JP2009042558A - Wavelength selection switch - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wavelength selection switch requiring only rotation of an MEMS mirror within a vertical face with respect to a uniaxial-directional hinge. <P>SOLUTION: The wavelength selection switch includes an input side substrate 10 including an array waveguide diffraction grating corresponding to an input port, and for dispersing spectrally a light signal incident into the input port, into a plurality of light signals having different wavelengths, to be emitted at an emission angle in response to the wavelength, an output side substrate 10' including an array waveguide diffraction grating corresponding respectively to output ports mounted to overlap fellow substrate faces to the input side substrate, a lens 40 for converging the light signals dispersed spectrally in every wavelength by the array waveguide diffraction grating, liquid crystal switches 700, 800 of one-input and two-output type for switching the converged light signals respectively toward a direction perpendicular to the substrate face of the input side substrate, and an array of the MEMS mirrors 600 for switching to a direction in parallel to the substrate face of the input side substrate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wavelength selective switch applicable to an optical communication system.

  While the capacity of optical communication has been increased and the transmission capacity has been increased by a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system, an increase in the throughput of the path switching function in the node is strongly demanded. In the past, the path switching was mainly performed by an electrical switch after converting the transmitted optical signal to an electrical signal. However, taking advantage of the characteristics of the optical signal such as high speed and wide bandwidth, an optical switch, etc. A ROADM system that performs add / drop and the like using an optical signal as it is is introduced. Specifically, an optical signal is added / dropped at each node using a ring type network, and those that do not need to pass through the optical signal as it is, so that the node device is small and has low power consumption. is there. A wavelength selective switch (WSS) module is required as a device necessary for future development of these reconfigurable optical add / drop multiplexer (ROADM) systems.

  Conventionally, WSS using a MEMS mirror array is known (for example, refer to Patent Document 1). FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a WSS using such a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) mirror array. FIG. 1A is a plan view of the WSS, and FIG. 1B is a side view. In the WSS shown in FIG. 1, a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical signal is input to an input optical fiber as input light, and a wavelength demultiplexer (for example, a quartz glass-based slab waveguide 12 on a substrate 10). And an optical waveguide having an arrayed waveguide 14 (Planar lightwave circuit: PLC) is demultiplexed into channel optical signals having different wavelengths from each other by an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). The channel optical signal thus formed is condensed by a lens (cylindrical lens 20, main lens 40) onto a MEMS mirror 60 constituting a MEMS mirror array. Here, the MEMS mirror array is arranged so that the optical signals of the respective wavelength channels are input to the respective mirrors 60. Therefore, by adjusting the angle of each MEMS mirror, the optical signal of each wavelength channel can be steered in an arbitrary direction. For example, in the WSS shown in FIG. 1, it is possible to input to another AWG on the same substrate by swinging the mirror in the left and right direction with respect to the optical axis.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the WSS is a WSS having a configuration in which an input side arrayed waveguide grating substrate 10 and a plurality of output side arrayed waveguide grating substrates 10 'are stacked. Therefore, by further adjusting the angle of each MEMS mirror in the vertical direction with respect to the optical axis, an optical signal can be input to the AWG of another stacked PLC substrate.

  In the WSS shown in FIG. 1, the optical signals of the respective wavelength channels are multiplexed by the output side AWGs and output again as WDM signals from the respective output ports. In the example of FIG. 1, since there are 19 arrayed waveguide gratings for one input side arrayed waveguide grating, it functions as a WSS with 1 input and 19 outputs (1 × 19).

JP 2005-526287 A By Hector, Hector Optics II, September 2004, p88

  However, the wavelength selective switch of FIG. 1 has the following problems. In the wavelength selective switch of FIG. 1, since the WDM optical signal is divided by the diffraction grating for each wavelength and processed by being applied to the MEMS mirror array, it is necessary to make the gap between the MEMS mirrors as narrow as possible. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the MEMS mirror has a structure in which mirrors corresponding to the number of wavelength channels are arranged without a gap, and typically hinges (springs that support the mirror) are provided above and below the MEMS mirror. This is because the light divided for each wavelength from the diffraction grating is incident on A-A ′ on the mirror surface, so that there is a gap in the wavelength spectrum of the emitted light by the gap between the mirrors. That is, in order to incline up and down, right and left, although it is advantageous to provide hinges on the top, bottom, right and left, hinges (springs) cannot be inserted between the mirrors, and there are hinges only on the top and bottom.

  Nevertheless, in the conventional example, it is necessary to tilt the mirror up, down, right, and left to bend the reflected light in a two-dimensional direction. This is because the output part of the arrayed waveguide grating corresponding to the output port is two-dimensionally arranged in the traveling direction of the optical axis. Thus, in principle, it is necessary to rotate in the biaxial direction regardless of the hinge structure suitable for the rotation in the uniaxial direction, and there is a problem in reliability and the like because excessive stress is applied to the hinge.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wavelength selective switch excellent in reliability and the like, in which an excessive force is not applied to the hinge of the spring at the base of the MEMS mirror. The purpose is to do.

  In order to solve the above problems, the wavelength selective switch of the present invention is characterized by using a combination of a MEMS mirror and a liquid crystal optical switch. That is, in the wavelength selective switch, a MEMS mirror is used to swing the light divided from the diffraction grating for each wavelength to the left and right with respect to the optical axis, and a liquid crystal optical polarization switch is used to swing the light in the vertical direction. To do.

  The wavelength selective switch according to the present invention receives an optical signal from one input port, separates it into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths, and changes the optical axis for the optical signals of each wavelength. The wavelength selection is made to correspond to M (M is an integer of 2 or more) desired output ports, and the optical signals corresponding to each output port are combined from a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths and output from each output port. In the switch, the optical signal incident on the input port is divided into a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths and emitted at an emission angle corresponding to the wavelength, and the optical signal spectrally separated by the spectral means for each wavelength. A 1 × M spatial light switch means for changing a traveling direction for each of the optical signals collected by the light collection means, and the 1 × M spatial light switch means includes: , The collected optical signal is An incident liquid crystal polarization switch unit and an array of MEMS mirrors that reflect an optical signal transmitted through the liquid crystal polarization switch unit.

  In one embodiment, arrayed waveguide gratings stacked in parallel with each other can be used as spectroscopic means. Also, a plurality of arrayed waveguide diffraction gratings can be included in the same substrate.

  In one embodiment, a liquid crystal element having a function of rotating the polarization plane of an optical signal by 0 degrees or 90 degrees, and a birefringent crystal in which an input side surface and an output side surface are not parallel but are inclined at a certain angle; The liquid crystal polarization switch unit can be configured by using one or a plurality of one-input two-output liquid crystal switches configured by using.

  Furthermore, in one embodiment, an array of variable optical attenuators that can change the attenuation of the optical signal of each wavelength can be further provided.

  As described above, according to the present invention, since the MEMS mirror only needs to be swung in the left and right axial directions, an excessive force is not applied to the hinge of the spring at the base of the mirror, and the wavelength selective switch has excellent reliability and the like. Can be provided.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1) Reflective WSS using a combination of liquid crystal and MEMS
3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining a schematic configuration of the wavelength selective switch WSS according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3A is a plan view and FIG. 3B is a side view.

  The wavelength selective switch of the present embodiment includes a PLC (input side AWG 10 and output side AWG 10 ′) including stacked AWGs, a cylindrical lens 20, and a polarization beam displacer (not shown) in order from the input port or output port side. ), A main lens 40, a liquid crystal variable optical attenuator (VOA) 500 through which light transmitted through the main lens 40 is transmitted, a first liquid crystal switch 700, a second liquid crystal switch 800, and a second liquid crystal switch 800. The MEMS mirror 600 which reflects the light which permeate | transmitted, and the fixed mirror 602 are provided.

  In the WSS of this embodiment, the PLC including the AWG includes a PLC substrate (input side AWG) 10 including one AWG on which an input signal is incident, and five AWGs stacked in parallel on the PLC substrate at a predetermined interval. And four PLC boards (output side AWG) 10 '. A cylindrical lens 20 is arranged on the array waveguide side (right side in the figure) of each PLC substrate. A polarization beam displacer is fixed at the end, but it is omitted in this figure. The main lens 40 is fixed to the end.

  The first liquid crystal switch 700, the second liquid crystal switch 800, and the MEMS mirror 600 constitute a spatial light switch unit. The first liquid crystal switch 700 and the second liquid crystal switch 800 (also referred to as a liquid crystal polarization switch unit in this specification) are a liquid crystal element 550 and a polarization splitting crystal 900 that receives light transmitted through the liquid crystal element 550, respectively. The space switch unit steers light emitted from the input side AWG in the vertical direction (PLC stack direction). Further, the MEMS mirror 600 has a function of steering light emitted from the input side AWG in the spatial switch unit only in the wavelength direction (left-right direction (direction in a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction of the PLC)). That is, the MEMS mirror 600 rotates only in one axial direction (in a plane perpendicular to the hinge).

Here, the function and structure of the WSS will be described according to the propagation of the optical signal.
As shown in FIG. 3A, the input-side AWG 10 demultiplexes the incident light into light of different wavelengths and emits the light at different angles depending on the wavelength. Here, a channel corresponding to 40 wavelengths at intervals of 100 GHz from 1530 nm to 1560 nm is assumed. In FIG. 3 (a), only the beam having the minimum wavelength λ ₁ , the center wavelength λ ₂₀ and the maximum wavelength λ ₄₀ is shown.

  The light beam emitted from the input-side AWG passes through the cylindrical lens 20 in order to prevent the light beam from spreading in the vertical direction.

  Next, since the liquid crystal elements constituting the liquid crystal VOA 500, the first liquid crystal switch 700, and the second liquid crystal switch 800 have polarization dependency, the light transmitted through the cylindrical lens 20 at the polarization separation unit is converted into, for example, only a horizontal polarization component. To do. The configuration and principle of this polarization separation unit are shown in FIG. FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration of a polarization beam displacer constituting the polarization separation unit. The polarization beam displacer can be made of a birefringent crystal (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1), and includes a birefringent crystal (polarization separation crystal) 840 and a half-wave plate 850.

  The light incident on the birefringent crystal 840 of the polarization beam displacer has a horizontal polarization component above the output end face of the birefringent crystal 840 and a vertical polarization component below the output end face of the birefringent crystal 840, respectively. Emitted. Here, as shown in FIG. 4, when the half-wave plate 850 is provided in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis so that the main axis is 45 degrees from the horizontal direction, the vertical direction emitted from the birefringent crystal 840 is provided. Are converted into horizontal polarization components and output. Therefore, all the light incident on the polarization beam displacer is output as parallel light having a horizontal component. Since the behavior of the two adjacent beams is exactly the same, it is omitted in the following description and drawings.

  Referring to FIG. 3 again, the light output from the polarization separator passes through the main lens 40 as shown. In the present embodiment, the focal point of the main lens 40 is assumed to be the emission end face of the PLC and the reflection face of the MEMS mirror 60. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 3A, all the light having different emission angles depending on the wavelength becomes light having a parallel central optical axis and enters the liquid crystal VOA 500 to control the intensity.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the liquid crystal VOA 500, FIG. 5A is an enlarged side view of the liquid crystal VOA 500, and FIG. 5B is an enlarged front view of the liquid crystal VOA 500. The liquid crystal VOA 500 has a structure in which a liquid crystal element 550 is sandwiched between two polarizing elements 502. The liquid crystal element 550 has a structure in which the liquid crystal 510 is sandwiched between two glass substrates 504 on which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrode 506 and an alignment film 508 are formed.

  As described above, the optical signal is separated into optical signals of respective wavelengths in the horizontal direction by the input side AWG 10. The locations where the optical signals of the respective wavelengths are incident correspond to the locations of the pixels of the ITO electrode in FIG.

  Here, the principle that the liquid crystal VOA 500 of the present embodiment functions as a variable optical attenuator for optical signals of each wavelength will be described. In the liquid crystal VOA 500 of this embodiment, the liquid crystal element 550 is a twisted nematic liquid crystal element, and the liquid crystal element 550 is sandwiched between the front and rear by a polarizer 502 that transmits only polarized light in the horizontal direction. The liquid crystal VOA 500 applies a desired voltage to the ITO electrode 506 of the transparent conductive film when horizontally polarized light is incident on each pixel, so that the polarization plane of the optical signal is 0 to 90 degrees on the vertical plane with respect to the optical axis. Can rotate up to. Since the polarizer 502 is also provided on the output side, it acts as a variable optical attenuator. Specifically, for example, when the applied voltage to the liquid crystal 510 is increased from 1 V to 5 V, the rotation angle of the incident light changes from 90 degrees to 0 degrees. By adjusting this voltage, the light of each wavelength The transmitted light intensity can be controlled individually for each signal. In this way, the liquid crystal VOA 500 can function as an array of variable optical attenuators that can change the attenuation of the optical signal of each wavelength. In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal VOA 500 is arranged in front of the first liquid crystal SW 700 on the optical path, but may be arranged in front of the second liquid crystal SW 800, and before or after the MEMS mirror 600.

  Thereafter, the light beam is incident on a liquid crystal light polarization switch unit for separating the light beam in the vertical direction for each wavelength ch. As shown in the side view of FIG. 3B, in this embodiment, the light is condensed by the main lens, and the reflection surface of the MEMS mirror 600 becomes a focal point. Therefore, the liquid crystal polarization switch unit has an effect of changing the angle of the optical axis with respect to the incident light.

  With reference to FIG. 6, the principle of changing the angle in the liquid crystal polarization switch unit will be described. FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a polarization splitting crystal 900 that constitutes a part of the first liquid crystal switch 700 and the second liquid crystal switch 800. Here, a birefringent crystal YVO4 is used as an example of the polarization separation crystal. Here, the refractive index in the horizontal direction of the birefringent crystal YVO4 is n (//) = 1.9447, and the refractive index in the vertical direction is n = 2.1486. If the incident surface on which the light of the birefringent crystal YVO4 is incident is perpendicular to the optical path and the output surface to be output is inclined with respect to the incident surface as shown in the figure, the output is made according to the direction of the input polarized light according to Snell's law. The angle shifts. Therefore, in the liquid crystal element 550 arranged in the preceding stage of the birefringent crystal, the first as a 1 × 2 optical switch that changes the emission angle by controlling the polarization direction of the light incident on the birefringent crystal to 0 or 90 degrees. The first liquid crystal switch 700 and the second liquid crystal switch 800 can function.

  FIG. 6B is a graph in which the refraction angle of each polarization (horizontal and vertical) of the optical axis with respect to the offset angle of the exit surface of the birefringent crystal YVO4 of FIG. 6A is calculated. By adjusting the offset angle in this way, the refraction angle of each polarized light can be changed to a desired value, and the refraction angle difference between the vertical light and the horizontal light (in FIG. 6B, a dotted line). (Shown) also increases uniformly. In this embodiment, an angle is given to the optical axis by this liquid crystal light polarization switch section. Here, since the reflection surface of the MEMS mirror 600 is at the focal position, the light parallel to the incident light returns in the main lens 40 regardless of the reflection angle. That is, the change in the reflection angle by the liquid crystal light polarization switch unit corresponds to the shift amount from the central axis of the main lens 40. Therefore, by adjusting the angle of the MEMS mirror 600, the switched light can be returned to any AWG by adjusting the shift amount in parallel with the incident light, and thus can function as an optical switch.

  Here, the incident surface of the birefringent crystal YVO4 is not completely perpendicular to the optical path of the incident light but is inclined so as to obtain desired characteristics. The angle of the MEMS mirror 600 itself is set in consideration of the output port. Since the optical signal is separated into each wavelength ch by the AWG in the horizontal direction, if the ITO electrode 506 of the liquid crystal element is separated and arranged in accordance with each wavelength ch, the first liquid crystal SW700 and the second liquid crystal SW800. Each can function as a 1 × 2 switch for each wavelength.

  For example, a 1 × 4 optical switch can be configured by combining this in a cascade. Note that the change in the emission angle depends on the inclination of the emission surface. Therefore, a 1 × 4 switch can be configured by changing the switching angle of the first liquid crystal switch 700 and the switching angle of the second liquid crystal switch 800. For example, by providing a large switching angle with the first liquid crystal switch 700 and a smaller switching angle with the second liquid crystal switch 800, a 1 × 4 switch can be configured. Even if the angle of the optical axis is changed, the mirror surface is the focal point of the lens, so the main lens becomes parallel light, and the angle change given by the liquid crystal polarization switch section proceeds from right to left. After passing through the main lens 40, it corresponds to the shift amount in the vertical direction.

  In this 1 × 4 WSS, the refraction angle is determined only by the offset angle of the birefringent crystal and does not depend on the crystal thickness. Therefore, the crystal can be thinned as much as possible, and the distance between the liquid crystal element 550 and the MEMS mirror 600 can be reduced. This corresponds to the fact that there is little defocusing in the liquid crystal element, and the characteristic is that the transmission band of the optical signal of each wavelength is wide.

  In this embodiment, since the output side AWGs are arranged in the plane of each substrate, it is necessary to steer the optical axis at an angle of ± several degrees in the horizontal direction. For this reason, an array of MEMS mirrors 600 is used. The array of the MEMS mirror 600 of the present embodiment can have the same configuration as the MEMS mirror array described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the corresponding wavelength ch is focused on each mirror. Therefore, the light can be switched to the horizontal AWG by swinging the mirror surface in one axial direction (within the vertical plane with respect to the hinge). For example, the dotted line in FIG. 3A is an example in which light of λ20 is emitted to the second AWG from the top in the figure.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 3B, unlike the conventional example, the reflection of light is a combination of a MEMS mirror and a fixed mirror. The reason for this is that if the light from the MEMS mirror passes through the liquid crystal element again, when the angle is shifted by the MEMS in the horizontal direction, the light is applied to the adjacent ITO pixel and the operation is hindered. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, the light reflected by the MEMS mirror is shifted upward so as not to pass through each liquid crystal element.

  Here, the superiority of the present embodiment over the conventional example (Patent Document 1) will be described. First, in the MEMS mirror array used in these WSSs, mirrors corresponding to the number of wavelength channels are arranged without gaps as shown in FIG. 2, and hinges (springs that support the mirrors) are attached to the top and bottom of the mirrors. The reason for this structure is that the light divided for each wavelength from the diffraction grating is incident on the mirror surface AA ′, that is, A-A ′ directly corresponds to the wavelength axis of the wavelength spectrum of the light. As a result, a gap is formed in the wavelength spectrum of the emitted light by the gap between the mirrors. The wider the transmission band for each channel, the smaller the high-speed signal loss and the better the characteristics. Therefore, the gap cannot be reduced. Therefore, a hinge (spring) cannot be inserted between the mirrors, and there are hinges only on the top and bottom. Therefore, considering the structure of the spring, it is suitable not to twist and move the mirror left and right in FIG. 2, but it is not structurally suitable to twist the mirror so as to bend the light in the vertical direction.

  On the other hand, in the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3B, vertical switching is performed by the first liquid crystal switch and the second liquid crystal switch, and only horizontal switching is performed by the MEMS mirror. Therefore, the springs above and below the mirror just twist and do not move excessively. Therefore, the conventional MEMS mirror (1) requires a large electrostatic force, (2) 2-axis analog control itself is difficult, and (3) the stress on the hinge increases, causing fatigue failure during rotation. It had the disadvantage that the property was inferior. In other words, the spring needs to be controlled in two axes even though the spring is only in one axis. In the present embodiment, those drawbacks are eliminated as described above.

  In the present embodiment, light of each wavelength whose angle is shifted by the MEMS mirror can pass through the fixed mirror 602 and the main lens 40 and be incident on an arbitrary output of the five-array AWG that is stacked four times. . In each AWG, all wavelengths are combined and output. As a result, 1 × 20 WSS can be realized with a smaller number of PLC stacks.

  In the present embodiment, an example in which one spherical lens is used as the main lens 40 has been described. However, in consideration of aberrations, other lenses, aspherical lenses, best focus lenses, or combinations of two or more lenses, For example, an aromatic lens or the like may be used.

  Note that although a configuration example of 1 × 20 WSS is shown here, a configuration of 20 × 1 WSS in which the traveling direction of light is reversed is of course possible.

  Further, although an example of 1 × 20 WSS is shown, a larger WSS can be configured by increasing the number of AWG arrays in one PLC or the number of stacks of PLCs in the vertical direction.

  The present embodiment is merely a typical example, and is not limited to the present embodiment as long as it has the same configuration and the same functional block.

It is a figure for demonstrating schematic structure of the conventional wavelength selective switch, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. It is a figure for demonstrating schematic structure of the MEMS mirror used for a wavelength selective switch. It is a figure for demonstrating schematic structure of the wavelength selective switch which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of operation of the liquid crystal switch used for the wavelength selective switch which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating schematic structure of the liquid crystal optical variable attenuator (liquid crystal VOA) used for the wavelength selective switch which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (a) is a side view, (b) is a front view. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of operation of the liquid crystal switch used for the wavelength selective switch which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (a) is a figure for demonstrating the polarization split crystal which comprises a part of liquid crystal switch. (B) is a graph in which the refraction angle of each polarization (horizontal and vertical) on the optical axis is calculated with respect to the offset angle of the exit surface when the birefringent crystal YVO4 is used as the polarization separation crystal.

Explanation of symbols

10, 10 'Optical waveguide substrate 20 Cylindrical lens 40 Main lens 500 Liquid crystal VOA
600 MEMS mirror 700,800 Liquid crystal switch

Claims (9)

Optical signals are input from one input port and separated into a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths, and M (M is 2 or more) by changing the optical axis for the optical signals of each wavelength. A plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths are combined to output from each output port, and one input port and M output ports. A wavelength selective switch having:
A spectroscopic unit that splits an optical signal incident on the input port into a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths and emits the optical signal at an emission angle corresponding to the wavelength;
Condensing means for condensing the optical signals spectrally separated for each wavelength by the spectroscopic means;
1 × M spatial light switch means for changing the traveling direction for each of the optical signals collected by the light collecting means,
The 1 × M spatial light switch means includes:
A liquid crystal polarization switch unit on which the collected optical signal is incident;
A wavelength selective switch comprising: an MEMS mirror array for reflecting an optical signal transmitted through the liquid crystal polarization switch unit.   2. The wavelength selective switch according to claim 1, wherein an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating is used as the spectroscopic means.   3. The wavelength selective switch according to claim 2, wherein the arrayed waveguide diffraction gratings are stacked in parallel to each other.   The wavelength selective switch according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the arrayed waveguide diffraction gratings are included in the same substrate.   The wavelength selective switch according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal polarization switch unit includes one or a plurality of one-input two-output liquid crystal switches. An optical signal input from one input port is divided into a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths, and M (M is 2 or more) by changing the optical axis for the optical signals of different wavelengths. 1 input port and M outputs in which a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths are combined and output from each output port. A wavelength selective switch having a port,
An input-side substrate including an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating that corresponds to the input port and that splits an optical signal incident on the input port into a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths and emits the optical signal at an output angle corresponding to the wavelength, and the input side An output-side substrate including an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating corresponding to each of the output ports mounted so that the substrate surfaces overlap each other on the substrate;
Condensing means for condensing the optical signals dispersed for each wavelength by the arrayed waveguide grating,
1 × M spatial light switch means for changing the traveling direction for each of the optical signals collected by the light collecting means,
The 1 × M spatial light switch means includes:
One or more one-input two-output liquid crystal switches for switching light in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface of the input-side substrate;
A wavelength selective switch comprising: an MEMS mirror array for switching light in a direction parallel to a substrate surface of the input side substrate.   7. The wavelength selective switch according to claim 1, further comprising an array of variable optical attenuators capable of changing the attenuation of the optical signal of each wavelength.   The 1-input 2-output liquid crystal switch has a function of rotating a polarization plane of an optical signal by 0 degrees or 90 degrees, and an input side surface and an output side surface which are not parallel but inclined at a certain angle. The wavelength selective switch according to claim 5, wherein the wavelength selective switch is configured using a refractive crystal.   9. The wavelength selective switch according to claim 1, wherein the optical signal travels in a reverse direction, inputs light from the output port, and outputs light from the optical input port. A wavelength selective switch having M input ports and one output port.

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