a. (4-7) When the pushing end surface of the movable piece 22a reaches the position III, in this state, the position C of the material M is pushed from the position II to the position III by the movable piece 23a. (4-8) When the pushing end surface of the movable piece 23a reaches the position III, in this state, the position D of the material M is pushed from the position II to the position III by the movable piece 24a.
なお、図３および図４を用いて説明した上記の鍛造方法では、いずれも、各可動片を同じ距離押し込んで、素材Ｍに略平坦な面を形成している。しかし、各可動片の押し込み量を適宜設定することで、所望の凹凸形状をもつ鍛造品を製造することも可能である。また、素材を回転させることで、さらに複雑な形状の鍛造品の製造も可能となる。 In each of the forging methods described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the movable pieces are pushed in the same distance to form a substantially flat surface on the material M. However, it is also possible to manufacture a forged product having a desired concavo-convex shape by appropriately setting the pushing amount of each movable piece. Further, by rotating the material, it becomes possible to manufacture a forged product having a more complicated shape.
本発明の鍛造方法は、素材の多方向への流動が抑制されるため、工程設計を容易に行うことができる。すなわち、あらかじめ定式化された材料流動制御条件（成形品断面形状∝ｆ（ｄ，Ａ，ｄＬ，Ｌ，α，…））を用いて、各可動片の押し込み量ｄ（図３の位置Ｉから所定の位置までの距離に相当）、押し込み面積Ａ（可動片の素材に陥入している部分の断面積）、押し込み端面の形状（平坦または曲面の曲率）、押込み段差ｄＬ（図３の中心軸Ｘから可動片の押し込み端面までの距離に相当）、素材の送り量Ｌ、素材の表面に対する可動片の押し込み角αを決定し、数値制御することにより素材を所定の形状に成形することができる。 Since the forging method of the present invention suppresses the flow of the material in multiple directions, the process design can be easily performed. That is, by using a material flow control condition (molded product cross-sectional shape ∝f (d, A, dL, L, α,...)) Formulated in advance, the pushing amount d of each movable piece (from position I in FIG. 3). (Corresponding to the distance to a predetermined position), push-in area A (cross-sectional area of the portion invaded into the movable piece material), push-in end face shape (flat or curved curvature), push-in step dL (center of FIG. 3) (This corresponds to the distance from the axis X to the pushing end surface of the movable piece), the feed amount L of the material, the pushing angle α of the movable piece with respect to the surface of the material, and the numerical control to form the material into a predetermined shape. it can.
また、可動片による押し込みにより、素材に局所的に大きな歪を付与することが可能となる。そのため、得られる鍛造品の強度が向上し、ひいては、軽量化が期待できる。 Moreover, it becomes possible to give a big distortion to a raw material locally by pushing in with a movable piece. Therefore, the strength of the forged product obtained is improved, and as a result, weight reduction can be expected.
以上、本発明の鍛造装置および鍛造方法の実施形態を説明したが、本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において、当業者が行い得る変更、改良等を施した種々の形態にて実施することができる。 As mentioned above, although embodiment of the forging apparatus and forging method of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. The present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the gist of the present invention, with modifications and improvements that can be made by those skilled in the art.
以下に、本発明の鍛造装置および鍛造方法の実施例を挙げて、本発明を具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples of the forging device and the forging method of the present invention.
［鍛造装置］
本実施例の鍛造装置を図１および図２を用いて説明する。鍛造装置は、保持具１と鍛造工具２とを備える。保持具１は、鍛造装置の上方に設けられ、素材Ｍを鉛直方向下向きに保持する。鍛造工具２は、側面工具２０ａおよび２０ｃからなる。側面工具２０ａおよび２０ｃは、素材Ｍが保持される空間を挟んで互いに対向する位置に設けられる。
[Forging equipment]
The forging device of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The forging device includes a holder 1 and a forging tool 2. The holder 1 is provided above the forging device, and holds the material M downward in the vertical direction. The forging tool 2 includes side tools 20a and 20c. The side tools 20a and 20c are provided at positions facing each other across a space in which the material M is held.
側面工具２０ａおよび２０ｃは、それぞれ独立に素材Ｍを押圧できる４つの可動片２１ａ〜２４ａおよび２１ｃ〜２４ｃを有する。各可動片は、厚さ１０ｍｍ、幅６０ｍｍの板状である。なお、可動片の幅は、押し込む方向に垂直方向の長さである。各可動片の一端は、曲率半径が７０ｍｍで押し込み方向に垂直な方向の接線をもつ曲面からなる押し込み端面をもつ。可動片２１ａ〜２４ａは、鉛直方向上方から下方に向かって２１ａ、２２ａ、２３ａ、２４ａの順に厚さ方向に４枚重ねられて側面工具２０ａをなす。同様に、可動片２１ｃ〜２４ｃは、鉛直方向上方から下方に向かって２１ｃ、２２ｃ、２３ｃ、２４ｃの順に厚さ方向に４枚重ねられて側面工具２０ｃをなす。 The side tools 20a and 20c have four movable pieces 21a to 24a and 21c to 24c that can press the material M independently of each other. Each movable piece has a plate shape with a thickness of 10 mm and a width of 60 mm. The width of the movable piece is the length in the direction perpendicular to the pushing direction. One end of each movable piece has a push-in end surface composed of a curved surface having a radius of curvature of 70 mm and a tangent line in a direction perpendicular to the push-in direction. Four movable pieces 21a to 24a are stacked in the thickness direction in the order of 21a, 22a, 23a, and 24a from the upper side to the lower side in the vertical direction to form a side tool 20a. Similarly, four movable pieces 21c to 24c are stacked in the thickness direction in the order of 21c, 22c, 23c, and 24c from the upper side to the lower side in the vertical direction to form a side tool 20c.
上記の鍛造装置にて鍛造を行った。ただし、素材Ｍには、鋼材の熱間成形時の変形挙動が類似している粘土モデル材を用いた。粘土モデル材の形状は、直径４０ｍｍ×長さ１００ｍｍの円柱とした。円柱の中央部を両側から１０ｍｍずつ押し込んで直径方向の厚さを半分とする成形を行った。 Forging was performed with the forging apparatus described above. However, as the material M, a clay model material having similar deformation behavior at the time of hot forming of a steel material was used. The shape of the clay model material was a cylinder having a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 100 mm. The center part of the cylinder was pressed 10 mm from both sides, and the thickness in the diameter direction was halved.
素材Ｍの軸方向Ｘの一端部を保持具１に装着し、素材Ｍを鍛造装置に固定した。このとき、素材Ｍの軸方向Ｘは鉛直方向と一致し、素材Ｍの中央部を挟んで側面工具２０ａの押し込み端面と側面工具２０ｃの押し込み端面とを対向させた。そして、以下の手順で、側面工具２０ａおよび２０ｃを素材Ｍの径方向への押し込み量が１０ｍｍとなるように押し込んだ。ここで、「押し込み量」は、成形前の素材Ｍの表面と可動片の押し込み端面とを当接させた状態を基準としたとき、素材Ｍの径方向に可動片が押し込まれる距離とする。 One end of the material M in the axial direction X was attached to the holder 1, and the material M was fixed to the forging device. At this time, the axial direction X of the material M coincided with the vertical direction, and the pushing end surface of the side tool 20a and the pushing end surface of the side tool 20c were opposed to each other with the central portion of the material M interposed therebetween. Then, in the following procedure, the side tools 20a and 20c were pushed so that the pushing amount of the material M in the radial direction was 10 mm. Here, the “push-in amount” is a distance by which the movable piece is pushed in the radial direction of the material M, based on the state where the surface of the material M before molding is brought into contact with the pushing end surface of the movable piece.
なお、図１および図２には、変形拘束工具２０ｂおよび２０ｄが示されているが、本実施例では使用しなかった。 Although FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the deformation restraining tools 20b and 20d, they are not used in this embodiment.
［実施例１］
はじめに、可動片２１ａおよび２１ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に１０ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２２ａおよび２２ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に１０ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２３ａおよび２３ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に１０ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２４ａおよび２４ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に１０ｍｍ押し込んだ。
[Example 1]
First, the movable pieces 21a and 21c were pushed 10 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 22a and 22c were pushed 10 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 23a and 23c were pushed 10 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 24 a and 24 c were pushed 10 mm in the radial direction of the material M.
［実施例２］
各可動片の押し込み端面が所定の位置（１０ｍｍ）に達するまで、押し込み量を５ｍｍとして各可動片をそれぞれ個別に素材Ｍに押し込んだ。具体的には、各可動片を以下のように制御した。
[Example 2]
Each movable piece was individually pushed into the material M with a pushing amount of 5 mm until the pushing end surface of each movable piece reached a predetermined position (10 mm). Specifically, each movable piece was controlled as follows.
はじめに、可動片２１ａおよび２１ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に５ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２２ａおよび２２ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に５ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２３ａおよび２３ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に５ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２４ａおよび２４ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に５ｍｍ押し込んだ。 First, the movable pieces 21a and 21c were pushed 5 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 22a and 22c were pushed 5 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 23 a and 23 c were pushed 5 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 24 a and 24 c were pushed 5 mm in the radial direction of the material M.
上記と同様の手順を合計で２回繰り返して行った。 The same procedure as described above was repeated twice in total.
［実施例３］
各可動片の押し込み量を２ｍｍとした他は、実施例２と同様にして各可動片を素材Ｍに順次押し込んだ。
[Example 3]
Each movable piece was sequentially pushed into the material M in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the push amount of each movable piece was set to 2 mm.
具体的には、はじめに、可動片２１ａおよび２１ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に２ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２２ａおよび２２ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に２ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２３ａおよび２３ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に２ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２４ａおよび２４ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に２ｍｍ押し込んだ。 Specifically, first, the movable pieces 21 a and 21 c were pushed 2 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 22a and 22c were pushed 2 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 23 a and 23 c were pushed 2 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 24a and 24c were pushed 2 mm in the radial direction of the material M.
上記と同様の手順を合計で５回繰り返して行った。 The same procedure as above was repeated 5 times in total.
［実施例４］
各可動片の押し込み量を１ｍｍとした他は、実施例２と同様にして各可動片を素材Ｍに順次押し込んだ。
[Example 4]
Each movable piece was sequentially pushed into the material M in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the push amount of each movable piece was set to 1 mm.
具体的には、はじめに、可動片２１ａおよび２１ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に１ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２２ａおよび２２ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に１ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２３ａおよび２３ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に１ｍｍ押し込んだ。その状態で、可動片２４ａおよび２４ｃを素材Ｍの径方向に１ｍｍ押し込んだ。 Specifically, first, the movable pieces 21a and 21c were pushed 1 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 22a and 22c were pushed 1 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 23 a and 23 c were pushed 1 mm in the radial direction of the material M. In this state, the movable pieces 24 a and 24 c were pushed 1 mm in the radial direction of the material M.
上記と同様の手順を合計で１０回繰り返して行った。 The same procedure as described above was repeated 10 times in total.
［実施例５］
可動片の押し込み端面が所定の位置（１０ｍｍ）に達するまで、隣接する可動片同士の押し込み端面の位置の差（押し込み量の差）が常に５ｍｍとなるようにして、各可動片を素材Ｍに押し込んだ。具体的には、各可動片を以下のように制御した。
[Example 5]
Each movable piece is applied to the material M so that the difference in the position of the push-in end face between adjacent movable pieces (the difference in push-in amount) is always 5 mm until the push-in end face of the movable piece reaches a predetermined position (10 mm). I pushed it in. Specifically, each movable piece was controlled as follows.
可動片２１ａおよび２１ｃを所定の速度で素材Ｍの径方向に押し込んだ。可動片２１ａおよび２１ｃが素材Ｍの径方向に５ｍｍ押し込まれたところで、可動片２２ａおよび２２ｃの押し込みを開始した。可動片２１ａおよび２１ｃは、素材Ｍの径方向に１０ｍｍ押し込まれたところで停止させた。可動片２２ａおよび２２ｃが素材Ｍの径方向に５ｍｍ押し込まれたところで、可動片２３ａおよび２３ｃの押し込みを開始した。可動片２２ａおよび２２ｃは、素材Ｍの径方向に１０ｍｍ押し込まれたところで停止させた。可動片２３ａおよび２３ｃが素材Ｍの径方向に５ｍｍ押し込まれたところで、可動片２４ａおよび２４ｃの押し込みを開始した。可動片２３ａおよび２３ｃは、素材Ｍの径方向に１０ｍｍ押し込まれたところで停止させた。そして、可動片２４ａおよび２４ｃも、素材Ｍの径方向に１０ｍｍ押し込まれたところで停止させた。 The movable pieces 21a and 21c were pushed in the radial direction of the material M at a predetermined speed. When the movable pieces 21a and 21c were pushed 5 mm in the radial direction of the material M, the pushing of the movable pieces 22a and 22c was started. The movable pieces 21a and 21c were stopped when 10 mm was pushed in the radial direction of the material M. When the movable pieces 22a and 22c were pushed 5 mm in the radial direction of the material M, the pushing of the movable pieces 23a and 23c was started. The movable pieces 22a and 22c were stopped when 10 mm was pushed in the radial direction of the material M. When the movable pieces 23a and 23c were pushed 5 mm in the radial direction of the material M, the pushing of the movable pieces 24a and 24c was started. The movable pieces 23a and 23c were stopped when 10 mm was pushed in the radial direction of the material M. The movable pieces 24a and 24c were also stopped when 10 mm was pushed in the radial direction of the material M.
なお、押し込み速度は、全ての可動片で同じ速度とし、かつ、押し込み開始から停止まで等速とした。 The pushing speed was the same for all the movable pieces and was constant from the start to the stop.
［実施例６］
隣接する可動片同士の押し込み端面の位置の差（押し込み量の差に相当）を２ｍｍとした他は、実施例５と同様にして、各可動片を素材Ｍに押し込んだ。
[Example 6]
Each movable piece was pushed into the material M in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the difference in the position of the pushing end surface between adjacent movable pieces (corresponding to the difference in pushing amount) was 2 mm.
［比較例１］
素材Ｍに、可動片２１ａ〜２４ａ（側面工具２０ａ）および可動片２１ｃ〜２４ｃ（側面工具２０ｃ）を、一度に１０ｍｍ押し込んだ。
[Comparative Example 1]
The movable pieces 21a to 24a (side tool 20a) and the movable pieces 21c to 24c (side tool 20c) were pushed into the material M by 10 mm at a time.
［評価］
上記の実施例１〜６により得られた成形品をそれぞれ＃０１〜＃０６、比較例１により得られた成形品を＃Ｃ１とした。これらの成形品について、成形後の軸方向の長さおよび軸方向に垂直な最大幅を測定した。結果を図５〜図１３に示す。なお、図５〜図１１は、成形品＃０１〜＃０６および＃Ｃ１を側面から撮影した図面代用写真である。図１２は、押し込み量の差に対する成形後の成形品の幅を示すグラフである。また、図１３は、押し込み量の差に対する成形後の成形品の長さを示すグラフである。
[Evaluation]
The molded articles obtained in Examples 1 to 6 were designated as # 01 to # 06, and the molded article obtained in Comparative Example 1 was designated as # C1. For these molded products, the axial length after molding and the maximum width perpendicular to the axial direction were measured. The results are shown in FIGS. 5 to 11 are drawing-substituting photographs in which the molded products # 01 to # 06 and # C1 are photographed from the side. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the width of the molded product after molding with respect to the difference in indentation amount. Moreover, FIG. 13 is a graph which shows the length of the molded article after shaping | molding with respect to the difference in indentation amount.
全ての可動片が一度に押し込まれた＃Ｃ１では、素材Ｍの幅方向への流動が多かった。一方、＃０１〜＃０６では、＃Ｃ１に比べて素材Ｍの幅方向への流動が抑制され、長さ方向への流動が見られた。また、図１２より、隣接する可動片同士の押し込み量の差が大きい程、素材Ｍの幅方向への流動が抑制されることがわかった。 In # C1 where all the movable pieces were pushed at once, the material M flowed in the width direction. On the other hand, in # 01 to # 06, the flow of the material M in the width direction was suppressed as compared with # C1, and the flow in the length direction was observed. Moreover, it turned out that the flow to the width direction of the raw material M is suppressed, so that the difference of the pushing amount of adjacent movable pieces is large from FIG.
また、押し込み量の差が小さい（本実施例および比較例では４ｍｍ以下）場合には、各可動片の押し込みを個別に繰り返し行う実施例３および実施例４の鍛造方法のほうが、各可動片の押し込みを同時に行う実施例６の鍛造方法よりも、素材Ｍの幅方向への流動が効果的に抑制できた。 In addition, when the difference in pushing amount is smaller (4 mm or less in the present example and the comparative example), the forging methods of Example 3 and Example 4 in which the pushing of each movable piece is individually repeated are more suitable for each movable piece. The flow of the material M in the width direction could be effectively suppressed as compared with the forging method of Example 6 in which the pressing is performed simultaneously.
このように、可動片の押込み条件により素材の流動の方向が大きく変化することが確認された。すなわち、本発明の鍛造装置および鍛造方法によって、素材の流動を一方向に制御できることがわかった。 Thus, it was confirmed that the direction of flow of the material greatly changes depending on the pressing condition of the movable piece. That is, it was found that the flow of the material can be controlled in one direction by the forging device and the forging method of the present invention.
１：保持具
２：鍛造工具
２０ａ、２０ｃ：側面工具
２１ａ、２２ａ、２３ａ、２４ａ、２１ｃ、２２ｃ、２３ｃ、２４ｃ：可動片
２０ｂ、２０ｄ：変形拘束工具
Ｍ：素材
1: Holding tool 2: Forging tools 20a, 20c: Side tools 21a, 22a, 23a, 24a, 21c, 22c, 23c, 24c: Movable pieces 20b, 20d: Deformation constraint tool M: Material
Claims (12)
前記側面工具のうちの少なくとも１つは、前記一端部側から他端部側へと配列されそれぞれ独立に前記素材を押し込み可能な複数の可動片からなり、該可動片により該素材を前記一端部側から順次押し込み得ることを特徴とする鍛造装置。 A holding tool for holding one end of the material, and a forging tool composed of two or more side tools arranged around the material, and the material is deformed by pressing the material with the forging tool. A forging device for forming a predetermined three-dimensional shape,
At least one of the side tools is composed of a plurality of movable pieces arranged from the one end side to the other end side and capable of pushing the material independently of each other. A forging device that can be pushed in sequentially from the side.
前記素材の一端部を保持した状態で、該一端部側から他端部側へと配列されそれぞれ独立に該素材を押し込み可能な複数の可動片からなる前記鍛造工具の第一可動片を該素材に押し込んで該素材を所定の形状に成形する第一押圧工程と、
前記第一押圧工程中あるいは前記第一押圧工程後に、前記第一可動片と隣接する第二可動片により、該第一可動片よりも他端部側の素材を押圧する第二押圧工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする鍛造方法。 A forging method in which a material is pressed with a forging tool to deform the material and form a predetermined three-dimensional shape,
The first movable piece of the forging tool comprising a plurality of movable pieces that are arranged from the one end side to the other end side and can be pushed independently, while holding one end portion of the material. A first pressing step in which the material is pressed into a predetermined shape;
During the first pressing step or after the first pressing step, a second pressing step of pressing the material on the other end side of the first movable piece by a second movable piece adjacent to the first movable piece;
The forging method characterized by including.
前記第一可動片の押し込み端面が所定の位置に達するまで、該第一可動片の押し込み端面と前記第二可動片の押し込み端面との位置の差を一定にして該第二可動片で前記素材を押し込む工程である請求項９記載の鍛造方法。 The second pressing step is performed before the first pressing step is finished,
Until the pushing end surface of the first movable piece reaches a predetermined position, a difference in position between the pushing end surface of the first movable piece and the pushing end surface of the second movable piece is made constant, and the material is used by the second movable piece. The forging method according to claim 9, wherein the forging method is a step of pushing.
該第二押圧工程の終了後に再び該第一押圧工程および該第二押圧工程を繰り返し行う請求項９記載の鍛造方法。 The second pressing step is performed after the first pressing step is finished,
The forging method according to claim 9, wherein the first pressing step and the second pressing step are repeated again after the end of the second pressing step.
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| CN106734816A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 宁波沃特汽车部件有限公司 | The cold-heading pressure mould and forming method of convex tendon class boss stamping parts |
| CN109570414A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-04-05 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of fork muscle class part forming technique and its branch of manufacture pitch muscle class part |
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| JPS5671542A (en) * | 1979-11-15 | 1981-06-15 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Successive die forging method |
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| CN109570414A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-04-05 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of fork muscle class part forming technique and its branch of manufacture pitch muscle class part |
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