JP2009063927A - Method for manufacturing toner for nonmagnetic single component development, developer, oilless fixing method and image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a toner for nonmagnetic single component development which is advantageous in fixation and separation properties and inhibition of sticking to a blade, a method for manufacturing the toner, and an oilless fixing method for fixing a toner image formed by using the toner. <P>SOLUTION: The method for manufacturing the toner for the non-magnetic single-component development includes: a step of melt-blending a toner material with a kneader; and a step of rolling and cooling. The kneader has: one independent dispersion section (A); two conveying sections including the independent first and second conveying sections (B1) and (B2) that sandwich the dispersion section (A) in-between; wherein the average effective temperature (D) of temperatures at which the independent dispersion section (A) is heated by a heater, is 15<D<40°C; and the difference (E) between the average effective temperature of the independent dispersion section (A) and an average heater effective temperature of the second conveying section (B2) satisfies the relation 60<E<100°C. In a wax of the toner rolling material the average dispersion particle diameter (Y1)(μm) of a small particle diameter group is 0.6<Y1<1.0. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing toner for nonmagnetic one-component development, a developer, an oilless fixing method, and an image forming method.

  Conventionally, a heating roll method has been widely adopted as a toner fixing method. In the heating roll method, the toner image is in pressure contact with the surface of the heating roll in a heated and melted state. For this reason, there is a problem of preventing a phenomenon (offset phenomenon) in which a part of the toner image adheres to the surface of the heating roll and is transferred to cause a stain on the next fixing sheet. Further, in this heating roll method, a separation mechanism such as a separation claw is provided in the roll portion to prevent a separation failure that the fixing sheet such as paper passes around the roll portion and then winds around the roll. However, in recent years, so-called oil-less fixing, which does not provide an oil application mechanism due to the miniaturization of copiers / printers, has become the mainstream, and in the conventional heating roll method, poor separation is required unless devised on the fuser side and toner side The problem that occurs occurs.

  Therefore, a method for improving the releasability of the toner at the time of heating and melting by adding a large amount of wax such as polypropylene or polyethylene in the toner, or a resin having excellent separability such as a fluororesin on the surface of the heating roll. A method of coating with is proposed. However, waxes such as polypropylene and polyethylene have a problem that they are not compatible with a polyester resin having a relatively strong polarity such as that used in toner production, and it is difficult to fill in a large amount. In order to solve such problems, modified waxes such as oxidized polyolefin waxes having polar groups at the molecular ends are used to improve the compatibility between the polyester resin and the wax, thereby improving the dispersibility of the wax and the high wax properties. Techniques that achieve both filling have been proposed. However, in these techniques, although the dispersibility of the wax is improved, the modified wax has a higher melt viscosity than the unmodified wax, and therefore is sensitive enough to receive the deviation stress applied during kneading. There is a problem that overdispersion tends to occur, and on the contrary, the dispersion diameter becomes too small and the releasability, which is the original function of the wax, is lowered, causing an offset phenomenon.

  Further, the problems regarding the offset property and the separation property are particularly remarkable in the full-color toner. That is, the full color toner needs to have higher heat meltability during fixing heating, lower viscosity, and gloss, transparency, and color reproducibility than black toner. However, full-color toners using a resin that achieves such required characteristics tend to decrease intermolecular cohesion during heat melting, so that the toner adhesion to the heating roller increases when passing through the fixing roller, resulting in poor separation. High temperature offsets are more likely to occur. In order to prevent this poor separation and high temperature offset, the toner is highly filled with wax to reduce the adhesion of the toner to the fixing roller. However, an increase in the wax dispersion diameter accompanying high wax filling has caused problems such as image noise due to free wax, and a technique for more uniformly controlling the wax dispersion has become a major problem.

  As technical means for uniformly dispersing the wax, there are an approach from designing a toner material and an approach in improving a toner production apparatus. In the prior art, there are many proposals of technologies based on resin design and wax design in consideration of the compatibility between toner materials, particularly binder resin and wax. In addition, as a technique for improving the toner manufacturing apparatus, many proposals have been made that the wax dispersion diameter can be controlled by adjusting a control factor such as temperature setting in a material dispersing machine such as a kneading apparatus.

Therefore, recently, a technique for solving the above-described problems has been proposed by defining the dispersion diameter of the wax in the toner and the toner kneading device.
Nonmagnetic one-component toner having an average number density of wax particles on the toner surface of 1 to 6 per 100 μm ² (see Patent Document 1: 2006-071667), containing two types of wax, and having a standard deviation of 0 4 or more and less than 2.0, the top peak is in the range of 1.0 to 1.5 μm, and the number ratio of the wax particles of 1.0 μm or more and less than 1.5 μm is 20% or more and less than 40%, 2 A toner composition in which the number ratio of wax particles of 5 μm or more is less than 20% (see Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-126268) is known. However, in the technique of Patent Document 1 and the technique of Patent Document 2, since the surface exposure amount of the wax in the toner is small or the dispersion diameter of the wax is extremely small, satisfactory oil separation performance is obtained when oilless fixing is assumed. Can't get. Further, since the technique of Patent Document 2 contains two types of wax, the wax dispersion diameter in the toner tends to be broad, and it is difficult to control it to a sharp wax dispersion diameter. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve fixing separation performance unless the wax is filled at a considerably high level, and at that time, it is extremely difficult to achieve both prevention of blade sticking unique to one-component development. Even in the technique of Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent No. 3677490), since the wax dispersion diameter in the toner is too small, a satisfactory fixing / separating performance cannot be obtained if the amount of wax added to the toner is small. Therefore, the above technique cannot achieve a one-component development system in an oilless fixing system.

JP 2006-071667 A JP 2004-126268 A Japanese Patent No. 3677490

  In view of the above-described problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a nonmagnetic one-component developing toner that is advantageous for suppressing fixing separation and blade sticking, a method for producing the nonmagnetic one-component developing toner, and the nonmagnetic one-component developing. Developer containing toner, non-magnetic one-component developing toner or oil-less fixing method for fixing a toner image formed using the developer, and non-magnetic one-component developing toner or image using the developer An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method to be formed.

The above problems are solved by the present invention described below.
(1) “A method for producing a toner comprising a step of melt-kneading a toner material with a kneader and a rolling cooling step, wherein the kneader comprises an independent dispersion part (A) and the dispersion part. (A) It has two independent conveyance parts, the 1st conveyance part (B1) and the 2nd conveyance part (B2) which pinch | interpose, and the actual temperature (C) of this 1st conveyance part (B1) is 10 <C <. 25, the average actual temperature (D) of heater heating temperature of the independent dispersion part (A) (hereinafter also referred to as average heater actual temperature) is 15 <D <40 (° C.), and the independent dispersion part (A) The relationship between the average heater actual temperature and the average heater actual temperature of the second conveying section (B2) (E) is 60 <E <100 (° C.). The toner rolled product has a wax dispersed in the form of particles, and the thickness (X) (mm) of the toner is 2.5 <X <3.2. The average dispersed particle size (Y1) (μm) of the small particle size group of the wax is 0.6 <Y1 <1.0, and the average dispersed particle size (Z1) (μm) of the large particle size group of the wax is 2 0.0 <Z1 <3.5, and the average dispersed particle size (Y2) (μm) of the small wax particle size group in the toner when the toner is made into a toner is 0.2 <Y2 <0. .6, wherein the average dispersed particle size (Z2) (μm) of the wax large particle size group is 1.0 <Z2 <2.5 ”,
(2) “In the first conveying section (B1), while the toner material is conveyed, a dry blend product formed by blending at least a resin and a hybrid resin synthesized with wax and a colorant is formed, and the dispersing section (A) wherein the dry blend product is melt-kneaded to form a melt-kneaded product, and the melt-kneaded product is transported and extruded by the second transport unit (B2). Manufacturing method of toner for non-magnetic one-component development according to item ",
(3) “The first conveying part (B1) is a cylindrical conveying screw, and the dispersing part (A) is a die that extends the toner material onto the thin film with a gap between the external grindstone and the internal grindstone. Non-magnetic one-component according to item (1) or (2), wherein the second conveying unit (B2) is a cylindrical conveying screw. Manufacturing method of developing toner ",
(4) "The method for producing a nonmagnetic one-component developing toner according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the wax contains paraffin wax",
(5) “The binder resin contains a resin synthesized in the presence of the wax, and the binder resin is a hybrid resin composed of at least a condensation polymerization resin and a vinyl resin. The method for producing a non-magnetic one-component developing toner according to any one of items (1) to (4) ",
(6) The toner according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the softening point of the wax is 70 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower. Production method",
(7) “The ratio of the weight of the wax to the total weight of the binder resin and the wax is 3.0% or more and 3.5% or less,” (1) to (6), Or a method for producing a non-magnetic one-component developing toner according to any one of items 1 to 3,
(8) The nonmagnetic property according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the softening point of the nonmagnetic one-component developing toner is 121 ° C. or higher and 135 ° C. or lower. Manufacturing method of toner for one-component development ",
(9) “The nonmagnetic one-component developing toner manufactured by the method for manufacturing a nonmagnetic one-component developing toner according to any one of (1) to (8)” is used. Image forming method ",
(10) “A developer carrying member arranged opposite to the image carrier and carrying the developer to develop the latent image formed on the image carrier, and placed in contact with the developer carrier. The supply member for supplying the developer to the developer carrying member, and between the facing position of the supply member in the moving direction of the developer carrying member and the facing position of the image carrier, A developing device comprising a layer thickness regulating member disposed opposite to the developer carrying member and carrying the developer supplied by the supply member on the developer carrying member in a thin layer; a toner on the upper side of the developing device; A toner having a vertical structure having a replenishing mechanism and used in the vertical developing device is manufactured by the method for manufacturing a non-magnetic one-component developing toner described in any one of (1) to (9). Non-magnetic one-component developer A chromatography, developing and wherein the portion of said developer carrying member and said regulating member are in contact is the abdomen support state with respect to the developer carrying member ",
(11) “A process cartridge comprising at least the developing device according to item (10) and being detachable from the image forming apparatus”;
(12) The above (9) characterized in that the fixing device is a two-roll fixing system constituted by a heating roller and a pressure roller, and further, the fixing device is an oil-less fixing that does not require oil application to a fixing member. An image forming apparatus using the image forming method according to the item.

  According to the present invention, an excellent nonmagnetic one-component developing toner without fixing film separation and free wax caused by fixing film to the developing blade, a method for producing the nonmagnetic one-component developing toner, A developer containing the toner for non-magnetic one-component development, an oil-less fixing method for fixing the toner image formed using the non-magnetic one-component developer or the developer, and the toner for non-magnetic one-component development or the development An image forming method for forming an image using an agent can be provided.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The method for producing a non-magnetic one-component developing toner of the present invention contains at least a binder resin, a wax, and a colorant, and in particular, the wax is finely dispersed in a specific particle size in advance in the binder resin. preferable. Here, the toner for non-magnetic one-component development of the present invention is a heater heating type in which a toner material such as a binder resin, a wax, a colorant, etc. is sandwiched between two independent conveying portions. It is used in a concept including not only the toner obtained by melt-kneading with a kneader and cooling, pulverizing and classifying the kneaded product, but also the kneaded product after cooling. That is, the particle size distribution of the wax is required to be controlled within a certain range not only in the toner but also in the kneaded product after cooling.

  In the method for producing a nonmagnetic one-component developing toner of the present invention, it is preferable that the wax surface dispersion state in the toner has a specific dispersion state. Although this specific dispersion state is shifted slightly larger than the general wax dispersion particle size in conventional toners, it has a relatively sharp particle size distribution, so that wax is added to the toner. As a result, while maintaining good fixing separation performance even in oilless fixing, photoreceptor filming and developing blade sticking due to free wax components occur even in one-component development systems An excellent nonmagnetic one-component developing toner can be obtained.

  In the method for producing toner for non-magnetic one-component development of the present invention, the step of melting and kneading a toner material with a heater-heated kneader in which one independent dispersion part is sandwiched between two independent conveyance parts and rolling Including a cooling step, the kneader has a dispersion section (A), a first transport section (B1), and a second transport section (B2), and the actual temperature (C) of the first transport section (B1) is 10 <C <25, the average actual temperature (D) of the heater heating temperature of the independent dispersion part (A) (hereinafter referred to as average heater actual temperature) is 15 <D <40, and the independent dispersion part (A) Rolling after kneading when the difference (E) between the average heater actual temperature and the average heater actual temperature of the second conveying section (B2) is 60 <E <100 (° C.), and further when rolling cooling after kneading. The thickness (X) (mm) of the rolled toner product when cooled is 2.5 <X <3.2. The wax in the product is dispersed in the form of particles, and the average dispersion particle size (Y1) (μm) of the small particle size group of the wax is 0.6 <Y1 <1.0, and further the average dispersion of the large particle size group of the wax The particle diameter (Z1) (μm) is 2.0 <Z1 <3.5, and the average dispersed particle diameter (Y2) (μm) of the wax small particle diameter group in the toner when the toner is made into a toner is the dispersion diameter. 0.2 <Y2 <0.6, and the average dispersed particle size (Z2) (μm) of the large particle size group of wax is 1.0 <Z2 <2.5. This is a method for producing a component developing toner.

  When the (D) is less than 15, the average dispersion diameter (Y1) of the small-diameter wax component in the rolled product becomes smaller than 0.6 μm, and the average dispersion diameter (Y2) of the small-diameter wax component when converted into a toner. ) Also becomes smaller than 0.2 μm, and it is difficult to obtain a sufficient fixing releasability effect during fixing heating. On the other hand, if (D) exceeds 40, the average dispersion diameter (Y1) of the small-diameter wax component in the rolled product tends to be larger than 1.0 μm. Similarly, (Y2) exceeds 0.6 μm, and sticking to the developing blade due to free wax tends to occur. This is because the wax contained in the resin is in a semi-molten state when the temperature at the time of kneading is low, and is most susceptible to shearing stress. It seems that the material dispersion will be promoted by being asked well.

  Next, the temperature difference (E) is preferably 60 to 100 (° C.), and more preferably 70 to 90 (° C.). When the temperature difference (E) is less than 60, back pressure is likely to occur near the outlet of the kneader and reaggregation of the wax tends to occur. On the other hand, if the temperature difference (E) exceeds 100, the sample temperature near the outlet of the kneader rises, and rolling failure due to insufficient cooling in the subsequent rolling process tends to occur. Further, if the thickness (X) of the rolled toner product is less than 2.5 mm, it is affected by the rolling mill after kneading and discharging, and the dispersion diameter of the large particle size component is increased due to reaggregation of the wax dispersion particles during rolling. As a result, the average dispersion diameter (Z1) of the large-diameter wax component in the rolled product exceeds 3.5 μm, and the average dispersion diameter (Z2) of the large-diameter wax component when converted into a toner also exceeds 2.5 μ, These large-diameter wax components dispersed in the toner are liable to induce sticking to the developing blade. Conversely, if it exceeds 3.2 mm, a sufficient cooling effect in the rolling mill cannot be obtained, and as a rolled product with insufficient cooling, pulverization failure is likely to occur in the coarse pulverization step in the next step.

  As described above, according to the present invention, by defining the particle diameter of the wax as described above, it is possible to achieve excellent fixing separation property even in an oilless fixing system in which oil is not applied during fixing. In addition, by regulating the thickness of the rolled toner product in the rolling step after kneading and cooling, reaggregation of the dispersion diameter of the wax added to the toner can be suppressed, and the wax dispersion ratio of the large diameter component can be suppressed. . Accordingly, exposure or protrusion of the wax on the toner surface can be suppressed. Due to the suppression effect of the large-diameter wax component, the wax particles can be detached from the toner when the toner is agitated, and the occurrence of sticking to the blade can be suppressed. According to the present invention, there is no need to increase the amount of the wax more than necessary to maintain the fixing separation function, and the contamination of the wax on the surface of the member such as the photosensitive member, the intermediate transfer member, and the developing sleeve is suppressed, The durable life of the member can be extended, and an image with excellent image quality can be provided over a long period of time.

[Large diameter wax dispersion diameter measurement method]
In the present invention, only the long axis dispersed particle diameter of the spindle-shaped particles was used as the dispersed diameter of the large-diameter wax. Specifically, the toner was embedded in an epoxy resin, cut into an ultrathin section of about 100 μm, and stained with ruthenium tetroxide, and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at a magnification of 8,000 times. For the 25% by number group (about 25%) of the total number of spindle-shaped particles in the field of view obtained by photographing, the long-axis dispersed particle diameter of these spindle-shaped particles was defined as the large wax dispersed diameter.
Note that spindle-like particles having a long-axis dispersed particle diameter of 5.0 μm or more are easily removed from the toner particles during the manufacturing process, and are therefore excluded from the target count.

[Small diameter wax dispersion diameter measurement method]
As the dispersed diameter of the small-diameter wax, the dispersed particle diameter of spherical particles that were not rolled into a spindle shape was used. The details are based on the large-diameter wax dispersion diameter measurement method, and the dispersion particle diameter of these spherical particles is reduced to a small-diameter wax for a group of 25% by number (about 25%) with respect to the total number of spherical particle diameters in the field of view. The dispersion diameter was used. In addition, when less than 0.1 micrometer, it was judged that the influence as a mold release agent was small, and it deleted from the count number of object.

The method for producing a non-magnetic one-component developing toner according to the present invention usually includes a hybrid resin in which a wax is finely dispersed in advance, a colorant and the like, and one dispersed part sandwiched between two independent transport parts. It is obtained by melt-kneading with a heating kneader and cooling, pulverizing and classifying the kneaded product, but the dispersed particle diameter of the wax can be controlled by appropriately selecting various conditions of the kneader and kneader. . As the kneader, it is preferable to use a mortar-type kneader (such as a cork mill) that introduces a workpiece between an external grindstone and an internal grindstone and adds a rotational shearing force to perform kneading. This mortar-type kneader can control the rotational shearing force applied to the melt-kneaded product during the kneading by adjusting the gap (gap) between the external grindstone and the internal grindstone.
In the present invention, most of this mortar-type kneader is used to melt and knead the hybrid resin in which the wax is finely dispersed in advance and the colorant at their melting temperature, and the resulting melt-kneaded product is extruded and extruded. I'm getting things.

  When obtaining a melt-kneaded product (blend) using the above-mentioned mortar-type kneader, the size of the wax dispersion phase in the toner is delicately controlled by adjusting the gap between the external and internal grinding wheels of the mortar-type kneader. Is possible. The gap between the external grindstone and the internal grindstone is generally 0.05 to 5 mm, preferably 0.1 to 2 mm. Usually, an arbitrary value between 0.1 mm and 3 mm can be set at an interval of 0.01 mm, and the gap may be set arbitrarily in accordance with a set temperature and other conditions.

  FIG. 1 shows an outline of the mortar-type kneader (side surface). The sample is introduced from the supply feeder (11), passes through a conveying screw (16A) that is an example of a constituent member of the first conveying unit (B1), and an external grindstone (12) that is an example of a constituent member of the dispersing portion (A). After being kneaded in the thin film gap with the internal grindstone (13) and again passing through the feeding section (16B), a conveying screw (16C) that is in the cylinder (15) and is an example of a component of the second conveying section (B2). Then, it discharges | emits from a discharge port (14), and is rolling-cooled by a press roller (17) after that. As kneading conditions, the thin film gap between the external grindstone (12) and the internal grindstone (13) and the internal temperature of each grindstone constituent part may be appropriately selected. In the case of a mortar-type kneader, a combination of the external grindstone (12) and the internal grindstone (13) is generally used as a dispersing portion. Therefore, the entire screw configuration other than the external grindstone (12) and the internal grindstone (13) is the conveying section. In FIG. 1, the conveying screw (16A) and the conveying screw (16C) are the two conveying screws that define the conveying portions (B1) and (B2) in the present invention and sandwich the dispersing portion (A). The same applies to the case of the biaxial kneader, in which the conveying screw is defined as the conveying portion, and the combination of the disk types other than the screw shape is defined as the dispersing portion (A).

Generally, when the thin film gap between the external grindstone (12) and the internal grindstone (13) is narrowed, the particle diameter of the wax becomes small. Conversely, if the thin film gap between the external grindstone (12) and the internal grindstone (13) is widened, the particle size of the wax becomes conversely large.
Both the internal grindstone and the external grindstone are disks, and the external grindstone (12) has a donut-shaped disk shape. Furthermore, the cylinder (15) is not provided on the outside of the combined portion of the internal grindstone (13) and the external grindstone (12). Only the heater cover (15H) is directly attached.
In order to achieve the particle size distribution of the wax in the present invention, the thin film gap between the outer grindstone (12) and the inner grindstone (13) is more preferably 0.75 mm to 1.25 mm.

The average heater actual temperature in the present invention is a value obtained by connecting the wires for each heater band and averaging the heater actual temperatures during operation. Specifically, an average value was calculated by accumulating 1000 temperature values once every second during operation.
The average heater actual temperature of the first transport unit (B1) and the dispersion unit (A) is preferably equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature of the binder resin, and the average heater actual temperature of the second transport unit (B2) is that of the binder resin. A temperature lower by 10 to 20 ° C. than the softening point is particularly preferable in consideration of dispersion of waxes and pigments. The internal temperature of the dispersion part (A) is preferably 30 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 30 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower. As the softening point, when using a binder resin in which two or more kinds of resins are mixed, the softening point of the mixed resin is used, and when using a binder resin to which a wax is added, the wax is included. The softening point of the binder resin is used.

  In general, the number of rotations of the screw is usually 50 rpm or more and 100 rpm or less, and 60 rpm or more and 90 rpm or less is preferable because an appropriate torque is applied.

The thickness of the rolled toner product in the present invention was calculated as follows. The discharged material discharged from the kneader is instantaneously rolled into a plate shape by two cooling rolls and proceeds to the next crushing process. By sampling immediately before proceeding to the crushing process and measuring with calipers, The actually measured value was taken as the thickness of the rolled toner. In addition, from the viewpoint of improving reliability, an average value of 10 actually measured values obtained by sampling 10 points and performing caliper measurement was used as a final measured value.

  In the present invention, the wax added to the toner is preferably one kind from the viewpoint of the dispersibility of the wax in the binder resin. This makes it easier to control the particle size of the wax in the toner.

  In the present invention, the melting point of the wax is preferably 70 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower. When the melting point is lower than 70 ° C., the heat resistance is lowered, and when it is higher than 80 ° C., the gloss and the low-temperature fixability are lowered. In addition, melting | fusing point of a wax is calculated | required from the peak temperature in a DSC curve. In the present invention, the melting point is measured using a differential scanning calorimeter DSC-200 (manufactured by Seiko Electronics Co., Ltd.), but it is not particularly limited as long as it is a device that can obtain a DSC curve.

  In the present invention, the ratio of the weight of the wax to the total weight of the binder resin and the wax is preferably 3.0% or more and 3.5% or less. When this ratio is less than 3.0%, fixing separation property in oilless fixing is lowered, and when it is more than 3.5%, blade sticking due to free wax is caused.

  In the present invention, two or more kinds of waxes may be used. In that case, the sum of the weights of wax should just be in said range. The particle size distribution and the softening point may be achieved by the mixture of waxes used.

  The wax used in the present invention may be added when a binder resin, a colorant, or the like is mixed, but it is more preferable to add it during the synthesis of the binder resin. Thereby, since the wax is preliminarily dispersed in the resin, localization of the wax at the time of kneading can be avoided, and the wax dispersion can be stabilized.

  The binder resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a binder resin known in the field of electrostatic latent image developing toner can be used. Specifically, polycondensation resins such as polyester resins, (meth) acrylic resins, vinyl resins such as styrene- (meth) acrylic copolymers, epoxy resins, TOPAS-COC (manufactured by Ticona) Cyclic olefin resin (COC) and the like. In the oilless fixing system, a hybrid resin composed of a condensation polymerization resin and a vinyl resin is preferably used.

In the present invention, as the condensation polymerization resin, a polyester resin obtained by polycondensation of a polyhydric alcohol and a polyvalent carboxylic acid can be used.
Among the polyhydric alcohols, as the dihydric alcohol, polyoxypropylene (2,2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (3,3) -2,2-bis (4 -Hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, bisphenol such as polyoxyethylene (2,0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane A alkylene oxide adduct, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5 -Pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cycl Hexane dimethanol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A, and the like.

  Examples of trihydric or higher alcohols include sorbitol, 1,2,3,6-hexanetetrol, 1,4-sorbitan, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1, 2,5-pentanetriol, glycerol, 2-methylpropanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,3,5-trihydroxymethylbenzene and the like can be mentioned. .

  Among the polyvalent carboxylic acids, the divalent carboxylic acids include maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, and adipic acid. , Sebacic acid, azelaic acid, malonic acid, n-dodecenyl succinic acid, isododecenyl succinic acid, n-dodecyl succinic acid, isododecyl succinic acid, n-octenyl succinic acid, isooctenyl succinic acid, n-octyl succinic acid, isooctyl Succinic acid, anhydrides of these acids, lower alkyl esters, etc.

  Examples of trivalent or higher carboxylic acids include 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimellitic acid), 1,2,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 2,5,7-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4- Naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-hexanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3-dicarboxyl-2-methyl-2-methylenecarboxypropane, 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid , Tetra (methylenecarboxyl) methane, 1,2,7,8-octanetetracarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, anhydrides of these acids, lower alkyl esters, and the like.

  Further, in the present invention, a condensation polymerization resin raw material monomer, a vinyl resin raw material monomer, and a monomer that reacts with both resin raw material monomers are mixed in the same container to obtain a condensation polymerization resin. A hybrid resin comprising a condensation polymerization resin and a vinyl resin obtained by performing a polymerization reaction and a radical polymerization reaction for obtaining a vinyl resin in parallel can also be suitably used. In addition, the monomer which reacts with the raw material monomer of both resin is a monomer which can undergo a condensation polymerization reaction and a radical polymerization reaction. Examples of the monomer having a carboxyl group capable of condensation polymerization and a vinyl group capable of radical polymerization include fumaric acid, maleic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and the like.

Examples of the raw material monomer for the polycondensation resin include the polyhydric alcohols and polycarboxylic acids described above.
Examples of the raw material monomer for the vinyl resin include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, styrene derivatives such as p-chlorostyrene; ethylenically unsaturated monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and isobutylene; methyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, T-butyl methacrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate, isopentyl methacrylate, neopentyl methacrylate, 3-methylbutyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, methacrylate Methacrylic acid alkyl esters such as acid undecyl and dodecyl methacrylate; methyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, Acrylic acid alkyl esters such as isopentyl acrylate, neopentyl acrylate, 3-methylbutyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid , Unsaturated carboxylic acids such as itaconic acid and maleic acid; acrylonitrile, maleic acid ester, itaconic acid ester, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate, methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, hexyl And ruvinyl ketone, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and isobutyl vinyl ether.

  As radical polymerization initiators used for synthesizing vinyl resins, 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 1,1′-azobis (Cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), azo or diazo polymerization initiators such as 2,2′-azobis-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, isopropyl peroxy Examples thereof include peroxide-based polymerization initiators such as carbonate, lauroyl peroxide, and dicumyl peroxide.

  In the present invention, the acid value of the binder resin is usually 5 KOH mg / g or more and 50 KOH mg / g or less, and preferably 10 KOH mg / g or more and 40 KOH mg / g or less. In particular, when a polyester-based resin is used, by using a resin having such an acid value, the dispersibility of a colorant such as carbon black can be improved and a toner having a sufficient charge amount can be obtained.

In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use three types of resins in order to further improve the fixing separation property and the offset resistance in the oilless fixing system. As the resin A, the resin B, and the resin C, various polyester resins as described above are preferably used. Among them, from the viewpoint of further improving the separability and the offset resistance as an oilless fixing toner, the following are shown. It is more preferable to use Resin A, Resin B, and Resin C.
More preferable resin C is a polyester resin obtained by polycondensation of the above-described polyhydric alcohol component and polycarboxylic acid component, and in particular, a bisphenol A alkylene oxide adduct is used as the polyhydric alcohol component. As a polyester resin obtained using terephthalic acid and fumaric acid.

  More preferable resins A and B are vinyl polyester resins, particularly bisphenol A alkylene oxide adduct, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid and succinic acid are used as raw material monomers for polyester resins, and styrene and butyl are used as raw material monomers for vinyl resins. It is a vinyl polyester resin obtained by using acrylate and using fumaric acid as a bireactive monomer.

  In the present invention, as described above, the hydrocarbon wax is internally added during the synthesis of the resin A and the resin B. In order to add the hydrocarbon wax to the resin A and the resin B in advance, when the resin A and the resin B are synthesized, the hydrocarbon wax is added to the monomer for synthesizing the resin A and the resin B. Then, the resin A and the resin B may be synthesized. For example, the polycondensation reaction may be performed in a state where a hydrocarbon wax is added to the acid monomer and alcohol monomer constituting the polyester resin as the resin A and the resin B. When the resin A and the resin B are vinyl polyester resins, with the hydrocarbon wax added to the polyester resin raw material monomer, the vinyl resin raw material monomer is added dropwise to the monomer while stirring and heating the monomer. Then, a polycondensation reaction and a radical polymerization reaction may be performed.

  The weight ratio of each of the resins A, B, and C is preferably 10 to 25% for the resin A, 30 to 50% for the resin B, and 35 to 50% for the resin C. By combining the weight ratios in these ranges, the viscosity of the toner is controlled to ensure color reproducibility as a color toner, while maintaining the toughness peculiar to polyester, suppressing sticking to the developing blade, Fixation separation performance can be maintained. Specifically, the performance partially overlaps, but if the resin A is less than 10%, it is difficult to suppress the fixing to the developing blade, and if it exceeds 25%, the color reproducibility is greatly reduced, and the resin B is less than 30%. Fixing separability decreases. If it exceeds 50%, it is difficult to suppress fixing to the developing blade. If the resin C is less than 35%, the color reproducibility is greatly deteriorated. If it exceeds 50%, the toughness peculiar to polyester is weakened. The occurrence of sticking to the blade cannot be suppressed.

  Further, the softening point of the resin A containing the wax is 135 to 145 ° C., the softening point of the resin B containing the wax is 130 to 140 ° C., and the softening point of the resin C not containing the wax is 105 to 115 ° C. Preferably there is. Specifically, this also partially overlaps the performance, but if the softening point of the resin A is less than 135 ° C, it is difficult to suppress the fixing to the developing blade, and if it exceeds 145 ° C, the color reproducibility is greatly reduced. When the softening point is less than 130 ° C., the fixing separability is lowered. When the softening point is higher than 140 ° C., the color reproducibility is lowered. Adjustment of color reproducibility becomes difficult.

Generally, the lower the polarity of the wax, the better the releasability from the fixing member roller.
The wax used in the present invention is a hydrocarbon wax having a low polarity.
<Hydrocarbon wax>
The hydrocarbon wax is a wax composed of only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms, and does not contain an ester group, an alcohol group, an amide group, or the like. Specific hydrocarbon waxes include polyolefin waxes such as polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, petroleum waxes such as paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax, and synthetic waxes such as Fischer-Tropsch wax. . Among these, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, and Fischer-Tropsch wax are preferable in the present invention, and preferable wax used for the nonmagnetic one-component developing toner of the present invention includes paraffin wax.
Paraffin wax has a lower viscosity than other waxes and has a very strong property of allowing the wax to ooze out from the toner surface. As a result, the amount of wax can be suppressed to the minimum necessary.

  In the present invention, as the colorant, known pigments and dyes conventionally used as colorants for toners for developing electrostatic latent images can be used. Specifically, carbon black, aniline blue, calcoil blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, DuPont oil red, quinoline yellow, methylene blue chloride, copper phthalocyanine, malachite green oxalate, lamp black, rose bengal, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 122, C.I. I. Pigment red 57: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 184, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 97, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 12, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 17, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 162, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 180, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 185, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 1, C.I. I. And CI Pigment Blue 15: 3. The ratio of the weight of the colorant to the weight of the binder resin (including the weight of the wax when a wax is added to the binder resin) is preferably 2% or more and 10% or less.

  From the viewpoint of dispersibility in the toner, the colorant is preferably used in the form of a masterbatch obtained by melt-kneading with a binder resin, cooling and grinding. When using a colorant in the form of a masterbatch, the addition amount of the masterbatch may be such that the weight of the colorant is within the above range.

The toner for nonmagnetic one-component development of the present invention may contain an additive such as a charge control agent.
As the charge control agent, a known charge control agent that has been conventionally added to control the chargeability in the field of electrostatic latent image developing toner can be used. Specifically, fluorine-containing surfactants, metal-containing dyes such as salicylic acid metal complexes and azo metal compounds, polymer acids such as copolymers containing maleic acid as a monomer component, calixarene compounds, and organic boron Compounds and the like.

As the external additive for assisting the fluidity, developability and chargeability of the toner obtained in the present invention, inorganic fine particles can be preferably used. The primary particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 2 nm to 2 μm, and particularly preferably 5 nm to 500 mμ. Moreover, it is preferable that the specific surface area by BET method is 20-500 m < ² > / g. The proportion of the inorganic fine particles used is preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight of the toner, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 2.0% by weight. Specific examples of the inorganic fine particles include, for example, silica, alumina, titanium oxide, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, zinc oxide, tin oxide, quartz sand, clay, mica, wollastonite, diatomaceous earth. Examples include soil, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, pengala, antimony trioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride.

  The toner for non-magnetic one-component development of the present invention is melted by a heater-heated kneader in which one independent dispersion part is sandwiched between two independent conveyance parts with a binder resin, wax, a colorant, and a desired additive. After kneading and cooling, it can be obtained by pulverization and classification. At this time, as presented in the present invention, the particle size distribution of the wax of the nonmagnetic one-component developing toner can be achieved by appropriately selecting a specific kneader and kneading conditions. The wax may be mixed at the same time as the toner material such as a binder resin or a colorant, or may be added during the synthesis of the binder resin, but the latter is more preferable from the viewpoint of sharpening the wax dispersion particle size distribution.

The nonmagnetic one-component developing toner of the present invention preferably has a softening point of 121 ° C. or higher and 135 ° C. or lower. When the softening point is lower than 121 ° C., the fixing separation performance is lowered and the rate of occurrence of fixation on the developing blade is increased. When the softening point is higher than 135 ° C., the image glossiness is lowered.
Further, the volume average particle diameter of the nonmagnetic one-component developing toner is usually from 6 μm to 10 μm, and preferably from 7 μm to 9 μm.

  The developer of the present invention contains the non-magnetic one-component developing toner of the present invention. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an excellent developer free from photoconductor filming and developing blade fixing due to wax even in the fixing separation property and the one-component developing system.

  When fixing a toner image obtained from the nonmagnetic one-component developing toner or developer of the present invention, a pressure contact portion (or pressure heating) between a heating member and a pressure member disposed in pressure contact with the heating member. It is preferable to employ an oil-less fixing method that does not require fixing oil and allows a recording sheet such as a paper carrying a toner image to pass through a pressure contact portion). Furthermore, the surface of the heating member is preferably formed of a fluorine-based resin such as tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride.

  As an oilless fixing device employing such a fixing method, a fixing device schematically shown in FIG. 2 can be preferably used. The fixing device of FIG. 2 uses a heating roller (22) as a heating member and a pressure roller (21) as a pressure member. Specifically, a heating roller (22), a pressure roller (21) pressed against the heating roller (22), and a separation plate (23) for separating the fixed sheet from the heating roller (22) are provided. The heating roller (22) normally has an elastic layer (25) and a surface layer (26) on an aluminum core (24), and a heater (27) inside the aluminum core (24). . The pressure roller (21) usually has an elastic layer (29) and a surface layer (30) on an aluminum core (28). The material of the elastic layers (25) and (29) is not particularly limited, but is preferably silicone rubber. The material of the surface layers (26) and (30) is not particularly limited, but is preferably a fluororesin and particularly preferably PFA.

In FIG. 2, a nip (31) is formed at the pressure contact portion between the heating roller (22) and the pressure roller (21), and the nip configuration of the pressure contact portion is convex upward in the figure. It is preferable from the viewpoint of making the separation property advantageous. Thereby, when fixing a full-color image, the phenomenon that the recording sheet (32) is wound around the heating roller (22) can be suppressed. Fixing is performed by passing the recording sheet (32) carrying the toner image (33) through the press contact portion from right to left in the figure.
The image forming method of the present invention forms an image using the nonmagnetic toner or developer of the present invention. For this reason, an image with good fixing separation can be obtained.

<Developer configuration>
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the developing device and the process cartridge unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The developing device includes a toner storage chamber (101) for storing toner and a toner supply chamber (102) provided below the toner storage chamber (101). A roller (103), a layer regulating member (104) provided in contact with the developing roller (103), and a supply roller (105) are provided. The developing roller (103) is disposed in contact with the photosensitive drum (2), and a predetermined developing bias is applied from a high voltage power source (not shown). A toner stirring member (106) is provided in the toner storage chamber (101), and rotates in a counterclockwise direction. In the axial direction, the toner agitating member (106) has a large area on the toner conveying surface by rotational drive at a portion where the tip portion does not pass through the vicinity of the opening (on the left and right end portions in the axial direction). The obtained toner is sufficiently fluidized and stirred. Further, the portion where the tip portion passes through the vicinity of the opening (the central region in the axial direction) has a shape in which the area of the toner conveying surface by rotational driving is reduced, and an excessive amount of toner is removed from the opening ( 107). The toner in the vicinity of the opening (107) is moderately loosened by the toner stirring member (106), passes through the opening (107) by its own weight, and drops and moves to the toner supply chamber (102). The surface of the supply roller (105) is covered with a foam material having a structure having pores (cells), and the toner conveyed into the toner supply chamber (102) is efficiently attached and taken in and developed. Toner deterioration due to pressure concentration at the contact portion with the roller (103) is prevented. The foamed material is set to an electric resistance value of 3 to 14 Ω.

  A supply bias having a value offset in the same direction as the toner charging polarity with respect to the developing bias is applied to the supply roller (105). The supply bias acts in a direction in which the toner preliminarily charged at the contact portion with the developing roller (103) is pressed against the developing roller (103). However, the offset direction is not limited to this, and the offset may be changed to 0 or the offset direction may be changed depending on the type of toner. The supply roller (105) rotates counterclockwise to apply and supply the toner adhered to the surface to the surface of the developing roller (103). A roller coated with an elastic rubber layer is used as the developing roller (103), and a surface coat layer made of a material that is easily charged to a polarity opposite to that of the toner is provided on the surface. The elastic rubber layer is set to a hardness of 50 degrees or less in accordance with JIS-A in order to keep the contact state with the photosensitive drum (2) uniform, and further, an electric power of 3 to 10 Ω in order to apply a developing bias. Set to resistance value. The surface roughness Ra is set to 0.2 to 2.0 μm, and a necessary amount of toner is held on the surface. The developing roller (103) rotates counterclockwise and conveys the toner held on the surface to a position facing the layer regulating member (104) and the photosensitive drum (2). The layer regulating member (104) is made of a metal leaf spring material such as SUS304CSP, SUS301CSP, or phosphor bronze, and the free end is brought into contact with the pressing force of the developing roller (103) surface 210 to 100 N / m. The toner that has passed under the pressing force is thinned and an electric charge is applied by triboelectric charging. Further, the layer regulating member (104) is applied with a regulating bias having a value offset in the same direction as the toner charging polarity with respect to the developing bias in order to assist frictional charging. The photosensitive drum (2) rotates in the clockwise direction, and therefore, the surface of the developing roller (103) moves in the same direction as the traveling direction of the photosensitive drum (2) at a position facing the photosensitive drum (2). To do. The thinned toner is conveyed to a position opposed to the photosensitive drum (2) by the rotation of the developing roller (103), and the developing bias applied to the developing roller (103) and the photosensitive drum (2). In accordance with the latent image electric field formed by the electrostatic latent image, it moves to the surface of the photosensitive drum (2) and is developed. A seal (108) is attached to the developing roller (103) at a portion where the toner remaining on the developing roller (103) without being developed on the photosensitive drum (2) returns to the toner supply chamber (102) again. The toner is sealed so as not to leak to the outside of the developing device.

  Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In the examples, all parts represent parts by weight.

Table 1 shows styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA), ethyl hexyl acrylate (EhA) as a monomer of vinyl resin, and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a polymerization initiator. Into the dropping funnel. Next, a bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct (BPA-EO) was added as an alcohol component of a polyester resin monomer to a glass four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a stainless steel stirring bar, a flow-down condenser, and a nitrogen introduction tube. ) And bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct (BPA-PO), as the acid component, acrylic acid (AA), succinic acid derivative (DSA), fumaric acid (FA), trimellitic acid (TMA) and terephthalic acid (TPA), As an esterification catalyst, dibutyl peroxide (DBO) was charged in a composition corresponding to the base resin (resin A) (see Table 1), and after adding wax in the addition amount shown in Table 2, the mantle was added in a nitrogen atmosphere. While heating and stirring in a heater, a vinyl resin monomer and a polymerization initiator were added dropwise. Thereafter, the temperature was kept constant and the addition polymerization reaction was aged, and then the temperature was raised again to carry out the condensation polymerization reaction. The progress of the reaction was followed by measuring the softening point. When the predetermined softening point was reached, the reaction was stopped and cooled to room temperature to obtain a composite polyester resin A1WI.
Similarly to the composite polyester resins AW and BW, a vinyl resin monomer and a polyester resin monomer having the composition shown in Table 1 are charged in a composition with respect to the base resin (resin A and resin B), and a wax is further represented. 2 were added to obtain composite polyester resins A1WII to A1WV, A2WI, A3WI, B1WI to B1WIV, and B3WI.

  In addition, 73 para, 78 natural, 67 para and 82 FT of the internally added wax in Table 2 are paraffin wax having a melting point of 73 ° C., Kaunauba wax having a melting point of 78 ° C., paraffin wax having a melting point of 67 ° C., and melting point of 82, respectively. Fischer-Tropsch wax at 0 ° C. means that the amount of wax added means the ratio of the weight of the wax to the total weight of monomers and wax used in the production of the resin.

<Creation of resin C>
(Production of polyester resin without internal addition of wax (C1 resin, C2 resin and C3 resin))
A glass four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a stainless steel stir bar, a falling condenser, and a nitrogen inlet tube was charged with the alcohol component and acid component in the amounts shown in Table 1 together with a polymerization initiator (dibutyltin oxide). . This was reacted in a mantle heater by heating with stirring and heating under a nitrogen stream. The progress of this reaction was followed by measuring the softening point. When the predetermined softening point was reached, the reaction was terminated and cooled to room temperature to obtain a polyester resin C1. Each polyester resin obtained was roughly crushed to 1 mm or less and used in the production of the following toner. In addition, the physical property of the polyester resin obtained here has a glass transition temperature (Tg) and a softening point (Tm) as shown in Table 2.

(Resin synthesis C2 to C3)
Other than adjusting the polymerization conditions in the process by using the alcohol component and acid component of the polyester resin monomer in the composition shown in Table 2 without using the vinyl resin monomer, polymerization initiator and wax. Resins C2 and C3 were produced in the same manner as described above.
Tables 1 and 2 show the softening point Tm and glass transition temperature Tg of the obtained resin.

  Tm was measured as follows. 1.0 g of a sample is weighed, using a flow tester CFT-500 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and a die having a diameter of 0.5 mm and a height of 1.0 mm, a heating rate of 3.0 ° C./min, and a preheating time of 3 minutes. The measurement was performed in the range of 40 ° C. to 140 ° C. under the condition of a load of 30 kg, and the temperature when the sample flowed out 1/2 was defined as Tm.

  Tg was measured as follows. Using a differential scanning calorimeter DSC-200 (manufactured by Seiko Electronics Co., Ltd.), 10 mg of a sample was accurately weighed, placed in an aluminum pan, heated from room temperature to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 30 ° C./min, and then cooled. Next, measurement was carried out at a rate of temperature increase of 10 ° C./min between 20 ° C. and 120 ° C., and the shoulder value of the main endothermic peak in the range of 30 ° C. to 90 ° C. in this temperature increase process was defined as Tg. In addition, the thing which put the alumina in the aluminum pan was used as a reference.

The obtained resin was roughly crushed to 1 mm or less and used in the production of the following toner.
In addition, C.I. I. Pigment Red 57-1 (Fuji Dye Co., Ltd.) 50 parts, 50 parts of binder resin used in Examples and Comparative Examples, and 30 parts of water mixed with a Henschel mixer, the surface temperature of the roll was set to 130 ° C. 2 It knead | mixed for 1 hour with this roll, and after cooling, it grind | pulverized to the particle | grains of diameter 1mm with a pulverizer, and used it as a masterbatch.

Example 1
As the binder resin, a resin in which resin AWI, resin BWI, and resin C were mixed at a weight ratio shown in the table as shown in Table 3 was used. 100 parts of binder resin (including wax weight) and C.I. I. A master batch containing 5.0 parts of Pigment Red 57-1 was mixed with a Henschel mixer, and then melt kneaded under the conditions shown in Table 3 using a mortar kneader as shown in FIG. The obtained kneaded material was rolled with a cooling press roller, stretched to a 2.85 mm thick sample, conveyed with a belt, and then roughly pulverized with a feather mill. Then, after pulverizing with a mechanical pulverizer (100 AFG: manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), the fine powder classification is performed using a rotor type classifier (Teplex type classifier type: 50 ATP: manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation). Micron toner particles 1 were obtained.
To 100 parts of the toner particles obtained, 1.0 part of hydrophobic silica R972 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and hexamethylene disilazane treated product (BET specific surface area of 65 m) of hydrophobic silica AEROSIL 90G (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) ^{2 /} g, pH 6.0, hydrophobization degree 65% or more) 1.0 part, and mixed using a Henschel mixer for 90 seconds at a peripheral speed of 40 m / second, and sieved with a sieve having an opening of 75 μm. A toner was obtained.

(Examples 2 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, Reference Example)
A toner is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type and mixing ratio of the resin constituting the binder resin, the type and addition rate of the wax are changed as shown in Table 3, and the kneading conditions are also changed as shown in Table 3. did.
For Example 6, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 4, and Reference Example, the kneading machine is not a mortar type kneader, but a conventional biaxial kneader, and a reference example, in addition to the material composition shown in Table 3. The toner was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 1 except that kneading was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 3 using an open roll kneader.

  The amount of wax described in Table 3 means the ratio of the weight of the wax to the total weight of the binder resin and the wax. The Awax amount and Bwax amount in the table are the amounts of wax in the resin internally added to the resin A and the resin B, respectively. The Tm of the toner was measured by the method described above.

(Evaluation and evaluation results)
The obtained toner (one-component developer) was evaluated for fixing separability, heat resistant storage stability, image glossiness, filming and fixing. A two-component developer prepared by mixing and stirring 5 parts of toner and 95 parts of a silicone resin coated carrier is placed in a modified machine from which the Ricoh ipsio CX7500 fixing machine is removed, and placed vertically on transfer paper (Ricoh type 6200Y). Adjustment was performed so that 1.0 ± 0.1 mg / cm ² of toner was developed with a solid image having a 3 mm front end margin, and 6 unfixed transfer sheets were output. The transfer paper used was evaluated using Ricoh type 6200Y paper.
<Fixing separation>
Only the fixing part of Ricoh ipsio CX2500 was taken out, and the fixing belt temperature and the belt linear velocity were modified to the desired values, and the belt linear velocity was set to 125 mm / sec. The transfer paper was fixed from the end margin of 3 mm at a temperature of 10 ° C. in the range of 140 ° C. to 190 ° C. The evaluation was made based on the following criteria without the transfer paper wound around the fixing belt or clogging like a bellows at the exit of the fixing machine.
○: The number of sheets successfully fixed is 5 or more.
Δ: 3 to 4 sheets successfully fixed.
X: The number of sheets successfully fixed is 2 or less.
“◯” and “△” were accepted.
<Glossiness>
Only the fixing part of Ricoh's ipsio CX2500 was taken out, and the fixing belt temperature and belt linear velocity were modified to the desired values, and the belt linear velocity was set to 125 mm / sec and the fixing belt temperature was set to 170 ° C. Then, the unfixed transfer paper output by the same method as the evaluation of the fixing strength was fixed. The glossiness of the image after fixing was measured at an incident angle of 60 ° with a gloss meter manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. As a full color image used in an office, moderate gloss is preferred, and about 5 to 15% is preferable.
A glossiness of 5 or more was judged as ◯, a glossiness of 3 or more and less than 5 was evaluated as Δ (no problem in practical use), and a glossiness of less than 3 was evaluated as x (problem in practical use).

<Adhering to regulation blade>
Using Ricoh's ipsio CX3000, a predetermined print pattern with a printing rate of 6% is printed on the developing roller of the developer after continuous copying (after endurance) of 2500 sheets in an H / H environment (27 ° C., 80%) The copied image was visually observed and evaluated. Judgment criteria are as follows.
The sleeve has no streak or unevenness, the sleeve has slight streak or unevenness, but there are no vertical streaks on the copied image, and there are no practical problems, and the sleeve has many streaks or unevenness Those which were generated and had problems in practical use such as abnormal noise, toner fixation, and toner spillage were evaluated as x.

<Filming>
Using a Ricoh ipsio CX3000, a predetermined print pattern with a printing rate of 6% was continuously printed in an N / N environment (27 ° C., 80%). After continuous printing of 2500 sheets in an N / N environment (after durability), the photoreceptor and the intermediate transfer belt were visually observed and evaluated. Judgment criteria are as follows.
The photoconductor and the intermediate transfer member have no filming and black spots (BS), and there is no problem at all. The photoconductor and the intermediate transfer member have filming and BS on one side. It was judged as Δ, which was not visible above and had no problem in practical use, and filming and BS occurred on the photoconductor and / or intermediate transfer member, which could be confirmed on the image, and those which had problems in practical use. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
From the evaluation results, it was found that the toners obtained in Examples 1 to 13 were very excellent in fixing performance to the developing blade as compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 7 and Reference Example.

It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the mortar type kneader of this invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the oil-less fixing apparatus which employ | adopted the fixing method of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a developing device and a process cartridge unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

(About Figure 1)
11 Feeder 12 External grindstone 13 Internal grindstone 14 Discharge port 15 Cylinder 15H Heater cover 16A Conveying screw 16B Feeding part 16C Conveying screw 17 Press roller (about FIG. 2)
21 Pressure roller 22 Heating roller 23 Separating plate 24 Aluminum cored bar 25 Elastic layer 26 Surface layer 27 Heater 28 Aluminum cored bar 29 Elastic layer 30 Surface layer 31 Nip 32 Recording sheet 33 Toner image (FIG. 3)
2 Photosensitive drum 5 Cleaning blade 7 Intermediate transfer belt 8 Cleaning roller 101 Toner storage chamber 102 Toner supply chamber 103 Developing roller 104 Layer regulating member 105 Supply roller 106 Toner stirring member 107 Opening 108 Sealing seal

Claims (12)

A toner manufacturing method comprising a step of melt-kneading a toner material with a kneader and a rolling cooling step, wherein the kneader comprises an independent dispersion part (A) and the dispersion part (A). It has two conveyance parts, an independent first conveyance part (B1) and a second conveyance part (B2), and the actual temperature (C) of the first conveyance part (B1) is 10 <C <25, The average actual temperature (D) of heater heating temperature of the independent dispersion part (A) (hereinafter also referred to as average heater actual temperature) is 15 <D <40 (° C.), and the average heater actual temperature of the independent dispersion part (A) The relationship of the difference (E) between the temperature and the average heater actual temperature of the second conveying section (B2) is 60 <E <100 (° C.), and the thickness (X ) (Mm) is 2.5 <X <3.2, and the rolled toner has a wax dispersed in a particle state. The average dispersed particle size (Y1) (μm) of the particle size group is 0.6 <Y1 <1.0, and the average dispersed particle size (Z1) (μm) of the large particle size group of the wax is 2.0 <. Z1 <3.5, and the average dispersed particle size (Y2) (μm) of the small wax particle size group in the toner when the toner is made into a toner is a dispersion size of 0.2 <Y2 <0.6. An average dispersed particle size (Z2) (μm) of a large particle size group of wax is 1.0 <Z2 <2.5. In the first conveying section (B1), while conveying the toner material, a dry blend product formed by blending at least a resin and a hybrid resin synthesized with wax and a colorant is formed, and in the dispersing section (A) 2. The non-magnetic one according to claim 1, wherein the dry blend product is melt-kneaded to form a melt-kneaded product, and the melt-kneaded product is transported and extruded by the second transport unit (B2). A method for producing toner for component development. The first conveying section (B1) is a cylindrical conveying screw, and the dispersing section (A) is a mortar heater heating that extends the toner material onto a thin film in a gap between an external grindstone and an internal grindstone. The method for producing a non-magnetic one-component developing toner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second conveying unit (B2) is a cylindrical conveying screw. 4. The method for producing a non-magnetic one-component developing toner according to claim 1, wherein the wax contains paraffin wax. The binder resin contains a resin synthesized in the presence of the wax, and the binder resin is a hybrid resin composed of at least a condensation polymerization resin and a vinyl resin. 4. A method for producing a toner for nonmagnetic one-component development according to any one of 4 above. The method for producing a toner for non-magnetic one-component development according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the softening point of the wax is 70 ° C or higher and 80 ° C or lower. The ratio of the weight of the wax with respect to the total weight of the binder resin and the wax is 3.0% or more and 3.5% or less, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, A method for producing a developing toner. The method for producing a nonmagnetic one-component developing toner according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the softening point of the nonmagnetic one-component developing toner is 121 ° C or higher and 135 ° C or lower. 9. An image forming method using the non-magnetic one-component developing toner produced by the non-magnetic one-component developing toner production method according to claim 1. A developer carrying member disposed opposite to the image carrier and carrying a developer to develop a latent image formed on the image carrier; and disposed in contact with the developer carrying member in contact with the developer The developer carrying member between a supply member for supplying the developer to the developer carrying member and a position facing the supply member and a position facing the image carrier in the moving direction of the developer carrying member And a layer thickness regulating member for supporting the developer supplied by the supply member in a thin layer on the developer carrying member, and having a toner replenishment mechanism above the developing device. A toner having a vertical configuration and used for the vertical developing device is a nonmagnetic one-component developing toner manufactured by the method for manufacturing a nonmagnetic one-component developing toner according to any one of claims 1 to 9, The regulation part A developing device which is a abdomen state with respect to the developer carrying member is in contact with that portion said developer carrying member and the. A process cartridge comprising at least the developing device according to claim 10 and being detachable from an image forming apparatus. The image forming method according to claim 9, wherein the fixing device is a two-roll fixing method including a heating roller and a pressure roller, and the fixing device is an oilless fixing that does not require oil application to a fixing member. An image forming apparatus using the same.

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