JP2009036838A - Musical interval display device and musical interval display program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display means by which a user can correctly and easily recognize musical intervals of his voice or sound of instrument played by the user related to another voice or sound. <P>SOLUTION: The musical interval display device 1 for displaying the musical intervals on a display 4 detects the musical interval between a plurality of voices input from a microphone 6 or the musical interval of the input voice related to a reference sound, and then, displays the musical interval by one bar graph 13. A musical interval scale used for the display of the bar graph 13 comprises a first scale having an interval according to a previously set tune (temperament) and a second scale according to another tune (pure major scale etc.) different from the tune of the first scale. The first scale and the second scale are displayed on a single screen so that they may be compared with each other. The musical interval displayed by the bar graph 13 denotes a pitch difference shown by the basic frequencies of the plurality of voices. A scale 14 corresponds to the tune selected out of a plurality of tunes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a pitch display device and a pitch display program, and in particular, a pitch display device and a pitch display program capable of easily and accurately displaying a pitch of a sound generated by a singer or a musical instrument player input from a microphone. About.

Self-study devices that practice singing or playing musical instruments are known. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-325744 proposes a pitch practice device that can determine the pitch of a sound generated by a singer or a musical instrument player and display the accuracy. This pitch practice device extracts a plurality of fundamental frequencies by performing frequency analysis on the sound input from the microphone, and displays the pitch based on the ratio value between the extracted fundamental frequencies whose values are adjacent to each other.
JP 2004-325744 A

  Since the pitches of a plurality of singing sounds or musical instrument performance sounds vary and change randomly, it is difficult to display the pitch smoothly, or to identify accurate pitches in various temperaments other than just the temperament from the display.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and can display a pitch and a pitch display that can accurately and easily display the pitch of a singer or instrument player with respect to a reference tone or a tone generated by a third party. The purpose is to provide a program.

The pitch display device and the pitch display program of the present invention for solving the above problems and achieving the object have the following features (1) to (7).
(1) In the display of a plurality of pitches on the screen, a first scale having an interval according to a preset temperament and another temperament different from the tune of the first scale A pitch scale composed of a second scale is displayed on one screen so that the first scale and the second scale can be compared with each other, and the pitch of the plurality of sounds is displayed using the pitch scale. A point that displays a bar graph with a length corresponding to.
(2) The pitch displayed by the bar graph is a difference in pitch expressed by the fundamental frequencies of the plurality of sounds.
(3) One of the plurality of sounds is a preset reference sound, and the displayed pitch is relative to the reference sound.
(4) The second scales have different temperaments.
(5) Of the first scale and the second scale, at least the second scale is selected from a plurality of temperaments.
(6) The first scale follows the equal temperament.
(7) The plurality of sounds are any one of a sound uttered by a person and an instrument sound.

  According to the present invention having the feature (1), the pitch of a plurality of sounds can be displayed as a pitch of various temperaments by a single bar graph, so that a speaker such as a singer can have a more accurate pitch that matches the performance style and music. Can be recognized. In addition, since the pitches of a plurality of sounds can be displayed with high accuracy, a display suitable for training a sense of harmony pitch can be performed.

  According to the present invention having the feature (2), since the pitch is represented by the fundamental frequency, a shift with respect to an accurate pitch can be accurately recognized as compared with the case where the pitch is shown for each semitone.

  According to the present invention having the feature (3), for example, when the reference sound generated by the computer is one sound and the learner's voice generated for this sound is the other sound, learning is performed. A person can recognize the pitches of these sounds as having various temperaments with a single bar graph.

  According to the present invention having the characteristics (4) and (5), it is possible to display a pitch according to more temperaments with one bar graph.

  According to the present invention having the feature (6), by using the first temperament adapted to the actual performance as the first scale, a display device for pitch training suitable for learners in a wider range of levels or A display program can be provided.

  According to the present invention having the feature (7), both the learner of singing and the learner of playing the musical instrument can use the pitch display device and the pitch display program for pitch sense training.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of a personal computer as a pitch display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a personal computer (hereinafter referred to as “personal computer”) 1 includes a personal computer main body 2, an input device 3 such as a keyboard and a mouse, a display 4, a speaker 5, and a microphone 6. Note that the personal computer main body 2, the input device 3, the display 4, the speaker 5, and the microphone 6 may be independent from each other, or may be an integrated notebook personal computer or the like.

  The personal computer main body 2 includes a CPU 20, a ROM 21, a RAM 22, a CD-ROM driver 23 and a sound source 24, and an input / output interface 25. The sound source 24 is a sound device such as a MIDI sound source or a sound card. The input / output interface 25 includes an output terminal for the speaker 5 and also includes an input terminal for connecting the microphone 6. A pitch display program executed by this pitch display device is recorded on a CD-ROM as a recording medium, and is taken into the personal computer main body 2 using the CD-ROM driver 23.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating main functions of the pitch display device. In the figure, a pitch display device 7 includes an A / D converter 8, a signal processing unit 9, a display processing unit 10, and a reference sound generation unit 11. The signal processing unit 9 includes a Fourier transform unit 91 and a fundamental frequency extraction unit 92. The display processing unit 10 includes a function of converting the fundamental frequency extracted by the fundamental frequency extraction unit 92 into a signal that can display the fundamental frequency on a bar graph (described later) on the display 4. The reference sound generating unit 11 has a function of outputting the name of the reference sound at random. Although not shown, it is a matter of course that a signal conversion unit that converts the floor name output from the reference sound generation unit 12 into a signal suitable for output from the display 4 or the speaker 5 is provided.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a processing example of the CPU 22 according to the pitch display apparatus having the above configuration. First, in step S1, the reference sound generator 12 is energized and the name of the reference sound is output. The display 4 displays the floor name of the reference sound, and the speaker 5 generates sound using the sound source 24 based on the floor name. In step S <b> 2, after a predetermined time has elapsed until the reference sound is displayed and sounded, a signal input from the microphone 6 (sound produced by the learner) is taken into the Fourier transform unit 91 via the A / D converter 8. .

  In step S3, the fundamental frequency of the captured signal is extracted using the Fourier transform unit 91 and the fundamental frequency extraction unit 92. The Fourier transform unit 91 decomposes the input signal into a fundamental frequency and a harmonic. The fundamental frequency extraction unit 92 compares the signal level for each angular frequency resolved by the fast Fourier transform, detects a peak having the highest level, that is, power, and sets the frequency corresponding to the peak as the fundamental frequency.

  In step S4, the display processing unit 10 is used to convert the fundamental frequency detected in step S3 into a signal for graphical display. In step S5, the fundamental frequency is displayed on the display 4.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pitch display displayed on the display 4. In FIG. 1, a bar graph 13 extending horizontally in the center and a scale 14 used for displaying the bar graph 13 are shown. The scale 14 has a scale of semitones of equal temperament drawn at the center (a line drawn at equal intervals so as to be orthogonal to the direction in which the bar graph 13 extends), and further, the scale of the tempered scale of the central part. On the upper and lower sides, scales of various genuine pitches calculated with an integer ratio different from the equal temperament are displayed. In this example, the upper scale is added with the genuine scale of the major scale (displayed with a white triangle), and the lower section is added with the genuine minor scale of the natural scale (displayed with a filled triangle). ing. The central temperament memory that can be used by these bar graphs 13 and the scales added up and down may be fixed or may be any scale according to the instruction of the learner.

  The bar graph 13 displays the fundamental frequency extracted in step S3 based on the signal processed in step S4, and the pitch (displayed as a difference in fundamental frequency in FIG. 1) with respect to the sound generated by the sound source 24 is displayed on the left side. It is shown as a graph extending from to the right. Here, the reference sound is “do” of equal temperament, and the scale is engraved starting from “do”. Not only the reference sound but also the scale of the equal temperament may start from “do”, or the scale may start from another sound depending on the range of the generated reference sound.

  The scale of the major scale of this display is set with the sound of “do” (indicated by the symbol d) being the main tone of the major scale as the starting point. The major scale “do” corresponds to the natural minor scale “le” sound (indicated by the symbol “l”), so the natural minor scale scale is set with the “le” sound as the starting point.

  In the example of FIG. 1, the pitch display area 15 is provided so that the current pitch can be displayed together with the display of the bar graph 13. In this example, “long 3 degrees” is displayed. In this example, it can be seen that the fundamental frequency of the sound input from the microphone 6 is in the vicinity of the fifth line L5 of the equal temperament, that is, the scale of “Mi”, and is about 3 degrees long with respect to the main sound.

  In addition, from the display of FIG. 1, the learner can confirm that the fundamental frequency extracted in step S3 is a length of 3 degrees of equal temperament, and a genuine length 3 represented by a frequency ratio of 4: 5. It is also possible to recognize the degree and the pitch in the natural minor scale.

  It is preferable to provide a temperament selection button 16 and a confirmation button 17 so that the learner can indicate the scale of the equal temperament and the scales added above and below it respectively. Each time the temperament selection button 16 is pressed, a plurality of preset temperament candidate scales are sequentially added to the display area of the bar graph 13 and the display area above or below it. Then, when the confirm button 17 is pressed, the scale is confirmed. Each time the temperament selection button 16 is pressed, the scales of the temperament candidates are sequentially added to the display area of the scale different from the one determined immediately before. Then, the confirmation button 17 is pressed to confirm the scale. Note that only the scales displayed in the display area of the bar graph 13 in the center may be fixed to those of equal temperament.

  Next, an example of the procedure for displaying the pitch in FIG. 1 will be described. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of a bar graph and scale display program for displaying the reference frequency in step S5. In step S10, a scale display area (a frame 18 in which scales are displayed according to a plurality of temperament in FIG. 1 and two horizontally long lines in the center of the frame 18 that divides an area in which the bar graph 13 is displayed) is displayed. Here, a temperament selection button 16 and a confirmation button 17 are also displayed. In step S11, a scale according to the equal temperament is displayed on the scale 14 as the first pitch scale. In step S12, a pitch scale different from the scale corresponding to the first scale is displayed as the second scale on the upper or lower side of the area where the bar graph 13 is displayed as a second scale. In step S13, it is determined whether or not there is an instruction to switch the scale using the temperament selection button 16. If there is a scale switching instruction, in step S14, a plurality of preset temperaments are sequentially displayed for each instruction. In step S15, it is determined whether or not the confirm button 17 has been pressed. When the confirm button 17 is pressed, the fundamental frequency as a pitch with respect to the reference sound is displayed as a bar graph 13 on the screen on which the scale is displayed.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the above example, the number of practitioners is one, and the extracted fundamental frequency is displayed as a pitch with respect to the main sound. In contrast, in the second embodiment, the fundamental frequency is displayed so that the pitch of a harmony sound by two people can be recognized. When two people utter a harmony sound, the sound collected by the microphone 6 includes two fundamental frequencies. Therefore, the fundamental frequency extraction unit 92 shown in FIG. 3 is modified to have a function of extracting these two fundamental frequencies.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the main functions of the pitch display device according to the second embodiment, and the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 denote the same or equivalent parts. In FIG. 5, a frequency interpolation unit 93 is provided in the signal processing unit 9A. The fundamental frequency extraction unit 92 compares the audio signal level for each frequency resolved by the fast Fourier transform, and detects two peaks having the highest level, that is, power. Here, two peaks are detected corresponding to a harmony signal by two people. Each frequency of the detected peak is referred to as “temporary fundamental frequency” of the harmony signal.

  The frequency interpolation unit 93 detects frequencies adjacent to the two temporary fundamental frequencies, and interpolates the temporary fundamental frequency and the adjacent frequencies. This interpolation is performed for the following reason. In general, in the fast Fourier transform, the resolution in the frequency direction is determined by the length of the analysis time window, that is, the number of points. For example, when the sampling frequency is 48 KHz, the frequency resolution becomes 23 Hz when fast Fourier transform is performed with 2048 points. With this resolution, a frequency difference between semitones, for example, a frequency difference of 15.5 Hz between C3 and C3 # cannot be determined. Therefore, the frequency interpolation unit 93 supplements the low frequency resolution of the Fourier transform by interpolating the two frequencies, and extracts an accurate fundamental frequency (referred to as a “true fundamental frequency” with respect to the provisional fundamental frequency). As an interpolation method, for example, a complex spectrum interpolation method can be used. Note that the basic frequency interpolation method using the complex spectrum interpolation method is not a main part of the present invention but is also well known, and will not be described. For example, the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 and bit ( Bit) Pages 32 to 41 of a separate volume (issued September 9, 1987), and Hara and Iguchi: Frequency Identification Using Complex Spectrum, Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, Vol. 19, no. 9 (1983). This interpolation method can also be applied to the first embodiment.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a pitch display related to a harmony sound displayed on the display 4, and the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or equivalent parts. The

  The bar graph 13 represents the pitches of two true fundamental frequencies extracted by the fundamental frequency extraction unit 92 and interpolated by adjacent frequencies by the frequency interpolation unit 93. The lower end (left end in the figure) 13a of the bar graph 13 indicating the pitch of the fundamental frequency indicates the true fundamental frequency of the low-pitched sound of the harmony sound, and the upper end (right end in the figure) 13b of the bar graph 13 is the sum. The true fundamental frequency of the high-pitched sound is shown.

  The learner who has seen the bar graph 13 in FIG. 7 indicates that the sound on the low pitch side is the sound of “So” of the equal temperament (indicated by the symbol s), and the sound on the high pitch side is the sound of “S” of the average temperament. It can be recognized that. Then, it can be simultaneously recognized by the scales added to the upper and lower parts of the bar graph 13 what pitches these notes are in the genuine tone of the major scale and the natural minor scale. In the example of FIG. 7, the fundamental frequency of the sound input from the microphone 6 is the vicinity of the eighth line L8 of equal temperament, that is, the scale of “So”, and the twelfth scale L12 of average temperament, that is, near the scale of “shi”. It can be seen that the pitch of the sound represented by both fundamental frequencies is approximately 3 degrees long. Accordingly, the pitch display display area 15 shows the pitch “long” of “so” and “shi”.

  As shown in the above-described embodiment, according to the present invention, the fundamental frequency of the sound uttered by the learner is displayed in association with the pitch on the bar graph in which the pitch scales based on a plurality of pitches are attached to one screen. Therefore, while checking the pitch on each scale, you can acquire a more accurate pitch that matches the performance style and music.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the main scale for the bar graph 13 is equal temperament, but is not limited to this. For example, the pitch scale of the major scale may be mainly used, and the pitch scale of the equal temperament may be arbitrarily added by the learner. Further, the bar graph 13 and the pitch scale are not limited to being displayed horizontally on the screen, but may be displayed vertically. Moreover, when displaying the pitch of a harmony, according to the range which a several learner utters, the floor name added to the scale may be changed and the range displayed on the screen may be changed substantially.

  Further, the present invention can be applied not only to the pitch of a human voice but also to the pitch of a musical instrument sound in the same manner as in the above embodiment.

It is a figure which shows an example of the pitch display screen which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the pitch display apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the principal part function of a pitch display apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the program of the pitch display process which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the pitch display program which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the principal part function of the pitch display apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the pitch display screen which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Pitch display apparatus, 2 ... PC main body, 4 ... Display, 5 ... Speaker, 6 ... Microphone, 9 ... Signal processing part, 11 ... Reference sound generation part, 13 ... Bar graph, 14 ... Pitch scale, 15 ... Pitch display area , 16 ... Temperament selection buttons

Claims (14)

In a pitch display device that displays multiple pitches on the screen,
A pitch scale composed of a first scale having an interval according to a preset scale and a second scale according to another scale different from the scale of the first scale, the first scale and A scale display means for displaying on a single screen so that the second scales can be compared with each other;
A pitch display device comprising bar graph display means for displaying a single bar graph having a length corresponding to the pitch of the plurality of sounds using the pitch scale.   The pitch display device according to claim 1, wherein the pitch displayed by the bar graph is a pitch difference represented by a fundamental frequency of the plurality of sounds.   3. The pitch display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of sounds is a preset reference sound, and a displayed pitch is relative to the reference sound.   The pitch display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of the second scales are displayed corresponding to different temperaments.   2. The temperament selecting means for selecting the temperament is provided, wherein at least the second graduated one of the first and second scales is selected from a plurality of temperaments. The pitch display apparatus in any one of -4.   The pitch display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first scale is displayed at intervals according to a uniform temperament.   The pitch display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of sounds are any one of a sound uttered by a person and a musical instrument sound. In a pitch display program that is executed on a computer and displays a plurality of pitches on a screen,
On the computer,
Adding a first scale according to a preset temperament;
Adding a second scale with a different temperament from the first scale;
A pitch display program for executing a procedure of displaying one bar graph having a length corresponding to the pitch of the plurality of sounds using the first and second scales.   9. The pitch display program according to claim 8, wherein the pitch displayed by the bar graph is a pitch difference represented by a fundamental frequency of the plurality of sounds.   10. A pitch display program according to claim 8, wherein one of the plurality of sounds is a preset reference sound, and a displayed pitch is relative to the reference sound.   The pitch display program according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein in the procedure of adding the second scale on both sides of the bar graph in the width direction, each of them has a different temperament.   9. The temperament selection procedure for selecting the temperament is provided, wherein at least the second metric is selected from a plurality of temperaments among the first and second scales. The pitch display program in any one of -11.   The pitch display program according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the first scale is displayed according to equal temperament.   The pitch display program according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the plurality of sounds are any one of a sound uttered by a person and an instrument sound.

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