JP2009055674A - Pantograph - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pantograph which improves the following properties to the trolley wire of a current collecting slider by reducing the bump against a stopper at the end of a movable stroke. <P>SOLUTION: The pantograph, which is equipped with the current collecting slider 10 that contacts with the trolley wire T, a support 20 that supports the current collecting slider capably of relative displacement in the vertical direction within a specified movable stroke range, and an elastic supporting mechanism 100 that has elastic bodies 110, 120 and 130 for generating strength of stability geared to the displacement to the support of the current collecting slider, being provided between the current collecting slider and the support. The elastic supporting mechanism is structured so that its spring constant may increase to the middle range of the movable stroke, in the vicinity of at least one hand of the upper end and the lower end of the movable stroke. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a pantograph that collects current from a trolley line in an electric railway. In particular, at the end of the stroke where the current collector sliding part (boat body etc.) moves with respect to the support (boat support etc.), by reducing the contact of the stopper provided between them, The present invention relates to a pantograph with improved tracking characteristics.

  In current electric railways for business use, a method of sending electric power from a trolley line to a vehicle via a pantograph is common. The pantograph generally supports a boat body, to which a sliding plate that contacts and slides on a trolley wire is fixed, by a boat support provided at an upper end portion of an elevating mechanism. The hull is movable relative to the boat support in the vertical direction within a predetermined movable stroke. The boat body is supported by an elastic support mechanism with respect to the boat support. Further, the lifting mechanism presses the boat body and the boat support against the trolley line side with a constant lifting force.

  The contact force between the sliding plate and the trolley wire varies depending on factors such as non-uniform mechanical impedance (hardness to push up) of the trolley wire, static irregular height, and hard points. When this contact force becomes zero, a separation occurs in which the mechanical contact between the sliding plate and the trolley wire is lost, an arc is generated, and this arc causes electrical wear on the sliding plate and the trolley wire. In order to avoid such a situation, the pantograph is required to improve the following characteristics of the sliding plate body with respect to the trolley line so that the separation line does not occur as much as possible.

Conventionally, as a technique for improving the follow-up characteristics of the pantograph to the trolley line, a pair of front and rear hulls are provided, the masses of the hulls are made different, and restorations provided at both ends in the vehicle width direction of the hulls, respectively. It is known that the spring constant of a spring is different between front, back, left and right (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2006-174667 A

In the pantograph as described above, the elastic support mechanism that supports the boat body with respect to the boat support includes a stopper that abuts at the limit point on the expansion side and the contraction side of the movable stroke and prevents further displacement. When the hull is displaced to the limit point of the movable stroke and the stopper hits, the spring system that supports the hull does not function, and the tracking performance of the pantograph is significantly reduced.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a pantograph that has improved the follow-up characteristics to the trolley wire of the current collector sliding portion by reducing the stopper contact at the end of the movable stroke. Objective.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the pantograph of the present invention includes a current collector sliding portion that contacts a trolley wire, and a support that supports the current collector sliding portion so as to be relatively displaceable in the vertical direction within a predetermined movable stroke range. And a support mechanism for supporting the support body so as to be displaceable in the vertical direction with respect to the vehicle body. The support body of the current collection slide section is provided between the current collection slide section and the support body. An elastic support mechanism having an elastic body that generates a restoring force corresponding to a displacement with respect to the above, wherein the elastic support mechanism is in the vicinity of at least one of the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the movable stroke, The spring constant increases with respect to the intermediate region of the movable stroke.

  According to the present invention, since the spring constant of the elastic support mechanism has a non-linearity that increases with respect to the intermediate region in the vicinity of the end of the movable stroke, the current collector sliding portion reaches the limit point of the movable stroke and hits the stopper. The load required to cause the increase increases. Thereby, the contact with the stopper is suppressed, the followability of the pantograph when a large load is applied to the current collector sliding portion can be improved, and the separation of the current collector sliding portion from the trolley wire can be reduced.

In the present invention, the elastic support mechanism includes a main elastic body that generates a restoring force between the current collector sliding portion and the support body over substantially the entire movable stroke, and an intermediate area of the movable stroke. It is in a state of being separated from at least one of the current collector sliding portion and the support, and in the vicinity of the end of the movable stroke, a secondary force is generated between the current collector slide portion and the support. It can be set as the structure which has an elastic body.
According to this, it is possible to obtain a reduction effect per stopper without affecting the spring constant in the intermediate region that is normally used in the movable stroke of the current collector sliding portion. Furthermore, tuning of the nonlinear characteristics is easy by setting the spring constants of the main elastic body and the secondary elastic body.

In this case, the main elastic body and the sub elastic body may be coil springs having different diameters and arranged substantially concentrically.
According to this, an elastic support mechanism can be comprised compactly.
A bellow spring in which a coil spring is coated with rubber may be used.
The secondary elastic body is fixed to at least one side of the current collector sliding portion and the support, and contacts the current collector slide portion and the other side of the support near the end of the movable stroke. It can also be set as the structure which is an elastic member which touches.
In this case, as the secondary elastic body, typically, an elastic material such as rubber is wound around the current collecting sliding portion or a part of the support body, or is mounted in a block shape. .

  As described above, according to the present invention, the spring constant of the elastic support mechanism that elastically supports the current collector sliding portion with respect to the support increases near the end of the movable stroke of the current collector slide portion. By having non-linear characteristics, it is possible to provide a pantograph in which the hitting of the stopper that restricts the movable stroke of the current collector sliding portion is reduced and the following characteristics of the current collector sliding portion to the trolley wire are improved.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a pantograph to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the rail longitudinal direction (vehicle traveling direction) is the front-rear direction and the direction perpendicular to the rail longitudinal direction on the track surface is the left-right direction (vehicle width), as in the ordinary railcar technology. Direction), the direction perpendicular to the track surface is called the up-down direction.
In the present embodiment, a single-arm pantograph will be described as an example.
FIG. 1 is a mechanism diagram schematically showing a pantograph according to the present embodiment.
The single-arm pantograph 1 is disposed on a vehicle body roof 2 of a train.
The pantograph 1 includes a boat body 10, a boat support 20, an elevating mechanism 30, an elastic support mechanism 100, and the like.
For example, two sets of the boat body 10 and the elastic support mechanism 100 are arranged so as to be separated from each other in the front-rear direction of the vehicle.

The boat body 10 is a member to which a sliding plate body 11 that is in contact with a trolley wire (feed line) T is fixed, and is a current collecting sliding portion referred to in the present invention.
The boat body 10 is typically formed in a beam shape extending in the vehicle width direction using an aluminum alloy or the like. The boat body 10 is movable relative to the boat support 20 in the vertical direction within a predetermined movable stroke.
In addition, the boat body 10 includes a lower frame portion 12 that protrudes downward from the main body portion 10a to which the sliding plate body 11 is attached. A lower end portion 12 a of the lower frame portion 12 is formed to wrap around the lower side of the boat support 20. An upper limit stopper 150 (see FIG. 2 and the like) for restricting the upward movement amount of the boat body 10 and an upper limit subspring 130 of the elastic support mechanism 100 described later are provided at the lower end portion 12a of the lower frame portion 12. . These will be described in detail later with reference to FIG.
The ground plate body 11 is a belt-like plate disposed along the longitudinal direction of the boat body 10. The ground plate body 11 is formed using, for example, an iron-based or copper-based sintered alloy or a carbon-based material.
The boat support 20 is provided below the boat body 10 and supports the boat body 10. The boat support 20 is connected to the upper end of the lifting mechanism 30.

The elevating mechanism 30 supports the boat support 20 so that it can be raised and lowered with respect to the vehicle body roof 2.
The elevating mechanism 30 includes a four-bar link having a lower end fixed to the vehicle body roof 2 and a boat support 20 attached to the upper end.
This link includes an upper frame 31 extending in the front-rear direction. The upper end of the upper frame 31 is connected to the boat support 20 via the connecting portion 32. The lower end side of the upper frame 31 has a shape bent in a dogleg shape. The upper end of the lower frame 34 is connected to the bent portion at the lower end of the upper frame 31 via the first node 33.

  The lower end side of the boat support 20 and the upper end side of the lower frame 34 are connected by a boat support link 35 arranged below the upper frame 31. The boat support link 35 is a link member that plays a role of maintaining the boat support 20 and the boat body 10 thereon in a normal posture. The upper end of a counter bar 37 is connected to the lower end of the upper frame 31 via a third node 36. The lower end of the counter bar 37 is connected to a mounting flange 39 on the vehicle body roof 2 via a fourth node 38. A lower end of the lower frame 34 is connected to a main shaft (second node) 40. The main shaft 40 is rotatably supported by a mounting flange 42 of the vehicle body roof 2 and is connected to a main spring 41 disposed on the vehicle body roof 2. The main spring 41 is a member that gives a rising force to the pantograph 1.

The pantograph 1 moves up and down as follows. First, to raise the hull 10, the release mechanism (not shown) is released and the main spring 41 is contracted. Then, under the restoring force of the main spring 41, the lower frame 34 rises in the U direction in FIG. 1 with the main shaft 40 as a fulcrum, and the movement of the lower frame 34 is transmitted to the upper frame 31 via the first node 33. At this time, the upper frame 31 rises in the U ′ direction in FIG. 1 with the first node 33 as a fulcrum, and the upper end side lifts the boat support 20 via the connecting portion 32. In this way, the boat body 10 rises and the sliding plate body 11 is pressed against the trolley line T.
On the contrary, in order to lower the boat body 10, the lower frame 34 is lowered in the direction D in FIG. 1 by a folding cylinder (not shown). Then, the upper frame 31 rotates in the direction D ′ in FIG. 1, and the pantograph 1 is lowered. In such a folded state of the pantograph 1, the main spring 41 is in an extended state. The pantograph 1 can be locked in a folded state by locking the boat support 20 with a key device (not shown).

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the peripheral portion of the elastic support mechanism 100 as viewed from the lateral direction.
The elastic support mechanism 100 elastically supports the boat body 10 with respect to the boat support 20. For example, a pair of ground plates 11 is provided apart from one boat body 10 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Each sliding plate body 11 is fixed to the upper surface of the boat body 10.
The elastic support mechanism 100 includes a main spring 110, a lower limit sub spring 120, an upper limit sub spring 130, and the like.
Further, the elastic support mechanism 100 is provided with a lower limit stopper 140 and an upper limit stopper 150.
Here, for example, two sets of the main spring 110, the lower limit sub-spring 120, and the lower limit stopper 140 of the elastic support mechanism 100 are arranged so as to be separated from each other in the front-rear direction of the vehicle.

The main spring 110 is a compression coil spring provided between the boat body 10 and the boat support 20 and functions as a restoring spring that pushes up the boat body 10 in the direction of the trolley line T.
The main spring 110 is provided at two front and rear positions with respect to one hull, and the axial center is arranged substantially in the vertical direction. The upper end portion of the main spring 110 is fixed to the lower surface of the flange portion protruding forward and backward of the boat body 10. The lower end of the main spring 110 is fixed to the upper surface of the boat support 20 that faces the flange surface of the boat body 10.

  The lower limit sub-spring 120 is a compression coil spring that generates a repulsive force in a direction in which the boat body 10 rises with respect to the boat support 20 when the boat body 10 is in the vicinity of the lower end of the movable stroke with respect to the boat support 20. The lower limit subspring 120 is disposed substantially along the vertical direction. The lower limit sub-spring 120 has an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the main spring 110 and is arranged on the inner diameter side of the main spring 110 so as to be substantially concentric. The lower end sub-spring 120 has its lower end fixed to the boat support 20.

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the periphery of the lower limit subspring 120.
The lower limit subspring 120 includes a spring seat 121 and a spring catcher 122, and a lower stopper 142 of the lower limit stopper 140 is provided above the spring catcher 122.
The spring seat 121 is a disk-like member that receives a load by contacting the lower end of the lower limit sub-spring 120. Further, the spring seat 121 is provided with a flange portion that is formed so as to protrude from the outer peripheral surface into a collar shape, and this flange portion functions as a spring seat that comes into contact with the lower end portion of the main spring 110.
The spring catcher 122 is fixed to the upper surface portion of the spring seat 121 and holds the lower end portion of the lower limit sub-spring 120 to prevent it from falling off. The spring catcher 122 is formed in a substantially disk shape, and is screwed into the lower end portion of the lower limit subspring 120 whose outer peripheral surface is tightly wound.

  The upper limit sub-spring 130 is a compression coil spring that generates a repulsive force in a direction in which the boat body 10 descends with respect to the boat support 20 when the boat body 10 is in the vicinity of the upper end of the movable stroke with respect to the boat support 20. The upper limit sub-spring 130 is provided at the center in the front-rear direction of the boat body 10, and its axis is arranged substantially along the vertical direction. The lower end portion of the upper limit subspring 130 is fixed to the upper surface of the lower end portion 12 a of the lower frame portion 12 of the boat body 10. Further, the upper end portion of the upper limit subspring 130 is disposed to face the lower surface of the boat support 20.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view around the upper limit subspring 130.
The upper limit sub-spring 130 includes a spring catcher 131 and a cap 132, and an upper limit stopper 150 is provided on the upper side of the spring catcher 131.
The spring catcher 131 is fixed to the upper surface portion of the lower frame portion 12 of the boat body 10 and holds the lower end portion of the upper limit sub-spring 130 to prevent dropping. The spring catcher 131 is formed in a substantially disk shape, and is screwed into the lower end portion of the upper limit subspring 130 whose outer peripheral surface is tightly wound.
The cap 132 is a member that is attached to the upper end portion of the upper limit sub-spring 130 and contacts the lower surface portion of the boat support 20 when the boat body 10 is raised. The cap 132 is formed with a protrusion that abuts the boat support 20 on the upper surface of the disc-shaped main body. The outer peripheral surface of the cap 132 is screwed with the upper end portion of the upper limit sub-spring 130 wound tightly.

The lower limit stopper 140 regulates the movable stroke limit on the side where the boat body 10 descends with respect to the boat support 20.
The lower limit stopper 140 includes an upper stopper 141 and a lower stopper 142.
The upper stopper 140 is formed in a truncated cone shape whose central axis is arranged substantially vertically and whose lower side is narrowed. The upper stopper 141 is disposed on the inner diameter side of the main spring 110, and the upper end portion is fixed to the flange portion of the boat body 10.
The lower stopper 142 is formed in a truncated cone shape whose central axis is arranged substantially vertically and whose upper side is narrowed. The lower stopper 142 is disposed on the inner diameter side of the lower limit sub-spring 120, and the lower end portion is fixed to the upper surface portion of the spring catcher 122. The upper end of the lower stopper 142 is disposed below the upper end of the lower limit subspring 120 in the no-load state.
At the lower limit of the lower movable stroke of the boat body 10, the lower end portion of the upper stopper 141 and the upper end portion of the lower stopper 142 are in contact with each other.

The upper limit stopper 150 regulates the movable stroke limit on the side where the boat body 10 rises with respect to the boat support 20.
The upper limit stopper 150 is formed in a truncated cone shape whose central axis is arranged substantially vertically and whose upper side is narrowed. The upper limit stopper 150 is disposed on the inner diameter side of the upper limit subspring 130, and the lower end portion is fixed to the upper surface portion of the spring catcher 131. The upper end of the upper limit stopper 150 is disposed so as to face the lower surface of the cap 132 with a gap when the upper limit subspring 130 is in an unloaded state.

  At the ascending movable stroke limit of the boat body 10, the upper end portion of the cap 132 is in contact with the boat support 20, the lower surface portion of the cap 132 is in contact with the upper end portion of the upper limit stopper 150, and the cap 132 is in the boat support 20. And the upper limit stopper 150.

Next, the operation of the pantograph 1 of the present embodiment will be described.
First, when the boat body 10 is in the middle region of the movable stroke with respect to the boat support 20, as shown in FIG. 2, the lower limit sub-spring 120 has an upper end separated from the lower surface of the upper stopper 141 of the lower limit stopper 140. Loaded. On the other hand, the upper limit sub-spring 130 is also in an unloaded state in which the upper end portion of the cap 132 is separated from the boat support 120. At this time, the spring constant of the elastic support mechanism 100 as a whole is the spring constant of the main spring 110 itself. (See the load-displacement diagram shown by the solid line in Fig. 5)

When the boat body 10 in the intermediate region receives a downward input, the boat body 10 descends with respect to the boat support 20 while compressing the main spring 110. As the hull 10 descends, the upper end of the lower limit sub-spring 120 comes into contact with the lower surface of the upper stopper 141 of the lower limit stopper 140. When the hull 10 further descends from here, the lower limit sub-spring 120 is compressed together with the main spring 110. At this time, the spring constant of the elastic support mechanism 100 as a whole is obtained by adding the spring constant of the lower limit sub-spring 120 to the spring constant of the main spring 110.
When the boat body 10 further descends from this state and the lower end portion of the upper stopper 141 of the lower limit stopper 140 and the upper end portion of the lower stopper 142 come into contact with each other, further lowering of the boat body 10 is restricted.

On the other hand, when the boat body 10 in the intermediate region receives an upward input, the boat body 10 rises with respect to the boat support 20 while extending the main spring 110. As the hull 10 rises, the upper end of the cap 132 comes into contact with the lower surface of the boat support 20. When the hull 10 further rises from here, the main spring 110 extends and the upper limit sub-spring 130 is compressed. At this time, the spring constant of the elastic support mechanism 100 as a whole is obtained by adding the spring constant of the upper limit sub-spring 130 to the spring constant of the main spring 110.
When the boat body 10 further rises from this state and the upper end portion of the upper limit stopper 150 comes into contact with the lower surface portion of the cap 132, further elevation of the boat body 10 is restricted.
In the present embodiment, in a state where each subspring is functioning, the spring constant of each spring is set so that the spring constant of the elastic support mechanism 100 is several times (for example, three times) with respect to the intermediate region. Is set.

Next, the effect of this embodiment described above will be described below in comparison with a comparative example.
The pantograph of the comparative example is obtained by eliminating the lower limit subspring 120 and the upper limit subspring 130 from the elastic support mechanism 100 of the pantograph in the present embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the correlation between the static load acting between the hull and the boat support and the displacement of the hull relative to the boat support in the pantographs of the present embodiment and the comparative example.
In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis indicates the displacement of the boat body, the right side is the ascending side, and the left side is the descending side. The vertical axis indicates the load when the load at the neutral position of the stroke is 0. The upper side is the upward load and the lower side is the downward load. (The same applies to FIG. 6 described later.)

  In the comparative example, since the spring constant is constant over almost the entire movable stroke of the boat body 10, the boat body 10 is easily displaced to the limit of the movable stroke even when the load is relatively small, and the stopper hits easily. When such a stopper hit occurs, the following characteristic of the boat body 10 to the trolley line T is deteriorated, and the separation of the sliding plate body 11 away from the trolley line T is likely to occur. When the separation occurs, an arc is generated, which causes wear of the trolley wire T and the sliding plate body 11.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, when the boat body 10 is displaced to near the lower limit or the upper limit of the movable stroke, the lower limit sub-spring 120 or the upper limit sub-spring 130 functions and the spring as the elastic support mechanism 100 as a whole. The constant increases. As a result, the load necessary for further displacement of the hull 10 is increased, the increase in displacement is suppressed, and the stopper contact is reduced.

According to the present embodiment described above, since the spring constant of the elastic support mechanism 100 has nonlinearity that increases with respect to the intermediate region in the vicinity of the end of the movable stroke of the boat body 10, the boat body 10 has the movable stroke. This increases the load required to reach the limit point and cause stopper contact. Thereby, the hitting of the stopper is reduced, the followability of the pantograph when a large load is applied to the boat body 10 can be improved, and the separation of the sliding plate body 11 from the trolley line T can be reduced.
In addition, the elastic support mechanism 100 includes the main spring 110 that always functions and the subsprings 120 and 130 that function only near the end of the movable stroke, thereby affecting the spring constant (following characteristics) in the intermediate region. It is possible to effectively reduce the occurrence of contact with the stopper without exerting an influence, and to improve the following characteristics at the time of large displacement.
Furthermore, tuning of the above-described nonlinear characteristics is easy by setting the spring constants of the main and sub springs.
In addition, by arranging the lower limit subspring 120 substantially concentrically on the inner diameter side of the main spring 110, the configuration of the elastic support mechanism 100 can be made compact.

(Other embodiments)
In addition, this invention is not limited only to above-described embodiment, Various application and deformation | transformation can be considered. For example, the following embodiments applying the above embodiment can be implemented.
(1) The structure of the pantograph and the shape, configuration, arrangement, and the like of each member are not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be changed as appropriate. For example, in the embodiment, the lower limit sub spring is provided on the support side (under the spring side) and the upper limit sub spring is provided on the current collecting sliding part side (the upper side of the spring), but this may be provided on the opposite side.
(2) In the above-described embodiment, the coil spring is used as the auxiliary elastic body, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other elastic bodies may be used. For example, an elastic material such as rubber may be wound around the boat body or a part of the boat support as the auxiliary elastic body. Further, the elastic material may be formed into a desired shape such as a block shape and attached to the boat body or the boat support.
(3) The method of changing the spring constant of the elastic support mechanism is not limited to the method using the secondary elastic body as in the embodiment, and for example, a non-linear spring may be used. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation between the displacement of the boat and the load when a nonlinear spring is used as the elastic support mechanism. In this way, the spring constant may change continuously.

It is a mechanism figure showing typically a pantograph concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a typical side view of the elastic support mechanism periphery of the pantograph of FIG. FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a lower limit subspring peripheral portion of the pantograph of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a periphery of an upper limit subspring of the pantograph of FIG. 1. It is a graph which shows the correlation with the load to the hull and the displacement of a hull in the pantograph of this Embodiment and a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the correlation with the load to the hull and the displacement of a hull in the pantograph of other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pantograph 2 Body roof 10 Boat body 11 Ground plate body 12 Lower frame part 20 Boat support 30 Lifting mechanism 100 Elastic support mechanism 110 Main spring 120 Lower limit subspring 130 Upper limit subspring 140 Lower limit stopper 141 Upper stopper 142 Lower stopper 150 Upper limit stopper

Claims (4)

A current collector sliding part in contact with the trolley wire;
A support that supports the current collector sliding portion so as to be relatively displaceable in the vertical direction within a predetermined movable stroke range; and
An elevating support mechanism for supporting the support so as to be vertically displaceable with respect to the vehicle body;
An elastic support mechanism having an elastic body provided between the current collector sliding portion and the support, and generating a restoring force according to the displacement of the current collector slide portion relative to the support;
A pantograph comprising
The elastic support mechanism is characterized in that a spring constant increases with respect to an intermediate region of the movable stroke in the vicinity of at least one of the upper end and the lower end of the movable stroke.   The elastic support mechanism includes a main elastic body that generates a restoring force between the current collector sliding portion and the support body over substantially the entire movable stroke, and the current collector slide in an intermediate region of the movable stroke. A secondary elastic body that is separated from at least one of the moving portion and the support, and that generates a restoring force between the current collector sliding portion and the support near the end of the movable stroke; The pantograph according to claim 1.   The pantograph according to claim 2, wherein the main elastic body and the sub elastic body are coil springs having different diameters and arranged substantially concentrically.   The secondary elastic body is fixed to at least one side of the current collecting sliding portion and the support, and is in contact with the other side of the current collecting sliding portion and the support near the end of the movable stroke. The pantograph according to claim 2, wherein the pantograph is a member.

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