JP2009028551A - 多機能エアウェイアダプタ - Google Patents
多機能エアウェイアダプタ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009028551A JP2009028551A JP2008234814A JP2008234814A JP2009028551A JP 2009028551 A JP2009028551 A JP 2009028551A JP 2008234814 A JP2008234814 A JP 2008234814A JP 2008234814 A JP2008234814 A JP 2008234814A JP 2009028551 A JP2009028551 A JP 2009028551A
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- airway adapter
- window
- infrared
- luminescent material
- radiation
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
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- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
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Abstract
【解決手段】呼気流は、多様な入口条件下にある差圧流量計を用いて、位相のずれ及び気道のデッドスペースを最小化するように改良されたセンサ構造を介して監視される。分子酸素濃度はルミネセンス消光技術を利用して監視される。赤外線吸収技術を利用して二酸化炭素、亜酸化窒素及び麻酔薬のいずれか1個以上が監視される。
【選択図】 図1
Description
患者の気道と連通し、患者の呼気中のガス或いは気体等の物質を監視するように構成された多様なセンサは本技術分野において公知である。分子酸素、二酸化炭素、及び亜酸化窒素を含む麻酔薬は、公知のセンサを利用して検出される種類の物質である。
b)流量及びガス濃度の測定を結合する際に同期を困難にする可変遅延の導入
c)低域通過フィルタリングに起因する信号信頼率の損失
d)麻酔薬、血液、分泌物等を含む排出物の処置
主流センサを利用して呼吸及び麻酔ガスを監視する方法により、特にガス及び流量、及び/又は圧力信号を結合する場合に、副流センサに関連する問題を解決する可能性がある。
赤外線吸収は、患者の呼気中の二酸化炭素、亜酸化窒素及びその他の麻酔薬等の気体を検出し監視するためにこれまで採用されてきた。赤外線吸収技術では、1つ以上の波長及び周知の強度を有する赤外線が呼気の流れに向けられる。このような放射線の波長は分析されるガスに基づいて選択され、各ガスは放射線の1つ以上の特定の波長を吸収する。呼気の流れを通過する放射線は典型的には減衰放射線と呼ばれ、その強度は測定され、流れに放射された周知の放射線の強度と比較される。このような強度の比較によって、各分析ガスにより吸収された各波長の放射線量に関する情報が得られ、これにより生体の呼気中におけるその気体の量(すなわち濃度或いは割合)に関する情報が得られる。
は、典型的には赤外線を放射する供給源を含む。放射された赤外線は鏡により焦点が合わせられてビームとなる。ビームは分析されるガスの標本を通過して伝送される。ガスを通過した後、赤外線ビームはフィルタを通過する。対象である気体により吸収された周波数に対応する狭帯域の放射線を除き、フィルタは全ての放射線を反射する。このような放射線の狭帯域は検出器に伝送され、検出器に衝突した赤外線の強度の大きさに比例する大きさの電気出力信号が出力される。フィルタを通過する放射線の強度は対象であるガスの濃度に比例して減衰するので、検出器から出力される信号の強度は対象であるガスの濃度に反比例する。
ルミネセンス消光は気体中の酸素濃度を測定するために利用されてきた技術である。ルミネセンス消光技術を利用して酸素濃度を測定する際には、ルミネセンスを示す材料が励起されることによりルミネセンスが発生する。ルミネセンス材料を酸素を含む気体混合物に接触させると、ルミネセンス材料と接触する酸素の量(すなわち濃度或いは比率)或いは気体混合物中の酸素量に応じてルミネセンスが消光される。従って、ルミネセンス材料におけるルミネセンス量の減少率つまりルミネセンスの消光(即ち、ルミネセンス材料により放射された光量)は、気体混合物中の酸素量に対応する。
集中治療環境における麻酔処理や、トレーニングプログラム及び医学テストの前及びその間に運動選手並びに他の個体の身体状況を監視する際には、呼気流量が測定されることにより、肺機能及び呼吸回路の結合性を評価する貴重な情報が提供される。重要な治療環境における要求を満たす流量計を形成するために、多様な技術が採用されてきた。これまで利用されてきた流量測定への取り組みには以下のものがある。
2)回転羽根:流路に配置された羽根の回転を計数
3)熱線風速計:線材の周囲を通過する気流による加熱線材の冷却を測定
4)超音波ドップラー法:超音波ビームが流通する気体を通過する際の周波数の変移を測定
5)渦の発生:気体が流路に配置された支柱を通過する時に発生する渦の数を計数
6)飛行時間:下流に配置されたセンサの上流に形成される音或いは熱の衝撃の到達時間を測定
上述の各方法には利点も欠点もあり、上記装置の殆どに対する優れた論考は、W.J.
サリバン(Sullivan),G.M.ピータ(Peter),P.L.エンライト(Enright)医師著「呼気流量計:論理及び臨床応用」呼吸治療、1984年7月、Vol.29−7 第736頁〜49頁、及びC.レーダ(Rader)著 呼気流量計
心肺技術会議のカリフォルニア協会において発表されたパーキン・エルマー団体のレポート 1982年10月に記載されている。
透過させるものでなければならない。従って、窓の材料は適切な光学特性を有するものでなければならない。窓の材料として好適なものにはサファイア及び二軸延伸ポリプロピレンが含まれるが、それらに限定されるべきではない。窓が略同軸線上に配置されることにより、赤外線ビームは赤外線源から室及びその室を流通するガスを横切り、赤外線検出器まで移動する。代わりに、エアウェイアダプタは単一の窓及び鏡や反射被覆膜などの反射部材を含む。これらの部材により赤外線は室に向けられてその室を横切り、且つ赤外線は反射されて再度室を横切った後に室外に出されて赤外線検出器に到達する。検出器からの信号により、室を流通する二酸化炭素、亜酸化窒素、及び麻酔薬等の呼気中に存在する1種類以上のガスの量(即ち濃度或いは率)を決定する。
内挿入管よりも非侵襲的なその他の装置に接続される。エアウェイアダプタ20は機械式換気装置に接続される必要はなく、呼気の供給源(例えば酸素供給源)に接続されてもよいし、或いは患者の周囲の空気と直接連通してもよい。図示されているように、第1及び第2管状部24、26は直径が可変であるとともに略円形断面を有するボアを備えており、管状部24、26の間にはガス濃度監視部28が配置されている。第2管状部26は呼気流監視装置30を収容している。
素或いはその他の分析される物質(例えば気体、液体、或いは蒸気)と接触すると消光される他種類の周知のルミネセンス材料もまた、本発明の教示を具体化したエアウェイアダプタに利用することができる。
2は例えば薄膜236を形成するポリマーと同種類のポリマーにより形成され、或いは薄膜236を形成するポリマーと異なる種類のポリマーにより形成される。保護層242により個体の呼気中のガスとルミネセンス材料232との接触が実質的に妨げられることはない。保護層242はまた、薄膜236の光吸収特性、薄膜236の光伝達特性、薄膜236の種々のガスに対する透過性等、薄膜236の種々の特性を改良或いは調整する。保護層242を薄膜236の特性を調整するために利用する一例として、より透過性の低い材料により形成された保護層242を薄膜236に適用することにより、薄膜236の酸素或いは他の呼気に対する透過性を低下させる技術が挙げられる。
22をエアウェイアダプタ20に図1の矢印38に示す横方向に確実に配置する。矢印38はまた、トランスデューサハウジング22が移動させられてエアウェイアダプタ20に取り外し可能に組み付けられる方向を示す。一実施形態では、858号特許及び859号特許に開示されているように、トランスデューサハウジング22はエアウェイアダプタ20の所定位置に取り付けられ、エアウェイアダプタ20とトランスデューサハウジング22を組み付け、或いはトランスデューサハウジング22をエアウェイアダプタ20から取り外す際には工具を必要としない。
ハウジング22’’の別の実施形態を示す。
エアウェイアダプタ20’’はその上部を貫通するように形成された窓234を含む。窓234は流通路34内において窓234の付近に配置された薄膜236上のルミネセンス材料232を励起するために利用される放射線の波長に対して透過的である(すなわち透過率が高い)。加えて、窓234はルミネセンス材料232から放射されて、個体の呼気中或いは他のガス混合物中にある分析物質の量に対応して分析物質により消光される放射線の1波長以上に対して透過的である。
光学素子41は1個以上の鏡或いは反射被覆物をその他の周知の光学部品(例えばレンズ、フィルタ等)と共に含み、トランスデューサハウジング22’’’内において赤外線
エミッタ252から発生させられ且つエアウェイアダプタ20’’’の流通路34に導入された放射線ビームは、流通路34を戻るように横切り、窓40を通り、トランスデューサハウジング22’’’により保持され且つ赤外線エミッタ252の近くに配置された赤外線検出器254まで向けられる。
される放射線の1波長以上を放射する。図示するように、赤外線エミッタ252は放射線の1波長以上を窓40’に向け、流通路34’を少なくとも部分的に通過させて鏡41’に到達させるように配置される。その後、鏡41’は放射線の1波長以上を窓40’の位置に向けて戻し、そこで放射線は赤外線検出器254により受光或いは感知される。
支柱44は圧力ポート62、66の場所を備えるとともに、流通ガスの速度プロフィールを調節する。支柱44は管状ハウジング46の内壁48から隔てられており、その両端が内壁48に固定されている。
流通阻害物76は特定の流速において測定された差圧を異なる大きさで生じさせるように様々な方法に変更させられる。第1に、規制部(隆起部或いはランド)90の断面部分は軸Aと直行する平面において増加或いは減少させられる。また、第1圧力ポート62の中央部から切り込み58の背面78までの距離、及び同様に第2圧力ポート66の中央部から切り込み60の背面80までの距離は、流通応答特性を変更するように変化させられる。特定の流速における差圧信号の大きさは、管状ハウジング46の内壁48の直径を減少させてボア断面部分を減少させることにより増加させることができる。
アダプタ20’を射出成形により形成するように壁寸法を均一にする。
呼気流量監視装置110は図17に最も明確に図示されており、管状部104の第1管状室124に開口する第1管腔122の第1圧力ポートと、第2管状室130に開口する第2管腔128の第2圧力ポート126とを含む。管腔122、128はそれぞれ第1及び第2凹部132、134まで延出し、凹部132、134はデッドスペースを最小にし
、且つ符号T1,T2が付されて破線により示された接続管を収容する。管T1,T2は、検出された圧力ポート125、126間の差圧から流量を決定する流量モニタ(図示なし)に接続される。この差圧はガスサンプリング室114の縦方向端部において細く絞られたポート136、138を介することにより発生させられる。
図19〜図26は、図16〜図18のエアウェイアダプア100と同様のエアウェイアダプタ200の第4実施形態を示す。従って、図16〜図18及び図19〜図26に示すエアウェイアダプタ100及び200に共通の部品には同じ符号が付されている。エアウェイアダプタ200は特に、新生児等の一回呼気量が極端に小さい場合に好適に使用することができるが、小児及び大人の呼吸を監視する際にも同様な有用性を有する。
上記の詳述には多くの特異性が包含されているが、それらの特異性は本発明の範囲を限定するように構成されるべきではなく、単に例示的な実施形態を示すものに過ぎない。同様に、本発明の精神或いは範囲を逸脱していなければ、本発明の他の実施形態を構成することも可能である。種々の実施形態の特徴は組み合わせて採用することができる。従って、本発明の範囲は、上記の詳述よりもむしろ添付されている請求の範囲及び法的な同等物によってのみ示され且つ限定される。ここに開示されているような請求の範囲の効力及び範囲内にある本発明に対する付加、削除、及び変更は全て本発明に包含される。
Claims (12)
- 呼気流量及び被験者の呼気中に存在する2つ以上の物質の測定量を示すデータを提供することに適切なエアウェイアダプタにおいて、
少なくとも部分的に貫通しているボアを有するハウジングと、
前記ハウジングから呼気を分岐することなく前記2つ以上の物質のうちの少なくとも第1の物質を検出するために適切な第1の呼気検出器と、前記第1のガス検出器は前記ハウジング内部に検出チャンバを備え、前記検出チャンバの境界は少なくとも部分的に少なくとも1つの窓によって画成されることと、
前記少なくとも1つの窓の少なくとも一部の上に設けられ、前記ボアを流通する気体に晒されることにより、前記ハウジングから呼気を分岐することなく前記2つ以上の物質のうちの少なくとも第2の物質を検出するための一定量のルミネセンス材料を備えた第2のガス検出器と、
前記少なくとも1つの窓を介した前記第1の物質の検知、前記少なくとも1つの窓を通る前記一定量のルミネセンス材料の発光及び、前記少なくとも1つの窓を介した前記一定量のルミネセンス材料によって放射される光の監視を促進するために、トランスデューサを着脱自在に結合するための前記ハウジング上の着座部とを備えるエアウェイアダプタ。 - 前記第2のガス検出器は赤外線検出部からなる、請求項1に記載のエアウェイアダプタ。
- 前記ルミネセンス材料が配備される前記少なくとも1つの窓は、前記ボアに沿って設けられ、かつその内部を前記赤外線が通過するサンプリング室に対向するように配備される1組の窓のうちの1つである、請求項2に記載のエアウェイアダプタ。
- 前記赤外線検出部は少なくとも二酸化炭素の検出を促進するために形成されている、請求項2又は3に記載のエアウェイアダプタ。
- 前記赤外線検出部は少なくとも1種類の麻酔薬の検出を促進するために形成されている請求項2又は3に記載のエアウェイアダプタ。
- 前記ルミネセンス材料は少なくとも酸素の検出を促進する請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のエアウェイアダプタ。
- 個体の呼吸を監視するための装置であって、ルミネセンス消光技術を使用して個体の呼吸中の少なくとも他の一物質を監視するための手段、及び個体の呼吸中の少なくとも一物質を監視する赤外線技術を使用した検知を行うための手段を備えた単一のハウジングと、前記ルミネセンス消光技術を使用する手段と前記赤外線技術を使用する手段とは前記単一のハウジングの長さ方向に沿った同一の箇所に配置されることとを備える、装置。
- 呼気流量を測定するための手段をさらに備える、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記ルミネセンス消光技術を使用する手段は、個体の呼吸中における少なくとも酸素量を監視するものである請求項7又は8に記載の装置。
- 前記赤外線技術を使用する手段は、個体の呼吸中における二酸化炭素、亜酸化窒素、及び麻酔薬の少なくとも1個の量を監視する手段からなる、請求項7又は8に記載の装置。
- 前記呼気流量を測定するための手段は、前記単一のハウジングの少なくとも一部を通じて差圧を発生させるための手段からなる、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記差圧を発生させるための手段は、前記ルミネセンス消光技術及び前記赤外線技術を使用するのと同一の、前記前記単一のハウジングの長さ方向に沿った前記同一の箇所にて使用される、請求項11に記載の装置。
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JP2015163275A (ja) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-10 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | エアウェイアダプタおよび呼吸ガス検出用センサ |
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JP2019505817A (ja) * | 2015-12-21 | 2019-02-28 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 呼吸ガスサンプリング用のサンプルセル及びその製造方法 |
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US20100036272A1 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 2010-02-11 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Metabolic measure system including a multiple function airway adapter |
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JP2010187816A (ja) * | 2009-02-17 | 2010-09-02 | Nippon Koden Corp | エアウェイアダプタ、呼吸気濃度センサ、および呼吸気流量センサ |
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JP2017060554A (ja) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | エアウェイアダプタおよび呼吸気流量センサ |
US11850036B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2023-12-26 | Nihon Kohden Corporation | Airway adaptor and respiratory flow rate sensor |
JP2019505817A (ja) * | 2015-12-21 | 2019-02-28 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 呼吸ガスサンプリング用のサンプルセル及びその製造方法 |
JP2020514730A (ja) * | 2017-03-17 | 2020-05-21 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 圧力パルスを能動的にキャンセルするためのシステム及び方法 |
JP7579716B2 (ja) | 2021-02-15 | 2024-11-08 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | エアウェイアダプタ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5210771B2 (ja) | 2013-06-12 |
US20020029003A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
US7335164B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
EP1383428B1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
JP2004536629A (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
EP1383428A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
JP4263488B2 (ja) | 2009-05-13 |
ATE492210T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
WO2002085207A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
DE60238670D1 (de) | 2011-02-03 |
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