JP2009161704A - Apparatus for gasifying gas hydrate and trailer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for gasifying a gas hydrate, in which the gas hydrate can be gasified efficiently and further a gasifying rate can be adjusted easily. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus for gasifying the gas hydrate is provided with: a vessel 3 having a straight drum part 13 and a reverse cone part 15 arranged below the straight drum part 13; an upper stage hot water jetting means 5 which is fitted to the upper part of the vessel 3 in the straight drum part 13 and is used for jetting hot water toward the gas hydrate 2; a middle stage hot water jetting means 7 which is fitted to the vicinity of a boundary between the straight drum part 13 of the vessel 3 and the reverse cone part 15 and is used for jetting hot water so that the gas hydrate agglomerates formed by sticking gas hydrates 2 to one another can be crushed; a lower stage hot water jetting means 9 which is fitted to the lower part of the vessel 3 and is used for jetting hot water so that gas hydrate 2-containing water 4 to be stored in the lower part of the vessel 3 can be agitated; and a water level adjusting means 11 for adjusting a water level in the vessel 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas hydrate gasifier that gasifies solid gas hydrate, and a trailer including a gas hydrate gasifier that can be transported and stored together with gasification.

As is well known, natural gas hydrate (hereinafter referred to as NGH) is an inclusion compound in which natural gas is taken into a space of a cage-like crystal structure formed by water molecules, and is an icy solid substance. . The NGH can embryonated many natural gas NGH1m ³ per about 160 Nm ^3. NGH is stably present at a temperature of about −80 ° C. under atmospheric pressure, and is also known for its self-preserving ability to suppress decomposition at a temperature of about −20 ° C. Compared to liquefied natural gas (LNG) This is advantageous in terms of equipment specifications and handling. From these facts, studies for practical application of each process, apparatus, and system such as production, transportation, and gasification of NGH have been made, and many techniques have been proposed.

  For example, natural gas produced from small and medium-sized gas fields is made into NGH pellets at the gas production location, and this is transported to a receiving base installed at the natural gas consumption location by a transport ship and stored in a storage tank. The NGH stored in the storage tank is sent to a gasifier installed in the receiving base, where it is regasified into natural gas and used as fuel for power generation equipment. Or, using a tank truck or the like, NGH is transported to another consumption place, where NGH is gasified and used for city gas or the like.

  Since NGH is a solid substance, it is necessary to gasify NGH in order to use it as natural gas. NGH can be decomposed into water and natural gas by a simple operation of heating, but NGHs tend to stick together at the time of gasification, so that gasification can be performed efficiently on an industrial scale. It's not easy. For this reason, many gasifiers and gasification methods for efficiently performing NGH gasification have been proposed.

For example, as a gas hydrate gasification apparatus and gasification method, a gasification apparatus having a pulverizer for pulverizing solid gas hydrate in the gasification apparatus (see, for example, Patent Document 1), A gasifier equipped with a pulverizer and a stirrer for pulverizing gas hydrate (see, for example, Patent Document 2), a hollow cylindrical processing container is set horizontally, and gas collides with gas hydrate and gas hydrate in the processing container. A gasifier (see, for example, Patent Document 3), in which a lump that breaks the ice film formed on the surface of the hydrate particles is charged and the processing container main body is rotated while supplying warm water to the processing container, is placed in a container containing NGH. A method of providing a heater and gasifying NGH (see, for example, Patent Document 4) has been proposed.
JP 2006-348193 A JP 2004-75849 A JP 2001-279281 A JP-A-10-238695

  The techniques described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are intended to promote gasification by crushing NGH, but to continuously crush NGH that generates natural gas, which is a combustible gas. In view of the fact that the inside of the gasifier is in a pressurized state, safety, etc., the apparatus is inevitably complicated and large. The technique described in Patent Document 3 also requires the container body to be rotated in order to promote NGH gasification, resulting in a large apparatus. Furthermore, since the container body is rotated, the gas sealing structure becomes complicated. The technique described in Patent Document 4 is simpler in structure than the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, but does not have a function of crushing NGH, so that NGHs are attached to each other. There is a concern that the lump cannot be crushed and the gasification rate decreases. Currently, the development of an NGH gasifier capable of efficiently gasifying NGH by crushing a mass formed by sticking NGHs with a simple apparatus configuration is awaited. Furthermore, it is more preferable if the gasification rate can be easily adjusted. This is the same not only for NGH but also for other gas hydrates.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a gas hydrate gasifier capable of efficiently gasifying a gas hydrate and easily adjusting a gasification rate. It is another object of the present invention to provide a gas hydrate gasifier and trailer that are excellent in convenience.

  The present invention relates to a gas hydrate gasifier for gasifying solid gas hydrate, a container having a straight body part and an inverted cone part provided below the straight body part, and the container The upper heated water injection means for injecting heated water into the gas hydrate and the container in the vicinity of the boundary between the straight body portion and the inverted cone portion of the container are attached to the gas hydrate. Middle stage heating water jetting means for jetting heated water capable of crushing a gas hydrate lump that has been bonded to each other, and water containing gas hydrate attached to the lower part of the container and stored in the lower part of the container A gas hydrate gasifier comprising: lower heating water injection means for injecting heated water capable of stirring the water; and water level adjustment means capable of adjusting the water level in the container.

  Moreover, in the gas hydrate gasification apparatus of the present invention, in addition to the above configuration, the intermediate heating water injection means directly injects heated water into the gas hydrate lump in the gas phase to crush the gas hydrate lump. It is characterized by that.

  The gas hydrate gasifier according to the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to the above configuration, the gas hydrate is a natural gas hydrate.

  The gas hydrate gasifier of the present invention is a portable gas hydrate gasifier capable of transporting and storing solid gas hydrate in addition to gasification, in addition to the above configuration. .

  The gas hydrate gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is a gas hydrate gasifier capable of transporting and storing solid gas hydrate. A trailer comprising the gas hydrate gasifier.

  The gas hydrate gasification apparatus of the present invention is an upper stage heating in which heating water is injected into the gas hydrate on the upper part in the straight body part of a container having a straight body part and a reverse cone part provided below the straight body part. Middle stage heating water jet for jetting heated water capable of crushing gas hydrate lump that gas hydrate adheres to lump in the container near the boundary between water straightening part and reverse cone part of water jet means Means, having a lower heating water jetting means for jetting heating water capable of stirring water containing gas hydrate stored in the lower part of the container at the lower part of the container, so that the heating water is jetted from any heating water jetting means Hydrate can be gasified. Further, the middle heating water injection means can crush the gas hydrate lump, and the gas hydrate gasification device of the present invention further has a water level adjusting means, and the lower heating water injection means includes gas hydrate. Since water can be stirred, gasification of gas hydrate is promoted. As described above, since the heated water injection means having different functions and applications are provided, the gas hydrate can be efficiently gasified, and the gasification rate can be easily adjusted.

  Further, according to the present invention, the middle heating water injection means directly injects heated water into the gas hydrate lump in the gas phase and crushes the gas hydrate lump. Excellent performance. This promotes gasification of the gas hydrate.

  According to the present invention, natural gas hydrate can be used as the gas hydrate.

  According to the present invention, the gas hydrate gasifier of the present invention is a portable gas hydrate gasifier capable of transporting and storing solid gas hydrate in addition to gasification. Gas hydrate can be transported, stored and gasified by the equipment, and users who do not have dedicated facilities can easily use it by transporting this gas hydrate gasifier to users. It becomes possible and is convenient.

  In addition, the trailer of the present invention includes the gas hydrate gasification device capable of transporting and storing solid gas hydrate, so that the gas hydrate can be transported, stored and gasified. By towing it and transporting it to the user, it can be easily used by users who do not have special equipment.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an NGH gasifier 1 as a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the upper injection nozzles 41 of the NGH gasification apparatus 1, and FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the lower injection nozzles 45 of the NGH gasification apparatus 1. The NGH gasifier 1 is a device that gasifies NGH pellets 2 and delivers natural gas at a pressure of 0.1 to 0.3 MPa. The NGH gasifier 1 is installed in containers 3 and 3 that contain pellet-shaped NGH2. Heating water injection devices 5, 7 and 9 for injecting heating water and a water level adjusting device 11 for adjusting the water level in the container 3 are configured.

  The container 3 has a straight barrel portion 13 having a square cross-sectional shape at the top and an inverted pyramid portion 15 provided below the straight barrel portion 13, and the wall surface has a heat insulating structure. The container 3 stores and stores the NGH pellet 2 and serves as a treatment tank when the NGH pellet 2 is gasified to generate natural gas. In the upper part of the container 3, there are an inlet 17 for introducing the NGH pellet 2, a gas delivery pipe 19 for delivering the natural gas generated by the gasification of the NGH pellet 2, and a pressure gauge 21 for detecting the pressure in the container 3. A safety valve 23 for releasing the gas in the container 3 when the pressure in the container 3 rises abnormally is mounted. On the other hand, a water discharge pipe 25 for discharging water generated when gasifying the NGH pellet 2 is attached to the bottom of the container 3.

  The heated water injection devices 5, 7, 9 are attached in the container 3 and have annular heating water supply pipes 27, 29, 31, and a heated water supply pipe 27 having a plurality of injection nozzles 41, 43, 45 for injecting heated water. , 29, 31 are provided with heated water supply pipes 33, 35, 37, 39 for supplying heated water. The annular heating water supply pipes 27, 29, and 31 are different in height from the upper portion of the straight barrel portion 13, the boundary between the straight barrel portion 13 and the inverted pyramid portion 15, and the lower portion of the inverted pyramid portion 15, respectively. Installed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, eight injection nozzles 41 (41a, 41b, 41c, 41d, 41e, 41f, 41g, 41h) are injected downward into the upper annular heating water supply pipe 27. It is so fitted. One spray nozzle 41 can spray the supplied heated water at a wide angle, and the eight spray nozzles 41 can spray the heated water on the entire container 3. The spray nozzle 41 used here does not need to spray heated water at a high speed, and a commercially available spray nozzle capable of spraying heated water at a wide angle can be used. By using a spray nozzle that sprays heated water at a wide angle, the number of spray nozzles can be reduced.

  A plurality of injection nozzles 43 are mounted on the middle annular heating water supply pipe 29. The injection nozzle 43 is attached so that heated water is injected almost horizontally. The injection nozzle 43 used here is an injection nozzle capable of injecting heated water at a high speed. When the NGH pellets 2 stick together and form a lump, the lump is crushed. For this reason, the injection nozzle 43 which can inject heated water intensively with a comparatively narrow injection angle is used. The reason why the middle-stage injection nozzle 43 is installed at the boundary between the straight body portion 13 and the inverted pyramid portion 15 is that the cross-sectional area of the container 3 changes abruptly at this portion, and a bridge is easily generated.

  As shown in FIG. 3, four injection nozzles 45 (45a, 45b, 45c, 45d) are mounted on the lower annular heating water supply pipe 31 so that the heating water is injected almost horizontally. . The spray nozzle 45 used here is a spray nozzle capable of spraying heated water at a high speed, and stirs and mixes the water 4 containing the NGH pellet 2 stored in the inverted pyramid portion 15 of the container 3. For this reason, the injection nozzle 45 which can inject heated water at a high speed with a comparatively narrow injection angle is preferable. In FIG. 3, a counterclockwise swirling flow is created by the four injection nozzles 45, and the water 5 containing the NGH pellets 2 is stirred and mixed. Since the number of the injection nozzles 45 is not particularly limited, it may be determined according to the required stirring intensity.

  Heating water supply pipes 33, 35, and 37 for supplying heating water are connected to the upper, middle, and lower heating water supply pipes 27, 29, and 31, respectively. Further, the heating water supply pipes 33, 35, and 37 are supplied with heating water. Connect to tube 39. Further, remotely operated valves 47, 49, 51 are provided in the middle of each of the heated water supply pipes 33, 35, 37, so that an open / close signal is sent to the valves 47, 49, 51 from a control device (not shown). Thus, the heating water can be ejected from the ejection nozzles 41, 43, 45 at any stage.

  The water level adjusting device 11 includes a water level detector 57 that detects the water level H in the container 3 and a water level adjuster 55 that sends a control signal to a water level adjusting valve 53 provided in the water discharge pipe 25. By these, the water level H in the container 3 can be adjusted to an arbitrary water level.

  The usage example of the NGH gasifier 1 is shown. The pressure in the container is 0.2 MPa. In the container 3, NGH pellets 2 having a temperature of −20 ° C. exhibiting self-storability under atmospheric pressure are stored. When the required natural gas delivery flow rate is small, the NGH pellets 2 are gasified by natural heat input. When the required flow rate of natural gas is large and the amount of heat for gasifying the NGH pellet 2 is insufficient with only natural heat input, heated water is sprayed from the upper spray nozzle 41 toward the NGH pellet 2. As the heating water, tap water of about 10 ° C. to 30 ° C., industrial water, river water, hot water having a high temperature, and the like can be used. The injection amount and the injection frequency of the heated water may be appropriately adjusted according to the required natural gas delivery flow rate. The decomposed water generated along with the gasification of the NGH pellet 2 and the heated water to be supplied flow down to the lower part of the container 3 and are discharged out of the system via the water level adjusting device 11 as necessary.

  Further, when increasing the natural gas delivery flow rate, water is accumulated in the inverted pyramid portion 15 of the container 3, and gasification of the NGH pellet 2 is also promoted in this portion. Further, the heating water is sprayed intermittently or continuously from the middle spray nozzle 43. The water level is adjusted by the water level adjusting device 11 to a height H at which the middle injection nozzle 43 is not immersed in the water 4. When water 4 is stored in the inverted pyramid 15 in the container 3 and then high-speed heated water is jetted from the jet nozzle 45 into the water, the NGH pellets 2 in the water are stirred and mixed. As a result, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the water 4 from decreasing, and heat transfer to the NGH pellet 2 is improved. Further, by stirring and mixing the NGH pellets 2 in water, the NGH pellets 2 come into contact with each other and collide with each other, and the ice film formed on the surface of the NGH pellets 2 is destroyed. These promote gasification.

  Since the upper injection nozzle 41 and the heated water supply / supply pipe 27 are located above the NGH pellet 2, the decomposed water of the NGH pellet 2 enters the upper injection nozzle 41 and the heated water supply pipe 27 and is frozen. Absent. On the other hand, it is also assumed that the decomposition water of the NGH pellet 2 enters and freezes in the middle injection nozzle 43, the heating water supply pipe 29, and the lower injection nozzle 45, and the heating water supply pipe 31. In general, when water freezes in a pipe, the water can be passed only after the frozen ice is melted. In the case of the NGH gasification apparatus 1 shown in the present embodiment, even if the decomposed water of the NGH pellet 2 enters and freezes in the middle injection nozzle 43, the lower injection nozzle 45, and the heating water supply pipes 29 and 31, the upper injection nozzle Since the heated water jetted from 41 flows down, the middle jet nozzle 43, the lower jet nozzle 45, and the heated water supply pipes 29, 31 are heated, so the middle jet nozzle 43, the heated water supply pipe 29, And the ice in the lower injection nozzle 45 and the heating water supply pipe 31 is melted. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a freezing prevention heater. Needless to say, a freeze prevention heater may be provided.

  When the NGH pellets 2 are gasified, it is expected that the decomposed water generated by the gasification operation becomes ice between the NGH pellets 2 and the NGH pellets 2 stick together. In the case of the NGH gasification apparatus 1 shown in the present embodiment, the upper stage is such that heated water is injected into the entire container 3, and the decomposed water and the injected heated water flow down inside the container 3. Hard to occur. Further, since water is stored in the inverted pyramid portion 15 of the container 3 and this water 4 is stirred and mixed, a lump of NGH pellets 2 is hardly generated even in this portion.

  Generally, since the cross-sectional area of the connecting portion between the straight body portion 13 and the inverted pyramid portion 15 of the container 3 changes abruptly, the NGH pellets 2 stick to each other and easily form a bridge. However, in this NGH gasification apparatus 1, the injection nozzle 43 which can crush the lump of NGH pellet 2 is arrange | positioned in the part which NGH pellet 2 tends to stick together lump, and heated water is sprayed intermittently or continuously. Therefore, the occurrence of bridge can be suppressed. If the middle injection nozzle 43 is submerged in the water, the water 4 becomes a resistance and the impact force of the heating water on the NGH pellet 2 is weakened, but the water level H is high so that the middle injection nozzle 43 is not immersed in the water 4. Therefore, the middle injection nozzle 43 can give a large impact force to the NGH pellet 2. Further, the heated water is injected from the middle injection nozzle 43 in a state where the heated water is accumulated in the inverted pyramid portion 15, so that the crushed NGH pellet 2 is directly applied to the lower injection nozzle 45 and the heating water supply pipe 31. Since they do not collide, they are not damaged or deformed.

  The other usage example of the NGH gasification apparatus 1 is shown. The pressure in the container is 0.2 MPa. In the container 3, NGH pellets 2 having a temperature of −20 ° C. exhibiting self-storability under atmospheric pressure are stored. When the decomposition of the NGH pellet 2 proceeds and the height of the NGH pellet 2 is a little higher than the middle injection nozzle 43, the water level H stored in the container 3 is set to a height at which the entire NGH pellet 2 is immersed, Heating water is jetted from the middle jet nozzle 43 and the lower jet nozzle 45. At this time, the middle spray nozzle 43 is used for stirring and mixing of the water containing the NGH pellet 2 rather than crushing the lump of the NGH pellet 2. Thereby, gasification of the NGH pellet 2 can be performed efficiently and quickly.

  Since the NGH gasification apparatus 1 includes the injection nozzles 41, 43, and 45 mounted on the upper, middle, and lower stages having different functions and applications as described above, it is possible to gasify the NGH pellet 2 efficiently and quickly. is there. Furthermore, various gasification operations can be performed, and the gasification rate can be easily adjusted. In addition, unlike the conventional gasifier, the NGH gasifier 1 of the present invention does not require the use of a stirring blade or rotate the container to stir and mix the water stored in the container. Is very easy. Furthermore, the structure of the apparatus is relatively simple and can be manufactured at low cost. In addition, although the example which uses a container with a square cross section was shown in the said embodiment, it cannot be overemphasized that the cross-sectional shape of a container may be a circle, and the gas pressure to deliver is not specifically limited. Of course, the extracted water may be heated and used as heated water.

  FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration of an NGH tank truck 100 including a trailer 104 as a second embodiment of the present invention. The NGH tank lorry 100 is a trailer type tank lorry, and includes a tractor 102 and a trailer 104 which are towing vehicles. The trailer 104 is provided with a total of eight NGH gasifiers 1 (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) shown in FIG. 1 capable of accommodating and storing NGH pellets 2 and four on the near side. The NGH gasifier 1 includes the heated water injection devices 5, 7, and 9 and functions as a gasifier, and also functions as a tank that accommodates and stores the NGH pellets 2.

  The usage example of NGH tank truck 100 is shown. After draining the water accumulated in the piping from drainage (not shown) provided in the heating water supply piping 27, 29, 31, the inside of the container 3 is purged with nitrogen gas or natural gas as necessary, The container 3 is filled with NGH pellets 2. The filling of NGH pellets is performed at a receiving base having an NGH pellet storage facility and an NGH pellet manufacturing base. After the NGH pellet 2 is filled, the NGH tank truck 100 is attached to the natural gas demand destination and the trailer 104 is cut off. The gas delivery pipe 19 of the NGH gasification apparatus 1 is connected to a gas holder (not shown) at the demand destination, the NGH pellet 2 is decomposed and gasified, and natural gas is delivered.

  The NGH tank truck 100 is excellent in convenience because it can separate the tractor 102 and the trailer 104, which are towing vehicles, and leave only the trailer 104 at a demand destination. Furthermore, since the container 3 of the NGH gasification apparatus 1 also functions as a storage tank for the NGH pellets 2, it is possible to carry, store and gasify with a single apparatus, and the equipment cost is small and the operability is improved. But it ’s excellent.

  In this embodiment, although the example which uses an NGH pellet was shown, shape and a size are not specifically limited for NGH which can be utilized for this invention, What is necessary is just solid NGH. Furthermore, the gas hydrate gasification apparatus and gas hydrate gasification of the present invention are used for storage, transportation and gasification of gas hydrates other than NGH, for example, gas hydrates of methane, ethane, propane, butane, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof. It goes without saying that a trailer with a device can be used.

The schematic structure of the NGH gasification apparatus 1 as 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown. It is a top view which shows arrangement | positioning of the upper stage injection | spray nozzle 41 of the NGH gasification apparatus 1 of FIG. It is a top view which shows arrangement | positioning of the lower stage injection nozzle 45 of the NGH gasification apparatus 1 of FIG. The schematic structure of the NGH tank truck 100 provided with the trailer 104 as 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 NGH gasification apparatus 2 NGH pellet 3 Container 4 Water 5 Heating water injection apparatus 7 Heating water injection apparatus 9 Heating water injection apparatus 11 Water level adjustment apparatus 13 Straight trunk part 15 Inverted pyramid part 25 Water discharge pipe 27 Heating water supply piping 29 Heating Water supply pipe 31 Heated water supply pipe 41 Injection nozzle 43 Injection nozzle 45 Injection nozzle 53 Water level control valve 55 Water level controller 100 NGH tank truck 104 Trailer

Claims (5)

A gas hydrate gasifier for gasifying solid gas hydrate,
A container having a straight body part and a reverse cone part provided below the straight body part;
An upper stage heating water injection means attached to the upper part of the straight body of the container and injecting heating water into the gas hydrate;
Middle stage heating water injection that is mounted in a container near the boundary between the straight body part and the inverted cone part of the container and injects heating water that can crush the gas hydrate lump that is a lump of gas hydrates. Means,
Lower heating water injection means for injecting heated water capable of stirring water containing gas hydrate stored in the lower part of the container and stored in the lower part of the container;
A water level adjusting means capable of adjusting the water level in the container;
A gas hydrate gasifier characterized by comprising:   2. The gas hydrate gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the middle stage heating water injection unit directly injects heated water onto the gas hydrate lump in the gas phase to crush the gas hydrate lump. 3. .   The gas hydrate gasifier according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas hydrate is natural gas hydrate.   The gas hydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is a portable gas hydrate gasifier capable of transporting and storing solid gas hydrate in addition to gasification. Rate gasifier.   Furthermore, the gas hydrate gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is a gas hydrate gasifier capable of transporting and storing solid gas hydrate, and the gas hydrate. A trailer comprising a gasifier.

Images