JP2009095344A - Apparatus for measuring adaptive response of plant body and method for measuring adaptive response of plant body - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately and easily determine the response of a plant body on stress. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus is provided with a clipping part 20 to clip a measuring part of a plant body, a first electrode and a second electrode arranged on one surface clipped with the clipping part 20 interposing a prescribed gap between the electrodes, a measuring part 10 to apply a prescribed electric signal to the first electrode and the second electrode and measuring the characteristics of the applied electric signal, and a result informing part 15 to display or output the result measured by the measuring part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an adaptive response measuring apparatus and an adaptive response measuring method for measuring an adaptive response generated by an external stress applied to a plant body such as a crop, a flower, a flowering tree, or a forest product.

  Conventionally, in the cultivation of plants such as crops, flowers, flowering trees and forest products, the amount of moisture and fertilizer and the timing of applying them are adjusted to give the plant moderate stress, such as the taste of fruits and vegetables and the color of petals. It has been carried out to adjust the quality, etc., shelf life, flowering period, etc.

  For the purpose of improving quality and durability even after harvesting of plants, transport methods and management methods suitable for each plant have been taken. Traditionally, farmers have been developing these cultivation methods based on their own years of experience.

  The purchasers of fruits and vegetables also made judgments by guessing the freshness and deliciousness from the appearance of fruits and vegetables in the market and stores.

  Thus, conventionally, the state of a plant body was only estimated from the appearance and the like, and it was practically impossible to know the stress that the plant body is currently receiving and the stress received in the past. Therefore, as a result of receiving the stress for a certain period of time, it can be understood that the plant body has been stressed for the first time by a reaction such as withering of the plant body. From the above, it has been impossible to accurately judge this. Traditionally, cultivating farmers such as crops have judged these stresses based on experience, but skill is necessary to judge based on experience, and it was not easy for anyone to judge. .

It would be convenient if the stress applied to the plant body could be quantified, and in recent years, attempts have been made to measure the stress response of the plant body in a non-destructive state. The inventor of the present application previously proposed a “plant adaptive response measurement method” described in Patent Document 1.
The “Adaptive Response Measurement Method for Plants” described in Patent Document 1 measures a signal reflected from a plant by irradiating the plant with microwaves. According to the method described in Patent Document 1 invented earlier, there is an effect that the history of the stress adaptive response of the plant body can be measured without damaging the plant body.
JP 2006-67954 A

By the way, in the invention described in Patent Document 1 previously proposed by the inventor of the present application, a microwave having a relatively high frequency is irradiated to a plant body, and a reflected signal from the irradiated plant body is measured. Although it was proposed that the history of the stress adaptation response of the plant body could be measured, there were various problems in actually measuring with high accuracy.
That is, Patent Document 1 describes the principle of measuring the history of stress adaptive response of a plant body by microwave irradiation. However, in order to accurately measure the history of stress adaptive response, measurement conditions are set accurately and uniformly. For example, when measuring the state of a leaf of a plant, it is necessary to make the condition of extracting the reflected wave by irradiating the microwave uniform, but it does not damage the plant body Therefore, in order to always perform uniform measurement, it is necessary to accurately set the position where the microwave is irradiated and the reflected wave is extracted.

  That is, in the measurement method described in Patent Document 1, a plate is fixed on the stage of an electronic balance, a plant is placed on the plate, and the coaxial probe of the measurement device is brought into contact with the plant. Thus, the measurement is performed. However, in the measurement using such a coaxial probe, it is necessary to pay attention to the contact state with the plant body, and even if accurate measurement can be performed at the laboratory level, it is grown on an outdoor farm or the like. In order to accurately measure the stress adaptation response of crops, some ingenuity was required.

  This invention is made | formed in view of these points, and it aims at enabling it to measure the stress response of a plant body correctly and easily.

  The adaptive response measuring apparatus for a plant body of the present invention includes a clip part that sandwiches a measurement point of a plant body, and a first electrode and a second electrode that are arranged with a predetermined distance between one surface sandwiched between the clip parts. A measuring unit that applies a predetermined electric signal to the first electrode and the second electrode, measures the characteristics of the applied electric signal, and a result notification unit that displays or outputs the result measured by the measuring unit. It is characterized by having a configuration provided.

  Moreover, the adaptive response measuring method of a plant body of the present invention sandwiches a measurement point of the plant body, and contacts the first electrode and the second electrode with a gap of a predetermined distance on one surface of the sandwiched plant body. And applying a predetermined electric signal to the plant body through the contacted first electrode and the second electrode, measuring the characteristics of the applied electric signal, and displaying or outputting the measured result. It is characterized by.

According to the present invention, the first electrode and the second electrode arranged at a predetermined distance come into contact with one surface of the plant body in a certain area, and the surface of the plant body and the two electrodes The contact state can be made almost uniform, and by setting the pressure sandwiched between the clip portions to be relatively weak, the electrical signal can be applied to the plant body in a uniform state without damaging the plant body. The characteristics of the applied electrical signal can be measured.
Therefore, the stress adaptive response of the plant body can be easily measured with high accuracy. For example, the stress adaptive response can be easily measured at any time for a plant being cultivated on a farm.

  In addition, by measuring the characteristics after elapse of a predetermined time from the start of application of the electrical signal in the measurement unit, the measurement of the electrical characteristics of the plant that is likely to vary over time from the start of measurement, It can be performed accurately under constant conditions at all times.

  In addition, since the gap between the first electrode and the second electrode is formed in a curved shape such as a waveform, the state where the surface of the plant body and the two electrodes are in contact has anisotropy. Measurement with uniform contact state with the plant leaf is possible.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to a process for measuring a history of stress given to a plant body.

First, the stress given to plants will be explained. Usually, plants such as growing crops, flowers, flowers, trees and forest products and plants after harvest, plants such as flowers, flowers, trees and forest products are dried. Normal growth of plants such as stress due to salt, stress due to salt, stress due to high or low temperature, stress due to chemicals such as harmful drugs and gases, physical stress such as damage to leaves and stems, stress received by pests and microorganisms It is known that when subjected to external stress that inhibits (hereinafter referred to as external stress of plants), the plant causes a stress response and generates amino acids, proteins, and strong electrolytes as stress adaptive response substances. It has been. Responses due to these stresses are referred to as external stress adaptive response responses of plants. The external stress adaptive response response of the plant body is measured in the present embodiment.
In addition, the plant body described in this embodiment includes both the plant body being cultivated and the plant body after harvest, and the stress history measurement process of the present embodiment is the plant body being cultivated and the plant after harvest. It can be applied to any body. However, all the experimental examples to be described later are examples performed on plants that are being cultivated.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the overall configuration of stress measurement according to this embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, a plant 1 to be measured is prepared, a leaf part 1 a of the plant 1 is sandwiched between clip parts 20, and a stress adaptive response of the leaf part 1 a is measured. The clip unit 20 is connected to the measurement apparatus 10 main body with a cable, and performs measurement by an operation on the measurement apparatus 10 side. The measuring device 10 is provided with a display panel constituting the display unit 15 and operation keys constituting the operation unit 16.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of the measurement apparatus 10. In the measuring apparatus 10, a battery 12 is connected to the applied signal generating unit 11, and the applied signal generating unit 11 generates an electrical signal to be applied to the plant body. The electric signal to be generated is a high-frequency signal having a frequency of about 100 kHz to several hundreds of MHz. The voltage of the signal is a relatively weak voltage that does not affect the plant body.
The application signal generated by the application signal generation unit 11 is supplied to the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 on the clip unit 20 side via a cable. The configuration on the clip unit 20 side will be described later.

Then, the measurement unit 17 detects the electrical characteristics of the signals applied via the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23. In this example, the electrical characteristics measured by the measurement unit 17 are a relative permittivity (C) that is a reactance component and a conductivity (R) that is a resistance component.
The values of relative dielectric constant (C) and conductivity (R) measured by the measurement unit 17 are supplied to the calculation unit 13 and calculation processing is performed by the calculation unit 13 to obtain necessary measurement values. As calculation processing in the calculation unit 13, a case where the relative permittivity (C) and the conductivity (R) are obtained as individual measured values, and a value obtained by dividing the conductivity (R) by the relative permittivity (C) ( R / C) and a value √ (R / C) to obtain a square root by multiplying the conductivity (R) and the relative dielectric constant (C).

The measured value obtained by the calculation unit 13 is stored in the memory 14 and displayed on the display unit 15. As the display on the display unit 15, the numerical value measured and calculated is displayed as a number as it is. Alternatively, the stress history of the plant body may be estimated based on the difference from the past measurement value, and the estimated result (such as the presence or absence of stress) may be displayed.
The operation unit 16 includes operation keys for performing operations for starting and ending measurement, setting measurement conditions, reading past measurement values, and the like.
In the configuration of FIG. 2, the measurement result is notified by display on the display unit 15, but an output unit for outputting the measurement result and the stored data in the memory is provided and output from the output unit. Data such as measurement results may be supplied to an external data processing device (such as a personal computer device).
In the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the processing for generating the applied signal and the measurement processing are performed on the measurement apparatus 10 side. However, for example, signal processing and amplification for generating a high-frequency signal in the clip unit 20. Alternatively, it may be configured to perform processing for measurement in the clip unit 20.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the clip portion 20 of this example. The clip part 20 which pinches | interposes the plant to measure is connected with the measuring apparatus 10 main body via the cable.
In the clip part 20, a first electrode 22 and a second electrode 23 are arranged on the upper surface of the tip 21 a of the elongated bottom plate part 21. The first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 are individually connected to the measuring apparatus 10 side as shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view showing the electrodes 22 and 23 arranged at the tip 21 a of the bottom plate portion 21.
Each of the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 is configured such that a conductive metal is attached to the tip 21 a of the bottom plate portion 21.
The first electrode 22 is a plate-shaped electrode member having a substantially hexagonal star shape, and the second electrode 23 is disposed on the outer periphery of the first electrode 22. The second electrode 23 is formed by extracting the central edge 23a of the circular electrode plate into a shape corresponding to the shape of the edge 22a of the first electrode 22 (that is, a substantially hexagonal star shape). The edge 22a of 22 and the edge 23a of the second electrode 23 are in a state of facing each other with a waveform having a constant distance (width) over the entire circumference. The opposing widths of the edges 22a and 22b of the electrodes 22 and 23 are set to a distance of about 1 mm, for example. In the case of this example, this width is a constant width of about 1 mm, but it is not necessarily constant. The diameter of the second electrode 23 having a circular outer shape is, for example, about 0.5 cm.
By adopting the electrode shape shown in FIG. 4, the contact state between the surface of the plant body and the two electrodes has anisotropy, and the measurement of the plant body can be performed in a constant state at all times.

Returning to the explanation of FIG. 3, an elongated movable portion 25 is rotated via a shaft portion 24 on the bottom plate portion 21 on which the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 configured as described above are arranged. It is arranged in a state where it can be swung. The shaft portion 24 is disposed at a substantially central portion of the bottom plate portion 21 and can swing the movable portion 25. Note that the mechanism for attaching the lever 27 to the shaft portion 24 incorporates a mechanism for adjusting the maximum pressure at which the distal end side of the movable portion 25 comes into contact with the distal end side of the bottom plate portion 21. When the pressure is set and the distal end side of the movable portion 25 is brought into contact with the distal end side of the bottom plate portion 21, the contact is made with the pressure adjusted by the adjustment mechanism of the lever 27.
A pressing member 26 is attached to the distal end 25 a of the movable portion 25. The pressing member 26 is attached to a position opposite to the arrangement position of the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 on the bottom plate portion 21 side, and is a member made of a material having a relatively soft dielectric property close to air, such as foamed polystyrene. It is made up of. The surface of the pressing member 26 that faces both the electrodes 22 and 23 is a flat surface that is at least approximately equal to or slightly larger in diameter than the second electrode 23.

When performing the measurement, as shown in FIG. 5, with the plant 1a to be measured (such as a leaf) placed on the tip 21a of the bottom plate 21, the tip 25a of the movable portion 25 is pushed down to the bottom plate 21 side. The plant is sandwiched between the pressing member 26 and the bottom plate portion 21, and the plant 1 a is brought into contact with the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23.
When sandwiching in this way, the movable part 25 shown in FIG. 3 is held and the tip 25a of the movable part 25 is lowered to the state shown in FIG. In the case of this example, the contact pressure is regulated by the pressure adjusting mechanism described above, and the pressure when the bottom plate portion 21 and the movable portion 25 are in contact with each other is maintained substantially constant. is there. Thus, by setting the pressure sandwiched at the time of measurement to be a relatively weak constant pressure, the sandwiched plant 1a can be measured in a constant state without being damaged. It is preferable to select an appropriate value depending on the plant to be measured, but basically the minimum pressure that can stably maintain the contact between the surface of the plant such as a leaf and the electrode. Yes, with very weak pressure.

FIG. 22 shows the relationship between the hardness of the leaf (horizontal axis) and an appropriate weight (vertical axis) when the leaf is sandwiched by the tip 25a of the movable portion 25 of the clip portion 20 at the time of measurement. In this example, the outer shape of the first electrode 23 shown in FIG. 3 is a circular electrode having a diameter of 5 mm.
In the case of plants with hard leaves such as mandarin oranges and orchids, stable measurement is difficult unless the electrodes are adapted to the leaves in order to keep the shape of the leaves constant. For this reason, in a group having a hard leaf, the weight applied to the tip 25a of the movable portion 25 of the grip portion 20 is made relatively large. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 22, stable measurement can be performed by setting the weight to about 200N.
On the other hand, since the leaves such as pumpkin, radish, tomato, chrysanthemum, and spinach belonging to the group with soft leaves damage the leaves, the load applied to the tip 25a of the movable portion 25 of the grip portion 20 is made relatively small. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 22, stable measurement can be performed by setting the weight to about 100N.
Also, as shown in FIG. 22, in the case of plants belonging to the middle of a hard group and a soft group such as carnations and roses, a stable measurement can be performed by setting the weight to about 150N.

  Depending on the growth state of the plant, the appropriate weight value may change. That is, the weight that was appropriate in the case of soft sprouts can grow and become too low. In order to confirm whether or not the weight is appropriate, it is only necessary to repeat the measurement a plurality of times and verify whether or not the measurement value has a normal distribution. If the weight is appropriate, the measurement value is normally distributed. If the weight is inappropriate, the measurement value is out of the normal distribution. Therefore, it is possible to easily determine whether the pressure is appropriate. When the electrode shape is different, the appropriate weight changes. Similarly, if the distribution is a normal distribution by repeating the measurement a plurality of times, it may be determined that the weight is appropriate.

In the example of FIG. 4, the wavy curved shape is formed between the two electrodes. However, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the shape may be a simple circular shape with the edges of the two electrodes facing each other. .
That is, as shown in FIG. 6, two electrodes 22 ′ and 23 ′ are arranged on the bottom plate portion 21. Here, the outer peripheral edge 22a 'of the inner electrode 22' is circular, and the inner peripheral edge 23a 'of the outer electrode 23' is also circular, so that the gap between the two electrodes is circular and substantially constant. You may make it oppose. Alternatively, the shape may not be constant.

Next, an example of plant measurement processing will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
First, in the state where the plant to be measured is sandwiched between the clip portions 20 as shown in FIG. 5, a button or the like prepared as the operation portion 16 of the measuring device 10 is pressed to perform the measurement start operation. In the measuring apparatus 10, it is determined whether or not there is a measurement start operation (step S11). When there is a measurement start operation, application of voltage via the electrodes 22 and 23 of the clip unit 20 is started (step S12). .
When the voltage application is started, the measurement apparatus 10 determines whether the measured value has risen, determines that the measurement starts when the value rises to a certain value, and determines that the measurement has started. It is determined whether or not the time has reached a predetermined time t1 (step S13). As this predetermined time, it is preferable to select a relatively short time, such as 5 seconds or 10 seconds, for which the measured value is stable.

If it is determined that the predetermined time t1 has elapsed from the start of measurement, the relative permittivity (C) and conductivity (R) at that time are taken in by the measurement unit 17 (step S14). When the measured value is taken in, display data is calculated by calculation using the taken measured value, and the calculated data is stored in the memory 14 and simultaneously displayed on the display unit 15 (step S15). .
When a separate data processing device such as a personal computer device is connected to the measuring device 10, the calculated data and the data stored in the memory 14 are output and supplied to the data processing device. .

Here, the setting of the time t1 from the voltage application start to the measurement shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 8 shows a specific plant (tomato seedling leaf) sandwiched between clip portions 20 and continuously applied with a high-frequency signal in the sandwiched state, with a relative permittivity (C) and conduction continuously. The example of a change at the time of measuring a rate (R) is shown. The elapsed time on the horizontal axis is seconds.
In the example shown in FIG. 8, the relative permittivity C1 and conductivity R1 indicated by black circles are examples of characteristic values of plants that are not given stress, and the relative permittivity C2 and conductivity R2 indicated by white circles are: It is an example of the characteristic value of the plant which gave stress. Regarding stress itself, an example will be described when a specific experimental example is described later.

As can be seen from FIG. 8, each value changes with the elapsed time from the start of application of the high-frequency signal. Therefore, by measuring the relative permittivity (C) and the conductivity (R) at the timing when a certain time t1 has elapsed from the start of signal application, it is possible to always measure under constant conditions.
For example, in the example of FIG. 8, by setting the time t1 to a time such as 5 seconds or 10 seconds, the characteristic value with stress and the characteristic value without stress can be clearly distinguished.
However, as shown in FIG. 8, the time until the measured value is stabilized is related to the pressure when the plant body is sandwiched between the clip parts 20, and the higher the pressure is, the more stable the pressure is and the lower the pressure is. It takes longer and affects the stability of the measurement. Therefore, when deciding the pressure when the plant body is sandwiched by the clip unit 20, the plant body is sandwiched by the clip unit 20 so that damage to the plant body is minimized and about 5 seconds or 10 seconds. Thus, it is preferable to select a pressure that is stable in a relatively short time.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a change in a relatively short time up to several tens of seconds in which the shape of the leaf deforms along the shape of the electrode, but the adaptation of the plant over several hours after the stress is applied. As a state where the response is measured, for example, a state shown in FIG. 9 is obtained. FIG. 9 shows a change for 300 minutes after applying stress.
The example of FIG. 9 shows the change over time in the output value of spinach, in which no stress is applied (relative permittivity C1 ′, conductivity R1 ′), and a chloride of 0.1 mol / L concentration. The example (relative dielectric constant C2 ', conductivity R2') of the state which gave the stress by sodium (NaCl) is shown. As described above, in the case of spinach, with and without stress, contrary to the case of FIG. 8, both the relative permittivity and the conductivity are higher with the stress. As the change over time, within 1 hour after applying stress, a relatively higher value is measured than without stress, and after 1 hour, a value slightly higher than that without stress is measured. It is in a state to be.
As can be seen from FIG. 8, the appropriate measurement time for satisfactorily determining the state with stress varies depending on the type and state of the plant to be measured (leaf thickness, surface state, etc.). In addition, from FIG. 9, the change state obtained as a result of the measurement is completely different depending on the type of plant body and the type of stress. In each plant body, what time is measured, what state is stressed, which It is necessary to know whether such a state is stress-free by conducting a test in advance on the corresponding plant body.

  Next, referring to FIG. 10 and subsequent figures, an example in which the measurement apparatus 10 and the clip unit 20 according to the present embodiment are prepared and a plant is in a stressed state and a stressless state is measured over a long period of time. I will explain. Each measurement in each measurement example described below is a result of measurement by the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG.

First, tomato seedlings were prepared and cultivated (hydroponic cultivation) as a plant, and liquid fertilizer containing sodium chloride (NaCl) was given to the tomato seedlings. FIG. 10 to FIG. 15 are compared with those given the liquid fertilizer without adding (no stress).
FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing the relative permittivity (C) and the conductivity (R) as they are. The horizontal axis indicates the characteristics C11, C12, and C13, and the characteristics R11, R12, and R13 indicate the conductivity. It is.
In FIG. 10, the relative dielectric constant C11 and the conductivity R11 plotted with black circles are characteristics without stress, and the relative dielectric constant C12 and the conductivity R12 plotted with a single white circle are chlorides having a concentration of 0.1 mol / L. It is the characteristic at the time of cultivating by giving sodium as stress, and was cultivated by giving as a stress sodium chloride having a relative dielectric constant C13 and conductivity R13 plotted by double white circles of 0.2 mol / L. The case characteristics. However, the period for selectively applying stress by sodium chloride is from the 6th day to the 12th day, and from the 18th day to the 21st day, the concentration is 0.1 mol / L for all seedlings. Of sodium chloride as stress.
Each characteristic is an example of measuring the leaves of the ninth branch (that is, the ninth branch from the bottom), and is an average value of two seedlings.

As shown in the example of FIG. 10, in the case of the characteristics C11 and R11 where no stress is applied, the change in the value is small, but the characteristics C12 and C12 where stress of sodium chloride having a concentration of 0.1 mol / L is applied. In the case of the characteristics C13 and R13 in which R12 and sodium chloride having a concentration of 0.2 mol / L are applied as stresses, the respective values are greatly reduced immediately after the stress is started.
In the example of FIG. 10, in the case of the characteristics C12 and R12, in which sodium chloride having a concentration of 0.1 mol / L, which is a relatively weak stress, is given as stress, the value decreases as the day passes after each value decreases. Can be seen to be back. When the state is returned to the state where no stress is applied, the characteristics are almost the same as those without stress.
On the other hand, in the case of the characteristics C13 and R13, in which sodium chloride having a concentration of 0.2 mol / L, which is a relatively strong stress, is applied as stress, as long as the stress is continuously applied, the value remains almost reduced and does not recover. Even if it returns to the state where there is no stress, it is a characteristic that is still depressed.

  FIG. 11 shows each characteristic of FIG. 10 as a value (R / C) obtained by dividing the conductivity (R) by the relative dielectric constant (C). The value R / C11 is a value obtained from the characteristics C11 and R11 in FIG. 10, the value R / C12 is a value obtained from the characteristics C12 and R12 in FIG. 10, and the value R / C13 is the characteristic in FIG. This is a value obtained from C13 and R13. As shown in FIG. 11, even when the conductivity (R) and the relative dielectric constant (C) are shown as one value, the stressed state and the stressless state can be distinguished from the calculation result. .

  FIG. 12 shows each characteristic of FIG. 10 as a value √ (CR) obtained by multiplying the conductivity (R) and the relative dielectric constant (C) to obtain the square root. The value √ (CR) 11 is a value obtained from the characteristics C11 and R11 in FIG. 10, and the value √ (CR) 12 is a value obtained from the characteristics C12 and R12 in FIG. Is a value obtained from the characteristics C13 and R13 of FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, even when the conductivity (R) and the relative dielectric constant (C) are shown as one value, the stressed state and the stressless state can be distinguished from the calculation result. .

FIG. 13 shows the distribution of leaf characteristics of tomato seedlings with the respective characteristics of conductivity (R) and relative dielectric constant (C) measured as shown in FIG. (R), the abscissa indicates the relative dielectric constant (C). As shown in FIG. 13, in the case before stress is applied, all examples have almost the same distribution state.
On the other hand, FIG. 14 shows the distribution of the same measured values after applying stress. As shown in FIG. 14, there are no stress, a characteristic that sodium chloride having a concentration of 0.1 mol / L is given as stress, and a characteristic that sodium chloride having a concentration of 0.2 mol / L is given as stress. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that they are distributed in different ranges.

Further, FIG. 15 shows the distribution of the same measurement values after removing the stress. As shown in FIG. 15, there are no stress, a characteristic in which sodium chloride at a concentration of 0.1 mol / L is given as stress, and a characteristic in which sodium chloride at a concentration of 0.2 mol / L is given as stress. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that they are distributed in different ranges, and the presence or absence of stress can be found as in the example of FIG.
Thus, as shown in FIG. 14, not only the situation where stress is applied and the situation where stress is not applied can be seen from the measurement result of this example, but also after removing the stress as shown in FIG. It can be seen from the measurement result of this example whether or not there was stress. In this example, since the history of stress due to sodium chloride is known, the stress history due to salt damage can be determined (estimated) by applying to actual plant cultivation.

FIGS. 16 to 21 show that there is no stress when the liquid fertilizer concentration is cultivated at the normal concentration, and there is an example where the liquid fertilizer 5 times the normal concentration is given and an example where the liquid fertilizer 10 times is given as the stress. .
FIG. 16 is a characteristic diagram showing the measured relative dielectric constant (C) and conductivity (R) as they are. The horizontal axis shows the relative dielectric constants of the characteristics C31, C32, and C43, and the characteristics R31, R32, and R33. Is the conductivity.
In FIG. 16, the relative permittivity C31 and the conductivity R31 plotted with black circles are the characteristics without stress cultivated at the normal concentration, and the relative permittivity C32 and the conductivity R32 plotted with a single white circle are 5 times the liquid fertilizer. Are the characteristics when cultivated with stress applied, and the relative dielectric constant C33 and conductivity R33 plotted with double white circles are characteristics when cultivated with 10 times more liquid fertilizer applied as stress. However, the period of applying stress by changing the concentration of liquid fertilizer is from the 8th day to the 14th day, and the liquid fertilizer of normal concentration is given for all other periods.
Each characteristic is an example of measuring the leaves of the ninth branch (that is, the ninth branch from the bottom), and is an average value of two seedlings.

As shown in the example of FIG. 16, in the case of the characteristics C31 and R31 where stress is not applied, the change in the value is small, but the characteristics C32 and R32 where stress of 5 times liquid fertilizer is applied and 10 times as much as the stress. In the case of the characteristics C33 and R33 to which liquid fertilizer is applied as stress, the characteristic value is greatly reduced immediately after the stress is applied by applying the stress. After that, when the stress is continuously applied, the characteristic value gradually returns to the original value, but there is a slight decrease in the characteristic value even after the stress is removed.
FIG. 17 shows each characteristic of FIG. 16 as a value (R / C) obtained by dividing the conductivity (R) by the relative dielectric constant (C). The value R / C31 is a value obtained from the characteristics C31 and R31 in FIG. 16, the value R / C32 is a value obtained from the characteristics C32 and R32 in FIG. 16, and the value R / C33 is the characteristic in FIG. This is a value obtained from C33 and R33.
FIG. 18 shows each characteristic of FIG. 16 as a value √ (CR) obtained by multiplying the conductivity (R) and the relative dielectric constant (C) to obtain the square root. The value √ (CR) 31 is a value obtained from the characteristics C31 and R31 in FIG. 16, and the value √ (CR) 32 is a value obtained from the characteristics C32 and R32 in FIG. Is a value obtained from the characteristics C33 and R33 in FIG. As shown in FIG. 18, the state with stress and the state without stress can be distinguished from the calculation result also by indicating the conductivity (R) and the relative dielectric constant (C) as one value. .

FIG. 19 shows the distribution of leaf characteristics of tomato seedlings having the characteristics of conductivity (R) and relative dielectric constant (C) measured as shown in FIG. (R), the abscissa indicates the relative dielectric constant (C). Thus, the characteristic distribution before applying stress is almost the same in any example.
On the other hand, FIG. 20 shows the distribution of the same measurement values after applying stress. As shown in FIG. 20, each of the characteristics without stress, the characteristics given with 5 times liquid fertilizer as stress, and the characteristics given with 10 times liquid fertilizer as stress, It can be seen that they are distributed in different ranges.
Furthermore, FIG. 21 shows the distribution of the same measured values after removing the stress. As shown in FIG. 21, the characteristics of those without stress, the characteristics given with 5 times liquid fertilizer as stress, and the characteristics given with 10 times liquid fertilizer as stress are also distributed in comparison with each other before giving stress. It can be seen that the range is slightly different.

  As described above, by measuring with the measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, it is possible to measure whether or not stress has been given to the plant body. It is possible to measure whether or not it has been applied, and it is possible to measure the state of application of stress during the growth of the plant and the presence or absence of application of past stress. By measuring the stress applied to the plant in this way, it becomes possible for the cultivated person to easily determine whether or not the current growth state of the plant is appropriate. For example, in the case of fruits and vegetables, depending on the type, it may be preferable to give a moderate stress to sweeten the fruits, but such a thing is also accurate according to the measuring device according to the present embodiment. It will be possible to judge.

In particular, according to the present embodiment, a clip part 20 having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 and the like is prepared, and a high frequency signal is applied to the plant body with the electrodes 22 and 23 provided on the clip part 20 to measure its characteristics. Thus, stable and good characteristic measurement is possible. That is, the gap between the two electrodes 22 and 23 that come into contact with one surface of the plant as the measurement object has a wavy shape with a curve, so that the plant having anisotropy that is the object to be measured Even if the position where the body is sandwiched is slightly different each time, even if the position where the plant body is sandwiched by the electrode shape is not exactly the same every time, the voltage is applied to the plant body in a substantially uniform state. And a very good measurement result with little variation can be obtained.
In addition, the shape of the two electrodes 22 and 23 shown in FIG. 3 etc. is an example, and may be other shapes as long as the electrode shape can obtain the same effect.

  Further, in the example described in the above-described embodiment, the measurement is made on the stress applied to the growing plant. For example, when transporting or storing harvested vegetables or cut flowers, etc. The presence or absence of applied stress can also be measured.

  In addition to displaying the measured conductivity (R) and relative dielectric constant (C) as they are, the above-mentioned values obtained by calculating these values are displayed as display and output of measurement results. As a display form, in addition to displaying the measured value and the calculated value itself, the display may be compared with the past value, or the tendency of the measured value or the calculated value may be displayed. Various display forms (output forms) are applicable. For example, it may be displayed like a graph showing trends from the past shown in FIGS.

  In the embodiment described above, both the conductivity (R) and the relative dielectric constant (C) are measured, but either one may be measured. Alternatively, other electrical characteristics may be measured.

Furthermore, as described above, each measurement result is not displayed as it is, but for example, the measurement device has various measurement patterns of external stress adaptive response responses of various types of plants as a database. By selecting the plant to be measured by the device, the type of stress, etc., comparing the selected state with the database and the measuring device, it is determined whether there is no stress or stress, The determination result itself may be notified by display or the like.
The determination of the presence or absence of the stress and the degree of the stress may be performed on the personal computer device side by, for example, connecting a measurement device to the personal computer device and sending measurement data to the connected personal computer device. Good.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of whole structure by one embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the apparatus structural example by one embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structural example of the clip part by one embodiment of this invention. It is a partially broken enlarged view which expands and shows the electrode part of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of the state which pinched | interposed the plant body in the clip part by one embodiment of this invention. It is a partially broken enlarged view which shows the modification of the shape of the electrode part of FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the example of a measurement process by one embodiment of this invention. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a change by the measurement time by the embodiment of the present invention (example of change in several tens of seconds). It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a change (measurement example in several hours) by the measurement time by one embodiment of this invention. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement by one embodiment of this invention (The example of a daily change of the output C of the tomato leaf part when sodium chloride is given). It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement by one embodiment of this invention (The example of a daily change of output R / C of the tomato leaf part when sodium chloride is given). It is a characteristic figure which shows the example of a measurement by one embodiment of this invention (The example of the daily change of output √R / C of the tomato leaf part when sodium chloride is given). It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement (example of the output R before giving stress) by one embodiment of this invention. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement (example of the output R after giving stress) by one embodiment of this invention. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement (example of the output R after stress removal) by one embodiment of this invention. It is a characteristic figure which shows the example of a measurement by one embodiment of this invention (The daily change example of the output C of the tomato leaf part by liquid fertilizer concentration stress). It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement by one embodiment of this invention (A daily change example of output R / C of the tomato leaf part by liquid fertilizer concentration stress). It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement by one embodiment of this invention (The example of the daily change of output √R / C of the tomato leaf part by the liquid fertilizer concentration stress). It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement (example of the output R before giving stress) by one embodiment of this invention. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement (example of the output R after giving stress) by one embodiment of this invention. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of a measurement (example of the output R after stress removal) by one embodiment of this invention. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of the relationship between the kind of plant and the optimal weight of a clip part by one embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Plant, 1a ... Leaf part, 10 ... Measuring apparatus, 11 ... Applied signal generation part, 12 ... Power supply, 13 ... Calculation part, 14 ... Memory, 15 ... Display part, 16 ... Operation part, 17 ... Electrical property measurement part 20 ... clip part, 21 ... bottom plate part, 21a ... tip, 22 ... first electrode, 22a ... electrode edge, 23 ... second electrode, 23a ... electrode edge, 24 ... shaft part, 25 ... movable part, 25a ... Tip, 26 ... Presser member, 27 ... Lever

Claims (5)

In an apparatus for measuring an adaptive response of a plant for measuring an adaptive response of the plant caused by external stress applied to the plant,
A clip portion sandwiching the measurement point of the plant body,
A first electrode and a second electrode disposed on one surface sandwiched between the clip portions with a predetermined distance between them;
A measuring unit that applies a predetermined electrical signal to the first electrode and the second electrode and measures characteristics of the applied electrical signal;
An adaptive response measuring apparatus for a plant, comprising: a result notifying unit that displays or outputs a result measured by the measuring unit. The apparatus for measuring an adaptive response of a plant according to claim 1,
The apparatus for measuring an adaptive response of a plant body, wherein the measurement unit measures a characteristic after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of application of the electrical signal. The apparatus for measuring an adaptive response of a plant according to claim 1,
The adaptive response measuring apparatus for a plant body, wherein the gap between the first electrode and the second electrode is a curved gap. The apparatus for measuring an adaptive response of a plant according to claim 1,
The apparatus for measuring an adaptive response of a plant, wherein the measurement unit measures at least one of a reactance component and a resistance component as a characteristic of an applied electric signal. In a method for measuring an adaptive response of a plant that measures an adaptive response of the plant caused by external stress applied to the plant,
Sandwich the measurement point of the plant body,
On one surface of the sandwiched plant body, a gap of a predetermined distance is opened and the first electrode and the second electrode are contacted,
Applying a predetermined electrical signal to the plant body via the contacted first electrode and second electrode, measuring the characteristics of the applied electrical signal,
A method for measuring an adaptive response of a plant body, comprising displaying or outputting the measured result.

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