JP2009153233A - Stored power amount equalizer for battery packs - Google Patents

Stored power amount equalizer for battery packs Download PDF

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JP2009153233A
JP2009153233A JP2007326233A JP2007326233A JP2009153233A JP 2009153233 A JP2009153233 A JP 2009153233A JP 2007326233 A JP2007326233 A JP 2007326233A JP 2007326233 A JP2007326233 A JP 2007326233A JP 2009153233 A JP2009153233 A JP 2009153233A
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detection line
voltage detection
voltage
terminals
unit cell
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JP5106084B2 (en
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Yukio Kadota
行生 門田
Asami Mizutani
麻美 水谷
Takashi Domoto
貴史 堂元
Ryuichi Morikawa
竜一 森川
Shinichiro Kosugi
伸一郎 小杉
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Toshiba Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently charge each electric cell comprising a battery pack. <P>SOLUTION: A power storage device uses a battery pack obtained by connecting multiple electric cells in series. The power storage device is provided with a voltage detection line obtained by connecting a current limiting means and a Zener diode in parallel between the terminals of each electric cell and pulling out a detection line. The voltage between the terminals of each electric cell is detected from a voltage detection line and an electric cell low in amount of stored power is charged from a voltage detection line. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、組電池を充電する蓄積電力量均等化装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an accumulated power amount equalizing apparatus for charging an assembled battery.

近年、複数の単電池を直列に接続した組電池が様々な分野で用いられている。このような組電池は、寿命の観点から、単電池それぞれの電圧のばらつきが問題となる。また、それぞれの単電池に対して、過充電しないように、適切な処理を施すことが重要視されている。   In recent years, assembled batteries in which a plurality of single cells are connected in series have been used in various fields. In such an assembled battery, there is a problem of variations in voltage of each single cell from the viewpoint of life. Further, it is important to perform appropriate processing so that each unit cell is not overcharged.

従来の装置は、組電池とは別に予備２次電池を設け、組電池を構成する各単電池の端子間電圧を検知して、端子間電圧が低い単電池にのみ予備２次電池を端子間電圧が所定の水準になるまで電流制限手段を介して選択並列接続して、端子間電圧の低い単電池に予備２次電池により充電することで蓄積電力量均等化することを特徴としている。(例えば特許文献１参照)。
特開２０００―２３３８１号公報 In the conventional apparatus, a spare secondary battery is provided separately from the assembled battery, the voltage between terminals of each single battery constituting the assembled battery is detected, and the spare secondary battery is connected between the terminals only for the single battery having a low terminal voltage. It is characterized in that the amount of stored power is equalized by selectively connecting in parallel through current limiting means until the voltage reaches a predetermined level, and charging a single battery having a low voltage between terminals with a spare secondary battery. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-23381

しかしながら、特許文献１に記載された装置は、組電池とは別に予備２次電池を用いて、組電池を構成する各単電池の端子間電圧を調整するため、この予備２次電池の端子間電圧や温度状態を監視して安全に運用する必要があり、回路は複雑化する問題があった。   However, the apparatus described in Patent Document 1 uses a spare secondary battery separately from the battery pack to adjust the voltage between the terminals of each unit cell constituting the battery pack. It is necessary to monitor the voltage and temperature state for safe operation, and there is a problem that the circuit becomes complicated.

そこで、本発明の目的は、組電池を構成する各単電池を効率よく充電することである。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to efficiently charge each single battery constituting the assembled battery.

上記課題を解決するために、組電池を構成する各単電池を充電するため、電流制限抵抗とツェナーダイオードを並列に接続してから検出線を引き出した電圧検出線を備え、電圧検出線から各単電池の端子間電圧を検出するとともに、蓄積電力量の少ない単電池はこの電圧検出線から充電する。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in order to charge each unit cell constituting the assembled battery, a current detection resistor and a Zener diode are connected in parallel, and then a detection line is provided and a voltage detection line is provided. While detecting the voltage between the terminals of the unit cell, the unit cell with a small amount of stored power is charged from this voltage detection line.

本発明の実施形態に係る蓄積電力量均等化装置は、単電池を複数個直列接続した組電池を用いた蓄電装置において、各単電池の端子間に電流制限手段とツェナーダイオードを並列に接続してから検出線を引き出した電圧検出線を備え、各単電池の端子間電圧を電圧検出線から検出するとともに、蓄積電力量の少ない単電池は電圧検出線から充電する。   In a power storage device using an assembled battery in which a plurality of cells are connected in series, a stored power amount equalizing device according to an embodiment of the present invention connects a current limiting means and a Zener diode in parallel between the terminals of each cell. In addition, a voltage detection line from which the detection line is drawn is provided, and the voltage between the terminals of each single battery is detected from the voltage detection line, and the single battery with a small amount of stored power is charged from the voltage detection line.

また、本発明の実施形態に係る蓄積電力量均等化装置は、単電池を複数個直列接続した組電池を用いた蓄電装置において、各単電池の端子間に電流制限手段とダイオードを並列に接続してから検出線を引き出した電圧検出線と、各単電池の端子間からダイオードとロータリースイッチを介して接続される充電線を備え、各単電池の端子間電圧を電圧検出線から検出するとともに、蓄積電力量の少ない単電池は電圧検出線と充電線から充電する。   Further, the stored power amount equalizing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is a power storage device using an assembled battery in which a plurality of cells are connected in series, and a current limiting means and a diode are connected in parallel between the terminals of each cell. And a charging line connected between the terminals of each unit cell via a diode and a rotary switch, and detects the voltage between the terminals of each unit cell from the voltage detection line. A cell with a small amount of stored power is charged from the voltage detection line and the charging line.

本発明の実施形態に係る蓄積電力量均等化装置は、電圧検出線を介した短絡事故時に対して短絡電流を制限して各単電池を過電流から保護するとともに、外部電源等を用いて電圧検出線から容量の少ない単電池を短時間で充電することができる。また、組電池の各単電池間にて蓄積電力量のばらつきが生じたときに蓄積電力量の少ない電池を簡単に充電して蓄積電力量を均等化することができる。   The stored power amount equalizing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention protects each single cell from overcurrent by limiting the short-circuit current in the event of a short-circuit accident through the voltage detection line, and using an external power source or the like A single battery having a small capacity can be charged from the detection line in a short time. In addition, when there is a variation in the amount of stored electric power among the individual cells of the assembled battery, it is possible to easily charge a battery with a small amount of stored power and equalize the stored power.

本発明の第１の実施例について図１を用いて説明する。図１において、蓄積電力量均等化装置は、単電池１、組電池２、電流制限手段３、ツェナーダイオード４、電圧検出線５、電圧検出端子６、正電極７、負電極８を有する。   A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, the stored power amount equalizing apparatus includes a single battery 1, a battery pack 2, a current limiting unit 3, a Zener diode 4, a voltage detection line 5, a voltage detection terminal 6, a positive electrode 7, and a negative electrode 8.

破線で囲まれた部分は、単電池１を複数個（ここでは４個）直列に接続してなる組電池２である。電圧検出線５は、各単電池２の端子間電圧を検出することを目的に、単電池１の端子間と、単電池１と正電極７の間もしくは単電池１と負電力８の間に接続される。電圧検出線５の出力側は電圧検出端子６と接続され、簡単に外部装置へ電圧情報を出力できる構造となっている。   A portion surrounded by a broken line is an assembled battery 2 formed by connecting a plurality of (in this case, four) unit cells 1 in series. The voltage detection line 5 is used to detect the voltage between the terminals of each cell 2, between the cells 1, between the cell 1 and the positive electrode 7, or between the cell 1 and the negative power 8. Connected. The output side of the voltage detection line 5 is connected to the voltage detection terminal 6 so that voltage information can be easily output to an external device.

電圧検出端子６の外部に接続される電圧検出装置の故障、外部装置への接続ミスや電圧計測時のプローブ接触といった人為的ミスにより、電圧検出端子６の外部は電圧検出線５を介して単電池１を短絡させる可能性がある。したがって、電流制限手段３を電圧検出線４の単電池１側に接続することで、電圧検出線５を介した単電池１の短絡で単電池１および電圧検出線５に過大な電流が流れることを防ぐことができる。   The outside of the voltage detection terminal 6 is simply connected via the voltage detection line 5 due to a human error such as a failure of the voltage detection device connected to the outside of the voltage detection terminal 6, a connection error to the external device, or a probe contact at the time of voltage measurement. There is a possibility that the battery 1 is short-circuited. Therefore, by connecting the current limiting means 3 to the unit cell 1 side of the voltage detection line 4, an excessive current flows through the unit cell 1 and the voltage detection line 5 due to a short circuit of the unit cell 1 through the voltage detection line 5. Can be prevented.

しかし、この電圧検出線５を用いて蓄積電力量の少ない電池１を充電しようとすると、電流制限手段３が短絡電流を制限したのと同様に充電電流も制限してしまい微小な充電電流しか単電池１に流すことができない。   However, if it is attempted to charge the battery 1 with a small amount of stored power using the voltage detection line 5, the charging current is limited in the same manner as the current limiting means 3 limits the short-circuit current, so that only a small charging current is required. The battery 1 cannot flow.

そこで、電流制限手段３と並列にツェナーダイオード４を接続して電圧検出線５を介して単電池１を充電する。ツェナーダイオード４の動作電圧レベルを単電池１の満充電レベルより大きい電圧値とすれば、電圧検出線1を介する単電池1の短絡を防止しつつ、単電池1とツェナーダイオード４の和以上の電圧を外部から印加することで単電池１を電圧検出線５から充電できる。   Therefore, the zener diode 4 is connected in parallel with the current limiting means 3 and the unit cell 1 is charged via the voltage detection line 5. If the operating voltage level of the Zener diode 4 is set to a voltage value larger than the full charge level of the unit cell 1, the short circuit of the unit cell 1 through the voltage detection line 1 is prevented and the sum of the unit cell 1 and the Zener diode 4 is exceeded. The cell 1 can be charged from the voltage detection line 5 by applying a voltage from the outside.

単電池１を充電する場合を例にして、具体的に説明する。具体的には、充電対象の単電池１の正電極７側に接続された電圧検出線５が接続されている電圧検出端子６に外部機器である充電器のプラス電極を接続し、また、負電極８側に接続された電圧検出線５が接続されている電圧検出端子６に外部機器である充電器のマイナス電極を接続する。   The case where the unit cell 1 is charged will be specifically described as an example. Specifically, the positive electrode of the charger, which is an external device, is connected to the voltage detection terminal 6 to which the voltage detection line 5 connected to the positive electrode 7 side of the unit cell 1 to be charged is connected. A negative electrode of a charger as an external device is connected to a voltage detection terminal 6 to which a voltage detection line 5 connected to the electrode 8 side is connected.

充電器のプラス電極とマイナス電極の電圧検出端子６または負電極８への接続の切換は、それぞれの単電池１の端子間電圧に応じて、外部機器によって電気的または機械的に切換タイミングおよび充電器で充電する電圧も制御されている。   The switching of the connection between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the charger to the voltage detection terminal 6 or the negative electrode 8 is performed according to the voltage between the terminals of each unit cell 1 by an external device electrically or mechanically and the charging timing. The voltage charged by the battery is also controlled.

外部機器としての充電器が充電電圧を単電池１に印加したとき、正電極７側のツェナーダイオード４は順バイアスにて電流を導通するので並列に接続する電流制限手段３で電流制限を受けることなく充電電流を流し、負電極８側のツェナーダイオード４は逆バイアスとなり、並列に接続された電流制限手段３により充電電流は制限を受ける。   When a charger as an external device applies a charging voltage to the unit cell 1, the Zener diode 4 on the positive electrode 7 side conducts a current with a forward bias, so that the current limiting means 3 connected in parallel receives a current limitation. The Zener diode 4 on the negative electrode 8 side is reverse-biased and the charging current is limited by the current limiting means 3 connected in parallel.

ここで、負電極８側のツェナーダイオード４に動作電圧レベル以上の電圧が生じるとツェナーダイオード４は導通状態に変化して充電電流が流れるようになる。ツェナーダイオード４の動作電圧レベルを単電池１の満充電レベルより大きい電圧値としているため、単電池１が満充電状態で電圧検出線５を介して短絡しても、逆バイアス状態となるツェナーダイオード４は導通せず、電流制限手段３が働くので短絡電流は制限される。   Here, when a voltage equal to or higher than the operating voltage level is generated in the Zener diode 4 on the negative electrode 8 side, the Zener diode 4 changes to a conductive state and a charging current flows. Since the operating voltage level of the Zener diode 4 is set to a voltage value larger than the full charge level of the unit cell 1, even if the unit cell 1 is short-circuited through the voltage detection line 5 in the full charge state, the Zener diode that is in the reverse bias state 4 does not conduct and the current limiting means 3 works, so the short circuit current is limited.

これにより、蓄積電力量の少ない単電池１について、電圧検出線５を介して外部機器としての充電器で充電することができ、それぞれの単電池１について簡単に蓄積電力量の均等化を図ることができる。   As a result, the unit cells 1 with a small amount of stored power can be charged by the charger as an external device via the voltage detection line 5, and the stored power amount can be easily equalized for each unit cell 1. Can do.

ここで、図１に示すような並列に接続されたツェナーダイオード４と電流制限手段３との組み合わせた回路のうち、回路Iと回路IVを取り除いて、回路IIと回路IIIを残した場合であっても同様の効果が得られる。   Here, the circuit I and the circuit IV are removed from the combined circuit of the zener diode 4 and the current limiting means 3 connected in parallel as shown in FIG. 1, and the circuit II and the circuit III are left. However, the same effect can be obtained.

本発明の第２の実施例について図２を用いて説明する。図２において、蓄積電力量均等化装置は、図１に示す第１の実施例の蓄積電力量均等化装置について、電流制限手段３と並列に接続されたツェナーダイオード４をダイオード９に置き換え、さらに、単電池１と単電池１の端子間からダイオード１０を順方向に接続し、さらに、充電線１１、ロータリースイッチ１２、充電端子１３を有している。その他は、図１と同じである。   A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 2, the stored power amount equalizing apparatus replaces the Zener diode 4 connected in parallel with the current limiting means 3 with a diode 9 in the stored power amount equalizing apparatus of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The diode 10 is connected in the forward direction from between the terminals of the unit cell 1 and the unit cell 1, and further includes a charging line 11, a rotary switch 12, and a charging terminal 13. Others are the same as FIG.

ダイオード９は図１のツェナーダイオード４から変更して接続する。電流は、電圧検出端子６から組電池２へ流れる。   The diode 9 is changed from the Zener diode 4 of FIG. The current flows from the voltage detection terminal 6 to the assembled battery 2.

ロータリースイッチ１２の入力側は充電線１１とダイオード１０を介して単電池１の端子間に接続する。ロータリースイッチ１２の出力側は充電端子１３と接続し、この充電端子１３は間違って正電極７や負電極８、また電圧検出端子６と短絡させることの無いよう十分な間隔を持って配置する。   The input side of the rotary switch 12 is connected between the terminals of the unit cell 1 via the charging line 11 and the diode 10. The output side of the rotary switch 12 is connected to the charging terminal 13, and the charging terminal 13 is arranged with a sufficient interval so as not to be short-circuited with the positive electrode 7, the negative electrode 8, or the voltage detection terminal 6.

単電池１の充電は、充電対象単電池１の正電極７側に接続された電圧検出線５が接続されている電圧検出端子６に外部機器である充電器のプラス電極を接続し、充電器のマイナス電極は充電端子１３に接続して、充電器のマイナス端子と充電対象単電池１の負極端子がつながるようロータリースイッチ１２を切替える。   The battery 1 is charged by connecting a positive electrode of a charger, which is an external device, to the voltage detection terminal 6 to which the voltage detection line 5 connected to the positive electrode 7 side of the charging target battery 1 is connected. The negative electrode is connected to the charging terminal 13, and the rotary switch 12 is switched so that the negative terminal of the charger and the negative terminal of the unit cell 1 to be charged are connected.

この状態で充電器から充電することで、電圧検出線５および充電線１１には順バイアスのダイオードしかなく、蓄電電力量の小さな充電対象単電池を大きな電流で充電することが可能となる。   By charging from the charger in this state, the voltage detection line 5 and the charging line 11 have only forward-biased diodes, and it becomes possible to charge a single cell to be charged with a small amount of stored power with a large current.

正電極７もしくは負電極８に接した単電池１は正電極７もしくは負電極８を充電線として使用する。電圧検出線５や電圧検出端子６で短絡した場合は、電流制限手段３で短絡電流は制限される。また充電線１１やロータリースイッチ１２で短絡した場合は、ダイオード９が逆バイアスとなるので短絡電流は流れない。ロータリースイッチ１２の入力端子は単電池１の電極に接続されないオープン端子を用意し、充電しない場合はロータリースイッチ１２をオープン端子に接続しておくと、充電端子１３は短絡状態にならず安全性が向上する。   The unit cell 1 in contact with the positive electrode 7 or the negative electrode 8 uses the positive electrode 7 or the negative electrode 8 as a charging line. When the voltage detection line 5 or the voltage detection terminal 6 is short-circuited, the short-circuit current is limited by the current limiting means 3. When the charging line 11 or the rotary switch 12 is short-circuited, the short-circuit current does not flow because the diode 9 is reverse biased. As an input terminal of the rotary switch 12, an open terminal that is not connected to the electrode of the unit cell 1 is prepared. When charging is not performed, if the rotary switch 12 is connected to the open terminal, the charging terminal 13 is not short-circuited and safety is ensured. improves.

上記説明したように、蓄積電力量の少ない単電池１を電圧検出線５から充電することができ、簡単に蓄積電力量の均等化を図ることができる。   As described above, the unit cell 1 with a small amount of stored power can be charged from the voltage detection line 5, and the amount of stored power can be easily equalized.

なお、本願発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々に変形することが可能である。また、各実施形態は可能な限り適宜組み合わせて実施してもよく、その場合組み合わせた効果が得られる。更に、上記実施形態には種々の段階の発明が含まれており、開示される複数の構成要件における適当な組み合わせにより種々の発明が抽出され得る。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要件からいくつかの構成要件が削除されても、発明が解決しようとする課題の欄で述べた課題が解決でき、発明の効果の欄で述べられている効果が得られる場合には、この構成要件が削除された構成が発明として抽出され得る。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, the embodiments may be appropriately combined as much as possible, and in that case, the combined effect can be obtained. Further, the above embodiments include inventions at various stages, and various inventions can be extracted by appropriately combining a plurality of disclosed constituent elements. For example, even if some constituent requirements are deleted from all the constituent requirements shown in the embodiment, the problem described in the column of the problem to be solved by the invention can be solved, and the effect described in the column of the effect of the invention Can be obtained as an invention.

本発明の第１の実施例を示す蓄積電力量均等化装置の回路構成図。1 is a circuit configuration diagram of an accumulated power amount equalizing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第２の実施例を示す蓄積電力量均等化装置の回路構成図。The circuit block diagram of the stored electric energy equalization apparatus which shows the 2nd Example of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…単電池、２…組電池、３…電流制限手段、４…ツェナーダイオード、５…電圧検出線、６…電圧検出端子、７…正電極、８…負電極、９…ダイオード、１０…ダイオード、１１…充電線、１２…ロータリースイッチ、１３…充電端子。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Single cell, 2 ... Assembly battery, 3 ... Current limiting means, 4 ... Zener diode, 5 ... Voltage detection line, 6 ... Voltage detection terminal, 7 ... Positive electrode, 8 ... Negative electrode, 9 ... Diode, 10 ... Diode , 11 ... charging line, 12 ... rotary switch, 13 ... charging terminal.

Claims (2)

単電池を複数個直列接続した組電池を用いた蓄電装置において、
各単電池の端子間に電流制限手段とツェナーダイオードを並列に接続してから検出線を引き出した電圧検出線を備え、
各単電池の端子間電圧を電圧検出線から検出するとともに、蓄積電力量の少ない単電池は電圧検出線から充電することを特徴とする組電池の蓄積電力量均等化装置。 In a power storage device using an assembled battery in which a plurality of cells are connected in series,
Provided with a voltage detection line in which the detection line is drawn out after connecting the current limiting means and the Zener diode in parallel between the terminals of each unit cell,
An apparatus for equalizing stored electric energy of an assembled battery, wherein a voltage between terminals of each single battery is detected from a voltage detection line, and a single battery having a small amount of stored electric power is charged from the voltage detection line. 単電池を複数個直列接続した組電池を用いた蓄電装置において、
各単電池の端子間に電流制限手段とダイオードを並列に接続してから検出線を引き出した電圧検出線と、各単電池の端子間からダイオードとロータリースイッチを介して接続される充電線を備え、
各単電池の端子間電圧を電圧検出線から検出するとともに、蓄積電力量の少ない単電池は電圧検出線と充電線から充電することを特徴とする組電池の蓄積電力量均等化装置。 In a power storage device using an assembled battery in which a plurality of cells are connected in series,
A voltage detection line in which a detection line is pulled out after connecting a current limiting means and a diode in parallel between the terminals of each unit cell, and a charging line connected between the terminals of each unit cell via a diode and a rotary switch ,
An apparatus for equalizing stored electric energy of an assembled battery, wherein a voltage between terminals of each single battery is detected from a voltage detection line, and a single battery having a small amount of stored electric power is charged from the voltage detection line and a charging line.
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CN104407302A (en) * 2014-12-03 2015-03-11 杭州协能科技有限公司 Automatic testing system for battery equalization module packing
CN104407302B (en) * 2014-12-03 2019-02-19 杭州协能科技股份有限公司 Battery balanced module automatic checkout system in groups
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