JP2009050219A - Mulching sheet for planting - Google Patents
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- JP2009050219A JP2009050219A JP2007221513A JP2007221513A JP2009050219A JP 2009050219 A JP2009050219 A JP 2009050219A JP 2007221513 A JP2007221513 A JP 2007221513A JP 2007221513 A JP2007221513 A JP 2007221513A JP 2009050219 A JP2009050219 A JP 2009050219A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 34
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000221017 Euphorbiaceae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000003979 Phyla canescens Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000115721 Pennisetum typhoides Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007195 Pennisetum typhoides Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000008515 Setaria glauca Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000219318 Amaranthus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940001941 soy protein Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241001539176 Hime Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269908 Platichthys flesus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011158 Prunus mume Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000018795 Prunus mume Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269796 Seriola quinqueradiata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003522 acrylic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、平地、法面又は土手等（以下、「法面等」という。）の土壌にヒメイワダレソウ等のクマツヅラ科イワダレソウ属植物（以下、単に「ヒメイワダレソウ等植物」という。）を植栽して、土壌を緑化する際に用いる植栽用マルチシートに関するものである。 In the present invention, a plant belonging to the genus Euphorbiaceae (hereinafter, simply referred to as “plants such as Himewadareso”) such as Himewadareso is planted on the soil of flat land, slope or bank (hereinafter referred to as “slope etc.”). It is related with the multi-sheet for planting used when planting soil.
従来より、法面等の土壌を緑化する方法としては、当該土壌に、ヒメイワダレソウ等植物を植栽する方法が採用されている。ヒメイワダレソウ等植物が採用される理由は、雑草よりも比較的繁殖能力が高いこと、害虫がつきにくいこと、開花期間が長いこと、肥料が不要であること等の利点があるからである。 Conventionally, as a method for greening a soil such as a slope, a method of planting a plant such as abalone in the soil has been adopted. The reason for adopting plants such as Himeiwadareso is because it has advantages such as relatively high reproductive ability than weeds, less pests, long flowering period, and no need for fertilizer.
ヒメイワダレソウ等植物が雑草よりも比較的高い繁殖能力を持つとはいえ、雑草の種類によっては、繁殖競争に負けるということがあった。すなわち、ヒメイワダレソウ等植物が成長して土壌を覆い尽くした後においては繁殖競争に負けることは殆どないが、土壌を覆い尽くす前の成長時には、雑草の種類によっては繁殖競争に負け、土壌全体がヒメイワダレソウ等植物で覆われずに、部分的に雑草で覆われた場所が生じるということがあった。そして、部分的に雑草で覆われた場所が生じると、上記した利点が損なわれ、法面等の土壌の緑化が不十分になる。 Even though plants such as Amaranthus have a relatively higher reproductive ability than weeds, depending on the type of weeds, they sometimes lost the reproductive competition. In other words, after plants have grown and covered the soil, they are almost undefeated by the breeding competition. There was a case where a place partially covered with weeds was generated without being covered with the same plant. And when the place partially covered with weeds arises, the above-mentioned advantage will be impaired and the greening of soil, such as a slope, will become inadequate.
このため、法面等の土壌全体に、コットン繊維１００％の不織布よりなるマルチシートを敷設した後、このマルチシートの一部に孔を開けて、そこにヒメイワダレソウの苗を植えつける方法が提案されている（非特許文献１）。この方法は、マルチシートで被覆された土壌では、雑草が繁殖しにくいため、植えつけたヒメイワダレソウの苗が繁殖成長して、ヒメイワダレソウで土壌が覆い尽くされることになる。そして、このマルチシートは、コットン繊維１００％で構成されているため、１年程度で自然に分解消失する。したがって、ヒメイワダレソウの植栽に当たり、マルチシートを除去するという作業が不要になり、好ましいものである。 For this reason, a method has been proposed in which a multi-sheet made of 100% cotton fiber is laid on the entire soil, such as a slope, and then a hole is made in a part of the multi-sheet to plant a seedling of the pearl millet. (Non-Patent Document 1). In this method, weeds are difficult to propagate in the soil covered with multi-sheets, so that the seedlings of the planted budworm grow and grow, and the soil is covered with the flounder. And since this multi-sheet is composed of 100% cotton fiber, it naturally decomposes and disappears in about one year. Therefore, the operation of removing the multi-sheet is not necessary for planting the pearl millet, which is preferable.
しかしながら、非特許文献１記載の方法によっても、土壌全体がヒメイワダレソウで覆い尽くされずに、雑草が一部繁殖するということがあった。雑草が繁殖するということは、マルチシートで覆われた箇所で光が透過しており、雑草の芽が光合成を十分に行っているということである。本発明は、マルチシートで覆われた箇所において、光を透過させにくくして、雑草の繁殖を抑制又は防止しうるマルチシートを提供することを課題とするものである。 However, even with the method described in Non-Patent Document 1, there was a case in which the weeds partially propagated without the entire soil being covered with the pearl millet. The propagation of weeds means that light is transmitted through the portions covered with the multi-sheet, and the weed buds are sufficiently photosynthesised. An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-sheet capable of suppressing or preventing the propagation of weeds by making it difficult to transmit light in a portion covered with the multi-sheet.
本発明者は、まず、非特許文献１に記載されているコットン繊維１００％の不織布よりなるマルチシートが、何故に光を透過させやすいのかを検討した。本発明者は、この不織布は構成繊維が集積されてなるものであるため、構成繊維相互間の間隙から光が透過するのではないかと考えた。このため、構成繊維相互間が緻密に密着しており、構成繊維相互間の間隙の少ない不織布を、マルチシートとして使用することを試みた。 The present inventor first examined why the multi-sheet made of 100% cotton non-woven fabric described in Non-Patent Document 1 easily transmits light. The inventor thought that this non-woven fabric is formed by collecting constituent fibers, and therefore light may be transmitted through the gaps between the constituent fibers. Therefore, an attempt was made to use a non-woven fabric in which the constituent fibers are closely adhered to each other and the gap between the constituent fibers is small as a multi-sheet.
しかしながら、構成繊維相互間の間隙の少ない緻密な不織布であっても、結果は殆ど変わらなかった。本発明者は、さらにこの原因を究明すべく検討を進めたところ、構成繊維自体が光（特に可視光）を透過するためであることを見出した。すなわち、コットン繊維は、肉眼で見ると白色又は黄灰色となっているが、これは可視光を全部を反射しているのではない。光学顕微鏡でコットン繊維を観察すれば分かるように、コットン繊維はかなりの量の可視光を透過している。そこで、本発明者は、構成繊維自体を光不透過性にすればよいのではないかと考え、実験を重ねた結果、本発明に至ったのである。 However, even with a dense non-woven fabric with few gaps between constituent fibers, the results were almost unchanged. The inventor further studied to find out the cause, and found that the constituent fibers themselves transmit light (particularly visible light). That is, cotton fibers are white or yellowish gray when viewed with the naked eye, but this does not reflect all visible light. As can be seen by observing the cotton fibers with an optical microscope, the cotton fibers transmit a significant amount of visible light. Therefore, the present inventor considered that the constituent fiber itself may be made light-impermeable, and as a result of repeated experiments, the present inventors have reached the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、土壌にクマツヅラ科イワダレソウ属植物を植栽する際に使用する植栽用マルチシートにおいて、該植栽用マルチシートは、セルロース繊維又はタンパク質繊維よりなる構成繊維が集積されると共に該構成繊維相互間が交絡されて一体化され、かつ、該構成繊維表面に光不透過性粒子が付着されてなる不織布を備えていることを特徴とする植栽用マルチシートに関するものである。 That is, the present invention relates to a multi-sheet for planting used when planting a plant of the genus Euphorbiaceae on soil, wherein the multi-sheet for planting is composed of component fibers made of cellulose fibers or protein fibers. The present invention relates to a multi-sheet for planting comprising a nonwoven fabric in which the constituent fibers are entangled and integrated with each other, and light-impermeable particles are attached to the surface of the constituent fibers.
本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートは、土壌にクマツヅラ科イワダレソウ属植物を植栽する際に使用するものである。クマツヅラ科イワダレソウ属植物としては、イワダレソウやヒメイワダレソウ及びそれらの改良種を挙げることができる。また、クマツヅラ科イワダレソウ属植物に限定している理由は、法面等の土壌の緑化にとって、それらが前述したような種々の利点を有しているからである。 The multi-sheet for planting according to the present invention is used when planting a plant of the genus Euphorbiaceae on the soil. Examples of the plant belonging to the genus Euphorbiaceae include Iwadaresou, Himewadareso, and improved species thereof. Moreover, the reason for limiting to the plant of the genus Euphorbiaceae is that they have various advantages as described above for the greening of soil such as slopes.
本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートは、不織布よりなるか又はこの不織布を具備したものである。不織布の構成繊維としては、セルロース繊維又はタンパク質繊維が用いられる。これらの繊維を用いる理由は、セルロース繊維もタンパク質繊維も、土壌に敷設しておくと、自然に分解し肥料となるからである。すなわち、本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートを採用すれば、土壌に敷設した後、それを除去する必要はなく、放置しておけば分解し肥料となるのである。セルロース繊維としては、コットン繊維、レーヨン短繊維又は長繊維、麻繊維、パルプ等を用いることができる。タンパク質繊維としては、羊毛や絹繊維を用いることができる。 The multisheet for planting which concerns on this invention consists of a nonwoven fabric, or comprised this nonwoven fabric. Cellulose fibers or protein fibers are used as the constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric. The reason for using these fibers is that both cellulose fibers and protein fibers are naturally decomposed into fertilizers when they are laid in soil. That is, if the multi-sheet for planting according to the present invention is employed, it is not necessary to remove it after laying on the soil, and if it is left as it is, it will decompose and become fertilizer. As the cellulose fiber, cotton fiber, rayon short fiber or long fiber, hemp fiber, pulp and the like can be used. As protein fiber, wool or silk fiber can be used.
構成繊維は多数集積されると共に交絡されて一体化され、所定の引張強度を持つ不織布となっている。構成繊維を集積させただけでは、構成繊維相互間が一体化されず、所定の引張強度を持つ不織布を得られず、土壌に敷設することが困難となる。また、構成繊維相互間をバインダー樹脂等で結合して一体化することも考えられるが、バインダー樹脂等を用いると、これが土壌に残存し、環境に悪影響を与える恐れがあるため、好ましくない。したがって、構成繊維は集積されると共に交絡されて、構成繊維相互間が一体化されるのである。交絡の手段としては、水流交絡法やニードルパンチ法を採用することができる。ニードルパンチ法は構成繊維の集積量が少ない場合には、有効に交絡することができないので、このような場合は水流交絡法を採用するのが好ましい。また、水流交絡法でもニードルパンチ法でも、短繊維の方が有効に交絡できるので、レーヨン繊維や絹繊維の場合、短繊維を用いる方が好ましい。なお、コットン繊維、麻繊維、パルプ及び羊毛は、いずれも短繊維で提供されている。 A large number of constituent fibers are accumulated and entangled and integrated to form a nonwoven fabric having a predetermined tensile strength. If only the constituent fibers are accumulated, the constituent fibers are not integrated with each other, a nonwoven fabric having a predetermined tensile strength cannot be obtained, and it becomes difficult to lay the soil on the soil. In addition, it is conceivable that the constituent fibers are bonded together with a binder resin or the like. However, using a binder resin or the like is not preferable because it may remain in the soil and adversely affect the environment. Therefore, the constituent fibers are accumulated and entangled so that the constituent fibers are integrated with each other. As the entanglement means, a water entanglement method or a needle punch method can be employed. The needle punching method cannot be effectively entangled when the amount of constituent fibers accumulated is small, and in such a case, it is preferable to adopt the hydroentanglement method. Further, short fibers can be effectively entangled by either the hydroentanglement method or the needle punch method, and therefore, in the case of rayon fibers or silk fibers, it is preferable to use short fibers. Cotton fiber, hemp fiber, pulp and wool are all provided as short fibers.
本発明においては、構成繊維表面に光不透過性粒子が付着している。光不透過性粒子としては、可視光を透過しにくいものが用いられ、特に、４００〜７００ｎｍの波長の可視光を透過しにくいものが用いられる。この理由は、光合成では、主として４００〜７００ｎｍの波長領域の光が使われるからである。光不透過性粒子としては、具体的には、カーボンブラック、ピグメントグリーン７、亜鉛華、群青、紺青等が用いられる。しかしながら、本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートは、土壌に敷設した後、放置しておくものであるため、環境に悪影響を及ぼさないカーボンブラックを用いるのが好ましい。光不透過性粒子は、その粒子径が概ね０．２〜２３μｍの範囲内になるように調整された後に、構成繊維表面に付着される。すなわち、光不透過性粒子と、光不透過性粒子を構成繊維表面に付着するための接着剤とを含む溶液を、構成繊維表面に付与して光不透過性粒子を付着させるのであるが、この溶液中における光不透過性粒子の粒子径を０．２〜２３μｍの範囲内になるように調整するのである。粒子径が０．２μｍ未満のものは、光不透過性能が不十分であるため好ましくない。また、粒子径が２３μｍを超えるものは、構成繊維表面から脱落しやすくなるため好ましくない。なお、光不透過性粒子の粒子径は、「ＨＯＲＩＢＡ Ｌａｓｅｒ Ｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇ Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ Ｓｉｚｅ Ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ Ａｎａｌｙｚｅｒ ＬＡ−９５０」なる測定機器を用いて測定されたものである。 In the present invention, light-impermeable particles adhere to the surface of the constituent fibers. As the light-impermeable particles, particles that do not easily transmit visible light are used, and in particular, particles that do not easily transmit visible light having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm are used. This is because, in photosynthesis, light in the wavelength region of 400 to 700 nm is mainly used. Specific examples of the light-impermeable particles include carbon black, pigment green 7, zinc white, ultramarine blue, and bitumen. However, since the multi-sheet for planting according to the present invention is left to stand after being laid on soil, it is preferable to use carbon black that does not adversely affect the environment. The light-impermeable particles are adhered to the surface of the constituent fiber after being adjusted so that the particle diameter is approximately in the range of 0.2 to 23 μm. That is, a solution containing a light-impermeable particle and an adhesive for adhering the light-impermeable particle to the constituent fiber surface is applied to the constituent fiber surface to adhere the light-impermeable particle. The particle diameter of the light-impermeable particles in this solution is adjusted to be in the range of 0.2 to 23 μm. Those having a particle diameter of less than 0.2 μm are not preferable because the light impermeability is insufficient. Further, those having a particle diameter exceeding 23 μm are not preferable because they easily fall off from the constituent fiber surface. In addition, the particle diameter of the light-impermeable particles is measured using a measuring instrument “HORIBA Laser Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyzer LA-950”.
カーボンブラック等の光不透過性粒子を構成繊維表面に付着させるための接着剤としては、澱粉系や、大豆タンパク等のタンパク質系の接着剤を用いるのが好ましい。これらの接着剤は、一般に用いられている有機合成系のアクリル系接着剤等と異なり、環境下で放置しておけば、自然に分解するからである。接着剤と光不透過性粒子とは、溶媒中に溶解又は分散され、接着剤溶液として調整される。溶媒としては水が好ましく、接着剤水溶液として調整されるのが一般的である。構成繊維表面に光不透過性粒子を付着させるには、一般的に、構成繊維が集積されると共に交絡されて一体化された不織布本体を得た後に、この不織布本体に接着剤水溶液を含浸したり塗布したり或いは噴霧すればよい。そして、接着剤水溶液中の水を乾燥蒸発させれば、不織布本体を構成している構成繊維表面に、光不透過性粒子が接着剤によって付着されるのである。 As an adhesive for adhering light-impermeable particles such as carbon black to the surface of the constituent fiber, it is preferable to use a starch-based or protein-based adhesive such as soybean protein. This is because, unlike an organic synthetic acrylic adhesive or the like, which is generally used, these adhesives decompose naturally when left in an environment. The adhesive and the light-impermeable particles are dissolved or dispersed in a solvent and adjusted as an adhesive solution. As the solvent, water is preferable, and it is generally prepared as an adhesive aqueous solution. In order to attach light-impermeable particles to the surface of the constituent fiber, in general, after the constituent fibers are collected and entangled to obtain an integrated nonwoven fabric body, the nonwoven fabric body is impregnated with an adhesive aqueous solution. Or may be applied or sprayed. And if the water in adhesive aqueous solution is dried and evaporated, the light-impermeable particle | grains will adhere to the surface of the constituent fiber which comprises the nonwoven fabric main body with an adhesive agent.
光不透過性粒子の付着量は、構成繊維表面全体を覆う程度の量であるのが好ましい。具体的には、構成繊維１００重量部に対して、光不透過性粒子０．５〜５重量部程度でよい。光不透過性粒子の付着量が０．５重量部未満であると、構成繊維表面の一部が光不透過性粒子で覆われない可能性があり、光が透過しやすくなる傾向が生じる。光不透過性粒子の付着量が５重量部を超えても、光の不透過性はもはや向上しないので、それ以上付着させるのは不合理である。また、あまり多量に光不透過性粒子を付着させると、植栽用マルチシートの取り扱い時に、光不透過性粒子が脱落し、作業環境が悪くなる。 The amount of light-impermeable particles attached is preferably an amount that covers the entire surface of the constituent fibers. Specifically, the light-impermeable particles may be about 0.5 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the constituent fibers. If the amount of light-impermeable particles attached is less than 0.5 parts by weight, a part of the constituent fiber surface may not be covered with the light-impermeable particles, and light tends to be transmitted. Even if the amount of light-impermeable particles attached exceeds 5 parts by weight, the light impermeability is no longer improved, so it is unreasonable to attach more. On the other hand, if a large amount of light-impermeable particles is adhered, the light-impermeable particles fall off during handling of the multi-sheet for planting, and the working environment becomes worse.
本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートとして用いられる不織布の目付は、６０〜１００ｇ／ｍ2程度で十分である。不織布の目付が６０ｇ／ｍ2未満であると、構成繊維量が少なくなるため、構成繊維相互間の間隙から光が透過しやすくなるため、好ましくない。不織布の目付が１００ｇ／ｍ2超えても、本発明によれば、光不透過率は飽和状態となり、構成繊維量が多くなるだけで不合理である。本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートは、この不織布単体からなるものであってもよい。また、この不織布の上層に光反射層等を設けてもよいし、下層に保水層等を設けもよい。 About 60-100 g / m < 2 > is enough for the fabric weight of the nonwoven fabric used as the multisheet for planting which concerns on this invention. If the basis weight of the non-woven fabric is less than 60 g / m 2 , the amount of constituent fibers decreases, and light easily passes through the gaps between the constituent fibers, which is not preferable. Even if the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric exceeds 100 g / m 2 , according to the present invention, the light impermeability is saturated, which is unreasonable only by increasing the amount of constituent fibers. The multisheet for planting which concerns on this invention may consist of this nonwoven fabric single-piece | unit. Moreover, you may provide a light reflection layer etc. in the upper layer of this nonwoven fabric, and you may provide a water retention layer etc. in the lower layer.
本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートは、以下のような方法で使用され、ヒメイワダレソウ等植物が植栽される。すなわち、まず、植栽の対象となる土壌全体に植栽用マルチシートを敷設する。植栽用マルチシートは、一般的に、幅が５０ｃｍ〜２ｍ程度の巻物として提供される。したがって、これを巻き戻しながら、土壌全体に敷設する。その後、植栽用マルチシートを破るか切り取って孔を開け、その部分の土壌を一部露出させる。そして、この露出した土壌に、ヒメイワダレソウ等植物の苗を植えて植栽する。その後、約３ケ月程度放置しておけば、ヒメイワダレソウ等植物が繁殖し、土壌全体がこの植物で覆われることになる。一方、植栽用マルチシートは、徐々に分解し、約３〜６ケ月程度で殆ど分解し、約１年程度経過すれば完全に分解する。そして、分解したセルロース繊維又はタンパク質繊維は肥料となるのである。なお、光不透過性粒子としてカーボンブラックを使用した場合には、それはそのまま土壌中に残存するが、環境上、全く悪影響がない。また、接着剤として、澱粉系やタンパク質系のものを使用した場合には、これも徐々に分解し肥料となる。 The multi-sheet for planting according to the present invention is used in the following manner, and plants such as Japanese apricot are planted. That is, first, a multi-sheet for planting is laid on the entire soil to be planted. The multi-sheet for planting is generally provided as a scroll having a width of about 50 cm to 2 m. Therefore, it is laid on the entire soil while rewinding it. Thereafter, the multi-sheet for planting is broken or cut to make a hole, and part of the soil is exposed. Then, plant seedlings such as Amanitae are planted in the exposed soil. Then, if it is left to stand for about 3 months, plants such as Japanese amberjack will propagate and the entire soil will be covered with this plant. On the other hand, the multi-sheet for planting decomposes gradually, almost decomposes in about 3 to 6 months, and completely decomposes after about 1 year. And the decomposed cellulose fiber or protein fiber becomes a fertilizer. In addition, when carbon black is used as the light-impermeable particles, it remains in the soil as it is, but there is no adverse effect on the environment. Moreover, when a starch type or a protein type is used as the adhesive, this also gradually decomposes to become a fertilizer.
本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートは、構成繊維表面に光不透過性粒子が付着してなる不織布を具備するものである。構成繊維表面に光不透過性粒子が付着しているので、光（可視光）は植栽用マルチシートで遮られ、土壌まで光が到達しない。したがって、土壌中に存在する雑草の芽は光合成ができずに、成長できない。一方、植栽用マルチシートに設けられた孔の土壌部分にはヒメイワダレソウ等植物の苗が植えられているので、これは光合成により成長する。すなわち、本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートを使用すれば、ヒメイワダレソウ等植物のみが成長し、雑草の成長は抑制される結果、土壌全体がヒメイワダレソウ等植物で覆われ、良好に土壌を緑化することができる。 The multisheet for planting according to the present invention comprises a non-woven fabric formed by adhering light-impermeable particles to the constituent fiber surface. Since light-impermeable particles adhere to the surface of the constituent fibers, light (visible light) is blocked by the multi-sheet for planting, and light does not reach the soil. Therefore, the weed buds present in the soil cannot be photosynthetic and cannot grow. On the other hand, since the seedlings of plants such as scallop are planted in the soil portion of the hole provided in the multi-sheet for planting, this grows by photosynthesis. That is, if the multi-sheet for planting according to the present invention is used, only the plant such as Amaranthus grows, and the growth of weeds is suppressed. Can do.
一方、植栽用マルチシートを構成している不織布は、その構成繊維としてセルロース繊維又はタンパク質繊維を使用しているので、ヒメイワダレソウ等植物が成長してゆくにしたがい、徐々に分解して消失し、肥料として機能する。したがって、本発明に係る植栽用マルチシートを使用すれば、マルチシートを除去するという作業が不要になる。 On the other hand, the non-woven fabric constituting the multi-sheet for planting uses cellulose fiber or protein fiber as its constituent fiber, so as the plant grows, such as Hime Wadaleo, it gradually decomposes and disappears, Acts as a fertilizer. Therefore, if the multi-sheet for planting according to the present invention is used, the work of removing the multi-sheet becomes unnecessary.
さらに、光不透過性粒子としてカーボンブラックを使用すれば、これは分解はしないが土壌中に残存していても、環境に悪影響を与えない。また、光不透過性粒子を構成繊維表面に付着するための接着剤として、澱粉系や、大豆タンパク等のタンパク質系のものを使用すれば、これらも徐々に分解して消失し、肥料として機能する。 Furthermore, if carbon black is used as the light-impermeable particles, it will not decompose but will not adversely affect the environment if it remains in the soil. In addition, if starch-based or protein-based materials such as soy protein are used as an adhesive for adhering light-opaque particles to the surface of the constituent fibers, these will gradually decompose and disappear, and function as fertilizer To do.
以下、実施例に基づいて、更に本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。本発明は、コットン繊維１００％からなる不織布であっても、構成繊維であるコットン繊維自体が可視光を透過するという知見を基にして、構成繊維表面に光不透過性粒子を付着させ、構成繊維自体が可視光を透過しにくくなるようにして、光不透過性に優れた植栽用マルチシートを得たものであると解釈されるべきである。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail based on an Example, this invention is not limited to an Example. Even if the present invention is a non-woven fabric composed of 100% cotton fiber, based on the knowledge that the cotton fiber itself, which is a constituent fiber, transmits visible light, light opaque particles are attached to the surface of the constituent fiber, It should be construed that the fiber itself is made difficult to transmit visible light to obtain a multi-sheet for planting excellent in light impermeability.
実施例１
平均繊度１．７デシテックス、平均繊維長２５ｍｍのコットン繊維を、カード機で開繊及び集積して、目付８０ｇ／ｍ2の繊維ウェブを得た。この繊維ウェブに、ノズル径０．１ｍｍ、ノズルから水の噴出圧力６．８６ＭＰａ、ノズルピッチ０．６ｍｍの条件で水流を施し、コットン繊維相互間を交絡し一体化した不織布本体を得た。この不織布本体に、大日精化工業株式会社製の「バイオテックカラーＡＰ ７９４ 墨」を含浸した後、乾燥して、不織布本体に対して固形分を１重量％付与して不織布を得た。この不織布を、そのまま植栽用マルチシートとした。なお、「バイオテックカラーＡＰ ７９４ 墨」の組成は以下のとおりであり、乾燥後の固形分はカーボンブラックと大豆タンパク質系接着剤とからなる。
カーボンブラック（粒度範囲：０．２２６〜２２．８μｍ） １５重量％
大豆タンパク質系接着剤 ９重量％
水 残部
Example 1
Cotton fibers having an average fineness of 1.7 dtex and an average fiber length of 25 mm were opened and accumulated with a card machine to obtain a fiber web having a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 . A water flow was applied to the fiber web under the conditions of a nozzle diameter of 0.1 mm, a water jet pressure of 6.86 MPa from the nozzle, and a nozzle pitch of 0.6 mm, and a nonwoven fabric body was obtained by interlacing and integrating the cotton fibers. The nonwoven fabric body was impregnated with “Biotech Color AP 794 Black” manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd. and dried to give a nonwoven fabric with a solid content of 1% by weight. This nonwoven fabric was directly used as a multi-sheet for planting. The composition of “Biotech Color AP 794 Black” is as follows, and the solid content after drying is composed of carbon black and soybean protein adhesive.
Carbon black (particle size range: 0.226 to 22.8 μm) 15% by weight
Soy protein adhesive 9% by weight
Water balance
実施例２
固形分を３重量％付与した他は、実施例１と同一の方法で植栽用マルチシートを得た。
Example 2
A multi-sheet for planting was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3% by weight of the solid content was given.
実施例３
固形分を５重量％付与した他は、実施例１と同一の方法で植栽用マルチシートを得た。
Example 3
A multi-sheet for planting was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solid content was 5% by weight.
比較例
実施例１で得られた不織布本体に、「バイオテックカラーＡＰ ７９４ 墨」を含浸せずに、不織布本体をそのまま植栽用マルチシートとした。
Comparative Example The nonwoven fabric body obtained in Example 1 was not impregnated with “Biotech Color AP 794 Black”, and the nonwoven fabric body was directly used as a multi-sheet for planting.
実施例１〜３及び比較例で得られた植栽用マルチシートの遮光率（％）を、ＪＩＳ Ｌ １０５５ Ａ法（照度計を用いる方法）に準拠して測定した。この結果を表１に示した。なお、光源としてはレフランプを使用し、照度は２０００ルックス（ｌｘ）にして測定した。
［表１］
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
遮光率（％）
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
実施例１ ９１．５
実施例２ ９４．０
実施例３ ９５．１
比較例 ７８．８
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
The shading rate (%) of the multi-sheet for planting obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example was measured according to the JIS L 1055 A method (method using an illuminometer). The results are shown in Table 1. Note that a reflex lamp was used as the light source, and the illuminance was 2000 lux (lx).
[Table 1]
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Shading rate (%)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Example 1 91.5
Example 2 94.0
Example 3 95.1
Comparative Example 78.8
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
表１の結果から明らかなように、光不透過性粒子であるカーボンブラックを構成繊維表面に付着した不織布よりなる実施例１〜３の植栽用マルチシートは、光不透過性粒子を付着していない不織布本体からなる比較例の植栽用マルチシートに比べて、遮光率が顕著に向上したものであった。したがって、実施例１〜３の植栽用マルチシートを使用して土壌を被覆すれば、比較例のものを使用した場合に比べて、被覆された土壌には光が透過しにくく、当該土壌に存在する雑草の芽は光合成ができないため、その成長を防止しうることが分かる。 As is clear from the results in Table 1, the multi-sheets for planting in Examples 1 to 3 made of a nonwoven fabric in which carbon black, which is a light-impermeable particle, is adhered to the surface of the constituent fibers are adhered to the light-impermeable particles. Compared with the multi-sheet for planting of the comparative example which consists of the non-woven fabric main body which was not, the light-shielding rate improved significantly. Therefore, if the soil is covered using the planting multi-sheets of Examples 1 to 3, light is not easily transmitted to the covered soil as compared to the case of using the comparative example. It can be seen that the existing weed buds cannot prevent photosynthesis and thus prevent their growth.
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| JP2005198617A (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Marusan Industrial Co Ltd | Mulch sheet for farming |
| JP2005253454A (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Eisho:Kk | Agricultural sheet |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102239780A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-11-16 | 天津师范大学 | Method and application for standardizing ryegrass lawn nursery strips |
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| JP4879120B2 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
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