JP2009084543A - Waste plastic liquefying apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attain liquefaction and oil extraction by continuous treatment with fusion pyrolysis even to an inclusion such as a mixture of different kinds of hydrocarbon-based, ester-based and chloride-based polymers with different shapes, sticking liquid and stain in containers, thermosetting plastic or non-waste plastic in waste plastic. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of pyrolyzing machines 6 each with a high frequency induction heating coil provided around the outer periphery of an obliquely placed cylinder are juxtaposed, and waste plastic is submerged in dissolution oil stored in the pyrolyzing machine and melted. Floating matter and sediment are transferred pushing up the inclined surface while being stirred, and supplied to the following stage machine after draining oil. The melting-decomposing temperature of the following stage machine is set higher than the temperature of the upper stage machine, and the melting-decomposing temperature is further heightened in the final lower stage machine. Non-waste plastic and remaining carbon mixed in the waste plastic are removed, and oil steam pyrolyzed in each process is cooled to become oil, thus obtaining decomposition oil. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to equipment and a method for producing pyrolysis oil at different pyrolysis temperatures in order to recycle all waste plastic mixtures as fuel oil.

  Sorting classification is a problem when recycling plastic waste. It is compounded by metal bolts, screwed like a container, string, band, sheet, disposable razor, ballpoint pen, etc., and the shape varies depending on the application, not only ester type but also chlorine and nitrogen Synthetic resin containing is discarded in a mixed state.

Currently, polyester resin is mainly recycled through recycling, and our familiar items are plastic bottles. Even this begins with the removal of the caps, but the collected containers require steps such as label removal, crushing, and washing. Selection of the same material is a resource-intensive process that consumes many people and time.
If substances made of different materials are mixed in this, reuse is prevented and impossible.

Conventional waste plastic recycling required only ester polymers.
As disclosed in JP-A-2005-264104, sorting, cutting, cleaning, and the like are required. Dechlorination is required in the treatment of chlorinated compounds mixed by thermal decomposition at different temperatures.
Waste plastic recycled oil that has been obtained by melting and pyrolyzing waste plastics mixed with hydrocarbons, esters, chlorides, etc. has been proposed for specific gravity classification, but it depends greatly on the mixing ratio of the treated waste plastics. There are elements (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-104095).

  It is possible to extract hydrocarbon plastic light oil for cracking oil in the melt pyrolysis method. However, in waste plastic mixed with various impurities, if the melting temperature is low, the viscosity of the melted oil is high. Become. In addition, formation starts in a low temperature region, and in particular, settles into a low temperature liquid part to become a solid. Crystallized benzoic acid and terephthalic acid are removed using a catalyst.

A non-waste plastic container in which light waste plastic that is thermally decomposed at a relatively low temperature of 200 ° C. to 250 ° C. and is not decomposed is mixed together in order to prevent the bonding by rotating the material to be crystallized or solidified at high speed. It is discharged together with the aluminum foil label or metal adhering to the next step, and the melting temperature is further raised to melt and decompose. At the final step, the waste plastic is completely pyrolyzed to discharge carbon residue and non-waste plastic, and the gasified oil vapor is cooled to recover the regenerated oil.
JP-A-2005-104095 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation JP-A-2005-154518 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. JP2007-16245 TOSHIBA CORPORATION JP-A-18-120113 Nippon Steel Corporation JP 11-310659 Chiyoda Corporation

  The problem to be solved is that waste plastics are industrial waste and are used for various purposes, so there are a wide variety of materials and shapes. In the mixture, deposits such as metal and aluminum are mixed and carbonized. Is it possible to convert oils to fuel oils by melting and pyrolysis of hydrogen, ester, and chlorinated substances at once?

  In the present invention, it is impossible to classify and sort waste plastics with different materials or non-plastics. The non-plastic is discharged together and supplied to the next pyrolyzer, which performs the above operation at a temperature higher than the initial cracking temperature. The primary pyrolysis process, the secondary process, and the tertiary process are the same, but the waste is decomposed by increasing the decomposition temperature sequentially from the primary to the secondary, and from the secondary to the tertiary. Plastic oil vapor is condensed and liquefied by a heat exchanger.

In the present invention, it is impossible to sort waste plastic as usual in the presence of mixed hydrocarbon, ester, and chloride polymers. Disassemble.
Since the decomposition temperature varies greatly depending on the waste plastics that are mixed, thermal decomposition is performed using the difference in decomposition temperature.

  All waste plastic inclusions were pyrolyzed and vaporized by changing the decomposition temperature, and the oil was made into cooling oil.

FIG. 1 is a side view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. If the mechanism in the phantom line is one group and the upper left one is assumed to be A group, B group and C group are further arranged sequentially.
The mechanism will be described with reference to 1. Is a charging gate of the charging hopper. 2. The gate of is closed. To supply waste plastic as a raw material 1. Open In the closed state. Supply waste plastic to the receiving hopper. 3. When the hopper gate is closed Anaerobic conditions are created by suction with an ejector from the air intake.

2. Open the lower hopper supply gate, 6. Drop the waste plastic into the pyrolyzer. After the supply, 2. Close the gate.
10. Is dissolved oil stored in advance, and may be raised from normal temperature to 200 ° C. after throwing in the waste plastic, or may be reached in advance before melting / decomposing work.
This temperature of about 220 ° C. is suitable for melting / decomposing plastic sheet bags, strings, tapes, plastic bottles and the like.

As described above, physical polymerization is performed in the relatively low temperature oiling step. When the bottle cap and screw are fitted, the melting speed is slow.
Chlorine-based chlorine begins to dechlorinate a little by heating at about 220 ° C.
6). 4. around the pyrolyzer 10. A high frequency induction heating coil is wound around and heated from the outer periphery, and a stirring shaft and a stirring blade, a waste plastic immersion blade joined between the blades, and a feed blade for sending unmelted material in the discharge direction are provided. Giving rotation with a geared motor.

The pyrolyzer is an IH in which a high-frequency induction heating coil is wound around the outer periphery of a cylindrical frame to provide heat insulation, and water is passed through the coil to prevent overheating of the coil itself.
The pyrolyzer frame is tilted so that the discharge side is on the water and the waste plastic supply side is on the bottom, and the melted oil is fully bathed in the dissolved oil contained in it, and the slant is sent while slowly stirring the blade. Move it towards the water.

  Waste plastic that does not melt due to its low melting temperature, and disposable razors with metal pieces, aluminum pieces in containers, pieces of foreign materials mixed in waste plastic such as ceramics and glass settle on the pyrolyzer frame. The unmelted thermosetting waste plastic and chlorinated waste plastic in the waste plastic float on the surface of the dissolved oil, and both are moved toward the discharge side by feed blades.

  Since the melted oil in the frame of the pyrolyzer installed in the oblique direction is only near the front of the discharge port of the frame, neither the stirring shaft nor the slanted portion of the discharge end of the frame is in contact with the dissolved oil. The unmelted waste plastic and non-waste plastic are drained and gathered at the chute of the upper gate of the eight outlets.

  The oil vapor pyrolyzed during the melting and decomposing operation evaporates at the dissolved oil level in the oblique upper space of the pyrolyzer. The suction gas is sucked from the exhaust port. In the cyclone type heat exchanger, the oil droplets are collected by cooling and collected as a plastic decomposition oil as an oil liquid.

Plastic cracked oil has a bad smell such as mixed chlorine gas. Also, hydrocarbons, esters and the like exhaust light off-flavors. Deodorize or neutralize to reduce off-flavors.
In the apparatus of the present invention, it is adsorbed to an alkaline furnace material for the purpose of deodorization. Passing through deodorant tower, 22. Installed in water tank 23. 24. A negative pressure is generated between the inside of the pyrolyzer by the ejector pump. Release gas from the surface of the water into the atmosphere.

8. Unmelted waste plastics and non-waste plastics 8. The upper discharge gate is opened. When the upper gate is closed and the lower gate is opened, it is stored in the next pyrolyzer installed in stages, and when the storage ends, both the upper gate and the lower gate are closed and melted. Perform disassembly work.
The melting / decomposing process was continuously carried out with the A group, the next established B group, and the next C group.

The next group, Group B, is an untreated waste plastic that was not melted or decomposed in Group A, and raised the melting temperature to 400 ° C to 450 ° C. To do.
In the melting / decomposition process of Group B, the unmelted waste plastic and the waste plastic produced by curing again are subdivided by the stirring blades.

The crystalline organic matter generated in the form of an eraser is generated in both the A group and the B group.
As the melting and decomposition temperature increases, the amount of crystalline organic matter decreases. When unmelted and undecomposed matter at 400 ° C. or higher and about 450 ° C. is supplied again to Group C, immersed in dissolved oil, and further melted / decomposed at a higher melting / decomposition temperature, the mixed paper piece is carbonized.

When the temperature is melted in Group C, both the thermosetting waste plastic and the chlorinated waste plastic are melted and converted into oil. However, when the collected oil is left at room temperature, a part of the oil is solidified in the oil.
The residue is carbonized, and the chlorinated residue is made porous and lightened.
The decomposition temperature is preferably around 580 ° C. All undegraded products are 12. It is confused and discharged to the residue container.

The feature of the present invention is that the pyrolyzer is placed one above the other in the first, second, and third stages, and the slope is formed while separating the oil adhering to the surface of the unmelted material by immersion in the dissolved oil by providing an inclination. It is possible to feed up.
All the equipment of the transpiration oil is vacuum, and from the evacuation with the receiving hopper of the A group, the B group C group and 12. Since the residue container is in communication with each other, and the residue container is provided with four air inlets and is evacuated, all the components have a vacuum.

  The oil vapor generated from the pyrolyzer is 14. 16. Cyclone heat exchanger The cyclone type heat exchanger is inhaled at the outer periphery of the fuselage. Cooling water vapor is liquefied by passing cooling water and 18. Housed in oil collection tank. 20. 21. Deodorizing filter medium filled with alkaline ceramic. Store inside the deodorant tower. The filter medium is filled with a porous substance having a pH of 12 or more. 23. Measure the delay of obstacles and suction gas. Suction with an ejector pump, 24. Pass through water-sealed water and release to the atmosphere.

  In the present invention, the oil mixture is made into a heating oil regardless of the type of the waste plastic without sorting out mixed materials such as paper pieces, aluminum foil, rubbers, wires, metals and the like mixed in the waste plastic.

The oil collected has a lower viscosity as the heat decomposes at a lower temperature, and the weight of the oil increases as the temperature increases. Heavy oil can be used as cracked oil.
The advantage of high-frequency induction heating is that the melting / decomposition temperature can be set freely, and it is possible to deal with any mixed substances.

A feature of this waste plastic pyrolyzer is that it is heated at a high frequency from the outer periphery of a frame placed obliquely to transfer heat to the dissolved oil, and is forced into the dissolved oil by a stirring blade and an immersion blade.
Due to insufficient melting temperature, unmelted materials and non-waste plastics slowly rise up the slope by the feed blade, and when leaving the dissolved oil surface, the room temperature is high, so the adhering oil drops due to evaporation and melting action, and flows down the slope and dissolves. Return to oil.
Unmelted and foreign oil deposits have the effect of draining.

Test in the waste plastic pyrolyzer of the present invention.
20 kg of shopping bags, vinyl sheets, strings, bands, bands, and various containers are put into the treated items, the temperature is raised to 250 ° C. for 15 minutes, and the melting oil is maintained for 5 minutes. . Small amount of residue and 87% oil collection.

Performed using the dissolved oil in the test machine.
The test temperature is 350 ° C for 30 minutes.
The same processed material, thermosetting welding wire reel, and old tires are introduced.
The amount of oil collected is 42% by weight. The residue is a crystalline eraser-like solid.

The test machine is the same, the dissolved oil is the previous residual oil, and the replenished processed material is 100A-150A VA flange, elbow, pipe and other vinyl chloride waste plastics.
The test temperature was 550 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the amount of oil collected was 61% by weight.
The residue after liquefaction becomes a porous, pumice-like black carbon-like substance.

It is the installation side view of the thermal decomposition machine of one Example of this invention apparatus. It is the figure which showed the cyclone type heat exchanger and deodorizing apparatus of this invention apparatus. It is the figure which showed the thermal decomposition machine of this invention apparatus, and oil-collecting / deodorizing apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input hopper input gate 2 Hopper lower supply gate 3 Receiving hopper 4 Intake port 5 High frequency induction heating coil 6 Thermal decomposition machine 7 Exhaust port 8 Discharge port upper gate 9 Discharge port lower gate 10 Dissolved oil 11 Geared motor A The mechanism of A group B 5-11 is named generically and the mechanism of B group C 5-11 is generically called C group 12. Residue container 13 Discharge residue 14 Cyclone heat exchanger 15 Cyclone inner cylinder 16 Cyclone inlet 17 Deodorizing device suction port 18 Oil collection tank 19 Cooling water 20 Deodorizing filter medium 21 Deodorizing tower 22 Water tank 23 Ejector pump 24 Water A ′ A group A ′ group B ′ B 14 to 24 mechanisms associated with the group are collectively referred to as 14 to 24 mechanisms associated with the B 'group C' C group. C 'group are collectively referred to as structure

Claims (2)

  A high-frequency induction heating coil is placed around the cylindrical frame and placed horizontally, and the shaft, stirring blade, immersion blade, and feed blade are provided inside the melted oil. A waste plastic pyrolyzer with a plurality of steps consisting of a supply port and a fuel supply port stacked on the low position side, and decomposed at higher temperatures from the upper decomposition temperature to the lower one.   2. The pyrolyzer according to claim 1, wherein oil can be removed by inclining the cylindrical frame, and the negative pressure is maintained by communicating the supply port, the discharge port and the residue container between the groups.

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