JP2009024401A - Multistoried building equipped with gravity ventilation passage and ventilation passage structure of the building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multistoried building equipped with a gravity ventilation passage and a ventilation passage structure of the building capable of preventing air stream from flowing in the reverse direction or reducing unevenness in quantity of ventilation air at each story by partitioning the building into sections in accordance with height, ventilating each section by utilizing gravity or adjusting a ratio of opening area on the upstream side to that on the downstream side in the ventilation passage. <P>SOLUTION: This multistoried building is provided with a vertical hole extended from the lowest story of the building up to a rooftop through many stories and the gravity ventilation passage formed by the vertical hole and a communication port for communicating floors at each story mutually to feed air above the building from each story through the gravity ventilation passage. This building is divided into a plurality of sections constituted by one story or a series of stories, S<SB>1</SB>, S<SB>2</SB>, etc., and the vertical hole 4 is separated into ventilation holes 14 communicating with communication ports 6 at all the stories in each section S<SB>1</SB>, S<SB>2</SB>, etc., and extended upward up to the rooftop by corresponding to each section. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a multi-story building (including a high-rise building) having a gravity ventilation path.

    Gravity ventilation is known as an energy-saving ventilation system for high-rise buildings, and a vertical ventilation path (shaft) that opens from the lower floor of the high-rise building to the rooftop is provided, and the air in this ventilation path is the chimney By rising due to the effect, the air on each floor is sucked to the ventilation path side and exhausted upward of the building (Patent Document 1).

However, it is known that the air suction force of each floor is proportional to the product of the square root of the height difference between each floor and the upper end of the building and the effective area of the ventilation path. Therefore, the suction force is weaker on the higher floors than on the lower floors of the building, and the amount of ventilation is small. In order to reduce the variation in the amount of ventilation according to the level of the building, the communication port from each floor to the ventilation path (atrium space) is increased from the lower floor to the upper floor (Patent Document 2). ).
JP 2000-213184 A JP 2007-2517 “Environmental Engineering Textbook” Shokokusha March 10, 1996

Generally, the pressure distribution in the hard hole is obtained by the following mathematical formulas 2 to 4. However, P _top is the pressure on the roof (based on the atmospheric pressure at the same height), P _s (h) is the pressure inside the pothole at a position lowered by Δh from the roof, and P _o (h) is only Δh from the roof. The outdoor pressure at the lowered position, ΔP (h) is the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the pothole at the position lowered by Δh from the rooftop, ρ _s is the air density in the pothole, _ρo is the outdoor air density, g is the gravitational acceleration.
[Formula 2] P _s (h) = P _top + ρ _s gΔh
[Formula 3] P _o (h) = 0−ρ _o gΔh
[Formula 4] ΔP (h) = P _s (h) −P _o (h) = P _top + (ρ _s −ρ _o ) gΔh
Since all the floors of the building of Patent Document 2 communicate with each other through a single atrium space-chimney-, the negative pressure in the atrium space is linear in the height direction as shown in FIG. Changes. This has caused the following problems.

    First, when the building is high-rise, the air pressure inside the building and the air pressure in the atrium space are reversed on the high floor of the building, and air may flow from the atrium space side to the high-rise floor side. If it does so, the dirty air exhausted from the lower floor of the building may flow into the upper floor and cause harmful effects such as bad odor.

    Secondly, even if such a reversal of atmospheric pressure does not occur, the ventilation effect due to the chimney effect becomes smaller as it goes upward, and in the absence of external wind, there is a possibility that ventilation of the upper layer part will be insufficient.

    An object of the present invention is to prevent the backflow of airflow by partitioning a building according to height and performing gravity ventilation on each, or by adjusting the opening area ratio on the upstream side and downstream side of the ventilation path, or An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer building with a gravity ventilation path and a ventilation path structure of the building that can reduce the variation in the ventilation amount of each floor.

The first means is
It has a gravity ventilation path formed by a solid hole that passes from the lower floor of the building through the higher floor to the rooftop, and a communication port that connects this rigid hole and the floor of each floor,
It is a multi-layered building provided to vent the building upward from each floor through this gravity ventilation path,
This building is divided into a plurality of sections S1, S2 ... consisting of one floor or a series of floors,
And corresponding to each section, the said rigid hole 4 is isolate | separated into the vent hole 14 ... which communicates with the communicating port 6 of all the floors in each section S1, S2 ..., and extends upwards to a rooftop.

  As described above, if each floor of the building is connected with a single pit, the pressure between the upper floor and the lower floor increases in proportion to the number of floors. Therefore, as the number of floors increases, the difference in ventilation increases. Backflow on the upper floor is likely to occur. Therefore, this means proposes to divide the multi-layered building into a plurality of sections and to ventilate each section independently. Specifically, the vent holes for ventilation from each floor of the building to the roof of the building are separated for each section. In this specification, “separation” includes both partitioning and dividing a single hole and forming a plurality of holes as ventilation holes in advance.

    “Multi-layer building” means a building suitable for gravity ventilation and having a height that allows air to flow backward from a pothole to a high-rise part in a windless state. Since the air pressure in the chimney follows the above-described equation 2, the height is higher than the floor number of the building. Therefore, even a building with a small number of floors such as about 2 to 3 can correspond to a multi-layered building as long as the floor height is large.

    A “section” is a unit that ventilates in one ventilation path of a building. It is desirable to design so that no backflow occurs between the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer in each section. By dividing the building into a plurality of sections, the vertical pressure distribution in the ventilation path is as shown in FIG. This description will be described later.

    “Hot hole” refers to the one having an upper end opening on the roof of the building, and is not limited to one designed exclusively for a ventilation path. For example, it may be used also as a vertical shaft through which a void (light garden) of a building, a gas pipe or a water supply / drain pipe is inserted.

The second means includes the first means, and each of the vent holes 14 is formed by partitioning the inside of one rigid hole 4 with a partition wall 18.

  In this means, the inside of one pothole is partitioned off by a partition wall or a field wall. In particular, when pit holes are provided in the interior of the building, the vent holes can be concentrated in the pit holes using a known configuration such as a void or a ridge shaft.

    In the embodiments of FIGS. 1-2 and FIGS. 7-8 described later, the partition wall has a multi-layer shape (including a multi-tubular shape) that sequentially extends upward from each section. The vent hole at this time is formed in an L-order shape extending from each section to the inside of the void and then upward upward on a longitudinal section passing through the center of the building. Since this structure has a regular shape, the ventilation effect can be easily predicted by simulation. However, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, a vertical cylindrical partition wall may be provided vertically in the coffin hole, and in this case, since less material is required, it can be constructed at a low cost.

The third means has the first means or the second means, and is configured to ventilate the upper floor occupying about 1/3 of the top of the building as at least one section separately from the other floors. is doing.

  On the higher floors of the building, the external winds are strong, so it is likely that sufficient ventilation will be possible. Must. However, if a gravity ventilation system is adopted in a multi-story building, it is more likely to cause a problem in comfort on a higher floor than on a lower floor. As mentioned above, the ventilation volume is small compared to the lower floors, and air may flow backward from the pit to the living space, and various living odors (such as cooking odors) discharged from the lower and middle floors are accumulated. May flow into the upper floors. Therefore, in this means, the multi-layer building is divided into three areas of a low-rise area, a middle-rise area, and a high-rise area, and the high-rise area is divided from other areas as at least one section. Of course, this higher floor area can be further divided.

The fourth means includes any one of the first means to the third means, and the number of floors belonging to each section of the building decreases from the bottom to the top of the building.

  As mentioned above, in the gravity ventilation of multi-story buildings, the higher floors are more likely to cause problems in terms of comfort than the lower floors. Yes. Here, the decrease in the number of floors includes not only a monotonous decrease such as 5, 4, 3, 2, but also an overall decrease such as 4, 4, 3, 3, 2,.

The fifth means includes any one of the first means to the fourth means, and the effective opening area of the vent hole 14 corresponding to each section S1, S2,... Is higher than the lower floor. I try to get bigger.

If each floor of the building is gravity ventilated via a separate ventilation path, the ventilation volume calculation formula is as follows. Here, Q is the ventilation amount, αA is the effective area of the ventilation path, g is the acceleration of gravity, and ΔH is the height difference between the upper and lower ends of the ventilation path. Further, as described above, ρ _s is the density of air in the pit and ρ _o is the density of outdoor air.
[Formula 5] Q = αA√ {(2 / ρ) × (ρ _o −ρ _s ) × g × ΔH}
The reason why the ventilation level is small on the upper floor of the building is that ΔH in the right side of Equation 3 is small. Therefore, even if individual ventilation paths are provided with all the floors as separate sections, a significant portion of the variation in the ventilation amount of each floor is not yet eliminated. Therefore, in this means, it is proposed that αA in Formula 3 is increased for each section to reduce the variation in ventilation.

In addition, in the application of Equation 5, when there are a plurality of locations (referred to as orifices) where the channel area is narrowed in the channel, the effective area can be obtained by combining the effective areas as conventionally known. Good. For example, when two orifices having an effective area of α ₁ A ₁ and α ₂ A ₂ are arranged in series, the equivalent opening area is (α ₁₂ A ₁₂ ) ⁻² = (α ₁ A ₁ ) ⁻² + (α ₁ A ₁ ) ^-2 . Further, the equivalent opening area when the orifices are arranged in parallel is α ₁₂ A ₁₂ = α ₁ A ₁ + α ₁ A ₁ (see Non-Patent Document 1).

The sixth means includes any one of the first means to the fifth means, and the effective opening area of the vent hole 14 corresponding to each section S ₁ , S ₂ . The sum of the opening areas of the communication ports 6 on the floor is made small.

  This means proposes a condition for suppressing the airflow in the vent hole from flowing back to the floor of each floor. In general, the air on each floor rises in the ventilation hole due to the chimney effect, but when the opening area at the upper end of the ventilation hole is smaller than the communication opening, the air becomes difficult to flow and may flow back to the floor side. The applicant conducted a simulation using a model of a 10-story building, and obtained a result that no backflow occurred at least up to the 5th floor under the condition that the effective opening area of the ventilation holes> the total area of the communication openings.

The seventh means is
A dedicated ventilation path installed for the upper part of a high-rise building or a ventilation path structure for all levels of a low-rise building,
A vent hole 14 having an upper end opening extending to the roof along each floor of the target floor, and a communication port 6 formed between the vent hole and the floor of each floor,
The opening area of the communication port or the ventilation path is adjusted so that the ratio of the total opening area Σ _i A _i of the communication port 6 and the effective opening area Ae of the vent hole 14 satisfies the following expression.
[Expression 1] Σ _i A _i / Ae <Σ _i (2i−1) ^0.5 (i = 1, 2,... N)
Where n is the total number of floors in the same hole.

This means proposes to prevent reversal of the airflow by limiting the area ratio between the sum of the communication openings and the vent holes for a part of the high-rise building or all the floors of the low-rise building. As a suitable example, a high-rise building can be 4 stories or more, and a low-rise building can be 2-3 stories. Note that Σ _i represents the sum of each quantity from when i is the minimum value to when i is the maximum value. Such as _{Σ i A i = A 1 +} A 2 ... + A n.

The invention according to the first means has the following effects.
○ dividing the multilayer building multiple sections S _1, S 2 _... in the height direction, because it was decided to own gravity ventilation for each section, for adjusting the amount of ventilation per each section so variation is reduced be able to.
The vent holes 14 for each section are separated from each other, so that exhaust from the lower section can be prevented from flowing into the upper section.

  According to the invention relating to the second means, since the ventilation hole for each section is formed by partitioning one pit hole 4, ventilation can be performed using existing pit holes such as voids and vertical shafts.

  According to the invention relating to the third means, since the upper floor of the building is at least one section, it is possible to sufficiently prevent the reversal of the air flow and adjust the ventilation amount on this upper floor.

  According to the invention relating to the fourth means, since the section separation method becomes finer as it goes above the building, ventilation equipment can be introduced focusing on the upper floor side where airflow is likely to occur, and efficiency is improved. Is.

  According to the fifth aspect of the invention, since the effective opening area of the vent hole 14 corresponding to each section S1, S2,... Is larger in the upper floor than in the lower floor, the ventilation amount on the upper floor side is increased. It can be adjusted to be larger.

  According to the sixth aspect of the invention, the sum of the opening areas of the communication ports 6 of all the floors of the section is reduced with respect to the effective opening area of the vent hole 14 corresponding to each section S1, S2,. Therefore, the reversal of the airflow can be suppressed.

According to the seventh aspect of the invention, the ratio of the total opening area Σ _i A _i of the communication port 6 to the effective opening area Ae of the vent hole 14 is Σ _i A _i / Ae <Σ _i (2i−1) ^{Since 0.5} is satisfied, the reversal of the airflow can be prevented more reliably.

  1 to 3 show a multi-layer building 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

  First of all, in the configuration of the present invention, a conventionally known matter will be described. The multilayer building 2 has a rigid hole 4 for ventilation at the upper end opening.

    The hard hole 4 opens from the lowest floor of the building to the top of the building through the top floor. The illustrated hard hole 4 also serves as a void and is located at the center of the building as viewed from above. A communication port 6 is opened for each floor on the inner wall 8 of the building forming the hard hole 4. A ventilation window is opened in the outer wall 10 of the building. In the illustrated example, both the inner and outer walls of the building are formed in a square tube shape, but the structure can be changed as appropriate.

In the present invention, the multi-layered building 2 is divided into sections S ₁ , S ₂ ... On the second floor, and gravity ventilation is performed for each section. That is, the rigid hole 4 is partitioned into a plurality of ventilation holes 14 corresponding to the sections, and the communication ports 6 and the ventilation holes 14 of the sections form gravity ventilation paths P ₁ , P ₂ .

  Each vent hole 14 is partitioned by a partition wall 18. In this embodiment, these partition walls 18 are formed by a horizontal wall 18a that protrudes inward in the horizontal direction from the lower end of the lowest floor of each section, and a vertical cylindrical portion 18b that stands from the inner edge of the horizontal wall. As shown in FIG. 1, the vertical cylindrical portions of the partition walls overlap each other in a multi-cylindrical shape.

Here, the opening areas of the communication openings of each floor belonging to the section S ₁ are expressed as A ₁₁ , A ₂₁ ... In order from the bottom, and the height difference between each communication opening and the upper end of the vent hole 14 is represented by h ₁₁ , h _21, and the density of air at each communication port is ρ ₁₁ , ρ ₂₁ ... And the average pressure at the lower end of the vent hole 14 is Pm. ₁₁ , Q ₂₁ ...
[Formula 6] Q ₁₁ = αA√ [(2 / ρ) × {Pm− (ρ ₀ −ρ ₁₁ ) gh ₁₁ }]
[Formula 7] Q ₁₂ = αA√ [(2 / ρ) × {Pm− (ρ ₀ −ρ ₁₂ ) gh ₁₂ }]
And the sum of the flow rate of air flowing from the two communication ports Q _T1
[Formula 8] Q _T2 = αA√ [(2 / ρ) × {Pm− (ρ ₀ −ρ _T2 ) gh _T2 }]
Is established. Solve this equation to find Pm. When this process is performed for each section, a pressure distribution as shown in FIG. 3 is obtained. The pressure distribution at this time changes discontinuously at the boundary of each section while inclining as shown by the solid line in FIG. For this reason, compared with the pressure distribution when no partition wall is provided (indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in the figure), the pressure difference between the upper and lower ends of the hard hole is reduced, resulting in variations in ventilation volume in each section. Can be reduced.

  Further, the vent hole is designed so that the effective opening area of the vent hole becomes larger as it corresponds to the upper section as shown in FIG. As a result, the ventilation volume in each section is evenly approached.

  Next, in the multi-layer building having the configuration shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a simulation was performed under the conditions shown in Table 1 in order to verify the conditions for preventing the backflow of air from the hard hole to the living space.

In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents the air volume (the air volume during backflow is positive), and the vertical axis represents the rank. 4A, the area of the upper opening of the void (solid hole) is 100 m ² _, FIG. 4B is the same area of 200 m ² , FIG. 4C is the same area of 300 m ² , and FIG. Represents the case where the area is 400 m ² . It can be seen that the higher the floor than this table, the easier the backflow occurs, and the larger the area of the lower opening (communication opening) relative to the area of the upper opening of the ventilation path, the easier the backflow occurs.

  FIG. 5 is a summary of simulation results based on the same model, with the air volume (the air volume during backflow is positive) and the area ratio of the upper and lower openings of the ventilation path. 5A shows the state of the 10th floor, FIG. 5B shows the state of the 5th floor, and FIG. 5C shows the state of the 1st floor.

  On the 10th floor, four lines of ○, *, Δ, and □, which change the area of the upper opening of the hard hole, overlap. That is, the air volume on the 10th floor is not so much related to the area of the upper opening of the hard hole, but depends on the area ratio. If the opening area ratio (area index) is 0.25 or less, almost no back flow occurs.

  On the other hand, the fifth floor and the first floor have the same area ratio, and it can be seen that the larger the area of the upper opening of the hard hole, the closer the air volume approaches to zero (the easier it is to flow backward).

  Examples of the present invention and other embodiments will be described below. In this case, the same components as those already described are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of calculating the pressure distribution using Equations 6 to 8 under the same simulation. The ● line shows the pressure distribution when the hard hole is not divided, and the Δ line shows the pressure distribution when the hard hole is divided. It can be seen that the difference in ventilation between the upper floor and the lower floor is reduced as a whole due to the division of the hard holes.

  7 and 8 are modifications of the first embodiment of the present application, and instead of dividing the void inside into multiple cylinders, the inside of the solar chimney provided on one side of the building is divided into flat layers. Is. In this case as well, the effective opening area of the ventilation hole corresponding to the lower section is increased so that the ventilation amount of each ventilation path approaches evenly.

9 to 11 show a second embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of ducts 20 extending vertically from the communication ports 6 of the sections S ₁ , S ₂ ... To the roof are provided on the inner surface of the voids of the building, and the insides of the ducts serve as vent holes 14. In the illustrated example, only the inside of the duct 20 is used as a vent hole. However, a rigid hole portion excluding the duct 20 may be used as one vent hole for ventilation of an arbitrary section. This embodiment is also an example of an example in which a void that is a rigid hole is divided into a plurality of ventilation paths.

  On the other hand, the above ducts can be provided vertically on the outer wall surface of the building. In this case, instead of dividing one hard hole, a plurality of hard holes separated in advance are provided vertically on the outer surface side of the building.

  Further, in the above description, a 10-story high-rise building is taken as an example, but the configuration of the 10th and 9th floor sections of this 10-story building can be applied to a two-story low-rise building. This is because it is expected that the pressure distribution will be the same if the height difference from the roof is the same.

1 is a plan view of a multilayer building according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the multilayer building of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the pressure distribution in the multilayer building of FIG. It is a graph explaining the result of having simulated the relationship between the number of floors in the multilayer building of FIG. It is a graph explaining the result of having simulated the relationship between the area index and the air volume in the multilayer building of FIG. It is a graph which shows the result of having calculated the pressure distribution in the simulation of FIGS. It is a top view of the modification of the building of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the building of FIG. It is a top view of the multilayer building which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the building of the XX direction of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the building of the XI-XI direction of FIG. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the conventional building.

Explanation of symbols

2 ... multilayer building 4 ... wells 6 ... communicating port 8 ... inner wall 10 ... outer wall 14 ... vent hole 18 ... partition wall 18a ... lateral wall 18b ... vertical tube portion 20 ... duct _{S 1,} S 2 _... sections _{P 1,} P 2 _... Gravity Ventilation path

Claims (7)

It has a gravity ventilation path formed by a solid hole that passes from the lower floor of the building through the higher floor to the rooftop, and a communication port that connects this rigid hole and the floor of each floor,
It is a multi-layered building provided to vent the building upward from each floor through this gravity ventilation path,
The building is divided into a plurality of sections S ₁ , S ₂ ... Consisting of one floor or a series of floors,
And corresponding to each section, the above-mentioned rigid hole 4 is separated into vent holes 14 that communicate with the communication ports 6 of all the floors in each section S ₁ , S ₂ . A multi-story building with gravity ventilation.   Each of the vent holes 14 is formed by dividing the inside of one rigid hole 4 by a partition wall 18, and is a multi-layer building having a gravity ventilation path.   The upper floor occupying about 1/3 of the upper part of the building is configured to ventilate separately from other floors as at least one section, according to any one of claims 1 and 2. Multi-story building with gravity ventilation path.   4. The multi-layer building with gravity ventilation path according to claim 1, wherein the number of floors belonging to each section of the building decreases from the lower side to the upper side of the building. . Any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an effective opening area of the vent hole 14 corresponding to each section S ₁ , S ₂ ... is larger in the upper floor than in the lower floor. Multi-story building with gravity ventilation path as described in Crab. The sum of the opening areas of the communication ports 6 of all the floors of the section is made smaller than the effective opening area of the vent hole 14 corresponding to each section S ₁ , S ₂ . The multilayer building provided with the gravity ventilation path in any one of Claims 1-5. A dedicated ventilation path installed for the upper part of a high-rise building or a ventilation path structure for all levels of a low-rise building,
A vent hole 14 having an upper end opening extending to the roof along each floor of the target floor, and a communication port 6 formed between the vent hole and the floor of each floor,
The building is characterized in that the opening area of the communication opening or the ventilation path is adjusted so that the ratio of the total opening area Σ _i A _i of the communication opening 6 and the effective opening area Ae of the ventilation hole 14 satisfies the following equation: Ventilation path structure.
[Equation _{1] Σ i A i / Ae} <Σ i (2i-1) 0.5 (i = 1,2, ... n)
Where n is the total number of floors in the same hole.

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