JP2009077004A - Antenna device for vehicle - Google Patents

Antenna device for vehicle Download PDF

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JP2009077004A
JP2009077004A JP2007241791A JP2007241791A JP2009077004A JP 2009077004 A JP2009077004 A JP 2009077004A JP 2007241791 A JP2007241791 A JP 2007241791A JP 2007241791 A JP2007241791 A JP 2007241791A JP 2009077004 A JP2009077004 A JP 2009077004A
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conductor
flat plate
vehicle
radiation conductor
hole
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JP4944719B2 (en
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Hidekazu Oishibashi
秀和 大石橋
Satoshi Hori
智 堀
Naoki Inagaki
直樹 稲垣
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Kojima Industries Corp
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Kojima Press Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antenna device of low height compatible with vertically polarized radio waves. <P>SOLUTION: The antenna device for vehicle includes a ground conductor 11 with a first and a second holes 12 and 13, a radiation conductor 21 for vehicle-to-vehicle communication with a third hole 23 at its center and installed in substantially parallel to the ground conductor 11, a cylinder conductor 25 for short-circuiting the peripheral edge of the second hole 13 of the ground conductor 11 and the peripheral edge of third hole 23 of the radiation conductor 21, and an electric supply line 29 spaced apart from the ground conductor 11 and connected to a feed point 27 of the radiation conductor 21. A length in a direction from the feed point 27 of the radiation conductor 21 along the cylinder conductor 25 and a length in a direction perpendicular to the direction is a length by which the radiation conductor 21 resonates at higher-order mode using the center as a node of voltage. The antenna device should be installed at the vehicle in a way that the direction from the feed point 27 of the radiation conductor 21 along the cylinder conductor 25 becomes the cross direction of the vehicle. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、車両用アンテナ装置の構造に関する。   The present invention relates to the structure of a vehicle antenna device.

自動車には自動車外部との通信において電波の送受信を行うことが必要な様々な装置が搭載されている。これらの装置には、例えば、高度道路交通システム（ＩＴＳ、Intelligent Transport System）の１つであるノンストップ料金自動支払いシステム（ＥＴＣ、Electronic Toll Collection System）や、カーナビゲーションシステムに用いられる道路交通情報システム（ＶＩＣＳ、Vehicle Information and Communication System）、や衛星測位システム（ＧＰＳ、Global Positioning System）等に用いられる通信装置、車載電話、ＡＭ、ＦＭラジオなどがある。また、近年、自動車の安全のために、自動車相互の位置或いは走行状態などを相互に通信する車車間通信システムが搭載されるようになってきている。   An automobile is equipped with various devices that are required to transmit and receive radio waves in communication with the outside of the automobile. These devices include, for example, a non-stop automatic payment system (ETC, Electronic Toll Collection System), which is one of intelligent transport systems (ITS), and road traffic information systems used in car navigation systems. (VICS, Vehicle Information and Communication System), communication devices used in satellite positioning systems (GPS, Global Positioning System), etc., in-vehicle telephones, AM, FM radio, and the like. Further, in recent years, for the safety of automobiles, an inter-vehicle communication system that mutually communicates the position or running state of automobiles has been installed.

このような各種の通信システムは、対応する周波数帯域や変調方式が異なるため、それぞれの通信システムに専用のアンテナをつけることが望ましいが、自動車の搭載スペースは限られている上、車外にアンテナを設置することは美観や意匠から制限される場合が多い。   Since such various communication systems have different frequency bands and modulation schemes, it is desirable to provide a dedicated antenna for each communication system. However, the space for mounting an automobile is limited, and an antenna is installed outside the vehicle. Installation is often limited by aesthetics and design.

そこで、複数のアンテナを共用化したり、より小さなスペースに複数のアンテナを設置したりすることが提案されている。例えば、特許文献１には、複数の周波数で動作する２つの放射素子であるパッチを重ねて配置し、２つの周波数帯において動作すると共に、アンテナ高さを低く抑えるようにした積層パッチアンテナが提案されている。   Accordingly, it has been proposed to share a plurality of antennas or install a plurality of antennas in a smaller space. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a stacked patch antenna in which patches, which are two radiating elements that operate at a plurality of frequencies, are arranged to overlap to operate in two frequency bands and the antenna height is kept low. Has been.

また、自動車に搭載される各種の通信システムは、対応する偏波が異なる場合が多い。例えば、ＥＴＣシステムは円偏波で高仰角方向の指向性の電波が用いられ、車車間通信システムは垂直偏波で低仰角方向の指向性の電波が用いられる。特許文献１に記載されているパッチアンテナは上下方向の指向性が高いことから、円偏波で高仰角方向の指向性の電波を用いるＥＴＣなどのシステムに適用することができるが、垂直偏波で低仰角方向の指向性の電波を用いる車車間通信システム用としては用いることができず、複数のアンテナが必要となる。このため、特許文献２には、円偏波用のパッチアンテナと接地導体に対して垂直に立設された放射エレメントからなる垂直偏波用アンテナとを接続して円偏波の電波と垂直偏波の電波の２つの偏波の電波に対応することができる２偏波共用アンテナが提案されている。   In addition, various communication systems mounted on automobiles often have different corresponding polarizations. For example, the ETC system uses a circularly polarized wave with high directivity in the direction of high elevation, and the inter-vehicle communication system uses a vertically polarized wave with directionality in the low elevation direction. Since the patch antenna described in Patent Document 1 has high directivity in the vertical direction, the patch antenna can be applied to a system such as ETC that uses radio waves with circular polarization and directivity in the high elevation direction. Therefore, it cannot be used for a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system using directivity radio waves in a low elevation angle direction, and a plurality of antennas are required. For this reason, in Patent Document 2, a circularly polarized radio wave and a vertically polarized wave are connected by connecting a circularly polarized patch antenna and a vertically polarized antenna composed of a radiating element standing vertically to the ground conductor. A dual-polarized antenna that can deal with two polarized radio waves has been proposed.

特開２００２−１５８５３５号公報JP 2002-158535 A 特開２００５−２０３０１号公報JP 2005-20301 A

しかし、特許文献２に記載された従来技術の２偏波共用アンテナは、円偏波の電波に対応するための平板のパッチと垂直偏波の電波に対応するために地導体から垂直に立ち上がった放射エレメントとを備えていることから、アンテナ全体が大きくなってしまい自動車の狭いアンテナ設置スペースに搭載することができないという問題がある。   However, the dual-polarized antenna according to the prior art described in Patent Document 2 rises vertically from the ground conductor to correspond to a flat patch and a vertically polarized radio wave corresponding to a circularly polarized radio wave. Since the radiating element is provided, there is a problem that the entire antenna becomes large and cannot be mounted in a narrow antenna installation space of the automobile.

そこで、本発明は、垂直偏波の電波に対応することができる高さの低いアンテナ装置を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a low-profile antenna device that can cope with vertically polarized radio waves.

本発明の車両用アンテナ装置は、第１および第２孔が設けられた平板地導体と、中央に第３孔が設けられ、平板地導体と概略平行に設置される第１平板放射導体と、平板地導体の第２孔の周縁と第１平板放射導体の第３孔の周縁とを短絡する筒導体と、平板地導体から離間し、平板地導体の第１孔の中を通って第１平板放射導体の第１給電点に接続される第１給電線と、を備えた車両用アンテナ装置であって、第１平板放射導体の第１給電点から筒導体に沿った方向及びその直角方向の長さは、第１平板放射導体がその中央を電圧の節として高次モードで共振する長さであり、第１平板放射導体の第１給電点から筒導体に向かう方向が車両の前後方向となるように車両に搭載されること、を特徴とする。   The vehicle antenna device of the present invention includes a flat plate conductor provided with first and second holes, a first flat plate radiation conductor provided with a third hole in the center and installed substantially parallel to the flat plate conductor, A cylindrical conductor that short-circuits the peripheral edge of the second hole of the flat plate conductor and the peripheral edge of the third hole of the first flat plate radiation conductor, spaced apart from the flat plate conductor, and passes through the first hole of the flat plate conductor. A vehicle antenna device comprising: a first feed line connected to a first feed point of a flat plate radiation conductor; a direction along the tube conductor from the first feed point of the first flat plate radiation conductor and a direction perpendicular thereto Is the length at which the first flat plate radiation conductor resonates in a higher-order mode with its center at the voltage node, and the direction from the first feeding point of the first flat plate radiation conductor toward the tubular conductor is the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. It is mounted on a vehicle so that

本発明の車両用アンテナ装置において、第１平板放射導体は、垂直偏波用の放射導体であり、第１平板放射導体の平板地導体とは反対側に概略平行に設置される円偏波用の第２平板放射導体と、平板地導体と第１平板放射導体と筒導体とから離間し、平板地導体の第２孔と第１平板放射導体の第３孔及び筒導体の中を通って第２平板放射導体の第２給電点に接続される第２給電線と、を備え、第２平板放射導体は第１平板放射導体よりも小さく、第１平板放射導体からはみ出さないよう設置されていること、としても好適であるし、第２平板放射導体の第２給電点から第１平板放射導体の第１給電点に沿った方向及びその直角方向の長さは、第２平板放射導体が１次モードで共振する長さであること、としても好適であるし、第１平板放射導体と第２平板放射導体とは共通の共振周波数を備えていること、としても好適であるし、第１平板放射導体は車車間通信用であること、としても好適である。   In the vehicle antenna device according to the present invention, the first flat plate radiation conductor is a vertically polarized radiation conductor, and is installed for a circular polarization that is disposed substantially parallel to the opposite side of the flat ground conductor of the first flat plate radiation conductor. The second flat plate radiating conductor, the flat plate ground conductor, the first flat plate radiating conductor, and the cylindrical conductor are separated from each other, and pass through the second hole of the flat plate ground conductor, the third hole of the first flat plate radiating conductor, and the cylindrical conductor. A second feed line connected to the second feed point of the second flat plate radiation conductor, the second flat plate radiation conductor being smaller than the first flat plate radiation conductor and installed so as not to protrude from the first flat plate radiation conductor. The length from the second feeding point of the second flat plate radiating conductor to the first feeding point of the first flat plate radiating conductor and the length in the direction perpendicular thereto are determined by the second flat plate radiating conductor. Is a length that resonates in the first-order mode. If it is a second flat radiation conductor and a common resonance frequency, also to be suitable as the first flat radiation conductor it is for inter-vehicle communication, it is also preferable.

本発明は、垂直偏波の電波に対応することができる高さの低いアンテナ装置を提供することができるという効果を奏する。   The present invention has an effect that it is possible to provide a low-profile antenna device that can deal with vertically polarized radio waves.

以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。図１、図２（ａ）に示す車両用アンテナ装置１０は図示しない車両に搭載されており、図１、図２（ａ）おいて、Ｘは車両の前後方向を示し、Ｙは車両の幅方向を示し、Ｚは車両の高さ方向を示す。Ｚ方向の矢印の向きは車両の上方向となる。図１に示すように、本実施形態の車両用アンテナ装置１０は、平板地導体である地導体１１と、地導体１１の上に配置された誘電体４１と、誘電体４１の上に設置された第１平板放射導体である車車間通信用放射導体２１と、車車間通信用放射導体２１の上に設けられた誘電体４３と、誘電体４３の上に設けられた第２放射導体であるＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１と、車車間通信用放射導体２１の中央と地導体１１の中央とを短絡する筒導体２５と、同軸ケーブルの内導体であって、車車間通信用放射導体２１の給電点２７に給電する給電線２９と、ＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１の給電点３３に給電する給電線３５と、地導体１１の下面側に接続された各給電線２９，３５の外導体４５，４７とを備えている。誘電体４１は、地導体１１と車車間通信用放射導体２１とを略平行に保持するよう厚さは一様であり、誘電体４３も誘電体４１と同様に、車車間通信用放射導体２１とＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１及び地導体１１とを略平行に保持するように車車間通信用放射導体２１とＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１との間の厚さは一様である。   Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The vehicle antenna device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (a) is mounted on a vehicle (not shown). In FIGS. 1 and 2 (a), X indicates the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and Y is the width of the vehicle. Indicates the direction, and Z indicates the height direction of the vehicle. The direction of the arrow in the Z direction is the upward direction of the vehicle. As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle antenna device 10 of the present embodiment is installed on a ground conductor 11 that is a flat ground conductor, a dielectric 41 disposed on the ground conductor 11, and the dielectric 41. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21, which is a first flat plate radiation conductor, dielectric 43 provided on vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21, and second radiation conductor provided on dielectric 43. ETC communication radiating conductor 31, cylindrical conductor 25 that short-circuits the center of inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21 and the center of ground conductor 11, and an inner conductor of a coaxial cable, which feeds radiating conductor 21 for inter-vehicle communication A power supply line 29 that supplies power to the point 27, a power supply line 35 that supplies power to the power supply point 33 of the radiation conductor 31 for ETC communication, and outer conductors 45 and 47 of the power supply lines 29 and 35 connected to the lower surface side of the ground conductor 11. And. The dielectric 41 has a uniform thickness so that the ground conductor 11 and the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21 are held substantially in parallel, and the dielectric 43 is also similar to the dielectric 41 in the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21. And the ETC communication radiation conductor 31 and the ground conductor 11 are substantially parallel to each other, and the thickness between the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 and the ETC communication radiation conductor 31 is uniform.

地導体１１は車車間通信用放射導体２１への給電線２９が通る第１孔１２を備え、誘電体４１は第１孔１２と同一の位置に同様の大きさの孔４２を備えている。また、地導体１１と車車間通信用放射導体２１は、それぞれの中央にＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１への給電線３５が通る第２孔１３と第３孔２３を備えている。第２孔１３と第３孔２３とはＸＹ面の上の同一位置に設けられている。車車間通信用放射導体２１の第３孔２３の周縁と地導体１１の第２孔１３の周縁とは筒導体２５によって短絡されている。誘電体４１は筒導体２５の外周側に設けられている。また、誘電体４３は、車車間通信用放射導体２１の第３孔２３と同一位置に同様の大きさの孔４６を備えている。第１孔１２の中を車車間通信用放射導体２１に触れないように離間して通る給電線２９は誘電体４１の孔４２を通って車車間通信用放射導体２１の給電点２７に接続され、車車間通信用放射導体２１に給電を行うよう構成されている。また、第２孔１３と筒導体２５と第３孔２３の中を各導体１１、２５、２１に触れないように離間して通る給電線３５は誘電体４３の孔４６を通ってＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１の給電点３３に接続され、ＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１に給電を行うよう構成されている。   The ground conductor 11 includes a first hole 12 through which the power supply line 29 to the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 passes, and the dielectric 41 includes a hole 42 of the same size at the same position as the first hole 12. The ground conductor 11 and the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21 include a second hole 13 and a third hole 23 through which the power supply line 35 to the ETC communication radiating conductor 31 passes. The second hole 13 and the third hole 23 are provided at the same position on the XY plane. The peripheral edge of the third hole 23 of the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 and the peripheral edge of the second hole 13 of the ground conductor 11 are short-circuited by the cylindrical conductor 25. The dielectric 41 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical conductor 25. The dielectric 43 has a hole 46 of the same size at the same position as the third hole 23 of the radiation conductor 21 for inter-vehicle communication. A feed line 29 that passes through the first hole 12 so as not to touch the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 is connected to a feed point 27 of the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 through the hole 42 of the dielectric 41. The vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 is configured to supply power. Further, the feed line 35 that passes through the second hole 13, the cylindrical conductor 25, and the third hole 23 so as not to touch the conductors 11, 25, 21 passes through the hole 46 of the dielectric 43 and is used for ETC communication. It is connected to the feeding point 33 of the radiation conductor 31 and configured to feed power to the radiation conductor 31 for ETC communication.

図２（ａ）に示すように、地導体１１は一辺の長さがＬ0の正方形の平板であり、車車間通信用放射導体２１は一辺の長さが地導体１１よりも短いＬ1の正方形の平板であり、ＥＴＣ通信用放射導体は一辺の長さが車車間通信用放射導体２１よりも短いＬ2の正方形の平板の２つの対向する角を面取りした形状となっている。地導体１１と車車間通信用放射導体２１とは、それぞれのＸ方向中心線５１とＹ方向中心線５２とが一致するように配置されており、ＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１はＸ方向の中心は地導体１１と車車間通信用放射導体２１の中心と一致するよう配置され、Ｙ方向にはインピーダンスの整合をとるために中心線５３をＸ方向中心線５１から距離Ｄだけずらして配置されている。また、ＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１は車車間通信用放射導体２１からはみ出さないように配置されている。正方形の地導体１１と車車間通信用放射導体２１の各辺はそれぞれ平行となるように配置され、面取り部以外のＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１の各辺は正方形の地導体１１と車車間通信用放射導体２１の各辺に平行となるように配置されている。また、誘電体４１，４３は地導体１１と同一の大きさの正方形で、その四周が地導体１１の四周と重なるように配置されている。 As shown in FIG. 2A, the ground conductor 11 is a square flat plate having a side length L 0 , and the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 has a side length L 1 shorter than that of the ground conductor 11. It is a square flat plate, and the ETC communication radiating conductor has a shape in which two opposing corners of the L 2 square flat plate whose one side is shorter than the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21 are chamfered. The ground conductor 11 and the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 are arranged so that the X-direction center line 51 and the Y-direction center line 52 coincide with each other, and the ETC communication radiation conductor 31 has the center in the X direction. Arranged so as to coincide with the center of the ground conductor 11 and the radiation conductor 21 for inter-vehicle communication, and in the Y direction, the center line 53 is shifted from the X direction center line 51 by a distance D in order to achieve impedance matching. . The ETC communication radiation conductor 31 is arranged so as not to protrude from the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21. The sides of the square ground conductor 11 and the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 are arranged in parallel to each other, and the sides of the ETC communication radiation conductor 31 other than the chamfered portion are arranged for the square ground conductor 11 and the inter-vehicle communication. The radiating conductor 21 is arranged so as to be parallel to each side. The dielectrics 41 and 43 are squares having the same size as the ground conductor 11, and are arranged so that the four circumferences overlap the four circumferences of the ground conductor 11.

図２（ａ）に示すように、車両用アンテナ装置１０は、車車間通信用放射導体２１の第１給電点２７から筒導体２５に向かう方向がＸ方向、すなわち、図示しない車両の前後方向となるように車両に搭載されている。このため、図２のＹ方向は車両の幅方向となる。   As shown in FIG. 2 (a), in the vehicle antenna device 10, the direction from the first feeding point 27 of the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 to the tube conductor 25 is the X direction, that is, the vehicle longitudinal direction (not shown). It is mounted on the vehicle. Therefore, the Y direction in FIG. 2 is the vehicle width direction.

以下、本発明の実施形態の動作について説明する。図１、図２（ａ）に示すように、本実施形態の車車間通信用放射導体２１は、筒導体２５によって放射導体の中央が地導体１１に短絡されているため、中央の電圧は常にゼロとなる。このため、給電点２７から車車間通信用放射導体２１に給電すると、車車間通信用放射導体２１は、中央の電圧がゼロとなるような高次の共振モードで共振する放射導体として用いることができる。図２（ｂ）に示すように本実施形態では、正方形の車車間通信用放射導体２１の各辺の長さは、誘電体４１，４３の比誘電率を考慮した場合に３次モードで共振するような長さとしている。このため、図２（ｂ）の実線で示すように、車車間通信用放射導体２１は中央に電圧ゼロの節を持ち、両端が電圧最大の腹となるような３次モード、すなわち、３／２波長のモードあるいは電気長３πのモードにて共振する。また、図２（ｂ）の点線に示すように、電圧がゼロの節では、電流は最大の腹となり、電圧が最大の腹になる両端は電流の流れがゼロの節となる。   Hereinafter, the operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2A, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 of this embodiment is short-circuited to the ground conductor 11 at the center of the radiation conductor by the cylindrical conductor 25, so the voltage at the center is always constant. It becomes zero. For this reason, when power is supplied to the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 from the feeding point 27, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 is used as a radiation conductor that resonates in a higher-order resonance mode in which the central voltage is zero. it can. As shown in FIG. 2B, in this embodiment, the length of each side of the square-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 resonates in the third-order mode when the relative permittivity of the dielectrics 41 and 43 is taken into consideration. It is as long as you want. For this reason, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 2B, the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 has a node of zero voltage in the center and a third mode in which both ends are antinodes, that is, 3 / Resonates in a two-wavelength mode or a mode with an electrical length of 3π. Further, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 2B, the current has a maximum antinode at the node where the voltage is zero, and both ends where the voltage is the maximum are nodes where the current flow is zero.

このように、車車間通信用放射導体２１の中央を地導体１１に短絡する筒導体２５を設けて車車間通信用放射導体を３次モードにて用いると、給電点２７から筒導体２５に向かう方向に水平方向の指向性を得ることができる。そして、この水平方向の指向性によって垂直偏波の電波の送受信を行うことができる。   In this way, when the tubular conductor 25 that short-circuits the center of the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 to the ground conductor 11 is used and the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor is used in the tertiary mode, the feed point 27 goes to the tube conductor 25. Directionality in the horizontal direction can be obtained in the direction. Then, it is possible to transmit and receive vertically polarized radio waves by this horizontal directivity.

また、本実施形態のＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１は車車間通信用放射導体２１の略１／３の長さであり、図２（ｃ）の実線に示すように、給電点３３への給電によって両端辺の電圧が最大で、中央の電圧がゼロの節となる１次モード、即ち１／２波長或いは電気長πのモードで共振する。また、図２（ｃ）の点線に示すように、電圧がゼロの節では、電流は最大の腹となり、電圧が最大の腹になる両端は電流の流れがゼロの節となる。ＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１は、その面に垂直に方向、即ち車両の上下方向であるＺ方向の指向性を備え、この上下へ方向の指向性によって円偏波の電波の送受信を行うことができる。ＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１は車車間通信用放射導体２１の上に車車間通信用放射導体２１からはみ出さないように設けられていることから、地導体１１との間で電波の放射を行うことは無く、車車間通信用放射導体２１とは独立して共振を起こすようになっている。   Further, the ETC communication radiating conductor 31 of the present embodiment is approximately one third of the length of the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21, and as shown by the solid line in FIG. Resonance occurs in a primary mode in which the voltage at both ends is the maximum and the voltage at the center is zero, that is, a mode of ½ wavelength or electrical length π. Further, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 2C, the current has a maximum antinode at a node where the voltage is zero, and both ends where the voltage is the maximum are nodes where the current flow is zero. The ETC communication radiation conductor 31 has directivity in the direction perpendicular to the surface thereof, that is, the Z direction that is the vertical direction of the vehicle, and can transmit and receive circularly polarized radio waves by the directivity in the vertical direction. . Since the ETC communication radiating conductor 31 is provided on the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21 so as not to protrude from the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21, it radiates radio waves with the ground conductor 11. There is no resonance, and resonance occurs independently of the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21.

図３は、本実施形態の車両用アンテナ装置１０の水平面内の指向性を示す図である。図３において、円周方向は水平方向の角度を示し、角度０，１８０は車両の前後方向を示し、角度９０，２７０は車両の幅方向を示す。また、図３の半径方向は信号の利得（ｄＢ）を示し、最外周が５（ｄＢ），中心が−５（ｄＢ）となっている。図３に示すように、本実施形態では、周方向の角度が０°〜２１°、１６１〜１９８°、３３８〜３６０°の範囲で、通信に必要な１（ｄＢ）以上の利得を確保することができ、前後方向共に角度が約４０°の範囲で通信可能となることがわかる。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the directivity in the horizontal plane of the vehicle antenna device 10 of the present embodiment. In FIG. 3, the circumferential direction indicates a horizontal angle, the angles 0 and 180 indicate the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the angles 90 and 270 indicate the width direction of the vehicle. Further, the radial direction of FIG. 3 indicates the gain (dB) of the signal, the outermost circumference is 5 (dB), and the center is −5 (dB). As shown in FIG. 3, in the present embodiment, a gain of 1 (dB) or more necessary for communication is ensured when the circumferential angle is in the range of 0 ° to 21 °, 161 to 198 °, and 338 to 360 °. It can be seen that communication is possible within an angle range of about 40 ° in the front-rear direction.

図４は、本実施形態の車両用アンテナ装置１０の垂直面内での指向性を示すものである。図４において、周方向は垂直面内における見上げ角度を示し、角度０は車両の上方向、角度１８０は車両の下方向、角度９０，２７０はそれぞれ車両の幅方向を示している。また、図４の半径方向は信号の利得（ｄＢ）を示し、最外周が１０（ｄＢ）、中心が−２０（ｄＢ）である。図４からわかるように、本実施形態の車両用アンテナ装置１０は、車両の上方向である角度ゼロを中心に広い範囲で利得が通信に必要な１（ｄＢ）以上となっており、角度２３°のＥＴＣ路側では４．４（ｄＢ）の利得が得られ、ＥＴＣ通信用アンテナとして十分な特性を持っていることがわかる。   FIG. 4 shows the directivity in the vertical plane of the vehicle antenna device 10 of the present embodiment. In FIG. 4, the circumferential direction indicates a look-up angle in the vertical plane, angle 0 indicates the upward direction of the vehicle, angle 180 indicates the downward direction of the vehicle, and angles 90 and 270 indicate the width direction of the vehicle. Also, the radial direction in FIG. 4 indicates the gain (dB) of the signal, the outermost periphery is 10 (dB), and the center is −20 (dB). As can be seen from FIG. 4, the vehicle antenna device 10 of the present embodiment has a gain of 1 (dB) or more required for communication in a wide range centering on the angle zero that is the upward direction of the vehicle, and the angle 23 It can be seen that a gain of 4.4 (dB) is obtained on the ETC road side, and that the antenna has sufficient characteristics as an ETC communication antenna.

図５は、本実施形態の車車間通信用放射導体２１のリターンロスとＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１との結合度を示すグラフである。図５において曲線ａは車車間通信用放射導体２１のリターンロスを示し、曲線ｂはＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１との結合度を示している。本実施形態の車両用アンテナ装置１０は５．８ＧＨｚの垂直偏波で低仰角方向指向性を持つ車車間通信用電波及び、同じく５．８ＧＨｚの円偏波で高仰角方向指向性を持つＥＴＣ通信用電波に対応するように、各放射導体２１，３１の寸法が決められている。図５の曲線ａに示すように、本実施形態の車両用アンテナ装置１０の車車間通信用放射導体２１は５．８ＧＨｚにおいて、リターンロスが約−２０（ｄＢ）となっており、対応周波数に対して良好な特性を示すと共に、同周波数の円偏波の電波を受信するＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１との結合度は対応周波数の５．８ＧＨｚにおいて−１８（ｄＢ）以下となっており、良好なセパレーション特性を備えていることがわかる。このように、本実施形態の車両用アンテナ装置１０は同じ周波数の垂直偏波と円偏波の２つの偏波方式の電波をそれぞれ良好に送受信することができる２偏波共用アンテナとして機能する。   FIG. 5 is a graph showing the degree of coupling between the return loss of the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 and the ETC communication radiation conductor 31 of the present embodiment. In FIG. 5, the curve a indicates the return loss of the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21, and the curve b indicates the degree of coupling with the ETC communication radiation conductor 31. The vehicle antenna device 10 of the present embodiment is a vehicle-to-vehicle communication radio wave having a low elevation angle directionality with 5.8 GHz vertical polarization, and an ETC communication having a high elevation angle directionality with a circular polarization of 5.8 GHz. The dimensions of the radiation conductors 21 and 31 are determined so as to correspond to the radio waves for use. As shown by a curve a in FIG. 5, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 of the vehicle antenna device 10 of the present embodiment has a return loss of about −20 (dB) at 5.8 GHz. In addition to showing good characteristics, the degree of coupling with the ETC communication radiation conductor 31 that receives circularly polarized radio waves of the same frequency is -18 (dB) or less at the corresponding frequency of 5.8 GHz, which is good. It can be seen that it has excellent separation characteristics. Thus, the vehicular antenna device 10 of this embodiment functions as a dual-polarized antenna that can satisfactorily transmit and receive radio waves of the two polarization methods of vertical polarization and circular polarization of the same frequency.

以上述べたように、本実施形態の車両用アンテナ装置１０は、中央に地導体１１と車車間通信用放射導体２１とを短絡する筒導体２５を設け、車車間通信用放射導体２１の大きさを３次の高次モードによって用いることによって水平方向の指向性が得られ、アンテナ全体の高さを低く保つと共に垂直偏波を用いる車車間通信用アンテナとして通信に必要な利得を得ることができるという効果を奏する。また、本実施形態は、１次モードで共振する長さを持ち車車間通信用放射導体２１より小さいＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１を車車間通信用放射導体２１の上に重ねた二層構造とすることによって、相互の干渉が無くそれぞれ垂直偏波と円偏波の電波に対応することができる高さの低い２偏波共用アンテナとすることができるという効果を奏する。   As described above, the vehicular antenna apparatus 10 of the present embodiment is provided with the cylindrical conductor 25 that short-circuits the ground conductor 11 and the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21 at the center, and the size of the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21. Can be used in the third-order higher-order mode to obtain the directivity in the horizontal direction, keep the overall height of the antenna low, and obtain a gain necessary for communication as a vehicle-to-vehicle communication antenna using vertical polarization. There is an effect. In the present embodiment, the ETC communication radiation conductor 31 having a length resonating in the primary mode and smaller than the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21 is stacked on the inter-vehicle communication radiation conductor 21. As a result, there is an effect that a dual-polarized antenna having a low height that can deal with vertically polarized waves and circularly polarized waves without mutual interference can be obtained.

以上説明した本実施形態では、車車間通信用放射導体２１は３次モードで共振するような寸法とすることとして説明したが、車車間通信用放射導体２１は中央を電圧の節として共振する高次モードによって用いられるものであれば、３次モードで共振する寸法に限られず、たとえば５次モードなどのより高次のモードに対応するものとしても良い。また、地導体１１の中央と車車間通信用放射導体２１の中央とを短絡する筒導体は、地導体１１の下側の接続されているＥＴＣ通信用放射導体３１への給電線３５の外導体４７を延長するように構成してもよい。   In the present embodiment described above, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21 has been described as having a size that resonates in the third-order mode. However, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21 has a high resonance frequency with the center as a voltage node. As long as it is used by the next mode, the dimension is not limited to the dimension that resonates in the third mode, and may correspond to a higher mode such as the fifth mode. The cylindrical conductor that short-circuits the center of the ground conductor 11 and the center of the inter-vehicle communication radiating conductor 21 is an outer conductor of the feeder line 35 to the ETC communication radiating conductor 31 connected to the lower side of the ground conductor 11. 47 may be extended.

本発明の実施形態における車両用アンテナ装置の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the antenna apparatus for vehicles in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態における車両用アンテナ装置の平面図である。It is a top view of the antenna apparatus for vehicles in the embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施形態における車両用アンテナ装置の水平面内の指向性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the directivity in the horizontal surface of the antenna apparatus for vehicles in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態における車両用アンテナ装置の垂直面内の指向性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the directivity in the vertical surface of the antenna apparatus for vehicles in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態における車両用アンテナ装置における車車間通信用放射導体のリターンロス及びＥＴＣ通信用放射導体との結合特性を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the return loss of the radiation conductor for vehicle-to-vehicle communication in the antenna apparatus for vehicles in embodiment of this invention, and a coupling characteristic with the radiation conductor for ETC communication.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ 車両用アンテナ装置、１１ 地導体、１２ 第１孔、１３ 第２孔、２１ 車車間通信用放射導体、２３ 第３孔、２５ 筒導体、２７，３３ 給電点、２９，３５ 給電線、３１ ＥＴＣ通信用放射導体、４１，４３ 誘電体、４２，４６ 孔、４５，４７ 外導体、５１ Ｘ方向中心線、５２ Ｙ方向中心線、ａ，ｂ 曲線、Ｄ 距離。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Vehicle antenna device, 11 Ground conductor, 12 1st hole, 13 2nd hole, 21 Radiation conductor for inter-vehicle communication, 23 3rd hole, 25 Tube conductor, 27, 33 Feed point, 29, 35 Feed line, 31 Radiation conductor for ETC communication, 41, 43 Dielectric, 42, 46 hole, 45, 47 Outer conductor, 51 X direction center line, 52 Y direction center line, a, b curve, D distance.

Claims (5)

第１および第２孔が設けられた平板地導体と、
中央に第３孔が設けられ、平板地導体と概略平行に設置される第１平板放射導体と、
平板地導体の第２孔の周縁と第１平板放射導体の第３孔の周縁とを短絡する筒導体と、
平板地導体から離間し、平板地導体の第１孔の中を通って第１平板放射導体の第１給電点に接続される第１給電線と、を備えた車両用アンテナ装置であって、
第１平板放射導体の第１給電点から筒導体に沿った方向及びその直角方向の長さは、第１平板放射導体がその中央を電圧の節として高次モードで共振する長さであり、第１平板放射導体の第１給電点から筒導体に向かう方向が車両の前後方向となるように車両に搭載されること、
を特徴とする車両用アンテナ装置。 A flat ground conductor provided with first and second holes;
A first flat plate radiation conductor provided with a third hole in the center and installed substantially parallel to the flat plate conductor;
A cylindrical conductor that short-circuits the periphery of the second hole of the flat plate conductor and the periphery of the third hole of the first flat plate radiation conductor;
A vehicular antenna apparatus comprising: a first feed line that is spaced apart from the flat plate conductor and passes through the first hole of the flat plate conductor and is connected to the first feed point of the first flat plate radiation conductor;
The direction along the tube conductor from the first feeding point of the first flat plate radiating conductor and the length in the direction perpendicular thereto are the length at which the first flat plate radiating conductor resonates in a higher-order mode with its center at the voltage node, Being mounted on the vehicle such that the direction from the first feeding point of the first flat plate radiation conductor toward the tube conductor is the longitudinal direction of the vehicle;
A vehicle antenna apparatus characterized by the above. 請求項１に記載の車両用アンテナ装置であって、
第１平板放射導体は、垂直偏波用の放射導体であり、
第１平板放射導体の平板地導体とは反対側に概略平行に設置される円偏波用の第２平板放射導体と、
平板地導体と第１平板放射導体と筒導体とから離間し、平板地導体の第２孔と第１平板放射導体の第３孔及び筒導体の中を通って第２平板放射導体の第２給電点に接続される第２給電線と、を備え、
第２平板放射導体は第１平板放射導体よりも小さく、第１平板放射導体からはみ出さないよう設置されていること、
を特徴とする車両用アンテナ装置。 The vehicle antenna device according to claim 1,
The first flat plate radiation conductor is a vertically polarized radiation conductor,
A second flat plate radiating conductor for circularly polarized waves installed substantially parallel to the opposite side of the flat plate ground conductor of the first flat plate radiating conductor;
The second flat plate radiation conductor second is spaced apart from the flat plate ground conductor, the first flat plate radiation conductor, and the cylindrical conductor, passes through the second hole of the flat plate ground conductor, the third hole of the first flat plate radiation conductor, and the cylindrical conductor. A second feed line connected to the feed point,
The second flat plate radiation conductor is smaller than the first flat plate radiation conductor and is installed so as not to protrude from the first flat plate radiation conductor;
A vehicle antenna apparatus characterized by the above. 請求項２に記載の車両用アンテナ装置であって、
第２平板放射導体の第２給電点から第１平板放射導体の第１給電点に沿った方向及びその直角方向の長さは、第２平板放射導体が１次モードで共振する長さであること、
を特徴とする車両用アンテナ装置。 The vehicle antenna device according to claim 2,
The direction along the first feed point of the first flat plate radiation conductor from the second feed point of the second flat plate radiation conductor and the length in the direction perpendicular thereto are the lengths at which the second flat plate radiation conductor resonates in the primary mode. thing,
A vehicle antenna apparatus characterized by the above. 請求項２または３に記載の車両用アンテナ装置であって、
第１平板放射導体と第２平板放射導体とは共通の共振周波数を備えていること、
を特徴とする車両用アンテナ装置。 The vehicle antenna device according to claim 2 or 3,
The first flat plate radiation conductor and the second flat plate radiation conductor have a common resonance frequency;
A vehicle antenna apparatus characterized by the above. 請求項１から４のいずれか１項に記載の車両用アンテナ装置であって、
第１平板放射導体は車車間通信用であること、
を特徴とする車両用アンテナ装置。 The vehicle antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The first flat plate radiation conductor is for inter-vehicle communication;
A vehicle antenna apparatus characterized by the above.
JP2007241791A 2007-09-19 2007-09-19 Vehicle antenna device Expired - Fee Related JP4944719B2 (en)

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DE102020117335B4 (en) 2020-07-01 2022-01-13 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Operating a communication device of a motor vehicle

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