JP2009103382A - Obturator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an obturator capable of singularly exercising each function of applying spinning force to a bullet, generating a starting pressure and impediment drag, and gas obturating. <P>SOLUTION: The obturator 11 is composed of a ring body 12, and it is provided with an outer circumference part interlocking with a cavity line 5 of a barrel 2, and an inner circumference part fitting with a taper part 8 of the bullet 6. The obturator 11 moves toward a front side of the taper part 8 of the bullet 6 on receival of a pressure of combustion gas 18 from the rear. In the outer circumference part of the ring body 12, protrusions 13 interlocking with the cavity line 5 are plurally formed with intervals in a circumferential direction. Instead of the protrusion 13, an annular soft part 17 comprised of a soft material machined or deformed into a shape meshing with the cavity line 5 by loading of the bullet 6 into the barrel 2 can be provided also. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an obturator that engages with a cavity line formed on an inner wall of a gun barrel and performs combustion gas tightness.

  Firearms such as mortars, grenades, and cannons are called “firearms”. Among them, as shown in FIG. 9, a method of stabilizing the trajectory by imparting a rotation (rotation around the axis of the bullet) to the bullet 6 by a spiral groove (cavity line 5) formed inside the barrel 2. Is called a rifle. The bullets fired by the cannon 1 are called “cannonballs”.

The bullet 6 shown in FIG. 9 is a bullet for a mortar, and is composed of a bullet body 7 that constitutes a main body and is filled with a glaze and a projectile charge 9 that is connected to the bullet body 7. The projectile charge 9 is held by a charge holding cylinder 10. The charge holding cylinder 10 is connected to the rear end of the bullet 7 by a clip.
A plurality of protrusions 21 that mesh with the cavity line 5 of the gun 1 are formed on the outer periphery of the bullet 7. In some cases, a “bullet band” having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the gun barrel 2 and extending in a belt shape in the circumferential direction is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the bullet body 7 instead of the projection 21 matched to the shape of the cavity line 5. is there.
The rear part of the bullet 7 has a taper part 8 whose outer diameter decreases as it goes rearward, and a ring-shaped obturator 20 for gas tightness is mounted on the taper part 8 concentrically with the bullet 7. .

  The bullet 6 thus configured is normally loaded from the muzzle 3 as shown in FIG. 9A, but may be loaded from the breech 4 as well. When loading the bullet 6, the position of the bullet 6 is adjusted so that the projection 21 meshes with the cavity line 5, and the bullet 6 is inserted into the gun barrel 2. Then, when the bullet 6 is loaded into the barrel 2 and the propellant 9 is ignited as shown in FIG. 9B, the propellant 9 is combusted, and the combustion gas 18 as shown in FIG. 9C. Will occur. As the cavity pressure rises due to the combustion gas 18, the obturator 20 moves to a position regulated by the projection 21 (or bullet band). As a result, the gap between the cavity line 5 and the projection 21 (or band) is closed, and gas tightening is performed. Further, as the cavity pressure increases, the bullet 6 moves toward the muzzle 3 while rotating according to the degree of rotation of the cavity line 5 as shown in FIG.

  In addition, the prior art about the above-mentioned artillery 1, the bullet 6, the obturator 20, etc. is disclosed by the following nonpatent literature 1, for example.

"Firearm ammunition handbook revised edition", Japan Defense Technology Association

The conventional obturator 20 described above has the following problems.
(1) The rotation of the bullet 6 is given by the projection 21 (or bullet band), and the obturator 20 alone cannot give the turning force to the bullet.
(2) The starting pressure / inhibition resistance of the bullet 6 is determined by the projection 21 (or the belt), and the obturator 20 alone does not generate the activation pressure / inhibition resistance, and the cavity pressure varies when the propellant 9 burns. May occur. The “starting pressure” refers to a pressure for starting the bullet 6. The “inhibition drag” refers to a force that prevents the movement of the bullet 6, and includes resistance by the cavity line 5, air resistance acting on the bullet 6, component force in the direction of the bullet axis due to gravity, and the like.
(3) Since the gas tightness is exhibited by using the projection 21 (or the belt) and the obturator 20 in combination, the gas tightness cannot be performed by the obturator 20 alone.
(4) Since the conventional obturator 20 is premised on using together with the protrusion 21 (or band), the number of parts is large and the structure is also complicated.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an obturator capable of exhibiting each function of imparting a turning force to a bullet, generating a starting pressure / inhibiting drag, and gas tightness alone is provided. The issue is to provide.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following technical means.
(1) The present invention is configured by a ring body that is mounted concentrically with a bullet on the outer peripheral portion of a bullet that is fired by a cannon formed on the inner wall of the gun barrel, and for the purpose of clogging the generated combustion gas The bullet has a tapered portion whose outer diameter decreases toward the rear, and the ring body includes an outer peripheral portion that meshes with the cavity line, and an inner peripheral portion that fits into the tapered portion. And at the time of bullet firing, it receives the pressure of the combustion gas from the rear and moves to the front side of the tapered portion.

According to the present invention, since the outer peripheral portion meshes with the cavity line when the bullet is loaded, the initial gap between the bullet and the cavity line is filled. As a result, gas tightness is exhibited, and at the same time, starting pressure / inhibitory drag is generated by surface friction.
Further, the ring body moves to the front side of the taper portion and expands and deforms as the cavity pressure rises when the bullet is fired. As a result, the gap between the cavity line and the bullet is closed, and gas tightening is performed.
Further, since the outer peripheral portion of the ring body meshes with the cavity line, the rotational force due to the cavity line is received by the ring body, and the rotational force is transmitted to the bullet by the ring body.
Therefore, according to the obturator of the present invention, the functions of imparting a turning force to the bullet, generating the starting pressure / inhibiting drag, and gas tightness can be exhibited by itself. This can also reduce the number of parts and simplify the structure.

(2) Further, in the obturator of the above (1), a plurality of protrusions meshing with the cavity line are formed on the outer peripheral portion of the ring body at intervals in the circumferential direction.

  As described above, it is possible to easily load the gun barrel with bullets by processing the outer periphery of the ring body into a shape that meshes with the cavity line in advance.

(3) In the obturator of (1), an annular soft portion made of a soft material that is processed or deformed into a shape that meshes with the cavity line by loading a bullet into the barrel is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the ring body. Is provided.

  As described above, when the bullet is loaded, the annular soft portion is processed or deformed into a shape that meshes with the cavity line. Therefore, it is not necessary to previously process the outer peripheral portion of the ring body into a shape that meshes with the cavity line.

(4) In the obturator of (3), the annular soft portion is provided at a position closer to the front than the rear end of the ring body.

  According to the above configuration, as the cavity pressure rises, the ring body is greatly deformed and the rear end fills the groove of the cavity line, so that the gas tightness is further improved.

(5) Moreover, in the obturator of said (1)-(4), the rear side internal peripheral surface of the said ring body is formed in the shape which an internal diameter expands as it goes back.

  According to the above configuration, since the rear inner surface of the ring body is expanded in a tapered shape, the ring body receives pressure outward in the radial direction. Thereby, since a ring body is easy to carry out expansion deformation in the radial direction, gas tightness is improved.

(6) Moreover, in the obturator of said (1)-(5), the said ring body transmits rotational force to the said elastic body only by the frictional resistance between the said taper parts.

  According to the above configuration, the turning force transmitted from the ring body to the bullet can be adjusted by the inclination angle of the contact surface between the ring body and the tapered portion, and the rotation can be controlled.

(7) Further, in the obturator of the above (1) to (5), a locking piece that protrudes inward and is inserted into a locking hole formed in the tapered portion is formed on the inner peripheral portion, and a bullet At the time of launch, when the shearing force acting on the locking piece is greater than or equal to a predetermined value due to the rotational force transmitted from the ring body to the bullet, the locking piece is broken.

  According to the above configuration, the rotation can be controlled by controlling the integral rotation and idling of the ring body and the bullet using the number of the locking pieces and the breaking strength as parameters and using the shear fracture as a trigger.

(8) Moreover, in the obturator of said (1)-(5), the said ring body is mounted | worn so that it may not rotate with respect to the said bullet.

  According to the above configuration, since the ring body and the bullet always rotate integrally, the bullet rotates according to the degree of rotation of the cavity line. Therefore, the rotation of the bullet can be controlled by the turn of the cavity line.

  According to the obturator of the present invention, the functions of imparting a turning force to the bullet, generating the starting pressure / inhibiting drag, and gas tightness can be exhibited by itself. This can also reduce the number of parts and simplify the structure.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the common part in each figure, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a bullet 6 to which an obturator 11 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is attached. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1B-1B in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1C-1C in FIG. FIG. 2 is a view showing a state in which the bullet 6 is loaded on the barrel 2 of the gun 1.

A bullet 6 shown in FIG. 1 is a mortar bullet, and is composed of a bullet body 7 constituting a main body and filled with a glaze inside, and a projectile charge 9 connected to the bullet body 7. The projectile charge 9 is held by a charge holding cylinder 10. The charge holding cylinder 10 is connected to the rear end of the bullet 7 by a clip. The rear part of the bullet 7 has a tapered part 8 whose outer diameter decreases as it goes rearward.
The bullet 6 to which the obturator 11 of the present invention is attached is not limited to a mortar, but may be used for other artillery such as a recoilless cannon, a cannon, and a howitzer.

An obturator 11 that engages with the cavity line 5 formed on the inner wall of the barrel 2 and performs gas tightness is mounted on the tapered portion 8 of the bullet 7. The obturator 11 is composed of a ring body 12 and is mounted concentrically with the bullet 6. The ring body 12 is made of, for example, a synthetic resin.
The ring body 12 includes an outer peripheral portion that meshes with the cavity line 5 and an inner peripheral portion that fits into the tapered portion 8. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of protrusions 13 that mesh with the cavity line 5 are formed at intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral portion of the ring body 12 in the present embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1C, the inner peripheral portion of the ring body 12 that contacts the tapered portion 8 has an inner surface with the same inclination angle as that of the tapered portion 8, and only by the frictional resistance with the tapered portion 8. The turning force is transmitted to the bullet 7.
Moreover, the inner peripheral part of the ring body 12 is latched by the latching part 14 formed in the bullet 7, so that it does not fall backward.
Furthermore, the rear inner peripheral surface 12a of the ring body 12 is formed in a shape in which the inner diameter increases toward the rear.
In addition, let the structure of the ring body 12 shown to FIG. 1 (B) and (C) be the 1st structural example of the inner peripheral part of the ring body 12. FIG.

Next, the operation of the obturator 11 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The bullet 6 with the obturator 11 configured as described above is loaded from the muzzle 3 of the barrel 2 as shown in FIG.
When loading the bullet 6, the position of the bullet 6 is adjusted so that the projection 13 meshes with the cavity line 5, and the bullet 6 is inserted into the gun barrel 2. When the bullet 6 is loaded into the barrel 2, the outer periphery of the obturator 11 meshes with the cavity line 5, so that the initial gap between the bullet 6 and the cavity line 5 is filled. As a result, gas tightness is exhibited, and at the same time, starting pressure / inhibitory drag is generated by surface friction.

When the propellant 9 is ignited as shown in FIG. 3 (B), the propellant 9 is combusted and a combustion gas 18 is generated as shown in FIG. 3 (C). As the cavity pressure rises due to the combustion gas 18, the obturator 11 moves to the front side of the tapered portion 8 and expands and deforms. As a result, the gap between the cavity line 5 and the bullet 6 is closed, and gas tightening is performed.
Further, since the outer peripheral portion (projection 13) of the ring body 12 meshes with the cavity line 5, the rotational force generated by the cavity line 5 is received by the ring body 12, and the rotational force is transmitted to the bullet body 7 by the ring body 12. Accordingly, as the cavity pressure increases, the bullet 6 moves toward the muzzle 3 while rotating according to the degree of rotation of the cavity line 5 as shown in FIG.

According to the obturator 11 of the present embodiment described above, the functions of imparting the turning force to the bullet 6, generating the starting pressure / inhibiting drag, and gas tightness can be exhibited by itself. This can also reduce the number of parts and simplify the structure.
In addition, by previously processing the outer peripheral portion of the ring body 12 into a shape that meshes with the cavity line 5, the bullet 6 can be easily loaded into the gun barrel 2.
Moreover, since the rear inner surface of the ring body 12 is tapered, the ring body 12 receives pressure outward in the radial direction. Thereby, since the ring body 12 is easily expanded and deformed in the radial direction, gas tightness is enhanced.

Further, according to the first configuration example of the inner peripheral surface of the ring body 12 shown in FIG. 1C, the ring body 12 transmits the rotational force to the bullet body 7 only by the frictional resistance with the taper portion 8. To do. For this reason, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 1C, when the inclination angle of the contact surface between the ring body 12 and the taper portion 8 (inclination angle with respect to the axis a1 of the bullet 6) is increased, the ring body 12 is caused by cavity pressure. The contact pressure on the contact surface when receiving the forward moving force is increased, whereby the frictional resistance between the ring body 12 and the tapered portion 8 is increased. Conversely, when the tilt angle is reduced, the frictional resistance is reduced.
Therefore, the turning force transmitted from the ring body 12 to the bullet 6 can be adjusted by the inclination angle of the contact surface between the ring body 12 and the tapered portion 8 to control the rotation.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a second configuration example of the inner peripheral portion of the ring body 12. 4A is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the cross section taken along line 1B-1B of FIG. 1A, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4B-4B of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the second configuration example, a locking piece 15 that protrudes inward and is inserted into a locking hole 8 a formed in the tapered portion 8 is formed on the inner peripheral portion of the ring body 12. At the time of launch, the locking piece 15 is broken when the shearing force acting on the locking piece 15 by the turning force transmitted from the ring body 12 to the bullet 7 becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value. In FIG. 4, the locking piece 15 has a plate shape, but may have a pin shape. The number of the locking pieces 15 is four in this example, but is adjusted according to the number of rotations to be applied to the bullet 7. The dimension in the front-rear direction of the locking hole 8a is set to be longer than the dimension in the front-rear direction of the locking piece 15 so that the ring body 12 can move to the front side of the tapered portion 8 by the cavity pressure. It is inserted at a position closer to the rear of the locking hole 8a.
According to the above configuration, the rotation can be controlled by controlling the integral rotation and idling of the ring body 12 and the bullet 6 by using the number of the locking pieces 15 and the breaking strength as parameters and using the shear fracture as a trigger. it can.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a third configuration example of the inner peripheral portion of the ring body 12. 5A is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the cross section taken along line 1B-1B in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5B-5B in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, in the third configuration example, the ring body 12 is mounted so as not to rotate with respect to the bullet body 7. Specifically, a plurality of inner projections 16 projecting inward are formed on the inner circumferential portion of the ring body 12, and the taper portion 8 of the bullet 7 is engaged with the inner projection 16 so as to engage with the bullet 7 and the obturator 11. A plurality of constraining grooves 8b for constraining relative rotation with respect to the circumferential direction are formed. Further, the dimension in the front-rear direction of the restraining groove 8b is set to be longer than the dimension in the front-rear direction of the inner protrusion 16 so that the ring body 12 can move to the front side of the tapered portion 8 by cavity pressure. In the initial state, the inner protrusion 16 is restrained. It is inserted at a position closer to the rear of the groove 8b.
In the second configuration example (FIG. 4) described above, the locking piece 15 is broken when the bullet is fired. However, in this configuration example, the inner protrusion 16 is not broken by the shearing force acting when the bullet 6 is fired. The number and strength (thickness) of the protrusions 16 are set.
According to the above configuration, since the ring body 12 and the bullet 6 always rotate together, the bullet 6 rotates according to the degree of rotation of the cavity line 5. Therefore, the rotation of the bullet 6 can be controlled by the turn of the cavity line 5.

  FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the bullet 6 to which the obturator 11 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is attached. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6B-6B in FIG. 6A, and FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6C-6C in FIG. FIG. 7 is a view showing a state in which the bullet 6 equipped with the obturator 11 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is loaded on the barrel 2 of the artillery 1. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 7B-7B of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 6, an annular soft portion 17 made of a soft material is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the ring body 12. The annular soft portion 17 is formed in an annular shape without irregularities in the circumferential direction before being loaded into the gun barrel 2, but as shown in FIG. Processed or deformed into a shape that meshes with the line 5. As a soft material constituting such an annular soft portion 17, soft metals such as zinc, tin, and pure aluminum, synthetic resins (plastics), synthetic rubbers such as silicone rubber, and the like can be applied.
Further, the axial dimension of the annular soft portion 17 is shorter than the axial dimension of the ring body 12, and the annular soft portion 17 is at a position closer to the front than the rear end of the ring body 12 (approximately the center in the example of FIG. 6). Is provided.

  The structure of the other part of the obturator 11 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is the same as the structure of the same part shown in FIG.

  Next, the operation of the obturator 11 according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In each of FIGS. 8B to 8D, the figure shown in the lower right part is an enlarged view showing the state of the obturator 11 at each stage of bullet firing.

The bullet 6 mounted with the obturator 11 according to the second embodiment configured as described above is loaded from the muzzle 3 of the barrel 2 as shown in FIG. Is done. As the bullet 6 is loaded, the annular soft portion 17 is processed or deformed into a shape that meshes with the cavity line 5, so that an initial gap between the bullet 6 and the cavity line 5 is filled (see FIG. 8B). (See the lower right figure). As a result, gas tightness is exhibited, and at the same time, starting pressure / inhibitory drag is generated by surface friction.
When the propellant 9 is ignited as shown in FIG. 8 (B), the propellant 9 is combusted and a combustion gas 18 is generated as shown in FIG. 8 (C). As the cavity pressure rises due to the combustion gas 18, the obturator 11 moves to the front side of the tapered portion 8 and expands and deforms. As a result, the gap between the cavity line 5 and the bullet 6 is closed, and gas tightening is performed.

Furthermore, as the cavity pressure increases, as shown in FIG. 8D, the obturator 11 (the ring body 12 and the annular soft portion 17) is largely deformed, so that the gas tightness is further increased.
Further, since the annular soft portion 17 is processed or deformed and meshes with the cavity line 5, the rotational force by the cavity line 5 is received by the ring body 12, and the rotational force is transmitted to the bullet body 7 by the ring body 12. Thus, as the cavity pressure increases, the bullet 6 moves toward the muzzle 3 while rotating according to the degree of rotation of the cavity line 5 as shown in FIG.

According to the second embodiment described above, as in the first embodiment, the obturator 11 alone provides the functions of imparting a turning force to the bullet 6, generation of starting pressure / inhibition drag, and gas tightness. can do. This can also reduce the number of parts and simplify the structure.
Further, since the annular soft portion 17 is processed or deformed into a shape that meshes with the cavity line 5 when the bullet is loaded, it is not necessary to process the outer peripheral portion into a shape that meshes with the cavity line 5 in advance.
Further, since the rear inner peripheral surface 12a of the ring body 12 expands in a tapered shape, the ring body 12 receives pressure outward in the radial direction. Thereby, since the ring body 12 is easily expanded and deformed in the radial direction, gas tightness is enhanced.
Further, since the annular soft portion 17 is provided at a position closer to the front side than the rear end of the ring body 12, as shown in FIG. Fills the groove of the cavity 5, so that the gas tightness is further enhanced.

  Also in the second embodiment, the inner peripheral portion of the ring body 12 may be the second configuration example (FIG. 4) or the third configuration example (FIG. 5) in addition to the first configuration example described above. .

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the description of the scope of claims, and further includes meanings equivalent to the description of the scope of claims and all modifications within the scope.

It is a block diagram of the bullet with which the obturator concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention was mounted | worn. It is a figure which shows the state with which the bullet with which the obturator concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention was mounted | worn was loaded in the barrel of a gun. It is a figure explaining the effect | action of the obturator concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 2nd structural example of the inner peripheral part of a ring body. It is a figure which shows the 3rd structural example of the inner peripheral part of a ring body. It is a block diagram of the bullet with which the obturator concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention was mounted | worn. It is a figure which shows the state with which the bullet with which the obturator concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention was mounted | worn was loaded in the barrel of a gun. It is a figure explaining the effect | action of the obturator concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining a prior art.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Firearm 2 Gun barrel 3 Muzzle 4 Turret 5 Cavity 6 Bullet 7 Bullet 8 Tapered part 8a Locking hole 8b Locking groove 9 Firing charge 10 Charge holding cylinder 11 Obturator 12 Ring body 12a Rear inner peripheral surface 13 Projection 14 Locking part 15 Locking piece 16 Inner protrusion 17 Annular soft part 18 Combustion gas

Claims (8)

It is an obturator that is composed of a ring body that is mounted concentrically with the bullet on the outer periphery of a bullet fired by a gun formed on the inner wall of the gun barrel,
The bullet has a tapered portion whose outer diameter decreases toward the rear,
The ring body includes an outer peripheral portion that meshes with the cavity line, and an inner peripheral portion that fits into the tapered portion, and moves to the front side of the tapered portion under the pressure of combustion gas from the rear when a bullet is fired. An obturator characterized by that.   The obturator according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of protrusions meshing with the cavity line are formed on the outer peripheral portion of the ring body at intervals in the circumferential direction.   The obturator according to claim 1, wherein an annular soft portion made of a soft material that is processed or deformed into a shape that meshes with the cavity line by loading a bullet into the barrel is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the ring body.   The obturator according to claim 3, wherein the annular soft portion is provided at a position closer to the front than the rear end of the ring body.   The obturator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a rear inner peripheral surface of the ring body is formed in a shape in which an inner diameter is increased toward a rear side.   The obturator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ring body transmits a turning force to the bullet body only by a frictional resistance between the ring body and the taper portion. A locking piece that protrudes inward and is inserted into a locking hole formed in the tapered portion is formed on the inner peripheral portion,
The locking piece is configured to be broken when a shearing force acting on the locking piece is greater than or equal to a predetermined value by a turning force transmitted from the ring body to the bullet during bullet firing. 5. The obturator according to any one of 5.   The obturator according to claim 1, wherein the ring body is mounted so as not to rotate with respect to the bullet body.

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