JP2009027431A - Image playback controller, and image playback control method and program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To maintain the state of a reference frame as it is when a display interval of a representative image list of moving image data is changed. <P>SOLUTION: A reference frame display position holding part 222 holds a display position of the reference frame in the representative image list. A reference frame offset holding part 223 holds an offset in the moving image data of the reference frame. A display interval holding part 242 holds the display interval of a representative image in the representative image list. When an operation input accepting part 210 accepts a change operation of the display interval, the display interval held by the display interval holding part 242 is updated by a display interval updating part 241. When the display interval is updated, the display position and offset of the reference frame are obtained in a display control part 260, and also an offset of the representative image except for the reference frame is decided. Thus, even after the display interval is updated as well, the display position and offset of the reference frame are kept in an original state. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an image reproduction control device, and more particularly to an image reproduction control device that displays a list of representative images of moving image data, a processing method thereof, and a program that causes a computer to execute the method.

In order to grasp the contents of moving image data in a concise manner, a method of displaying a list of a part of images of moving image data as representative images is known. For example, an image processing apparatus has been proposed in which frames are extracted from moving image data at predetermined intervals and the update cycle near the start and end of moving image data is lengthened (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2003-023595 (FIG. 5)

  In the above-described conventional technology, frames extracted from moving image data at predetermined intervals are displayed as a list as a representative image, so that the contents of the moving image data are easily displayed on the screen. However, in such a list display, when the user changes the display interval of the representative image, there is a possibility that the representative image that the user has focused on before the change is lost. For example, when the user is paying attention to the 30th frame from the top of the moving image data and the display interval of the representative image of the list display is changed from 10 frames to 20 frames, the representative image of the 30th frame is displayed in the list display. It disappears. In such a case, the 20th or 40th frame image close to the 30th frame is displayed instead, or the display is reset so that the list is displayed from the beginning of the moving image data as the display interval is changed. there is a possibility. In any case, an unnatural impression may be given to the user.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and when the display interval of the representative image list of moving image data is changed, the display state of the representative image used as a reference before the change is maintained as it is. With the goal.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and a first aspect of the present invention holds an offset in the moving image data of a reference frame when displaying a plurality of representative images of moving image data as a representative image list. Reference frame offset holding means, reference frame display position holding means for holding the display position of the reference frame in the representative image list, display interval holding means for holding the display interval of the representative image, and display interval holding means Display interval updating means for updating the display interval held in the display, and when the display interval is updated, the plurality of representative images are determined according to the updated display interval to maintain the offset and display position of the reference frame. Display control means for controlling to display the representative image list in a state. Apparatus, an image playback control method comprising the processing steps of these respective means, a program for executing these processing steps in a computer. This brings about the effect that the representative image list is displayed in a state where the offset of the reference frame and the display position are maintained before and after the update of the display interval.

  In this first aspect, the display control means displays the representative image according to the updated display interval when the offset of the reference frame is a multiple of the updated display interval, and If the frame offset is not a multiple of the updated display interval, the representative image may be displayed in accordance with the updated display interval, and the reference frame image may be displayed in accordance with the reference frame offset. As a result, when the offset of the reference frame is a multiple of the updated display interval, the representative image list is displayed without inserting a reference frame image separately.

  In the first aspect, the display control means may determine an image of a frame at each display interval from the first frame of the moving image data as the representative image, and the center of the reference frame. A frame image for each display interval may be determined as the representative image.

  Further, in this first aspect, an operation input receiving means for receiving an operation input, and an offset held in the reference frame offset holding means according to the change operation when the operation input is a change operation of the reference frame and Reference frame update means for updating the display position held in the reference frame display position holding means may be further included. This brings about the effect of updating the offset and display position of the reference frame based on the change operation.

  According to the present invention, when the display interval of the representative image list of moving image data is changed, it is possible to achieve an excellent effect that the display state of the representative image that has been used as a reference before the change can be maintained as it is.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an image reproduction control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The image reproduction control device includes a device control unit 110, an operation input receiving unit 120, a medium access unit 130, an image memory 140, a decoding processing unit 150, an output signal processing unit 160, and a display unit 170. ing.

  The operation input receiving unit 120 is an interface that receives an operation input from a user. The operation input receiving unit 120 is realized by, for example, a touch panel or a direction button.

  The medium access unit 130 accesses the recording medium 190 for writing or reading. It is assumed that the recording medium 190 holds a data stream such as an MPEG-2 program stream. The medium access unit 130 reads the data stream from the recording medium 190 and supplies the data stream to the image memory 140.

  The image memory 140 is a memory that temporarily stores the data stream supplied from the medium access unit 130.

  The decoding processing unit 150 decodes moving image data by separating a video stream and an audio stream in a data stream stored in the image memory 140. The moving image data decoded by the decoding processing unit 150 is supplied to the output signal processing unit 160.

  The output signal processing unit 160 performs signal processing such as gamma correction on the moving image data supplied from the decoding processing unit 150 and outputs the processed video data to the display unit 170.

  The display unit 170 displays moving image data that has been subjected to signal processing in the output signal processing unit 160. The display unit 170 is realized by, for example, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). The display unit 170 and the operation input receiving unit 120 may be integrated and realized by a touch panel.

  The device control unit 110 controls the entire image reproduction control device, and includes a processor 111, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 112, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 113, an input / output interface 114, and the like. And a bus 115 connected to each other.

  The processor 111 is a processing device that executes a program held in the ROM 112. The processor 111 performs control for access to the recording medium 190 by the medium access unit 130, control for decoding moving image data by the decoding processing unit 150, control for signal processing by the output signal processing unit 160, and the like. Further, the processor 111 can display characters, icons, and the like on the display unit 170.

  The ROM 112 is a memory that holds a program executed by the processor 111, various parameters, and the like, and is realized by, for example, an EEPROM (Electronically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) such as a flash memory.

  The RAM 113 is a memory that holds work data necessary for program execution in the processor 111, and is realized by, for example, an SRAM (Static RAM), a DRAM (Dynamic RAM), or the like.

  The input / output interface 114 exchanges data with the outside of the apparatus, and is used, for example, for updating a program in the ROM 112.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the image reproduction control device according to the embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the operation input receiving unit 210, the reference frame update unit 221, the reference frame display position holding unit 222, the reference frame offset holding unit 223, the display interval update unit 241, the display interval holding unit 242, and the display Functions of a control unit 260, a display unit 270, and an image storage unit 290 are provided.

  The operation input accepting unit 210 is an interface that accepts an operation input from a user, and corresponds to the operation input accepting unit 120 in FIG.

  The reference frame update unit 221 updates a reference frame when displaying a plurality of representative images of moving image data as a representative image list. The reference frame is a frame of moving image data corresponding to a representative image focused on in the representative image list, and is arbitrarily defined by the system. For example, the current reference frame can be clearly indicated by applying a frame to the representative image corresponding to the reference frame. In this case, the frame indicating the reference frame may be changed via the operation input receiving unit 210. Further, the representative image corresponding to the reference frame may be fixed at a specific position such as the rightmost side.

  The reference frame display position holding unit 222 holds the display position of the image corresponding to the reference frame in the representative image list. For example, identification numbers are assigned to a plurality of display positions in the representative image list, and the identification number of the display position of the image that is currently the reference frame is held in the reference frame display position holding unit 222. be able to.

  The reference frame offset holding unit 223 holds an offset in the moving image data of an image corresponding to the reference frame in the representative image list. For example, the first frame of the moving image data can be stored in the reference frame offset holding unit 223 as the “0” frame, and what frame the reference frame corresponds to.

  The contents held in the reference frame display position holding unit 222 and the reference frame offset holding unit 223 are changed according to the update of the reference frame by the reference frame update unit 221. For example, when the frame of the reference frame is moved by the operation input receiving unit 210, the identification number held in the reference frame display position holding unit 222 is changed and the offset held in the reference frame offset holding unit 223 is changed. The number is changed.

  The display interval holding unit 242 holds the display interval of the representative image in the representative image list. The display interval of the representative image can be expressed in units of, for example, the number of frames or time (for example, 1/100 second) in the moving image data.

  The display interval update unit 241 updates the display interval of the representative image in the representative image list. The update result of the display interval by the display interval update unit 241 is reflected in the display interval holding unit 242.

  The display control unit 260 causes the display unit 270 to display the representative image list according to the display interval held in the display interval holding unit 242. At this time, the display control unit 260 grasps the relationship between the representative image of the reference frame and the other representative images based on the offset number held in the reference frame offset holding unit 223. That is, when the representative image displayed according to the display interval held in the display interval holding unit 242 includes a representative image corresponding to the reference frame, the representative image corresponding to the reference frame is duplicated. Instead of displaying, the representative image is displayed according to the display interval. On the other hand, when the representative image displayed according to the display interval held in the display interval holding unit 242 does not include the representative image corresponding to the reference frame, the reference frame display position holding unit 222 holds the representative image. A representative image corresponding to the reference frame is also displayed at the display position.

  Further, the display control unit 260 can display the frame of the reference frame on the display unit 270 according to the display position held in the reference frame display position holding unit 222 when displaying the representative image list.

  The display unit 270 displays moving image data, and corresponds to the display unit 170 in FIG. The image storage unit 290 stores moving image data and corresponds to the recording medium 190 in FIG.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship example between the moving image data and the representative image list according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 3A shows an example in which the display interval is 10 frames. Here, the representative images of the 10th frame, the 20th frame, the 30th frame, the 40th frame, the 50th frame and the 60th frame are displayed in a list. The third representative image from the left is framed as a display position 609 corresponding to the reference frame. That is, the reference frame is the 30th frame. FIG. 3B shows an example in which the display interval is changed to 20 frames in this state.

  In FIG. 3B, the representative images of the 0th frame, the 20th frame, the 40th frame, the 60th frame, and the 80th frame are displayed in a list according to the display interval. In addition, the representative image of the 30th frame is maintained at the display position 609 of the reference frame as it is before the display interval is changed. Therefore, the frame interval before and after the reference frame is narrower than other display intervals.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of the relationship between the moving image data and the representative image list in the embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 4A shows an example in which the display interval is 10 frames. Here, the representative images of the 20th frame, 30th frame, 40th frame, 50th frame, 60th frame and 70th frame are displayed in a list. The third representative image from the left is framed as a display position 609 corresponding to the reference frame. That is, the reference frame is the 40th frame. FIG. 4B shows an example in which the display interval is changed to 20 frames in this state.

  In FIG. 4B, the representative images of the 0th frame, the 20th frame, the 40th frame, the 60th frame, the 80th frame, and the 100th frame are displayed in a list according to the display interval. In this example, since the image of the reference frame (40th frame) is included in the representative image after the change of the display interval, the interval between the frames before and after the reference frame is equal to the other display intervals. Also in this case, the representative image of the 40th frame is maintained as it is at the display position 609 of the reference frame before the display interval is changed.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a display example of a representative image list in the embodiment of the present invention. In this example, ten representative images of moving image data (for example, chapters) to be displayed can be displayed. That is, ten representative images are displayed from left to right and from top to bottom with the image 621 as the first image. By selecting a representative image from these, moving image data can be reproduced from the corresponding reproduction position.

  A specific one of these ten representative images is provided with a frame 629 representing a reference frame. In this example, the image at the top of the page is the reference frame display position, but this can be changed by an operation input. When the page change buttons 622 and 623 are pressed, the previous image and the next representative image are displayed, respectively.

  An image 611 of the first frame of the moving image data to be displayed is displayed on the left side of the display screen, and the moving image data to be displayed can be changed by pressing the moving image data change buttons 612 and 613.

  The shooting date 631 of the moving image data to be displayed is displayed at the top of the screen. By pressing the date button 651, the moving image data can be searched based on the shooting date. In addition, a shooting time length 632 of moving image data to be displayed is displayed at the bottom of the screen. In the lower left part of the screen, the image quality 633 of the moving image data is displayed. In this example, it is shown that the image quality is high definition (HD: High Definition).

  A display interval 641 is displayed at the bottom of the screen. In this example, it is shown that the display interval is 30 frames. In order to change the display interval, for example, the option button 642 is pressed and the interval setting menu is selected from the option menu.

  When the end button 661 is pressed, the representative image list display ends and the screen returns to the imaging screen.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of changing the display interval by the representative image list in the embodiment of the present invention. When the interval setting menu is selected, a current display interval 671 and display interval change buttons 672 and 673 are displayed on the screen. When the display interval change button 672 is pressed, the display interval 671 decreases, and when the display interval change button 673 is pressed, the display interval 671 increases. When the return button 663 is pressed, the screen returns to the original representative image list display screen.

  When the display interval changing operation is performed in this manner, the display interval update unit 241 updates the content held in the display interval holding unit 242. Thereby, the display interval in the representative image list is changed.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a display example in which the representative image list and the reproduction display are combined in the embodiment of the present invention. In this display example, five representative images 721 to 725 are displayed at the bottom of the screen, and the representative image 721 arranged at the center is selected as the reference frame. In the area 710, moving image data corresponding to the representative image 721 is reproduced and displayed.

  In this example, the representative images 722 to 725 are displayed according to the display interval of 20 frames, and the representative image 721 of the reference frame is displayed between the representative images 723 and 724 with an exceptional display interval of 10 frames. . This is because the reference frame before the change is maintained when the display interval is changed as shown in FIG.

  In order to express this exceptional display interval, in this example, displays 731 to 734 indicating individual display intervals are displayed. That is, it can be seen that the representative images 722 to 725 are displayed according to the display interval of 20 frames, and the representative images 721 are displayed at intervals of 10 frames between the representative images 723 and 724, respectively.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the representative image list and the reference frame in the embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 8A shows an example in which a representative image is displayed every display interval D from the top frame, and the offset of the reference frame is not a multiple of D. In this example, the display interval between the (X−1) th and the (X + 1) th representative images is D, where the Xth representative image is the image of the reference frame. That is, when the offset of the reference frame is not a multiple of D, the image of the reference frame is inserted in the middle of the representative image displayed at the display interval D.

  On the other hand, FIG. 8B shows an example in which a representative image is displayed every display interval D from the top frame, and the offset of the reference frame is a multiple of D. In this example, with the Xth representative image as the reference frame image, the display interval between the X−1th representative image and the reference frame image, and between the reference frame image and the (X + 1) th representative image. The display intervals of D are both D. In other words, when the offset of the reference frame is a multiple of D, the representative image displayed at the display interval D includes the image of the reference frame. Therefore, in this case, it is not necessary to insert a reference frame image separately.

  In the above example, the representative image is displayed at every display interval D from the top frame, but the representative image may be determined based on other criteria. FIG. 8C shows an example in which the representative image is displayed so that the display interval D is centered on the reference frame. In this example, with the Xth representative image as the reference frame image, the display interval between the X−1th representative image and the reference frame image, and between the reference frame image and the (X + 1) th representative image. The display intervals of D are both D. In this case, since the top frame may not be selected as a representative image, the top frame may be added as a representative image as necessary.

  Next, the operation of the image reproduction control apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure example of the image reproduction control method according to the embodiment of the present invention. When an operation for changing the display interval is received by the operation input receiving unit 210, the display interval held in the display interval holding unit 242 is updated by the display interval update unit 241. When the display interval is updated in this way (step S911), the following processing is sequentially performed.

  First, the display control unit 260 acquires the display position of the reference frame held in the reference frame display position holding unit 222 and the offset number of the reference frame held in the reference frame offset holding unit 223 (step S912). As a result, the display position and offset of the representative image to be handled as the reference frame are found.

  Further, the offset of the representative image other than the reference frame is determined by the display control unit 260 (step S920). A processing procedure for determining the offset will be described with reference to FIG.

  A physical address in the image storage unit 290 is determined for the representative image acquired or determined in this manner (step S913). For example, in a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), a logical block number (LBN) and a sector address on a disk can be acquired by referring to an IFO (InFOmation) file. When the physical address is determined, a read request is issued to the medium access unit 130 (step S914). As a result, an image corresponding to the representative image is read from the image storage unit 290. When reading of the image corresponding to the representative image is completed (step S915), the display position of each representative image is set on the display unit 270 (step S916).

  Thereafter, a decryption request is issued to the decryption processing unit 150 (step S917). Thereby, the decoding process of the read image is performed. When the decoding process is completed (step S918), each representative image is displayed at a preset display position (step S919).

  FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure of offset determination processing (step S920) for representative images other than the reference frame in the embodiment of the present invention. Here, the offset of the i-th representative image is S (i), the display position of the reference frame is X, and the display interval is D. The counter on the program is N.

  First, the counter N is reset to “0” (step S921). Then, the value is incremented by “1” (step S922) until the value obtained by multiplying the display interval D by the counter N becomes equal to or larger than the reference frame offset S (X) (step S923).

  When the value obtained by multiplying the display interval D by the counter N becomes equal to or greater than the reference frame offset S (X), the value obtained by multiplying the display interval D by (N−1) is the offset S (X of the representative image before the reference frame. -1) is set (step S924). At this time, if the value obtained by multiplying the display interval D by the counter N is equal to the offset S (X) of the reference frame (step S925), the value obtained by multiplying the display interval D by (N + 1) is the next representative image of the reference frame. Offset S (X + 1) is set (step S926). On the other hand, if the value obtained by multiplying the display interval D by the counter N is not equal to the offset S (X) of the reference frame (step S925), the value obtained by multiplying the display interval D by the counter N is the next representative image of the reference frame. It is set as the offset S (X + 1) (step S927). That is, the offset of the next representative image after the reference frame is (N + 1) · D when the offset of the reference frame is a multiple of D, and is N · D when the offset of the reference frame is not a multiple of D. .

  Here, the description has been made on the assumption that there are representative images to be displayed before and after the reference frame. On the other hand, when the display position of the reference frame is at the top of the representative image list, the representative image is not displayed before the reference frame, and thus S (X-1) is not set. Similarly, when the display position of the reference frame is at the end of the representative image list, the representative image is not displayed next to the reference frame, so S (X + 1) is not set.

  As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the display interval of the representative image held in the display interval holding unit 242 is changed, the display position and offset of the reference frame are respectively held in the reference frame display position. The state held by the unit 222 and the reference frame offset holding unit 223 can be maintained, and representative images other than the reference frame can be appropriately displayed according to the changed display interval.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the display interval is determined in units of frames in the moving image data, but this may be in units of time (for example, 1/100 second). Further, when the moving image data is encoded by the MPEG-2 system, any one of I pictures in GOP (Group Of Picture) may be selected as a representative image. This is because an I picture can be decoded independently and is easy to handle.

  The embodiment of the present invention is an example for embodying the present invention and has a corresponding relationship with the invention-specific matters in the claims as shown below, but is not limited thereto. However, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  That is, in claim 1, the reference frame offset holding means corresponds to the reference frame offset holding unit 223, for example. Reference frame display position holding means corresponds to the reference frame display position holding unit 222, for example. The display interval holding unit corresponds to, for example, the display interval holding unit 242. The display interval update unit corresponds to, for example, the display interval update unit 241. The display control means corresponds to the display control unit 260, for example.

  Further, in claim 5, the operation input receiving means corresponds to, for example, the operation input receiving unit 210. Reference frame update means corresponds to the reference frame update unit 221, for example.

  Further, in claims 6 and 7, the reference frame offset holding means corresponds to the reference frame offset holding unit 223, for example. Reference frame display position holding means corresponds to the reference frame display position holding unit 222, for example. The display interval holding unit corresponds to, for example, the display interval holding unit 242. The display interval update procedure corresponds to, for example, step S911. The representative image determination procedure corresponds to step S920, for example. The display control procedure corresponds to step S919, for example.

  The processing procedure described in the embodiment of the present invention may be regarded as a method having a series of these procedures, and a program for causing a computer to execute these series of procedures or a recording medium storing the program May be taken as

It is a figure which shows the example of 1 structure of the image reproduction control apparatus in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the function structural example of the image reproduction control apparatus in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a relationship between the moving image data and representative image list in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other example of a relationship between the moving image data and representative image list in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a display of the representative image list in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a change of the display interval by the representative image list in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a display which combined the representative image list and reproduction | regeneration display in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a relationship between the representative image list in an embodiment of this invention, and a reference | standard frame. It is a flowchart which shows the example of a process sequence of the image reproduction control method in embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence example of the offset determination process of representative images other than the reference | standard frame in embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

110 Device control unit 111 Processor 112 ROM
113 RAM
114 I / O interface 115 Bus 120, 210 Operation input accepting unit 130 Medium access unit 140 Image memory 150 Decoding processing unit 160 Output signal processing unit 170, 270 Display unit 190 Recording medium 221 Reference frame update unit 222 Reference frame display position holding unit 223 Reference frame offset holding unit 241 Display interval updating unit 242 Display interval holding unit 260 Display control unit 290 Image storage unit

Claims (7)

Reference frame offset holding means for holding an offset in the moving image data of a reference frame when displaying a plurality of representative images of moving image data as a representative image list;
Reference frame display position holding means for holding the display position of the reference frame in the representative image list;
Display interval holding means for holding the display interval of the representative image;
Display interval updating means for updating the display interval held in the display interval holding means;
Display control for controlling to display the representative image list in a state in which the plurality of representative images are determined according to the updated display interval and the offset and display position of the reference frame are maintained when the display interval is updated. An image reproduction control device. When the reference frame offset is a multiple of the updated display interval, the display control means displays the representative image according to the updated display interval, and the reference frame offset is updated. 2. The image reproduction control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, when the interval is not a multiple of the interval, the representative image is displayed according to the updated display interval and the image of the reference frame is displayed according to the offset of the reference frame. 2. The image reproduction control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display control unit determines an image of a frame at each display interval from the first frame of the moving image data as the representative image. 2. The image reproduction control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display control unit determines an image of a frame at each display interval centered on the reference frame as the representative image. An operation input receiving means for receiving an operation input;
When the operation input is a change operation of the reference frame, a reference frame update is performed to update the offset held in the reference frame offset holding unit and the display position held in the reference frame display position holding unit according to the change operation. The image reproduction control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: means. Reference frame offset holding means for holding an offset in the moving image data of a reference frame when displaying a plurality of representative images of moving image data as a representative image list, and a reference frame holding a display position of the reference frame in the representative image list An image reproduction control method in an image reproduction control device comprising display position holding means and display interval holding means for holding a display interval of the representative image,
A display interval update procedure for updating the display interval held in the display interval holding means;
A representative image determination procedure for determining the representative image according to the updated display interval when the display interval is updated;
And a display control procedure for controlling to display the representative image list in a state in which the offset and display position of the reference frame are maintained. Reference frame offset holding means for holding an offset in the moving image data of a reference frame when displaying a plurality of representative images of moving image data as a representative image list, and a reference frame holding a display position of the reference frame in the representative image list In an image reproduction control device comprising display position holding means and display interval holding means for holding the display interval of the representative image,
A display interval update procedure for updating the display interval held in the display interval holding means;
A representative image determination procedure for determining the representative image according to the updated display interval when the display interval is updated;
A program for causing a computer to execute a display control procedure for controlling to display the representative image list in a state where the offset and display position of the reference frame are maintained.

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