JP2009090194A - Scavenger of smoke aerosol in enclosed space, its apparatus and method for scavenging smoke aerosol in closed space using its apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a chemical agent, an apparatus and a method which quickly eliminate and detoxify smoke or the like in a fire in an enclosed apace and have conventionally not met effective technologies. <P>SOLUTION: A scavenger of a smoke aerosol in an enclosed space which has a relative humidity of 60% or lower and contains a hygroscopic compound aqueous solution saturated or with 30% or higher saturation at a room temperature, an apparatus for scavenging a smoke aerosol in an enclosed space which is provided with a vapor-liquid contact layer (A) made of a hydrophilic particle porous material impregnated with this scavenger, and a method for scavenging a smoke aerosol in an enclosed space using this eliminating apparatus are disclosed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a closed space (hereinafter referred to as a closed space) where there is little or no inflow of outside air, smoke from a motorway in a tunnel (hereinafter referred to as a tunnel), and harmful gases and harmful gases other than the accompanying smoke. The present invention relates to an aerosol remover, a removal apparatus, and a removal method.

As a method for cleaning polluted gases, especially polluted air, there are a wide variety of methods such as bag filter method, electrostatic precipitating method, various combustion methods, photocatalyst method, microbial decomposition method, granular activated carbon passage / contact method, and aqueous chemical cleaning method. Although practiced, these methods were completely ineffective for simultaneous separation of fire and motorway smoke in tunnels and other harmful accompaniments.
However, in the case of smoke not specified as fire smoke in a closed space, the removal of smoke and other harmful companions in an open space having a relative humidity of about 70% or less, preferably 60% or less is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. A spray method using the prepared drug has been proposed and has already been put to practical use. However, this method has a drawback that the smoke-removing effect is lost in a closed space where the relative humidity rapidly rises due to the spray of the aqueous chemical solution. Smoke in long tunnels is one of the causes of air pollution, although the same principle exhaust method is adopted.
The only other traditional method that is practical is to suck the smoke and other harmful accompaniments through a flue pipe directly connected to the exhaust pump in a smoke-filled closed space and discharge it to the outside as it is. there were.
However, the smoke that fills the enclosed space cannot be escaped without losing sight, and the extremely large number of victims of firefighters and fire encounters at home and abroad indicate the limitations of such smoke emission methods. Yes. Also, the smoke and removal of organic gases from automobiles filling long-distance tunnels have negative effects on the health of passers-by, and there are many records of fires in the tunnel causing many casualties.
JP-A-2-149310

The present invention is intended to provide a medicine, a device, and a method for quickly removing and detoxifying fire smoke and the like in a closed space where there has been no effective technique.

The present inventors have confirmed through research that there are no successful internal and external examples of smoke removal in a closed space by diverting the various cleaning methods for contaminated air described above. Established. As a result of conducting various smoke eliminating experiments, the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention provides a smoke aerosol in a closed space characterized by containing a hygroscopic compound aqueous solution having a relative humidity in a sealed space of 60% or less and saturated or a saturated concentration of 30% or more at normal temperature. A removal agent is provided. Further, the present invention provides a hydrophilic air impregnated with a smoke aerosol remover containing a hygroscopic compound aqueous solution having a relative humidity in a sealed space of 60% or less and a saturated or saturated concentration of 30% or more at room temperature. An apparatus for removing smoke aerosol in a closed space, comprising a gas-liquid contact layer (A) made of a granular porous material. Further, the present invention provides a hydrophilic air impregnated with a smoke aerosol remover containing a hygroscopic compound aqueous solution having a relative humidity in a sealed space of 60% or less and a saturated or saturated concentration of 30% or more at room temperature. A gas-liquid contact layer (A) made of a granular porous material is provided, an air inlet (B) is provided on the upper part thereof, and a liquid reservoir layer (D) is separated by 10 cm or more below the gas-liquid contact layer (A). ) Is connected to an intake / exhaust pump (C) installed outside the apparatus, and the intake / exhaust pump (C) sucks air containing smoke aerosol from the intake port (B). The present invention provides a method for removing smoke aerosol in a closed space, characterized in that the liquid contact layer (A) is passed through.

The hypothesis established by the present inventor is as follows.
That is, the present inventors have stated that, in the smoke extinguishing of fire smoke in a closed space, white smoke with a small particle diameter generated in the smoke cylinder and the smoldering stage in the early stage of the fire is strongly oxidized and strongly hydrophilic. In addition, since moisture due to combustion is firmly bonded as hydrated water, smoke cannot be removed by a known aqueous cleaning method using a surfactant aqueous solution or a chemical reaction type cleaning agent having almost no affinity. Black smoke particles with large particle sizes and agglomerated when organic compounds containing cyclic hydrocarbon groups are incompletely combusted are also quite hydrophilic and hydrated water is tightly bound. In order to remove these smokes, it is necessary to remove the water of hydration that is bound to these smokes from the smoke particles. If you put it in the space above it Use of a saturated aqueous solution of agents maintain a stable low relative humidity at room temperature is optimal. "Said hypothesized.
The present inventor confirmed the correctness of this hypothesis through various experiments.

The smoke aerosol removing agent of the present invention, after impregnating the gas-liquid contact material, when sucking and passing harmful gases including rich smoke with a blower, removes and detoxifies smoke at a high rate, or in a fire or It exhausts to the outside and restores the field of view of the room to indicate the direction of escape, contributing to the reduction of fatal accidents.
By including the antidote, the smoke aerosol removing agent of the present invention can detoxify not only smoke but also the accompanying harmful gases.
In addition, the device of the present invention can be used as a portable device using a single-phase power source and an extension cord for a narrow space such as a basement, a corridor of a hotel guest room, a passenger plane, a ship, and an airport quarantine station, subway It can be used as a large air volume and stationary large equipment on campuses, large-capacity warehouses, highways in mountains, underground tunnels, etc., so it can be expected to be used in a large-scale fire.

The present invention provides a removal agent for smoke aerosol (hereinafter referred to as smoke removal) in a closed space containing a hygroscopic compound aqueous solution having a relative humidity in a sealed space of 60% or less and saturated or a saturated concentration of 30% or more at normal temperature. (Referred to as an agent).
Examples of the hygroscopic compound used in the present invention include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide, magnesium chloride, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, Examples include potassium acetate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, phosphoric acid, a mixture of sodium chloride, nitric acid and sodium nitrate. Of these, calcium chloride, potassium acetate, magnesium chloride and mixtures thereof are preferred because they have no irritation and strong corrosivity, and have a low adverse effect even when released into the environment, and particularly in terms of smoke-fusing effect.
If the relative humidity of the hygroscopic compound aqueous solution is 60% or less, it is possible to effectively remove smoke aerosol during a fire in a closed space. The lower the relative humidity, the better the smoke removal effect. When the hygroscopic compound aqueous solution has a saturated concentration, the relative humidity and the smoke eliminating effect are maximized. Therefore, it is preferable to use an aqueous solution having a concentration as high as possible. That is, the hygroscopic compound aqueous solution is used as an aqueous solution having a concentration of 30% or more of the saturation concentration at room temperature.

The present invention also provides a smoke aerosol removal device (hereinafter referred to as smoke removal) in a closed space comprising a gas-liquid contact layer (A) comprising a hydrophilic granular porous material impregnated with a smoke removal agent containing the hygroscopic compound aqueous solution. Device).
Examples of the granular porous material used in the present invention include water-resistant paper particles, hydrophilic elastic open-cell foams, hydrophilic water-absorbing activated carbon, water-absorbing ceramics mixed with ornamental plant soil, and the like. These are preferred.

The water-resistant paper-based particles used in the present invention are obtained by giving water / chemical resistance and shape memory to a cellulosic fiber dry powder. For example, a dry powder of pulp fiber is put into a high-speed rotating plate container, a thin paste solution or water is dropped, the fibers are entangled, granulated and dried, and formalized to produce. Untreated paper grains not imparted with water resistance are not suitable for use as the granular porous material of the present invention because they easily disintegrate when vibrated and stirred in water.
Cellulose fibers include pulp, cotton, rayon and the like. The diameter of the paper grain is not particularly limited, but a range of 3 to 10 mm is suitable. Furthermore, it is possible to mix other substances into the fiber as long as the strength of the paper is not lowered and the adsorption / water retention function of the polluting gas is not lowered.
The average shape of the 97 paper grains used in the experiments of the examples and reference examples of the present invention is an irregular ellipsoid having the shape shown in Table 1 below, immersed in an aqueous hygroscopic compound solution, and magnetic stirrer. Even after stirring for 10 days, the original shape was maintained without disintegration or deformation. The number of dried water-resistant treated paper grains 1L: about 5,980, and the apparent specific gravity is about 0.2.

Examples of methods for imparting water resistance to paper particles include a method for vapor-phase formalization, a method for treatment with a fibrous cross-linking agent such as dimethylolethyleneurea, methylolated poly (meth) acrylamide, and polyacrylate. The method of processing etc. are mentioned.
In the method of vapor-phase formalization, dried paper grains are partially formalized with formaldehyde gas in a sealed chamber to give water / chemical resistance and shape memory. The moisture content of the treated paper grain after drying for 2 hours at 105 ° C. × 1 hour at 80% humidity was 7.75% (n: 5), but the untreated paper grain was 9.56%. The reduction in water absorption by this treatment was about 20%. Water-resistant paper grains are completely impregnated with water, placed in a nylon filament mesh bag, stored in a smoke evacuator, and water absorbed for 1 hour at a stacking height of about 30 cm is dropped under the horizontal wire mesh on the pedestal. The water retention after the treatment was about 180% of the weight of the water-resistant paper grain.

In the method of treating with a fibrous cross-linking agent such as dimethylolethyleneurea or methylolated poly (meth) acrylamide, dry paper grains are treated with a fibrous cross-linking agent such as 3.5% N.I. Immerse in an aqueous solution containing N'dimethylolethyleneurea, etc. and 0.2% ammonium chloride as a reaction catalyst, dehydrate to 100% pick-up with a centrifugal dehydrator, and complete at 100 ° C. in a hot air circulating dryer. And dried at about 130 ° C. for 20 minutes. Other examples of the fiber crosslinking agent include N.I. N 'dimethylol acetylene monoureine, N.I. N 'dimethylol propylene urea etc. are mentioned.

The above-mentioned elastic open-cell foam as the granular porous material used in the present invention is an elastic foam that has been given air permeability by compressing the direction of open-cells, and is characterized by air permeability in one direction.
Examples of the elastic open-cell foam include a compressed product of a melamine / formaldehyde resin sponge (hereinafter referred to as a melamine resin sponge contact material).
The melamine resin sponge contact material is a co-condensation product in which a part of melamine is substituted with one or more of triazine derivatives such as benzoguanamine, acetoguanamine, spiroguanamine, etc. in order to improve the flexibility and elasticity of the sponge. What may be condensed and may be condensed by adding a mixture. There are many patent documents other than the following examples regarding these production methods and physical properties. For example, JP-A-3-231957, JP-T-2004-510041, JP-T-2004-510042 and the like can be mentioned.

The melamine resin sponge contact material used in the present invention is obtained by compressing a melamine / formaldehyde resin sponge so that air permeability is generated.
The melamine / formaldehyde resin sponge measured by the inventor has a specific gravity of 0.0085 immediately after drying at 105 ° C. for 1 hour and a specific gravity of 0.0096 when left for 1 week at 80 ± 5% relative humidity. The rate was about 11.29% and the thickness was 4 cm.
This melamine resin sponge contact material can be obtained by compressing a melamine / formaldehyde resin sponge as follows. That is, for example, a 10cm x 10cm x 4cm (thickness) rectangular parallelepiped sponge is immersed in cold water and compressed several times. When completely deaerated, it sinks into water, but it is placed on a horizontal wire mesh for about 10 minutes. Even when the water content was dropped to about 77%, the air permeability was hardly found. Further, even when this was horizontally and uniformly applied from the upper surface, the thickness was compressed to 3.2 cm, and the moisture content was about 60.6%, air permeability was not obtained. However, when the weight was further increased, the thickness was compressed to 2.7 cm or less, and when the water content was 50% or less, the air permeability increased, indicating the possibility of being used as the granular porous material of the present invention. When the thickness of the sponge before compression is 4 cm or more, it can be adjusted so that air permeability meeting the object of the present invention is generated by compressing in the direction of open cells so that the thickness is about 50% or less. .

Any of the above-mentioned granular porous materials such as the melamine resin sponge contact material is effective as the gas-liquid contact material used in the present invention. In addition, among the granular porous materials, for example, in the case of a fire in a distribution facility, there is a strong irritating hydrogen chloride gas generated by thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride accompanying white smoke, such as a fire in an electric wire or cable. When the concentration is high and the content of the adhesive harmful aerosol is relatively low, the melamine resin sponge contact material is most preferable, and the water-resistant paper particles are considered to be comparable. There are many types of indoor combustibles, such as fire smoke in houses and hotels. In addition to the smoke aerosol and the harmful gases that accompany it, the synthetic resins can be used to tackify the harmful effects of thermal decomposition. When the concentration of the aerosol is high, it is considered that the water-resistant paper-based particles are most unlikely to deteriorate in performance due to clogging of the fine pores, and are judged to be the most preferable.
Further, when an alkaline compound such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is not used as the hygroscopic compound, it is preferable that an aqueous solution of the hygroscopic compound further contains an alkali metal hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate. . By using an alkaline aqueous solution, lethal or strong irritating harmful gases and aerosols (hereinafter referred to as harmful accompanying substances) can be detoxified simultaneously with smoke aerosols generated in a fire in a closed space.

In order to confirm this, the present inventors conducted experiments on harmful companions such as the following (A) to (C). As a result, as shown in the detoxification methods 1 to 4, it was confirmed that when the alkaline compound or the like was included in the hygroscopic compound aqueous solution and used as a smoke removing agent, harmful accompanying substances could be removed at the same time.

(A) Hydrogen cyanide (exposure limit: 5 ppm) and derivatives (example: acetone cyanohydrin: exposure limit 4.7 ppm)
Source: Generated by combustion of foamed polyurethane cushioning material and heat insulating material, woolen fabric, silk fabric, acrylic fiber, nylon fiber, etc.
Detoxification method 1: A smoke removing agent containing an aqueous alkaline solution to which thiosulfate is added is used in the smoke removing apparatus of the present invention to make a low toxicity thiocyanate salt. (best)
Detoxification method 2: Wash with an alkaline aqueous solution of about pH 11 with the smoke removing apparatus of the present invention.
Detoxification method 3: There is a method of using a solution in which an oxidizing agent such as hypochlorite and cyanuric chloride is added to an alkali having a pH of about 11, but it is inferior to 1 because of the disadvantage that chlorine odor is accompanied and discharged.

(B) Hydrogen halide Hydrogen fluoride (Exposure limit: 3 ppm, strongly irritating eyes and deprives firefighters and residents of visual field)
Source: In addition to water-repellent clothing, fluorine is widely present in nature and is attached to almost all substances in the living environment. Hydrogen fluoride is always generated in the event of a fire from a fluorine source.
Hydrogen chloride (exposure limit: 5 ppm)
Source: Polyvinyl chloride resin used for wire cords, cables, wallpaper, etc. is generated by fire heat.
Detoxification method 4: Wash with an alkaline aqueous solution of about pH 11 with the smoke removing apparatus of the present invention.

(C) Poisonous gas (if mixed with smoke and poisonous gas alone)
Instead of spraying the alkaline aqueous solution, which is effective for detoxification of nerve gases such as sarin, tabun, soman, VOx, etc., in the case of indoor fire with a low substitution rate with outside air or smoke only by smoke cylinders, Assuming the coexistence of one of these neurotoxin gases, smoke removal and detoxification could be achieved by using the smoke removal agent of the above detoxification method 1 in the smoke removal apparatus of the present invention.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing smoke aerosol or the like in a closed space, particularly in the event of a fire. The relative humidity in the sealed space is 60% or less, and the hygroscopic property has a concentration of 30% or less of the saturated concentration at room temperature. The gas-liquid contact layer (A) comprising a hydrophilic granular porous material impregnated with a smoke removing agent containing an aqueous compound solution is provided.
This gas-liquid contact layer (A) is a layer filled with the hydrophilic granular porous material, for example, a material in which a hydrophilic granular porous material is housed in a cartridge, or made of filament fibers such as nylon or polyester. In a mesh bag. In the case of a mesh bag, one or more may be used. After storing the granular porous material, the cartridge is adjusted so that it can be compressed by adjusting it from both sides with a lattice-shaped presser and screw, and from the upper surface of the intake port to a pedestal at a fixed position, for example, 20 cm below Insert and fit. This cartridge can be effectively used in the smoke removing apparatus of the present invention that exhibits high performance in absorbing and detoxifying harmful accompanying substances such as cyan gas and hydrogen chloride accompanying smoke in a fire.

The gas-liquid contact layer (A) is inserted from above the smoke removing device to a pedestal provided at a predetermined height, and is fixed in an airtight manner or stored from the air inlet of the device to the position of the pedestal. The stacking height is preferably 30 ± 5 cm.
Although the material of this apparatus is not specifically limited, For example, stainless steel, polypropylene, a water-resistant hard board, etc. are mentioned.
The size of the apparatus is not particularly limited, but in the case of a portable type, it is necessary to be smaller than the size of the entrance of the room. For example, an apparatus having a 30 cm square and a height of 90 cm can be mentioned.

As shown in FIG. 1, the smoke removing apparatus of the present invention sucks air containing indoor smoke and harmful accompanying substances from the air inlet (B) by an intake / exhaust pump (C) installed outside the apparatus, and the rich of the present invention. It passes through a gas-liquid contact layer (A) that has a hydrophilic, porous, and air permeability that absorbs an aqueous smoke remover solution, and is exhausted after smoke removal and detoxification.
As the air inlet (B), various shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle and the like can be selected. For example, when a granular porous material is stored in a cartridge, the intake air may be prevented from leaking in accordance with the shape of the intake port.
The intake / exhaust pump (C) can be any pump as long as it is used as a vacuum pump. In addition, this pump may be installed in the lower part of the device, or may be installed outside the device and connected to the device. It is preferably coupled to the device. The capacity of the pump can be appropriately selected according to the size of the sealed space.
There is a liquid reservoir layer (D) formed by dropping the hygroscopic compound aqueous solution at the bottom of the gas-liquid contact layer (A). When the liquid level of the liquid reservoir layer (D) comes into contact with the gas-liquid contact layer (A), the air flow does not pass. Therefore, the liquid reservoir layer (D) needs to be separated, for example, 10 cm or more.
When this smoke removing device is used as a portable device, at the start of operation, the contact material layer having a high liquid-holding property has already sufficiently absorbed the concentrated smoke removing agent aqueous solution of the present invention. Within, it can be run for a considerable time, for example 20-30 minutes, without replenishment of the aqueous solution. When the smoke-dissipating efficiency is lowered, it is possible to extinguish smoke for a considerable time by spraying fresh liquid in a bottle or the like from above the contact material layer.
When used as a large and stationary smoke removal device, the smoke removal agent accumulated in the liquid reservoir (D) is circulated by a pump and continuously sprayed from the nozzle on the upper surface of the gas-liquid contact layer (A). In this way, continuous and long-time operation is possible.

In the case of a small capacity such as a warehouse, passenger aircraft, office, apartment house, hotel room, basement, restaurant, basement, etc., the smoke removal device of the present invention has an air flow rate of 30 m ³ from the test results of the present inventors.
/ Min or less, or it can be estimated that a device with a ventilation rate of 10 m ³ / min or less can sufficiently cope.
On the other hand, in multi-storey underground malls, subway stations, amusement halls, movie theaters, theaters, multi-storey apartments, department stores, large-capacity warehouses, high-rise buildings, large ships, airport facilities, long tunnels and underground car parks, etc. In the case of a large and stationary type to be used, for example, 30 m ³
A ventilation rate of at least / min is required.
Fire extinguisher is easy to lose sight, and it is designed to be small, lightweight, portable, difficult to collapse during transportation, and with little air leaks, for single-phase power supply with a large air volume, for extinguishing fires in confined spaces But any performance that can be driven is required. Also, specifications that take into account the ease of handling in the event of a fire are required.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
First, a smoke generation chamber, a smoke generation method, a smoke removal agent, a smoke removal device, a relative humidity measurement method and an evaluation method used in the examples of the present invention will be described.
1. Smoke chamber A hole with a depth of 0.3m is dug in the ground of 1.8m x 1.8m, concrete is laid horizontally here, and piles are driven into the four corners of the foundation where the infiltration of groundwater is blocked. A timber pillar with a height of 1.8 m and 38 mm × 90 mm was fixed, and a rectangular parallelepiped box was fixed at a position where the same timber was divided into four beams by four beams. A floorboard 0.35m from the bottom of the concrete and a 9-ply water-resistant lauan plywood were stretched, and a roof was made on the ceiling with a corrugated sheet made of polycarbonate to allow rainwater to flow. On the side of the floor below the floor, the same plywood as the floorboard was placed on four sides to block rain and strong winds. The front 0.9m width and 1mm thick polyethylene film on 3 sides are fixed with a 2mm thin plate with screws, and the front 0.9m wide part is hinged outside. A door that opens only to the door (a hinged door) was attached. Furthermore, in order to reduce the gap with the back side of the hinged door and improve the airtightness, the same plywood as the floorboard is attached to the left and right of the door, and a 0.1m wide plate is attached as a column, and it opens and closes from the top of the hinged door to 0.3m An open air inlet with a diameter of 0.3 m and a flexible pipe insertion port made of aluminum for exhaust is opened at a position 32 cm from the bottom. A smoke chamber having a rectangular parallelepiped space of 7 m ³ was produced.

2. Smoke generation method A smoke generation method using a smoke cylinder (Smoke BOMB) manufactured by K & K Corporation, and a method of generating white smoke and graphite without using the smoke cylinder will be described.
<Smoke tube>
About 80% of a mixture of ethane hexachloride, zinc oxide, and zinc is sealed, and a cylindrical can with a diameter of 53 mm and a height of 6 mm, which is announced as a smoke generation amount of about 100 m ³ , is opened just before use. Ignited with a match, closed the hinged door and filled with smoke.
<White smoke>
In a flat-bottomed stainless steel pan with an inner diameter of 24 cm and a depth of 6 cm, three copper wires with a thickness of 1 mm are each molded into a circle with a diameter of 20 cm and stacked on the bottom of the pan so that the top surface is 2 cm higher than the pan. A stainless steel wire mesh having a diameter of 0.2 mm was placed on the installed base. 7 g of kerosene was uniformly mixed with 40 g of pellets obtained by heating, melting and injection-molding (equal 23.5 pcs / g) of equal amounts of wood powder and polyethylene on this wire mesh, and arranged uniformly without gaps. Place a tissue paper with a width of about 2cm on the pellet, ignite with a lighter, smoke and burn for about 2 minutes until the whole pellet turns black, cover the pan for about 1 minute, and smoke combustion continues In this case, the lid was further covered and the flame disappeared, and it was confirmed that white smoke was actively generated. Then, it was placed in the smoke chamber, the hinged door was closed, and the smoke generation test was conducted after the generation of white smoke stopped. .

<Black smoke>
1) In the generation of the white smoke, smoke was tested in the same manner by using pellets using aromatic polycarbonate instead of polyethylene. In this case, black smoke with good dispersibility was obtained.
2) 20-40 ml of toluene or styrene was put in a canned empty can on a heat-insulating dish, ignited with a lighter, closed on the open door, and smoked until it was burned out, and then a smoke extinction test was conducted. In this case, there was a tendency for the smoke aerosol to form agglomerated black smoke over time, but it may be necessary to replenish fresh air from outside the room in order to sustain combustion. It took 6-12 hours for the visibility to recover.

3. Smoke removing agent (a) Potassium acetate [relative humidity at 20 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as RH) 20%, RH 13% at 168 ° C.]
CH ₃ COOK Mw: 98.15, white powder, mp: 292 ° C., Sp. Gr. : 1.8, LD ₅₀ : 3250 mg / Kg (rat), solubility in water: 217 g / 100 g, dust explosive for some reason, but mixing with an aqueous solution of ammonium bromide can prevent explosion. (Compatibility test incomplete)
Smoke-free formulation: CH ₃ COOK / water = 70 g / 30 g
<Substances that are smoke-free, have low toxicity, and are considered to be less pollutant when released to the environment>
(B) Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (RH 33% at 5-45 ° C.)
Mgcl ₂ · 6H ₂ O Mw: 203.33, solubility in water: 35.14 g / 100 g (20 ° C.), generation of HCl at 200 ° C. by heating without anhydride to form oxychloride, and MgO ( Magnesia).
(C) Calcium chloride (anhydrous, 1, 2, 4 and hexahydrate, but hexahydrate is used since an aqueous solution is used.)
CaCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O Mw: 219.06, solubility in water: 29.5 g / 100 g (20 ° C.), RH 29% of saturated aqueous solution at 15-25 ° C.)

<Substances with excellent smoke-extinguishing properties, but are considered toxic, irritating and contaminated when released to the environment>
(D) phosphoric acid _{(H 3 PO 4 · 1 /} 2H 2 O, 92.25%) 24.5 9% RH at ℃
(E) Lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl · 1H ₂ O, RH 11% at 20 to 65 ° C.)
(F) calcium bromide hexahydrate _{(CaBr 2 · 6H 2 O Mw} : 199.89,11~22 16% RH in ° C.)
(G) Zinc bromide (ZnBr ₂ Mw: 225.20, solubility in water: 394 g / 100 g saturated aqueous solution: 80% RH 8% at 5-30 ° C.)
(H) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH.H ₂ O, RH 6% at 15 to 60 ° C.)
(I) Potassium hydroxide (KOH · 2H ₂ O, RH 9% at 5 to 30 ° C.)
(J) Other various deliquescent salts can be mentioned.

4). Method for Measuring Relative Humidity RH is the ratio of water vapor pressure to saturated water vapor pressure expressed in%. In general, various measurement methods are employed. Although these values often vary by 10 to 20% by these methods, in the experiments of the present invention, as a result of various comparative studies, Kurimo Master MODEL6531 manufactured by Nippon Kanomax was used. Select the hygroscopic compounds with excellent smoke-fusing effect, strong toxicity and irritation, and less environmental burden by measuring the RH of the enclosed space where they exist, with less toxicity and irritation The following (i) to (c) were selected as the most preferred hygroscopic compounds. In the measurement of these airflows, stable RH indication values were shown in several tens of seconds.
In the case of a static space, it may take 10 minutes or more, so when the tip of the probe is moved, a stable indicated value is displayed within a few minutes. It was judged that RH could be properly measured by such a method.
(I) 1 L sealed container space containing anhydrous calcium chloride has 3.2% RH at 25 ° C., and 62.5%, 55.6% supersaturated anhydrous calcium chloride in the same manner, and The RH at 25 ° C. of the 50% aqueous solution was 24.1% and 39.2%, respectively.
(B) Under the same conditions as in (a), when the sealed space containing a saturated aqueous solution of potassium acetate is 25 ° C., the RH is 24.4, when the 60% aqueous solution is 44.1%, In the case of a 50% aqueous solution, the RH was 56.1%.
(C) The RH at 25 ° C. of the sealed space to which only magnesium chloride hexahydrate was added was 34.0%, 41.0%, and RH 42.9% in the case of a saturated aqueous solution.

(Comparative Example 1)
If the smoke chamber is kept sealed and smoke is filled with a smoke cylinder, it will take more than 6 hours to see from one side of the smoke chamber to the other side, and 12 hours later Even considerable white smoke remained.

(Comparative Example 2)
Put the water-resistant paper grain of the present invention in a mesh bag made of nylon filament fiber, and then immerse it in a water tank to completely expel the air, on the pedestal provided in the air inlet of the smoke removal apparatus of the present invention It is stored on a horizontally fixed metal grid so that there is no gap at a height of about 30 cm, and after the excess water that has not been absorbed by the paper grains has been dripped into the solution tank at the bottom of the device, the smoke chamber One end of an aluminum flexible pipe (hereinafter referred to as “flexible”) having a diameter of 20 cm is inserted into the device in an airtight manner into the opening of the hinged door, and is connected to the intake port of the blower pump outside the device. Flexible cables with the same diameter were connected. The manufacturer's rated single-phase 100V, output 0.4Kw, 50Hz, rotation speed 2870rpm, maximum air volume 13m ³ / min, maximum static pressure 95mmAq, open the smoke door and open the blower The polyethylene film attached to the side of the smoke chamber was adjusted so that it was not damaged or dropped by the large negative pressure generated during the operation. Next, the hinged door was opened, the smoke cylinder was ignited and placed in the smoke chamber, and the hinged door was quickly closed. The smoke cylinder burned out in about 3 to 4 seconds, and white smoke filled the smoke chamber. Visibility to the opposite surface 1.8m away from the surface was completely lost. Therefore, when the blower pump was driven, irritating white smoke was discharged from the blower pump exhaust port with almost no smoke extinguished, and high-concentration white smoke stood up around the smoke generation chamber because of no wind in fine weather, The smoke chamber was close to the conservation forest and could be mistaken for a fire. After 30 seconds, the blower pump was stopped, but the inside of the smoke chamber recovered to the extent that the other side could be seen. Therefore, we left the hinged door a little open and exhausted it completely by natural exhaust.

(Example 1)
The same test as Comparative Example 2 was performed except that a saturated aqueous solution of potassium acetate was used instead of water. When the blower pump is driven, smoke is completely extinguished, transparent air that is not irritating is exhausted, no smoke drifts around the smoke chamber, and after 30 seconds, the opposite surface is seen from the side of the smoke chamber. It recovered to some extent, and after 1 minute it recovered to the other side, and after 2 minutes the smoke chamber was completely transparent.

(Example 2)
Put the water-resistant power cord in an airtight manner from the opening of the hinged door, connect it to the blower pump, bring it into the smoke chamber, close the air intake, and fill the smoke chamber with white smoke as in Comparative Example 2. The blower pump was driven. After 30 seconds, the white smoke in the smoke chamber recovered to the extent that the other side could be seen, and after 2 minutes and 30 seconds, the smoke chamber became almost transparent, and no white smoke was found around the smoke chamber. It was.

(Example 3)
Only the water-resistant cord is put in an airtight manner through the opening of the hinged door, connected to the blower pump, brought into the smoke generation chamber, the air intake port is closed, and the flame of the mixed powder pellet of wood powder and polyethylene is not accompanied ( Smoldering) White smoke from smoldering was filled, and the blower pump was driven in the same manner as in Example 1. After 30 seconds, the visibility of white smoke in the smoke chamber was restored to the extent that the opposite surface could be seen, and after 2 minutes and 30 seconds, the smoke chamber became almost transparent, and no white smoke remained in the surrounding area.

Example 4
Hydrophilic elastic open-cell foam based on melamine / formaldehyde resin forming an open-cell body with a thickness of 4 cm and a direction of ventilation at the position of the pedestal inside the air inlet of the smoke removal device A gas-liquid contact material was used as a cartridge that can accommodate a slab of (abbreviation: melamine resin sponge) without compressing the slab to a fixed position by a pedestal inside the apparatus and compressing the thickness in order to improve air permeability. The cartridge is a hard board made of hardboard having a hole area of about 50%, a thickness of about 3 mm, and a wood fiber fixed with phenolic resin on the lower surface of a 3 cm square wood frame. The water-resistant plate is fixed horizontally to the center of each 2 cm inside the wooden frame with a 1 cm diameter ball and nut, and the slab is further fixed inside the wooden frame. Place in close contact with the direction of the air flow, place a stainless steel wire mesh on it, and use the water-resistant plate that can be inserted in close contact with the inside of the wooden frame as the top surface. After the hole was opened to the diameter, the upper nut was tightened and the slab was compressed so that the thickness of the slab was about 2 cm, immersed in a saturated aqueous solution of calcium chloride, completely absorbed, and then erased in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2. A smoke test was conducted, and after about 30 seconds, the white smoke inside the smoke evacuation chamber was reduced to the extent that the opposite side could be seen. And, after 2 minutes and 30 seconds fuming room becomes transparent, around the fuming chamber was no retention of white smoke.

(Example 5)
The same test as in Example 4 was performed, except that the smoke chamber was filled with white smoke by the method of Example 3. After 35 seconds of driving the blower pump, the white smoke inside the smoke evacuation chamber is restored to the extent that the opposite side can be seen, and after 2 minutes and 30 seconds the smoke chamber becomes transparent, and there is white smoke around the smoke chamber. No stagnation was observed.
(Example 6)
The same test as in Example 5 was performed except that a supersaturated solution of magnesium chloride was used. After 35 seconds, the white smoke inside the smoke evacuation chamber is restored to the extent that the opposite side can be seen. After 2 minutes and 45 seconds, the smoke chamber becomes transparent, and there is white smoke around the smoke chamber. No stagnation was observed.

(Example 7)
In the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, granular activated carbon was absorbed instead of water-resistant paper particles, and a mixed solution of 45% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution 0.5% in 99.5% by weight saturated aqueous potassium acetate solution instead of water. Then, it was stored in a smoke eliminator and the black smoke 1) generated as described above was filled in the smoke generation chamber, and the blower pump was driven in the same manner as in Example 2. The air discharged to the outside of the smoke generation chamber does not contain black smoke or this agglomerate, and the field of view inside the smoke generation chamber recovered rapidly as in Example 6.
(Example 8)
Except for the smoke generation method, 20 ml of toluene and 5 g of polyurethane were simultaneously burned in the smoke generation chamber to generate the black smoke 2), and the same smoke extinction test as in Example 7 was performed. The air discharged outside the smoke chamber did not contain black smoke and this agglomerate, but because of a small amount of fine particles of soot adhering to the entire polyethylene film and the wood part on the side of the smoke chamber, accurate visual field recovery time measurement was delayed. However, the field of view from one side of the smoke chamber to the opposite side recovered after about 1 minute. Moreover, although the hydrogen cyanide density | concentration of the exhaust_gas | exhaustion immediately after a blast pump drive was measured with the Kitagawa type | formula gas detector tube (detector tube 112SB made from Komeiri Chemical Industry, measurement range: 0.5-100 ppm), it was not detected.

The side view of the smoke aerosol removal apparatus of this invention is represented.

Explanation of symbols

1: Contaminated gas inlet 2: Gas-liquid contact layer 3: Clean gas outlet 4, 4 ': Baffle plate 5: Reservoir layer 6: Drain outlet

Claims (8)

A smoke aerosol removal agent in a closed space, comprising a hygroscopic compound aqueous solution having a relative humidity in a sealed space of 60% or less and a saturation or a saturation concentration of 30% or more at normal temperature. The smoke aerosol removing agent in a closed space according to claim 1, wherein the hygroscopic compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium acetate, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. The smoke aerosol removal agent in a closed space according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an alkaline compound when the hygroscopic compound is not an alkaline compound. A gas-liquid comprising a hydrophilic granular porous material impregnated with a smoke aerosol removing agent containing a hygroscopic compound aqueous solution having a relative humidity of 60% or less and a saturation concentration of 30% or less at normal temperature in a sealed space. A device for removing smoke aerosol in a closed space, comprising a contact layer (A). The smoke aerosol removal device in a closed space according to claim 4, wherein the particulate porous material is any one of water-resistant paper particles, hydrophilic elastic open-cell foam, hydrophilic water-absorbing activated carbon, and water-absorbing ceramic. 6. The smoke aerosol removal apparatus in a closed space according to claim 5, wherein the hydrophilic elastic open-cell foam is an amino resin foam obtained by co-condensing a compound having a triazine ring in a molecule and formaldehyde. The gas-liquid contact layer (A) comprises a cartridge containing a hydrophilic porous material impregnated with the smoke aerosol removing agent in a case, or a mesh bag containing the porous material. Item 7. The smoke aerosol removing device in the enclosed space according to any one of Items 4 to 6. A gas composed of a hydrophilic granular porous material impregnated with a smoke aerosol remover containing a hygroscopic compound aqueous solution having a relative humidity of 60% or less and a saturation concentration of 30% or less at normal temperature in a sealed space. An aerosol removing device comprising a liquid contact layer (A), an air inlet (B) at the top, and a liquid reservoir layer (D) separated by 10 cm or more below the gas-liquid contact layer (A) And an intake / exhaust pump (C) installed outside the apparatus, and the intake / exhaust pump (C) sucks air containing smoke aerosol from the intake port (B), and enters the gas-liquid contact layer (A). A method for removing smoke aerosol in a confined space, characterized by passing through contact.

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