JP2009149043A - Informtaion carrier enabling judgement of authenticity - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an information carrier for antifalsification, in which an image to be observed changes in response to the angle to light source, which is excellent in judging properties of authenticity and, at the same time, is excellent in productivity. <P>SOLUTION: This information carrier comprises specular gloss and is equipped with a first image, which is formed by changing the angle of raised printing element, and, at the same time, with a second image, which is formed by changing the difference between their printing areal percentages, so that, in the observation of an angular region, in which diffused reflected light and regular reflected light intermingle with each other, only the first image is visually recognized, while, in the observation of an observational angle region, in which diffused reflection is dominant, only the second image is visually recognized. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is a security printed matter that requires a forgery prevention effect, particularly in the field of valuable printed matter such as banknotes, passports, securities, identification cards, cards, and passports. The information carrier for anti-counterfeiting or authenticity determination to which is given.

  In recent years, anti-counterfeiting elements and printing techniques having new design properties and high anti-counterfeiting effects have been desired for valuable printed matter that requires security. For this reason, a lot of optical security elements such as holograms whose images change depending on the observation angle are now available.

  The anti-counterfeit printed matter exhibiting optical changes as described above is generally expensive and requires special equipment and materials, so an additional manufacturing process is required, and the cost is high. There was a problem.

  Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present applicant uses common and relatively inexpensive materials and simple printing means, and recognizes the human eye at a specific observation angle. Has filed an invention relating to an anti-counterfeit information carrier in which the information to be changed into completely different information by changing the observation angle (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  The information carrier for anti-counterfeiting according to Patent Document 1 uses a commercially available silver or gold ink containing a general-purpose inexpensive aluminum powder or brass powder as a component, and exhibits a hologram effect by a general printing means. It is a forgery prevention and authenticity discrimination printed matter characterized by a configuration in which an image is directly applied to a substrate of a printed matter, and has excellent cost performance and mechanical distribution strength.

  In the information carrier for forgery prevention disclosed in Patent Document 1, as a first effect, a first image is formed by two glittering material layers having a difference in density of an appropriate area on a base material. In the observation angle region where the diffused light is dominant, the amount of reflected light that reaches the eyes of the observer from both of the two glitter material layers becomes small, so that the first image can be easily recognized. It becomes possible. On the other hand, in the observation angle region where specular reflection light is dominant, the amount of reflected light reaching both the eyes of the observer from both of the two glittering material layers becomes extremely large, so that it is difficult to visually recognize the first image. Become.

  Furthermore, the anti-counterfeit information carrier disclosed in Patent Document 1 has, as a second effect, the first image formed on the extremely dense glittering material layer having the above-described area and the glittering material. In comparison, the second image of the layer formed by overlaying extremely sparse color material layers formed using a color material having a high visible light absorption property shows an observation angle region where the diffused light is dominant. Since the amount of reflected light that reaches the eyes becomes smaller, it is difficult to visually recognize the difference in color tone and brightness from the two layers even though the components are different. Therefore, the second image cannot be visually recognized.

  On the other hand, in the observation angle region where specular reflection light is dominant, the amount of reflected light that reaches the eyes of the observer from the layer of only the glittering material becomes extremely large, whereas the color material with high visible light absorption is glittered. Since the amount of reflected light that reaches the eyes of the observer from the layer superimposed on the conductive material layer is relatively small, the second image can be easily visually recognized by the color tone difference due to the difference in the amount of reflected light.

  In addition, the applicant forms a swelled image line using a plane-oriented pearl pigment, and has a configuration in which the image line angle is different between the background image part and the message image part, and only when observed from an oblique direction. The invention has been filed for an invention relating to a printed matter capable of authenticating authenticity having an effect that the message image portion changes from positive to negative or changes from negative to positive (see, for example, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3).

  The printed matter disclosed in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 has a background image and a message image formed by an image structure that is raised on the surface of the base material, and the image pattern and message of the background image. Since the image line pattern is formed at different angles, the message image is hardly visible to the naked eye in the angle region where the diffuse reflection light is dominant, and the angle region where the regular reflection light is dominant from the diffuse reflection light. Since the background image and the message image having a bulge are structured to reflect different light with respect to the incident light, the message image is visually recognized as a negative image or a positive image.

Japanese Patent No. 3398758 Japanese Patent No. 3718712 Republished Patent W02003 / 013871

  However, in the invention according to Patent Document 1, by superimposing the two effects, the first image can be visually recognized in the observation angle region where the diffused light is dominant, and the first image is visible in the observation angle region where the regular reflection light is dominant. Thus, an anti-counterfeit information carrier capable of confirming the image 2 can be formed. However, it is necessary to precisely print the glittering material layer constituting the first image and the color material layer constituting the second image at the same pitch. Therefore, it is necessary to manufacture the first image and the second image while always managing the imprinting of the first image and the second image with appropriate accuracy.

  In addition, in order to form the information carrier for forgery prevention described in Patent Document 1, the diffused light is dominant in the glittering material layer constituting the first image and the color material layer constituting the second image. In order to look the same color (approximate color) in a proper observation angle region, it is necessary to determine an appropriate density difference in area ratio. For this purpose, the visible light absorption is such that the color material and the area ratio of the color material with high visible light absorptivity are changed in various ways and the optimum switchability from the first image to the second image is obtained. It takes a great deal of effort to determine the color and area ratio of highly color materials.

  Further, in order to obtain an optimal image switching property, the area ratio of the second image using a color material having high visible light absorption must be formed in a specific range of 15 to 30%. Furthermore, since the regularity is printed on the extremely dense glittering material layer of the first image, the visibility of the second image may deteriorate depending on the observation environment. There were some problems in obtaining a clear switch effect.

  The printed matter described in Patent Document 2 can be used to determine whether the message image appears from an oblique direction, although the message image appears from a negative image to a positive image or from a positive image to a negative image depending on the incident angle of light. When observing from the above, not only the message image cannot be recognized, but also a meaningful image other than the message image cannot be recognized. That is, it was impossible to switch between two different images.

  Further, in the printed matter described in Patent Document 3, the printed image of Patent Document 2 is used, and in order to make an observer visually recognize a meaningful image that has no correlation with the message image, the image line having a swell is obtained. Before printing, it was necessary to form a first image with a low-density ink in advance. In addition, in order to clearly switch between the low-density first image and the message image based on the image line having the bulge, the first image must disappear in the observation region where the message image is visually recognized. The image needs to be an image with high (light) brightness, and the visibility of the first image needs to be kept low.

  The present invention provides an information carrier that information recognized by the human eye is clearly changed to other information by changing the observation angle and cannot be reproduced by a color copying machine.

  The information carrier of the present invention is an information carrier comprising at least two images on a substrate, and the image is composed of a plurality of image line groups, and the image line groups use ink having a specular gloss. A plurality of image lines formed in parallel with the first direction, and a first image line group having a first image area ratio, and a first direction, In a plurality of image lines arranged in parallel, a second image line group having a second image area ratio different from the first image area ratio and parallel to a second direction different from the first direction In the plurality of image lines arranged in the third image line group having the same image area ratio as the first image area ratio, and in the plurality of image lines arranged in parallel with the second direction, And a fourth image line group having the same image area ratio as the image area ratio of 2. The first image is divided into an image portion and a background portion. The second image is divided into an image portion and a background portion, the background portion of the first image is composed of a first drawing line group and a second drawing line group, and the image portion of the first image is It consists of a third line group and a fourth line group, the background part of the second image consists of the first line group and the third line group, and the image part of the second image is It consists of a 2nd drawing line group and a 4th drawing line group.

  In the information carrier of the present invention, the ink having specular gloss includes at least one of a scale-like mica pigment, a scale-like metal pigment, a glass flake pigment, and a cholesteric liquid crystal pigment.

  The information carrier of the present invention has water repellency on the pigment surface in order to improve the orientation of the scaly mica pigment, scaly metal pigment, glass flake pigment, and / or cholesteric liquid crystal pigment contained in the specular gloss ink. It is characterized in that a surface treatment for imparting oil repellency is performed.

  The information carrier of the present invention is characterized in that the ink having a specular gloss has a color different from that of the substrate.

  The information carrier of the present invention is characterized in that the ink having a specular gloss contains a color pigment.

  In the information carrier of the present invention, the difference between the area ratios of the first image area ratio and the second image area ratio is such that the first image line group and the third image area ratio have the first image area ratio. It is formed by one or both of the stroke group, the stroke width of the second stroke group having the second stroke area ratio, and the stroke width of the fourth stroke group, the stroke pitch size, or both. It is characterized by that.

  The information carrier of the present invention is characterized in that the difference in area ratio between the first image area ratio and the second image area ratio is in the range of 10 to 50%.

  The information carrier of the present invention is characterized in that the angle difference between the first direction and the second direction in the plurality of image line groups is 5 ° or more.

  The information carrier of the present invention has a first line width that forms a line group having a first line area ratio and a second line width that forms a line group having a second line area ratio. , 30 to 1000 μm.

  The information carrier of the present invention is characterized in that the rising height of the image line by the ink having a specular gloss is in the range of 10 to 150 μm.

  The information carrier of the present invention is characterized in that the first image is visually recognized in the observation angle region where the diffuse reflection light and the regular reflection light are mixed, and the second image is visually recognized in the observation angle region of the diffuse reflection light. .

  In the information carrier of the present invention, the first image has at least three or more image areas, and the arrangement angles of the first image line group and the second image line group constituting the image area are respectively The regions differ from each other by at least 5 °.

  According to the present invention, since the switch image is formed with a single ink, metamerism is automatically established between the first image and the second image. From this, as in the invention described in Patent Document 1, the density of the appropriate area of the color material layer image so that the glittering material layer and the color material layer look the same color (approximate color) in the diffused light region. Since it is not necessary to identify the difference, it is easy to design the line. Further, in the observation of the second image in the observation angle region where the diffused light is dominant, the first image is not slightly seen, and in the observation angle region where the diffuse reflection light and the regular reflection light are mixed, printing is performed. The image switches clearly from the printed second image to the printed first image.

  Unlike the invention described in Patent Document 1, the present invention forms an image line by a printing method that produces a swell using ink having a specular gloss, so that an observation angle in which diffuse reflection light and regular reflection light are mixed is used. In the area, since the effect that the first image that becomes a latent image is inverted from positive to negative or from negative to positive is added, it is easy for anyone to visually observe it without using an expensive authenticity determination device. Authenticity can be determined.

  The present invention is fundamentally different from the invention described in Patent Document 2, and it is possible to form a low (dark) ink brightness and to form an arbitrary image by making the image line thick or dense. Therefore, it is possible to simultaneously form a second image that is a meaningful image that is completely different from the first image that becomes a latent image.

  When an information carrier according to the present invention is formed using an ink in which a colored pigment is mixed with an iris pearl (hereinafter referred to as a “colored pearl ink”), the colored pigment is applied from the diffuse reflection region to the regular reflection region. And the interference color of the iris pearl pigment are simultaneously reflected in the first image, so that it is possible to impart a vivid color change excellent in color flip-flop property to the first image. Further, in this case, the pearl interference effect in the observation angle region where the diffuse reflection light and the regular reflection light are mixed is not impaired, although the image line is colored.

  Since the present invention does not need to print the first image and the second image separately as in the inventions described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it can be formed by one color printing. However, printing accuracy is not required at all, and productivity is extremely excellent.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the best mode for carrying out the invention described below, and various other modes can be implemented within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. .

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an information carrier (1) according to the present invention, and a predetermined constant pitch (0.4 mm) that is raised at a height of about 10 μm by pearl ink colored on a substrate (2). The image line is formed. The information carrier (1) is formed of four types of lines, and the same lines are gathered to form a group of lines. The four types of drawing lines are called drawing lines having a drawing angle of 90 ° (vertical direction) and thin lines (0.15 mm) (hereinafter referred to as “vertical thin drawing lines”). The line group is hereinafter referred to as “first drawing group”), and the drawing line angle is 90 ° (vertical direction) and the drawing line is thick (0.20 mm) (hereinafter referred to as “longitudinal drawing line”). A group of lines in which vertical thick lines are gathered is hereinafter referred to as a “second line group”), and the line angle is 0 ° (horizontal direction) and the line is thin (0.15 mm). A line (hereinafter referred to as “horizontal thin line”, and a group of lines in which horizontal thin lines are gathered hereinafter) and a line angle of 0 ° (horizontal direction) And an image line with a thick (0.20 mm) image line (hereinafter referred to as “horizontal thick image line”), and an image line group in which the horizontal thick image lines are gathered is hereinafter referred to as “fourth image line group”. )

  With this configuration, two latent image images as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can be formed on the information carrier (1). Specifically, the first image (sakura pattern) is the first image. The line group and the second image line group are the background portion, and the third image line group and the fourth image line group are the image portion, while the second image (JPN image) is the first image line group and The third image line group is a background portion, and the second image line group and the fourth image line group are image portions. In the embodiment, the second image (JPN image) is described using thick lines, but the image lines are changed by changing the line pitch between the background portion and the image portion with the same line width. A difference may be provided in the area ratio.

(First image)
In the present invention, in order to explain the effect of switching between the first image (sakura pattern) and the second image (JPN image) according to the observation angle, the visual recognition principle of the first image will be described first. In order to make the visual recognition principle easier to understand, the information carrier (1) in FIG. 1 eliminates the difference in the area ratio due to the thick and narrow lines, and all of them have the same line width and a predetermined constant pitch (0.4 mm). A description will be given using the information carrier (7) of FIG. 4 representing only one image (sakura pattern).

  The information carrier (7) shown in FIG. 4 is formed with a screen printing method using an ink containing a pearl pigment shown in Table 1 with an image line having a bulge of about 10 μm. The first image line group 7a forming the image line angle and the third image line group 7b forming the second image line angle constituting the image portion.

  The ink shown in Table 1 is a pearl ink colored by adding a small amount of a black color pigment to an iris color pearl pigment whose interference color is gold. By using a colored pigment having a black or dark color as the colored pigment in the colored pearl ink, when the formed image line is regularly reflected, it absorbs colors other than the pearl interference color, and as a result, the pearl interference color. It is possible to exert an effect that emphasizes more. The image line formed with the colored pearl ink is simply observed as black in an observation region where diffuse reflection is dominant and the pearl interference effect is not visible.

  In order to measure the state in which the two image groups having swell and different image angles change in color according to the observation angle with respect to light incident from a certain direction, FIG. Thus, light is incident from the light source 8 at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the first image line group 7a (pitch 0.4 mm, image line width 0.15 mm), and the light receiving angle −20 in the direction perpendicular to the image line direction. The values of L *, a *, b * from 0 ° to 80 ° and the angle with respect to the third line group 7b (pitch 0.4 mm, line width 0.15 mm) as shown in FIG. Light was incident from the light source 8 at 45 °, and the values of L *, a *, and b * were measured from a light receiving angle of −20 ° to 80 ° in a direction parallel to the image line direction. The values of L *, a *, and b * were measured using a variable angle spectrocolorimetric system GCMS-4 type (manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory).

  The result of the measurement is as shown in the graph of FIG. The values measured by receiving light in the direction perpendicular to the first image group 7a are L1 *, a1 *, b1 *, and the values measured by receiving light in the direction parallel to the third image group 7b are , L2 *, a2 *, b2 *. It can be seen that even if the image line pitch and image line width are exactly the same, there are light reception angles that are observed with different brightness, saturation, and hue due to the different image line angles.

  In order to explain the difference in hue depending on the light receiving angle in an easy-to-understand manner, the color difference ΔE of L2 *, a2 *, b2 * is calculated with reference to L1 *, a1 *, b1 * in the graph of FIG.

  In this specification, the observation angle region where the diffuse reflection light having a light reception angle of −20 ° to 0 ° is dominant is “observation angle region A”, and the observation angle region where the regular reflection light having a light reception angle of 45 ° ± 5 is dominant. Is defined as “observation angle region C”, and an observation angle region in which diffuse reflection light and regular reflection light excluding “observation angle region A” and “observation angle region C” are defined as “observation angle region B”. This observation angle region is schematically shown in FIG.

  In addition, the observation angle region B changes according to the line angle, but the observation angle region B in this example is 20 ° ± 20 ° and 70 ° ± 20 °. When light enters the information carrier (1) at an incident angle of 45 ° from the light source (8), each observation angle region is schematically shown in FIG.

  When the observer's viewpoint is to observe the information carrier (1) from the viewpoint (9) shown in FIG. 8, the diffuse reflected light is in the dominant observation angle region A, and the observer carries information from the viewpoint (10). When observing the body (1), it is in the observation angle region B where the regular reflection light and the diffuse reflection light are mixed, and when the observer observes the information carrier (1) from the viewpoint (11), the observer It can be said that the viewpoint is in the observation angle region C where the regular reflection light is dominant.

  From the graph of FIG. 7, when the first image is formed as a latent image with the image lines having different image line angles, the first image line group 7a and the third image line are observed in the observation angle region A and the observation angle region C. Since the difference in color difference ΔE of the image line group 7b is small, it remains a latent image, but in the observation angle region B, the color difference ΔE between the first image line group 7a and the third image line group 7b increases. It can be seen that the first image (sakura pattern) is visualized and the difference between the first image line group 7a in the background portion and the third image line group 7b in the image portion is visually recognized.

  As described above, the first image (the cherry blossom pattern) formed by the combination of the drawing lines having different drawing angle is not visually recognized in the observation angle region A and the observation angle region C, but is recognized only in the observation angle region B. Result.

  The first image formed so as to swell using colored pearl ink in the image line structure of the information carrier (7) shown in FIG. 4 has a shading as shown in FIG. In the observation angle region B, as shown in FIGS. 9 (b) and 9 (c), the cherry blossom pattern is reversed from positive to negative or negative to positive while changing the density from black to gold, It changes vividly from gold to black. In the measurement data shown in the graph of FIG. 6, the image portion is always observed as a positive image. However, this is data in a specific environment created by the measuring instrument. In fact, in general observation environments where we live, unlike measuring instruments, there are multiple light sources and at least a large number of reflected lights. In many cases, there is light incident at an angle close to a right angle with respect to both the image portion and the background portion. Thus, when observed in a normal environment, when the printed matter is tilted in the observation angle region B and the brightness of the image line forming the background portion exceeds the brightness of the image portion, the image portion is negative. As observed. Therefore, when the printed material is tilted and observed in a normal environment, in the observation angle region B, the light / dark reversal from the negative to the positive or from the positive to the negative is observed.

(Second image)
Next, in the present invention, as a second step for explaining the effect of switching between the first image (sakura pattern) and the second image (JPN image) according to the observation angle, the area due to the fine line is reduced. A description will be given of how the second image (JPN image) in which the meaningful image is formed by the combination of the difference in rate is visually recognized in each of the observation angle regions A to C. In order to make the visual recognition principle easy to understand, the information shown in FIG. 10 in which the difference in the line angle is eliminated from the information carrier (1) in FIG. This will be described using the carrier (12).

  The information carrier (12) shown in FIG. 10 forms a group of vertical image lines with a predetermined constant pitch (0.4 mm) by screen printing, and the background of the second image (JPN). The first image line group 12a (0.15 mm) constituting the image portion and the second image line group 12b (0.20 mm) constituting the image portion of the second image (JPN). In order to increase the visibility of the density difference between the first image line group 12a and the second image line group 12b that form the second image, the ink is colored pearl with a black pigment added as shown in Table 1. Ink was used.

  In order to measure the state in which the two image groups having swell and different image line widths change in color according to the observation angle with respect to light incident from a certain direction, FIG. Thus, light is incident from the light source 1 at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the first image line group 12a (pitch 0.4 mm, image line width 0.15 mm), and the light receiving angle −20 perpendicular to the image line direction. With respect to the values of L1 *, a1 *, b1 * from ° to 80 ° and the second image line group 12b (pitch 0.4 mm, image line width 0.20 mm) as shown in FIG. Light was incident from the light source 1 at an angle of 45 °, and the values of L1 *, a1 *, and b1 * were measured in the same manner at a right angle to the image line direction from a light reception angle of −20 ° to 80 °. The values of L1 *, a1 *, and b1 * were measured using a variable angle spectrocolorimetry system GCMS-4 type (manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory).

  The result of the measurement is as shown in the graph of FIG. 12, and the measured values of the first image line group 12a having an image line width of 0.15 mm are L1 *, a1 *, b1 *, and the image line width of 0.20 mm. The values obtained by measuring the second image line group 12b are L1 *, a1 *, and b1 *. In any of the image lines, although the lightness, saturation, and hue change depending on the light reception angle due to the interference effect of the pearl ink, the above-described two first image line groups 7a and 7b are different from each other. There is no significant difference between the image line groups as in the result of comparing the first image line group 12a and the second image line group 12b (FIG. 12). Since the colors change together according to the color, they are visually recognized as the same color.

  In order to easily explain the difference in hue, the color difference ΔE of L3 *, a3 *, b3 * is calculated with reference to L1 *, a1 *, b1 *, as shown in the graph of FIG. The variation of the color difference ΔE at the light receiving angle is a variation range of 4 to 18, and since the color difference ΔE is 4 or more, even if the image portion and the background portion have the same hue, all of them vary depending on the area ratio. It shows that the JPN image is visually recognized in the observation area.

  From this result, in the case where the second image (JPN image) in which the meaningful image is formed by the combination of the difference in area ratio due to the thick and narrow lines, the background portion and the image portion are slightly shaded. Although there are observation angle areas that are reversed or slightly improved in visibility, basically all observation angle areas have a contrast that can be visually recognized as a JPN image as shown in FIG. You can see that

(Switch effect)
The information carrier (7) having only the first image (the cherry blossom pattern) in FIG. 4 has the first image line group (7a) and the third image line group (7b) having different image line angles. In the observation angle region A and the observation angle region C, since the color difference ΔE between the image portion and the background portion shows a low value, it is difficult to visually recognize the cherry blossom pattern. In the angle region B, since the color difference ΔE between the image portion and the background portion shows a high value of about 100 at the maximum, the first image (sakura pattern) is visually recognized only in the observation angle region B.

  In addition, the information carrier (12) having only the second image (JPN image) in FIG. 10 has a first image line group (12a) and a third image line group ( Since the second image (JPN image) is formed by the combination of 12b), the color difference ΔE between the image portion and the background portion is in the range of 4 to 18 in all the observation regions. A second image (JPN image) is visually recognized.

  From this, when the configuration of the first image and the configuration of the second image are combined in the same image area as in the information carrier (1) shown in FIG. However, only in the observation angle region B, the color difference ΔE of the first image greatly exceeds the second image, and the first image is dominantly viewed. Due to the above effects, an information carrier that switches from the first image to the second image can be obtained.

(Formation of composite image)
Next, the effect of switching the first image and the second image in the same image region to form the information carrier (1) shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail.
The information carrier (1) shown in FIG. 1 has a group of four lines in which four types of lines, a vertical line, a vertical line, a horizontal line, and a horizontal line are assembled. Formed by a combination of

  Specifically, a vertical fine line formed with a vertical pitch of 0.40 mm and a line width of 0.15 mm, and a vertical thin line formed with a vertical pitch of 0.40 mm and a line width of 0.20 mm. Image line, horizontal fine line formed with a horizontal pitch of 0.40 mm and line width of 0.15 mm, horizontal line formed with a horizontal pitch of 0.40 mm and line width of 0.20 mm The first image line group (3) in which the vertical thin line is assembled forms the image area shown in FIG. 15, and the second image line group (4) in which the vertical thick line is assembled is The third image line group (5) in which the image areas shown in FIG. 16 are formed and the horizontal thin image lines are gathered forms the image area shown in FIG. 17 and the fourth thick image lines are gathered in the horizontal direction. The image line group (6) forms the image area shown in FIG. The second image shown in FIG. 2 is formed by the fine lines of the area ratio, and the first image shown in FIG. 3 is formed by the difference (vertical and horizontal) of the line angle. Yes. The images shown in FIGS. 15 to 18 are actually formed as one image and printed on a single printing plate to form the information carrier (1) shown in FIG. 1 using the same ink. In the present description, the image regions are shown separately in FIGS. 15 to 18 in order to clarify the visual recognition principle.

  Screen printing was performed on commercially available coated paper using the screen inks having the composition shown in Table 1 with the above-described image line configuration. Change in color difference ΔE in each image line when the light receiving angle is changed from −20 ° to 80 ° with the image region shown in FIG. 15 formed by the first image line group (3) in FIG. 19 as a reference. Is written. The broken line 13 in FIG. 19 is shown in FIG. 16 formed by the second line group (4) when the image area shown in FIG. 15 formed by the first line group (3) is used as a reference. The broken line 14 in FIG. 19 shows the color difference of the image shown in FIG. 17 formed by the third drawing line group (5), and the broken line 15 in FIG. 6) shows the color difference of the image shown in FIG. 18 formed.

  From the graph of FIG. 19, in the observation angle region A, the color difference ΔE of the broken line 14 is a small value of 1.6, and the color difference of the broken line 13 and the color difference of the broken line 15 are relatively large values of 7.0. Yes.

  In the observation angle region B in which diffuse reflection light and regular reflection light are mixed, the color difference of the broken line 13 is about 10, but the color difference of the broken line 14 and the color difference of the broken line 15 are relatively very large values from 60 to 100. It has become.

  From the above, in the observation angle region A, the difference between FIG. 15 formed by the first image line group (3) and FIG. 17 formed by the third image line group (5) is hardly perceivable. In contrast, FIG. 16 formed by the second line group (4) and FIG. 18 formed by the fourth line group (6) are compared with FIGS. 15 and 17. It is relatively high, and FIGS. 16 and 18 are recognized with the same degree of visibility. Accordingly, FIGS. 15 and 17 are overlapped and recognized as the background portion of “JPN”, and FIGS. 16 and 18 also have slightly higher visibility than FIGS. 15 and 17, and the images overlap each other. The second image “JPN” shown in FIG. 2 is visually recognized.

  Further, in the observation angle region B, FIG. 15 formed by the first image line group (3) and FIG. 16 formed by the second image line group (4) have relatively low visibility. FIG. 17 formed by the third drawing line group (5) and FIG. 18 formed by the fourth drawing line group (6) are relatively compared to the first drawing line group and the second drawing line group. The second image line group and the fourth image line group are recognized with the same degree of visibility. Therefore, the first image group and the second image line group are recognized as the background part of “sakura”, and the third image line group and the fourth image line group are also the first image line group and the second image line group. The image portion of the first image shown in FIG. 3 is visually recognized with an extremely strong visibility different from that of the image line group.

  As described above, when formed alone, the second image itself has no effect of disappearing in the observation angle region B, but the first image is observed by being formed in combination with the first image. It is visually concealed by an extremely strong expression effect in the angle region B, and an effect as if it disappeared visually can be obtained. As a result, it is possible to realize a switch effect in which only the second image appears in the observation angle region A and only the first image appears in the observation angle region B. The above is the principle of image switching in the information carrier of the present invention.

  20 (a) to 20 (c) illustrate the switch effect of the present invention. FIG. 20 (a) shows the visual observation when the information carrier (1) is observed in the observation angle region A. 20 (b) and 20 (c) are images that are visually recognized. When the information carrier (1) is flipped and observed in the observation angle region B, the density is inverted from positive to negative or from negative to positive. It is an image visually recognized. In the case of positive, the first image has a golden hue which is an interference color of pearl, and the other areas are observed in black of the color pigment. In the case of negative, the first image is conversely As a result, the other areas are observed as gold, and the first image has not only the intensity of the interference color of the pearl, but also a vivid color effect due to the color mixture of the color pigment and the interference color of the pearl. Has been.

  In the observation angle region C, although the second image (JPN image) is observed, the brightness is extremely high and the appearance angle of the first image (cherry blossom pattern) is very close. If they are not observed, their appearance cannot be confirmed.

(Relationship between ink coloring power and line width)
The visibility of the second image (JPN image) in the observation angle region A and the visibility of the first image (sakura pattern) in the observation angle region B are based on the coloring power of the ink (the content and color of the colored pigment in the ink). It is strongly influenced by the reflection density of the pigment) and the line width. Using the pattern of the information carrier (1) shown in FIG. 1, the second image line group (4) and the fourth image line group (6) are drawn with a pitch of 0.40 mm and an image line width of 0.30 mm. The first image line group (3) and the third image line group (5) have a pitch of 0.40 mm, image line widths of 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm,. It is formed with an image line with the conditions changed to 20 mm and 0.25 mm, and 20% of pearl pigment is blended, and 1.0%, 0.5%, 0.25% of color pigment (chromofine black), Tables 2 and 3 show the results of visual evaluation of the images in the respective observation angle regions when formed using ink having a blending ratio changed to 0%. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the visibility of the second image (JPN image) in the observation angle region A where diffuse reflection light is dominant, and Table 3 shows the observation angle region B in which diffuse reflection light and regular reflection light are mixed. It is an evaluation result of visibility of the 1st picture (cherry tree pattern). The evaluation was based on a four-level evaluation that “◎” is extremely easy to visually recognize, “◯” is easy to visually recognize, “Δ” is difficult to visually recognize, and “×” cannot be visually recognized.

  As the above results show, in the observation angle region A, the blending ratio of the color pigment is high, and the line width between the second line group (4) and the fourth line group (6) As the difference in the line widths between the first image line group (3) and the third image line group (5) is larger, the second image is easier to visually recognize. In addition, in the observation angle region B in which diffuse reflection light and regular reflection light are mixed, the blending ratio of the color pigment is low, and between the second image line group (4) and the fourth image line group (6). As a result, the smaller the difference between the image line width and the image line width between the first image line group (3) and the third image line group (5), the easier the first image is visually recognized. It was.

  Although this tendency is a common tendency when any color pigment or pearl pigment is used, the optimum conditions differ depending on the coloring power of the color pigment and the reflection characteristics of the pearl pigment. It is necessary to determine the conditions under which these conflicting results can be compatible, and to determine the line width and the blending ratio of the color pigment. The same applies to the case where the information carrier of the present invention is formed by ink having a specular gloss such as gold ink or silver ink, not limited to pearl.

  In this example, the first image line group and the third image line group formed with the first image area ratio are formed with a pitch of 0.4 mm and an image line width of 0.10 to 0.25 mm. Therefore, the first image area ratio is about 25 to 63%. In addition, since the second image line group and the fourth image line group formed with the second image area ratio have a pitch of 0.4 mm and an image line width of 0.3 mm, the second image area ratio Is 75%. Therefore, when the ink used this time is used, the difference between the first image area ratio and the second image area ratio is about 12 to 50%. It is possible to form an information carrier excellent in switchability by finding an appropriate blend of these color pigments. However, the difference between the first image area ratio and the second image area ratio is not limited to this range because the optimum conditions differ depending on the ink used. .

  In order to visually recognize a meaningful second image in the observation angle region A, the ink itself needs to have a color different from that of the base material. It is preferable to form the information carrier of the present invention with an ink having a specular gloss such as a gold ink, a silver ink or a dichroic pearl ink which is a colored ink.

  In addition, when a transparent iris pearl pigment is formed using a transparent iris pearl pigment, commercially available iris pearl pigments of the screen printing method are actually 10 even though they are classified as transparent or translucent. Most inks containing pearl pigments turn from white to gray when mixed in medium with a high weight blend of -20%. Since the particularly effective line width for forming the present invention is about 30 to 1000 μm, the image line having such a width is formed with an ink containing a transparent iris pearl pigment by a screen printing method. In some cases, even if the substrate is white and has the same color as the ink, the second image can be formed as a visible image as long as the ink does not have completely transparent properties. From this, it is possible to form the information carrier of the present invention even with ink containing only the iris pearl pigment. However, when the information carrier of the present invention is formed using only the iris color pearl pigment, the visibility of the second image is reduced as compared to the case where the information carrier is formed using an ink obtained by mixing a color pigment together with the iris color pearl pigment. From the above, in actually producing the information carrier of the present invention, the addition or non-addition of the color pigment is decided according to the design desired by the customer, and the second in the observation angle region where the diffuse reflected light is dominant. It is preferable to adjust the visibility of the image.

  Also, when using a mixture of colored pigment and iris pearl pigment, the color of the colored pigment is complementary to the interference color of black or pearl pigment, or complementary color for the purpose of making the visual switch effect and pearl effect stand out. A hue close to is preferred. Even when colored with a color close to the interference color of the pearl pigment, although the switch effect intended by the present invention appears, it gives an impression that the color change of the image is poor, so it is preferable for making the switch appear vivid. It is not a form.

  As for the ink used in the present invention, when a pearl pigment is used, a dichroic pearl pigment, an iris pearl pigment, or other scaly pigments may be used. The particle size of the pearl pigment is selected according to the printing method to be used, but is preferably 1 to 50 μm, and the average particle size is preferably about 5 to 15 μm. In this way, any pearl pigment may be used, but in order to improve the orientation (leafing effect) of the scaly pigment, the pigment is oriented on the surface of a line drawing that is raised to 10 to 150 μm. It is preferable to perform the treatment. Specifically, for example, by performing a water- and oil-repellent surface treatment as described in JP-A-2001-106937, the pigment can be oriented on the surface of the image line of the printing portion, and the specular reflection light It becomes possible to make the interference color of pearl appear more vividly. All the pearl pigments described in the present specification are used after being surface-treated with respect to commercially available pigments.

  Further, the printing method is preferably a screen printing method or an intaglio printing method because it is necessary to use a pearl pigment having a large particle size and forming an image line having a bulge of 10 to 150 μm. Among these, the UV drying type screen printing method is more preferable because of the degree of freedom of the height of the image line to be formed and the tolerance of the particle size of the pearl pigment to be used.

Example 1
FIG. 21 shows the information carrier (16) according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The two images to be switched are used in the best mode, the second image (JPN image) in FIG. 2 and the first image in FIG. Image (cherry blossom pattern). FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of the configuration of the black frame portion (17) of the first image line group (3 ′) and the second image line group (4 ′) in FIG. The image line was printed using the screen ink shown in Table 4. The height of the image line is about 10 μm as in the example described in the embodiment.

  Referring to FIG. 21, the first image line group (3 ′) and the second image line group (4 ′) which are the background portion of the first image (the cherry blossom pattern) are formed in parallel. These two image lines and the image lines of the third image line group (5 ′) and the fourth image line group (6 ′), which are the image portions of the first image (cherry pattern), are the image line angles. Are formed 90 degrees apart.

  Further, the first image line group (3 ′) and the third image line group (5 ′), which are the background portions of the second image (JPN image), have a pitch of 0.50 mm and an image line width of 0.30 mm. The second image line group (4 ′) and the fourth image line group (6 ′), which are formed by image lines and form the image portion of the second image (JPN image), have a pitch of 0.40 mm and an image line width. It is formed with an image line of 0.30 mm.

  The information carrier (16) is the same as the information carrier (1) in the first image (cherry blossom pattern), but the second image (JPN image) is the same as the information carrier (1). ) Is characterized in that the line is not thick and thin but is formed using the density of the line, and the width of the line is the same in the image portion and the background portion of the second image (JPN image). Even with the thickness, the difference in the area ratio between the image portion and the background portion can be visually recognized by the pitch.

  The visual effect of the information carrier (16) formed in Example 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 23A is an image visually observed when the information carrier (16) is observed in the angle region A. Since the color pigment is blue, the second image is displayed as a blue image. (JPN image) is mainly recognized. FIG. 23B and FIG. 23C are images that are viewed while the information carrier (16) is flipped and observed in the observation angle region B while being inverted from positive to negative or from negative to positive. Yes, the first image (sakura pattern) changes vividly from blue to gold and from gold to blue.

(Example 2)
FIG. 24 shows an information carrier (18) of Example 2 of the present invention. The two images to be switched are the second image (JPN image) shown in FIG. 2 used in the embodiment and FIG. The first image shown (sakura pattern) is shown. FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of the configuration of the black frame portion (19) of the first image line group (3 ″) and the second image line group (4 ″) in FIG. The image line was printed with a silver UV screen ink (Milcene, manufactured by Wallstenholm) using vapor-deposited aluminum pigment. This ink is a silver-colored metallic pigment that does not contain a pearl pigment as in Example 1. The height of the image line is about 10 μm as in the example described in the embodiment.

  Referring to FIG. 24, the first image line group (3 ″) and the second image line group (4 ″), which are the background portion of the first image (cherry blossom pattern), are formed in parallel. The two image lines, the third image line group (5 ″) and the fourth image line group (6 ″), which are the image portions of the first image (cherry pattern), have an image line angle. Differ by 90 °. The first image line group (3 ″) and the third image line group (5 ″), which are the background portions of the second image (JPN image), have a pitch of 0.45 mm and an image line width of 0. The second image line group (4 ″) and the fourth image line group (6 ″), which are formed by 25 mm image lines and serve as the image portion of the second image (JPN image), have a pitch of 0.40 mm. The image line width is 0.30 mm.

  In the information carrier (18), the first image (the cherry blossom pattern) is formed by using the image lines different from each other by 90 ° in the image line angle. The image is characterized in that the image line is formed by using the image line thickness and the image line density at the same time, and the image line width is the image line width in the image portion and the background portion of the second image (JPN image). Further, the visibility is further increased by making the difference in the area ratio between the image portion and the background portion visible depending on the pitch.

  The visual effect of the information carrier (18) formed in Example 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 26A is an image visually observed when the information carrier (18) is observed in the observation angle region A. Since the object color of the ink is silver, the second image ( JPN image) is mainly recognized as a gray image. 26 (b) and 26 (c) show that when the information carrier (18) is flipped and observed in the observation angle region B, only the brightness changes from positive to negative or from negative to positive. It is an image that is visually recognized while reversing light and dark to dark gray.

(Example 3)
FIG. 27 shows an information carrier (20) according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The two images to be switched are a second image (JPN image) shown in FIG. 2 and a first image shown in FIG. (Sakura pattern). The image was printed using the screen ink shown in Table 5. The height of the image line is about 10 μm as in the example described in the embodiment.

  The information carrier (20) forms the second image with a thin line width, and the first image does not use only two types of image lines with different line angle of 90 °, This is an example in which a plurality of types of image lines with slightly changed image line angles are used. Using the second image (JPN image) shown in FIG. 2 and the first image (sakura pattern) shown in FIG. 3, an information carrier (20) was formed with the configuration of the image line shown in FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 27, the first image line group (3 ′ ″) and the third image line group (5 ′ ″), which are the background portion of the second image (JPN image), have a pitch of 0. The second image line group (4 ′ ″) and the fourth image line group (6) which are formed by an image line of .40 mm and an image line width of 0.20 mm and become an image portion of the second image (JPN image). '' ') Is formed by an image line having a pitch of 0.40 mm and an image line width of 0.30 mm. The first image line group (3 ′ ″) and the second image line group (4 ′ ″), which are the background part of the first image (cherry pattern), are formed in parallel. The image lines of the third image line group (5 ′ ″) and the fourth image line group (6 ′ ″), which are the image portion of the first image (the cherry blossom pattern), are of the petal A. The stroke angle of the region (21) is 90 °, the stroke angle of the region (22) of the petal B is 60 °, the stroke angle of the region (23) of the petal C is 30 °, and 30 ° for each petal region. , 60 °, 90 °, and 30 ° are changed to form an image line.

  The visual effect of the information carrier (20) formed in Example 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 28A is an image visually observed when the information carrier (20) is observed in the observation angle region A, and since the color pigment is black, the second image (JPN image) ) Is mainly recognized as black. 28 (b) and 28 (c), in the observation angle region B, when the information carrier (20) is flipped and observed, the image portion and the background portion are inverted from positive to negative or from negative to positive. However, it is a visually recognized image, not a negative or positive two-tone image, but a gray-scale image according to the deviation from the background line angle, which expresses an image rich in color change. be able to.

  When the information carrier (20) produced with the screen ink shown in Table 5 is flipped and observed, the first image (sakura pattern) with different line angle is bright from black to red and from red to black. Therefore, the image of the petal A area (21) with a different drawing angle of 90 ° shows a color inverted from the background color, while the petal B area (22) and the petal C area The image of (23) shows a halftone between red and black.

It is a figure which shows the information carrier in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 2nd image in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 1st image in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the information carrier which removed the 2nd image and made only the 1st image from which an image line angle differs. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the light source, the image line from which an image line angle differs, and a light reception angle when the color which changes with the difference in an image line angle is measured mechanically in embodiment of this invention. In the embodiment of the present invention, when the color that changes according to the difference in the line angle is mechanically measured, the light receiving angles of the two lines with different line angle and the changes in L *, a *, and b * respectively. FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship of a color difference ΔE for each light receiving angle caused by a difference in the line angle between two lines when mechanically measuring a color that changes depending on a difference in the line angle in the embodiment of the present invention. is there. It is a figure which shows three observation areas by the positional relationship of an information carrier, a light source, and an observer's viewpoint. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an image observed when an information carrier is formed with the configuration of FIG. 4 in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the information carrier which removed the 1st image and made only the 2nd image by the difference in an area ratio. In the embodiment of the present invention, the positional relationship between a light source, a line having a different line area ratio, and a light receiving angle when mechanically measuring a color that changes due to a difference in the line area ratio (size of the line width) FIG. In the embodiment of the present invention, the color that changes due to the difference in the line area ratio is measured by mechanically measuring the light reception angles of two lines with different line area ratios, and the respective L *, a *, It is a figure which shows the change of b *. In the embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the color difference ΔE for each light receiving angle caused by the difference in the line area ratio between the two lines when the color that changes due to the difference in the line area ratio is measured mechanically. FIG. In embodiment of this invention, when an information carrier is formed with the structure of FIG. 10, it is a figure which shows the image observed according to an observation angle. In embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows only the 1st image line group among the 4 image line groups which form the information carrier of FIG. In embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows only the 2nd image line group among the 4 image line groups which form the information carrier of FIG. In embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows only a 3rd image line group among the 4 image line groups which form the information carrier of FIG. It is a figure which shows only a 4th image line group among the 4 image line groups which form the information carrier of FIG. 1 in embodiment of this invention. In the embodiment of the present invention, among the four image line groups forming the information carrier of FIG. 1, the second image line group to the fourth image line group when the first image line group is used as a reference. The color difference ΔE for each light receiving angle of the image area up to is shown. In embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows the image observed when an information carrier is formed with the structure of FIG. It is a figure which shows the information carrier in Example 1 of this invention. It is a figure which expands and shows the partial drawing line structure of the information carrier in Example 1 of this invention. In Example 1 of this invention, it is a figure which shows the image observed when an information carrier is formed with the structure of FIG. It is a figure which shows the information carrier in Example 2 of this invention. It is a figure which expands and shows the partial drawing line structure of the information carrier in Example 2 of this invention. In Example 2 of this invention, it is a figure which shows the image observed when an information carrier is formed with the structure of FIG. It is a figure which shows the information carrier for forgery prevention in Example 3 of this invention. In Example 3 of this invention, it is a figure which shows the image observed when an information carrier is formed with the structure of FIG. The

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Information carrier 2 of embodiment of this invention Base material 3, 3 ', 3'',3''' 1st drawing line group 4, 4 ', 4'',4''' 2nd drawing line Group 5, 5 ′, 5 ″, 5 ′ ″ Third stroke group 6, 6 ′, 6 ″, 6 ′ ″ Fourth stroke group 7 Only the first image (cherry blossom pattern) Information carrier 7a First image line group 7b Third image line group 8 Light source 9, 10, 11 Viewpoint of observer 12 Information carrier 12a with only second image (JPN image) First image line group 12b Second stroke group 13 ΔE of the second stroke group when the first stroke group is used as a reference.
14 ΔE of the third drawing group when the first drawing group is used as a reference
15 ΔE of the fourth drawing group when the first drawing group is used as a reference
16 Information carrier 17 of Example 1 Black enclosure portion 18 of first image group (3 ′) and second image group (4 ′) 18 Information carrier 19 of Example 2 First image group ( 3 ″) and the black enclosure portion 20 of the second image line group (4 ″) The information carrier 21 of Example 3 The first image line group (3 ′ ″) and the second image line group (4 The area 22 of the petal A which consists of a drawing line whose drawing angle is 90 ° different from that of the ''') first drawing group (3''') and the second drawing group (4 ''') and the drawing angle The area 23 of the petal B is composed of an image line that is 60 ° different from that of the first image line group (3 ′ ″) and the second image line group (4 ′ ″). Region A of petal C Observation angle region B where diffuse reflection light is dominant Observation angle region C where diffuse reflection light and regular reflection light are mixed Observation angle region L1 * where specular reflection light is dominant Image with a line width of 0.15 mm L value measured by receiving light in a direction perpendicular to the line a1 * line width 0. A value b1 * measured by receiving light in a direction perpendicular to an image line of 15 mm * b value L2 * measured by receiving light in a direction perpendicular to an image line having a line width of 0.15 mm * image line having an image line width of 0.15 mm L value a2 * measured and received in parallel with respect to the a value b2 * measured and received in parallel to the image line with a line width of 0.15 mm and parallel to the image line with a line width of 0.15 mm B value L3 * measured and received in the direction L3 * L value a3 * measured and received in the direction perpendicular to the image line width 0.20mm Measured a value b3 * b value measured by receiving light in a direction perpendicular to the image line with an image line width of 0.20 mm.

Claims (12)

An information carrier comprising at least two images on a substrate,
The image is composed of a plurality of image line groups,
The image line group is formed of an image line that is raised using an ink having a specular gloss,
In a plurality of image lines arranged in parallel to the first direction, a first image line group having a first image area ratio;
A plurality of image lines arranged in parallel with the first direction, a second image line group having a second image area ratio different from the first image area ratio;
A plurality of image lines arranged in parallel in a second direction different from the first direction, a third image line group having the same image area ratio as the first image area ratio;
A plurality of image lines arranged in parallel with the second direction, and a fourth image line group having the same image area ratio as the second image area ratio;
The first image is divided into an image portion and a background portion, the second image is divided into an image portion and a background portion,
The background portion of the first image includes the first image line group and the second image line group,
The image portion of the first image includes the third image line group and the fourth image line group,
The background portion of the second image is composed of the first image line group and the third image line group,
An information carrier capable of authenticating authenticity, wherein the image portion of the second image includes the second image line group and the fourth image line group. 2. The information carrier according to claim 1, wherein the ink having specular gloss includes at least one of a scale-like mica pigment, a scale-like metal pigment, a glass flake pigment, and a cholesteric liquid crystal pigment. Surface treatment for imparting water repellency and oil repellency to the pigment surface in order to improve the orientation of the scaly mica pigment, scaly metal pigment, glass flake pigment and / or cholesteric liquid crystal pigment contained in the ink having the specular gloss The information carrier according to claim 2, wherein authenticity determination is possible. 4. The information carrier according to claim 1, wherein the ink having specular gloss has a color different from that of the substrate. 5. The information carrier capable of authenticating authenticity according to claim 1, wherein the ink having a specular gloss contains a color pigment. The difference in the area ratio between the first image area ratio and the second image area ratio is the difference between the first image line group and the third image line group having the first image area ratio. , The second image line group having the second image line area ratio and the image line width of the fourth image line group, the image line pitch being large or small, or both. 6. An information carrier capable of authenticating authenticity according to claim 1. 7. The authenticity distinguishable information according to claim 1, wherein a difference in area ratio between the first image area ratio and the second image area ratio is in a range of 10 to 50%. Carrier. 8. The information capable of determining authenticity according to claim 1, wherein an angle difference between the first direction in which the plurality of image line groups are arranged and the second direction is 5 ° or more. Carrier. The first image line width forming the image line group having the first image area ratio and the second image line width forming the image line group having the second image area ratio are in the range of 30 to 1000 μm. The information carrier according to claim 1, wherein the information carrier is capable of authenticating authenticity. 10. The information carrier capable of authenticating authenticity according to claim 1, wherein a rising height of the image line by the ink having the specular gloss is in a range of 10 to 150 [mu] m. The first image is viewed in an observation angle region where diffuse reflection light and regular reflection light are mixed,
The information carrier according to claim 1, wherein the second image is visually recognized in an observation angle region of diffuse reflected light. The first image has at least three or more image areas, and an arrangement angle of the first image line group and the second image line group constituting the image area is set between each area, The information carrier according to claim 1, wherein the information carrier is different by at least 5 ° or more.

Images