JP2009009007A - Image reading apparatus and image forming apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive, compact and high quality image reading apparatus by using an inexpensive imaging lens including small number of lenses and providing a sufficient viewing angle and brightness. <P>SOLUTION: The image reading apparatus includes: an illumination system which illuminates a document; an imaging element which images reflected light from the document illuminated by the illumination system; a light-receiving element which photoelectrically converts the image of the document imaged by the imaging element into an image signal; and an image processing part which filters the image signal from the light-receiving element. The image reading apparatus includes a color separator means which color-separates the reflected light into at least three kinds of wavelength regions in the arbitrary optical path of an imaging optical system using the illumination system or the imaging element. The image processing part has an image processing function to convert the image signal into brightness/color difference signals or luminance/chromaticity signals to perform the filter process. The imaging element satisfies a following expression (1): 0.001<¾f-fe¾/fe, provided that f: focal distance for the C-line or the F-line and fe: focal distance for a reference wavelength e-line. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an image reading apparatus and an image forming apparatus using the image reading apparatus, and particularly to a low-cost, compact and high-quality image reading apparatus.

  In a document reading section (image reading device) such as a digital copying machine, a facsimile machine, and an image scanner, a document image is imaged on a photoelectric conversion element, which is a light receiving element, by an optical system to convert the document image into an electrical signal. Here, in order to read document information in color, the illumination system is provided with a plurality of light sources having different wavelength regions, and the light source is sequentially turned on to convert the color information of the document into a signal. A so-called three-line CCD in which line sensors having green and blue filters are arranged in three rows on one chip is used, and an original image is formed on this light receiving element to separate the three primary colors into color image information. There is a way to signal.

  In addition, as image processing, filter processing (spatial filter processing) is generally performed on digital image signals for the purpose of improving the sharpness of the image and improving the smoothness of the image. In particular, in image processing that handles image signals read by a scanner, such as a digital copying machine, MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) correction for improving character sharpness and smoothing processing for suppressing blind spot moire are indispensable. It is processing.

  Conventionally, filter processing in a color copying machine is generally performed on signals of three primary colors such as RGB or CMYK or three primary colors + 1 color (black; K), but recently, luminance / color difference signals. In addition, a technique of performing filter processing on a signal that considers a color attribute using lightness / chromaticity signals or lightness / saturation / hue signals is becoming mainstream.

  The first advantage of the luminance / color difference filter processing is that it is possible to perform filter processing taking into account human visual characteristics (such as high sensitivity for luminance and low sensitivity for color difference). Second, it is possible to easily adjust the intensity of edge enhancement and smoothing, the degree of signal correction, etc. according to the characteristics of the input image, such as saturation, for luminance signals and color difference signals. It is in the point.

  In addition, a reading lens used in such an image reading apparatus is generally required to have high contrast in a high spatial frequency region on the image plane and to have an aperture efficiency close to 100% up to the periphery of the angle of view. Yes. Furthermore, in order to read a color original satisfactorily, it is necessary to make the image forming positions of red, green, and blue colors coincide with the optical axis direction on the light receiving surface, and chromatic aberration correction for each color must be made extremely good. For this reason, it is necessary to design the reading lens to be used so that the curvature of field is very small and the imaging performance at each image height from the vicinity of the optical axis to the periphery is uniform.

  Furthermore, in recent years, in order to meet the demand for improving the productivity of copying, a bright lens of about F4.2 is demanded for the reading lens. As an imaging lens for satisfying these performances and usage values, it is compared. A Gauss type with 4 elements in 6 groups, which suppresses the occurrence of coma flare and has a high ability to correct chromatic aberration, is used.

  Here, in order to satisfactorily correct axial chromatic aberration using a Gaussian type, at least one of the third and fourth lenses, which is a negative lens, has so-called anomalous dispersion having a partial dispersion deviation having a positive property. An invention for obtaining good performance using glass is disclosed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 6).

  However, since the Gauss type has as many as six lenses, the outer diameter of the lens becomes large, and there is a limit to miniaturization and cost reduction of the lens and a device using the lens. Furthermore, anomalous dispersion glass having a relatively high dispersion (Abbe number in the vicinity of 40 to 45) generally used for a negative lens has a problem on the processing surface such as faintness, and has a demerit that increases processing costs. It was.

  On the other hand, the inventions described in Patent Documents 7 and 8 have been disclosed as telephoto type inventions having a four-group four-lens configuration and a small number of lens configurations. Both of these inventions have a dark F number of 6 or more. , Could not cope with the speeding up. Patent Documents 9 and 10 disclose an invention that achieves a large aperture with a telephoto type. However, although the invention described in Patent Document 9 has a relatively large aperture with an F number of 4.5, the amount of absolute aberration is very large, and imaging performance that can be used for high-density reading such as 600 dpi, for example. The invention described in Patent Document 10 has an F number of 4 and a large aperture, but the chromatic aberration of magnification of the C-line or F-line is very large and has no performance that can be used for full color.

Patent Publication No. 2729039 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2790919 JP-A-9-304696 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-253881 JP-A-11-109221 JP 2001-166359 A JP 2002-31753 A JP 2001-166359 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 3856258 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-101542

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and is low in cost by using an imaging lens that can obtain a sufficient angle of view and brightness at a low cost with a small number of lenses. An object of the present invention is to provide a compact and high-quality image reading apparatus and an image forming apparatus using the image reading apparatus.

In order to solve the above problems, an image reading apparatus according to the present invention and an image forming apparatus using the image reading apparatus have technical features described in the following (1) to (14).
(1): an illumination system that illuminates the original, an imaging element that forms an image of reflected light from the original illuminated by the illumination system, and a photoelectric conversion of the original image formed by the imaging element into an image signal In an image reading apparatus having a light receiving element that performs a filtering process on an image signal from the light receiving element, in an arbitrary optical path of the imaging optical system using the illumination system or the imaging element, An image having color separation means for color-separating the reflected light into at least three types of wavelength regions, wherein the image processing unit converts the image signal into a luminance / color difference signal or a brightness / chromaticity signal and performs filter processing An image reading apparatus having a processing function, wherein the imaging element satisfies the following expression (1).
0.001 <| f−fe | / fe (1) (however,
f: focal length at C line (656.27 nm) or F line (486.13 nm),
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). )

(2): The image reading apparatus according to (1), wherein the imaging element satisfies the following expression (2).
| F−fe | / fe <0.0045 (2)
f: focal length at C line (656.27 nm) or F line (486.13 nm),
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). )

(3): In the image reading apparatus according to the above (1) or (2), the imaging element includes a positive power first lens, a negative power second lens, and a positive power in order from the object side. The image reading apparatus includes a third lens and a negative power fourth lens.

(4): In the image reading apparatus according to (3), the imaging element includes a meniscus shape in which the first lens has a convex surface facing the object side, the second lens is a biconcave lens, and the third lens is a biconvex lens. The fourth lens is an image reading device having a meniscus shape with a concave surface facing the object side and having a diaphragm between the second lens and the third lens.

(5): The image reading apparatus according to (3) or (4), wherein the imaging element satisfies both of the following expressions (3) and (4): It is.
0.05 <n convex-n concave <0.25 (3) Formula 25.0 <ν convex-ν concave <36.5 Formula (4)
n-convex: the total refractive index of the positive lens (first lens, third lens) at the d-line (587.56 nm),
n-concave: Total refractive index of d-line (587.56 nm) of the negative lens (second lens, fourth lens),
v-convex: the sum of the Abbe numbers of the positive lens (first lens, third lens) on the d-line (587.56 nm).
ν-concave: the sum of the Abbe numbers of d-line (587.56 nm) of the negative lens (second lens, fourth lens). )

(6): The image reading apparatus according to any one of (3) to (5), wherein the imaging element satisfies the following expression (5).
31.0 <fL1 × ν1 / fe <37.0 (5) (where
fL1: focal length at e-line (546.07 nm) of the first lens,
ν1: Abbe number of the first lens,
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). )

(7): The image reading apparatus according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the image signal is an RGB signal.

(8): The image reading apparatus according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the imaging element is an imaging lens that reduces the reflected light to form an image. Device.

(9): In the image reading apparatus according to any one of (1) to (8), the imaging element is a glass lens, and the glass material does not contain a harmful substance. The image reading apparatus.

(10) The image forming apparatus according to (9), wherein the harmful substances are lead and arsenic.

(11): The image reading apparatus according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the imaging elements are all formed of a spherical surface.

(12): An image forming apparatus for writing an image corresponding to an image signal to form an image, and as means for reading an original in full color and converting it to an image signal, any one of (1) to (11) above An image forming apparatus comprising the image reading apparatus described in 1 above.

(13): The image forming apparatus according to (12), wherein the image corresponding to the image signal is written by optical writing.

(14) The image forming apparatus according to (13), wherein an electrostatic latent image corresponding to an image to be formed is formed on a photoconductive photoreceptor by optical writing. .

According to the image reading apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a sufficient angle of view and brightness even when a compact and low-cost imaging lens having a reduced number of components is used as the imaging element. High-precision image reading can be performed without causing a decrease.
Further, according to the image forming apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a sufficient angle of view and brightness by using the image reading apparatus of the present invention, and it is possible to read a document satisfactorily. Good image formation without pixel shift for each color is possible.

The basic configuration of the image reading apparatus of the present invention and an image forming apparatus using the image reading apparatus will be described below.
The embodiments described below are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and thus various technically preferable limitations are given. However, the scope of the present invention is particularly limited in the following description. Unless otherwise stated, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

The image forming apparatus according to the present invention has an image reading apparatus according to the present invention, which will be described later, as means for reading a document image in full color to form an image signal, and forms an image by writing an image corresponding to the image signal. It is characterized by. In this image forming apparatus, the image signal can be written by various known methods such as an ink jet method, an ink ribbon method, and a thermal method. However, an image corresponding to the image signal can be written by optical writing. Is preferred. Further, in this case, writing by optical writing may be performed on a silver salt film or the like, but the optical latent image corresponding to the image to be formed is formed by optical writing on the photoconductive photoreceptor. Is preferred.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the image forming apparatus according to the present invention having the above-described configuration will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a digital full-color copying machine as an embodiment of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention.
The image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes a scanner 1 serving as a document reading unit, a scanner correction unit (not shown), a filter processing unit (not shown), a color correction processing unit (not shown), and a BG / UCR processing unit (not shown). And an image forming unit that forms an image corresponding to an image signal of a document image read by the document reading device. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the document reading unit is arranged at the upper part of the image forming apparatus, and the image forming unit is arranged at the lower part of the image forming apparatus.

Here, an image reading apparatus according to the present invention forms an image with an illumination system that illuminates a document, an imaging element that forms an image of reflected light from the document illuminated by the illumination system, and the imaging element. An image processing apparatus comprising: a light receiving element that photoelectrically converts a document image into an image signal; and an image processing unit (the first image processing unit) that performs a filtering process on the image signal from the light receiving element. In any optical path of an imaging optical system using an imaging element, color separation means for color-separating the reflected light into at least three types of wavelength regions is provided, and the image processing unit converts the image signal into luminance / An image reading device having an image processing function of performing a filter process by converting to a color difference signal or a lightness / chromaticity signal, and the imaging element satisfies the following expression (1).
0.001 <| f−fe | / fe (1) (however,
f: focal length at C line (656.27 nm) or F line (486.13 nm),
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). )

FIG. 2 shows an example in which a so-called three-line CCD is used as a light receiving element as a configuration example of the scanner 1 which is an image reading apparatus according to the present invention.
In the scanner 1, the document 102 is disposed on the contact glass 101, and the document 102 is illuminated by an illumination optical system 107 disposed below the contact glass 101. The illumination reflected light L of the document 102 is reflected by the first mirror 103a of the first traveling body 103, and then reflected by the first mirror 104a and the second mirror 104b of the second traveling body 104, and the reduced imaging lens. It is guided to (imaging element) 105 and imaged on each line sensor 106R, 106G, 106B of line sensor unit 106 by imaging lens 105.

  When the longitudinal direction of the original 102 is read, the first traveling body 103 moves from the left end in the drawing to the right (103 ′) at the speed V in the right direction, and at the same time, the second traveling body 104 is moved. However, the optical path length from the document 102 to the line sensor unit 106 is always moved from the left end in the drawing to the right at the half speed of the first traveling body 103 to the position (104 ′) in the center in the right direction. Read the entire document as a constant.

  Here, as the image reading optical system, in addition to the above-described system, as shown in FIG. 3, the optical path is folded back by a plurality of mirrors (the number is arbitrary), and the imaging lens 105 and the line sensor 106 are integrated units. 108, and the whole integrated unit 108 may be moved to read the document information.

  The line sensor unit 106 has a configuration in which three lines of line sensors 106R, 106G, and 106B, which are line CCDs, are arranged in parallel in one chip so that the longitudinal direction thereof coincides with the sub-scanning direction (the vertical direction in the drawing). This is a so-called 3-line CCD). Further, a filter (R, G, B filter (the illumination reflected light L is converted into red (R)) for color-separating the illumination reflected light L into light of three types of wavelength regions corresponding to the line sensors 106R, 106G, 106B. A filter for color separation into light in the wavelength region, a filter for color separation of the illumination reflected light L into light in the green (G) wavelength region, and a filter for color separation of the illumination reflected light L into light in the blue (B) wavelength region) ) Is arranged in front of the sensor.

  Here, as a color separation method (color separation means), a color separation prism or filter is selectively inserted between the imaging lens 5 and the line sensors 106R, 106G, 106B as described above, and R, G, B However, any method may be used as long as the original 102 is illuminated by sequentially turning on the R, G, and B light sources.

  Next, predetermined image processing is performed on the RGB image data obtained by color separation by the line sensor unit 106 in the first image processing unit, and writing image signals (yellow, magenta, cyan, and black) are written. Y, M, C, K data, which is a signal converted into a signal for output). Details of this image processing will be described later.

The image forming unit in FIG. 1 includes a second image processing unit and an image output unit.
The second image processing unit is configured to include a printer γ correction processing unit and a halftone processing unit, which will be described later, and image data (the Y, M, C, and K data input to the second image processing unit). ) Is a printer γ correction process and a gradation process, and a quantum process of image data is performed by correcting a light / dark characteristic of the image output unit, an error diffusion process according to the gradation characteristic of the image output unit, and a dither process. To output data to the image output unit. Note that the first image processing unit and the second image processing unit may be provided together in the image processing unit 1200 shown in the drawing.
Next, based on the image data input from the image processing unit, the image output unit writes the image data to form an image.

  Here, the image output unit has a photoconductive photoconductor 1100 formed in a cylindrical shape as a “latent image carrier”, around which a charging roller 1110 as a charging unit and a revolver-type developing device 1130 are provided. A transfer belt 1140 and a cleaning device 1150 are provided. As the charging means, a “corona charger” can be used instead of the charging roller 1110.

An optical scanning device 1170 that receives a signal for writing from the image processing unit 1200 and writes to the photosensitive member 1100 by optical scanning performs optical scanning of the photosensitive member 1100 between the charging roller 1110 and the developing device 1130. ing.
Reference numeral 1160 denotes a fixing device, reference numeral 1180 denotes a cassette, reference numeral 1190 denotes a registration roller pair, reference numeral 1220 denotes a paper feed roller, reference numeral 1210 denotes a tray, and reference numeral S denotes a transfer sheet as a “recording medium”.

  When image formation is performed, the photoconductive photoreceptor 1100 is rotated at a constant speed in the clockwise direction, the surface thereof is uniformly charged by the charging roller 1110, and is subjected to exposure by optical writing of the laser beam of the optical scanning device 1170. An electrostatic latent image is formed. The formed electrostatic latent image is a so-called “negative latent image”, and the image portion is exposed.

  “Image writing” is performed in the order of a yellow image, a magenta image, a cyan image, and a black image in accordance with the rotation of the photoconductor 1100, and the formed electrostatic latent image is stored in each developing unit Y ( Development with yellow toner), M (development with magenta toner), C (development with cyan toner), K (development with black toner) are sequentially reversed and visualized as a positive image. The respective color toner images are sequentially transferred onto the transfer belt 1140 by the transfer voltage application roller 114A, and the respective color toner images are superimposed on the transfer belt 1140 to form a color image.

  The cassette 1180 containing the transfer paper S is detachable from the main body of the image forming apparatus, and the uppermost sheet of the stored transfer paper S is fed by the paper feed roller 1220 when mounted as shown in the figure. The leading edge of the fed transfer paper S is caught by the registration roller pair 1190.

  The registration roller pair 1190 feeds the transfer sheet S to the transfer unit at the timing when the “color image by toner” on the transfer belt 1140 moves to the transfer position. The transferred transfer paper S is superimposed on the color image at the transfer portion, and the color image is electrostatically transferred by the action of the transfer roller 114B. The transfer roller 114B presses the transfer sheet S against the color image during transfer.

The transfer sheet S on which the color image is transferred is sent to the fixing device 1160, where the color image is fixed in the fixing device 1160, passes through a conveyance path by a guide means (not shown), and is discharged onto the tray 1210 by a pair of paper discharge rollers (not shown). The
Further, each time the toner image of each color is transferred, the surface of the photoreceptor 1100 is cleaned by the cleaning device 1150, and residual toner, paper dust, and the like are removed.

Next, the flow of image signal processing in the digital full-color copying machine of FIG. 1 will be described.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the image signal processing of the image processing unit in the first embodiment of the image forming apparatus according to the present invention.
The image processing unit includes a scanner unit 3-1, a scanner γ correction processing unit 3-2, a filter processing unit 3-3, a color correction processing unit 3-4, a BG / UCR processing unit 3-5, and a printer. A gamma correction processing unit 3-6, an intermediate processing unit 3-7, a printer unit 3-8, a CPU 3-9, an operation unit 3-10, and a data bus 3-11 are provided.

  Next, an outline of the image processing operation in FIG. 4 will be described. When a start button (not shown) of the operation unit is pressed, prior to the copying operation, the CPU sets the parameters of each image processing via the data bus in accordance with the copying mode set by the user in advance. γ correction unit 3-2, filter processing unit 3-3, color correction processing unit 3-4, BG / UCR processing unit 3-5, printer γ correction processing unit 3-6, intermediate processing unit 3-7) . Note that a normal copying machine has a copy mode of characters, characters / photos, photographs, etc., depending on the type of document, etc., and image processing parameters, etc. are switched according to this setting. Since such a technique is publicly known, the details are omitted. After setting this parameter, the scanner unit 3-1 starts a document reading operation. The image data read by the scanner unit 3-1 is subjected to image processing by the image processing unit, and then output to the printer unit 3-8 and printed on recording paper (not shown).

  The scanner unit 3-1 optically reads a color original, performs photoelectric conversion to an 8-bit (0 to 255) digital image signal (rgb signal), performs a known shading correction, and performs a scanner γ correction processing unit. Output to 3-2.

  The scanner γ correction unit 3-2 converts a digital image signal rgb (red, green, blue) signal input from the scanner into an RGB signal that is a density signal using an LUT (Look Up Table) or the like. The RGB signal is output to the filter processing unit 3-3.

  The filter processing unit 3-3 converts the RGB signal input from the scanner γ processing correction unit 3-2 into an LUV signal, and then performs luminance / color difference filter processing on the LUV signal, so that the color correction processing unit 3 Output to -4. A detailed configuration of the filtering process will be described later.

  The color correction processing unit 3-4 performs color conversion processing on the RGB signal input from the filter processing unit 3-3 to convert it into a CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) signal, and a BG / UCR processing unit 3-5. Output to. As the color conversion process, for example, RGB-CMY conversion can be performed using the following equations (I) to (III).

C = α11 × R + α12 × G + α13 × B + β1 (I) Formula M = α21 × R + α22 × G + α23 × B + β2 (II) Formula Y = α31 × R + α32 × G + α33 × B + β3 (III) Formula (where α11 to α33 and β1 to β3 are The predetermined color correction coefficient, CMY, is an 8-bit (0 to 255) signal.)

  The BG / UCR processing unit 3-5 generates a K signal as a black component (BG) based on the CMY signal input from the color correction processing unit, and performs under color removal (UCR) on the CMY signal. Then, the CMYK signal is output to the printer γ correction processing unit 3-6. Here, the generation of the K signal and the removal of the undercolor from the CMY signal can be performed by, for example, the following formulas (IV) to (VII).

K = Min (C, M, Y) × β4 (IV) Formula C ′ = C−K × β5 (V) Formula M ′ = M−K × β5 (VI) Formula Y ′ = Y−K × β5 (VII ) Expression (where Min (C, M, Y) represents the smallest of the CMY signals, β4, β5 are predetermined coefficients, and C ′, M ′, Y ′ are 8 bits (0 to 0). 255).)

  The printer γ correction processing unit 3-6 performs γ correction processing by LUT for each color of the CMYK signal input to the BG / UCR processing unit 3-5 so as to correspond to the printer γ characteristics, and performs γ correction processing. The subsequent CMYK signal is output to the intermediate processing unit 3-7.

  The intermediate processing unit 3-7 performs pseudo longitudinal processing such as known dither processing and error diffusion processing on the CMYK signal after the printer γ correction processing input from the printer γ correction processing unit 3-7, thereby performing pseudo intermediate processing. The subsequent CMYK signals are output to the printer unit 3-8.

  In the printer unit 3-8, a series of image forming processes are performed by the CMYK signal after the pseudo intermediate processing input from the halftone processing unit 3-7, and the image is printed on paper or the like.

Next, the configuration and operation of the above-described filter processing unit 3-3 will be described in detail.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the filter processing unit 3-3 in FIG.
The filter processing unit 3-3 includes a first signal conversion processing unit (RGB-LUV conversion unit) 4-1, a filter processing unit 4-3 provided for each of L, U, and V, and a second signal conversion. And a processing unit (RGB-LUV conversion unit) 4-5.

  The first signal conversion processing unit (RGB-LUV conversion unit) 4-1 converts the CMY signal input from the color correction unit 3-4 into an LUV signal (L: luminance signal, UV: color difference) that is a luminance / color difference signal. Signal) and output to the filter processing unit 4-3. Here, the conversion to the LUV signal can be performed by the following equations (VIII) to (X).

L = floor {(R + 2 * G + B) / 4} (VIII) Expression U = RG (IX) Expression V = BG (X) Expression (where “floor {}” represents a floor function)

  The above formulas (VIII) to (X) are adopted in JPG2000, which is a standard compression method succeeding JPEG, and can be realized only by bit shift and addition / subtraction, and can be converted to a luminance / color difference signal that can be reversibly converted by integer arithmetic. This is the conversion formula.

  The filter processing unit 4-3 performs filter processing on the L signal, the U signal, and the V signal respectively input from the first signal conversion processing unit, and outputs the L ′ signal, the U ′ signal, and the V ′ signal. It outputs to the 2nd signal conversion part 4-5. Here, in the filter processing to be performed, for example, a convolution operation is performed by a filter with a filter coefficient shown in FIG. 6A or 6B. FIG. 6A shows an example of the smoothing filter, and FIG. 6B shows an example of the edge enhancement filter.

  These filter coefficients may be changed depending on the copy mode or the like. Also, different filter coefficients may be used for the L signal and the UV signal, and it is preferable to increase the influence of the filter on the L signal compared to the UV signal. Furthermore, the image area separation process, which is a known technique, may be used to determine and separate the image area of the image, and the filter may be switched based on the separation result. Since the filter coefficient is a factor that greatly affects the image quality, it is usually determined based on experiments for each device. In general, when such filter processing is performed, a line memory corresponding to “sub-scanning direction size−1” lines of the filter coefficient (3-1 = 2 in the case of the filter in FIG. 6) is required. Here, illustration is omitted for simplification of description.

  The second signal conversion processing unit 4-5 uses the L ′ signal, U ′ signal, and V ′ signal input from the filter processing unit 4-3 as R ′ signal and G ′ signal according to the following equations (XI) to (XIII). , B ′ signal and output to the BG / UCR processing unit 3-5.

G ′ = L−floor {(U + V) / 4} (XI) Formula R ′ = U + G (XII) Formula B ′ = V + G (XIII) Formula (where “floor {}” represents a floor function)

  In addition, when performing reversible transformation such as compression processing, reversible transformation is possible by using the floor function as in the above formulas (VIII) to (XIII), but it is not always necessary to use the floor function. Rounding off or truncation may be used.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the spectral reflectance of a general ink used for printing an original. FIG. 8 shows an example of the spectral transmittance of a color filter used in a 3-line CCD.
Normally, in a wavelength region where the reflectance of ink is high, the change in the amount of received light due to the presence or absence of ink is small and there is no difference in intensity, making it difficult to detect document information.

In the case of cyan ink, the reflectance is high in the wavelength region corresponding to the B signal, but the reflectance is almost 0% in the wavelength region corresponding to the R signal, and the cyan ink is obtained using the complementary R signal. It is possible to detect the document information printed by. However, since the reflectance is low even in the wavelength region corresponding to the G signal, the document information can be detected even with the G signal for cyan ink. In other words, by converting RGB signals to LUV signals and performing filter processing on L signals to which the contribution of G signals is large, there is no problem even if the imaging performance in the wavelength region corresponding to R signals is somewhat degraded. Therefore, it is not necessary to correct the R axial chromatic aberration as in the conventional color original reading lens.
The same can be said for black ink.

  In the case of yellow ink, the reflectance is high in the wavelength region corresponding to the R / G signal, and the reflectance is almost 0% in the wavelength region corresponding to the B signal. That is, when there is information printed with yellow ink, the intensity of the B signal is very small, and when there is no information printed with yellow ink, the intensity is strong, so the B signal was used to print with yellow ink. The presence or absence of information can be detected. For this reason, in order to satisfactorily detect document information printed with yellow ink, imaging performance in the wavelength region corresponding to the B signal is required. However, since yellow ink is a color with high brightness, The need for edge enhancement is low due to its characteristics. That is, there is no problem even if the MTF having a high spatial frequency is deteriorated due to the occurrence of axial chromatic aberration with respect to the yellow ink.

Here, the reason why the longitudinal chromatic aberration can be deteriorated will be described in detail with reference to an MTF versus defocus curve (MD curve) diagram shown in FIG. Here, R1, G1, and B1 represent RGB low spatial frequency MTFs, and R2, G2, and B3 represent RGB high spatial frequency MTFs, respectively.
In FIG. 9, if axial chromatic aberration occurs in a wavelength region that has a large influence on the B signal, the MTF peaks for the B signal are not aligned. However, although the high spatial frequency MTF is greatly deteriorated, it can be seen that the MTF of the low spatial frequency is small in depth because the depth is wide.
In addition, since it is possible to suppress coloring around black characters, it is desirable to perform chromatic / achromatic color region separation. When performing chromatic / achromatic color separation, an MTF with a low spatial frequency is required, and therefore it is preferable that the degradation of the MTF at a low spatial frequency is small.

Therefore, even if a compact and low-cost imaging lens with a reduced number of components is used, the image reading apparatus can perform high-precision image reading.
The following formula (1) defines the allowable value of the axial chromatic aberration of R or B at this time. When the range of the conditional formula (1) is exceeded, the chromatic aberration is in a good state. In addition, advanced color correction is required, increasing the number of lens components and increasing the overall length of the lens.

0.001 <| f−fe | / fe (1) (however,
f: focal length at C line (656.27 nm) or F line (486.13 nm),
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). )

The imaging element in the present invention preferably satisfies the range of the above formula (1),
0.0015 <| f−fe | / fe (1) ′ is more preferable,
0.002 <| f−fe | / fe (1) ″ is more preferable.

  However, if large axial chromatic aberration occurs, image performance related to color deteriorates, and it is desirable to satisfy the following expression (2).

| F−fe | / fe <0.0045 (2)
f: focal length at C line (656.27 nm) or F line (486.13 nm),
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). )

  The imaging lens 105, which is an imaging element, is composed of a first lens having a positive power, a second lens having a negative power, a third lens having a positive power, and a fourth lens having a negative power in order from the object side. It is preferable.

  Further, the imaging lens 105 has a meniscus shape in which the first lens has a convex surface facing the object side, the second lens has a biconcave lens, the third lens has a biconvex lens, and the fourth lens has a meniscus shape in which the concave surface faces the object side. Thus, it is preferable to have a stop between the second lens and the third lens.

  The above configuration shows a specific configuration of the imaging lens 105. With this configuration, the imaging performance that has been achieved with a so-called Gauss type lens having a configuration of 4 elements in 4 groups and a configuration of 4 elements in 4 groups can be achieved. Good imaging performance can also be obtained as a so-called telephoto type lens.

  In addition, as the imaging element, there are a reduction optical system that reduces and forms document information and an equal magnification imaging optical system that forms original information at the same magnification. Either of the optical systems may be applied to the image forming apparatus and the image reading apparatus of the present invention. However, a high-precision image can be obtained even when the depth of the document surface is deep and the document is floating without contacting the contact glass. Since reading is possible, it is preferable to use a reduction optical system.

The image reading apparatus is required to have a uniform and high contrast from the vicinity of the optical axis to the periphery in a high spatial frequency region. Therefore, it is necessary for the imaging lens 105 to correct the curvature of field well. In particular, in order to make the contrast in the sub-scanning direction uniform, the curvature of field in the sagittal direction is favorably corrected and coma aberration is reduced. It is necessary to keep it small. Also, it is required that the aperture efficiency is close to 100% up to the periphery of the angle of view. Further, it is necessary to satisfactorily correct lateral chromatic aberration in order to suppress color misregistration.
Therefore, it is preferable that the imaging lens 105 satisfies both the following expressions (3) and (4).

0.05 <n convex-n concave <0.25 (3) Formula 25.0 <ν convex-ν concave <36.5 Formula (4)
n-convex: the total refractive index of the positive lens (first lens, third lens) at the d-line (587.56 nm),
n-concave: Total refractive index of d-line (587.56 nm) of the negative lens (second lens, fourth lens),
v-convex: the sum of the Abbe numbers of the positive lens (first lens, third lens) on the d-line (587.56 nm).
ν-concave: the sum of the Abbe numbers of d-line (587.56 nm) of the negative lens (second lens, fourth lens). )

In order to satisfy the above performance, the above formulas (3) and (4) define the material used for the imaging lens 105, and the above formula (3) is a convex lens constituting the imaging lens. If the upper limit is exceeded, the Petzval sum becomes too small, and the image surface falls to the positive side and the curvature of field increases. If the lower limit is exceeded, the Petzval sum becomes too large, the image surface falls to the negative side, and the astigmatism increases.Under this condition, good imaging performance can be obtained over the entire screen. Disappear.
The above equation (4) is a condition for satisfactorily correcting the axial chromatic aberration. If the upper limit is exceeded, the axial chromatic aberration will be overcorrected, and the axial chromatic aberration will become larger on the positive side at shorter wavelengths than the reference wavelength. If the lower limit is exceeded, the axial chromatic aberration is insufficiently corrected, and the axial chromatic aberration becomes larger on the negative side at a shorter wavelength than the main wavelength.
As described above, if the range defined by the above equations (3) and (4) is not satisfied, the performance required for the imaging lens 105 cannot be satisfied.

The imaging lens 105 preferably satisfies the following expression (5).
31.0 <fL1 × ν1 / fe <37.0 (5) (where
fL1: focal length at e-line (546.07 nm) of the first lens,
ν1: Abbe number of the first lens,
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). )

  Conditions for satisfying the ranges defined in the above formulas (3) and (4), further satisfying image processing performance and read image quality, and reducing the cost of the imaging lens are the above (5). It is a formula. Below the lower limit of the above expression (5), the power of the first lens becomes too strong, so that coma increases and axial chromatic aberration becomes too large. On the other hand, if the upper limit is exceeded, the power of the first lens becomes too loose and the entire lens becomes large, and it becomes impossible to achieve cost reduction and size reduction.

The imaging lens 105 is a glass lens, and the glass material preferably contains no harmful substances. In particular, the harmful substances are more preferably lead and arsenic.
All lenses are made of optical glass that is chemically stable and does not contain harmful substances such as lead and arsenic, so that materials can be recycled and there is no water pollution caused by waste liquid during processing, saving resources and processing. It is possible to reduce the CO _{2 and the} like that are sometimes generated, and to obtain a small and low-cost reading lens in consideration of the global environment.

The imaging lens 105 is preferably composed of a spherical surface.
Currently, aspherical lenses are used in digital cameras and other devices. However, if the outer diameter of the aspherical lens increases, it may take time during molding, resulting in increased processing costs and a poor surface shape. is there. Therefore, the reading lens of the present invention can be a lens having a good workability and surface shape accuracy without any size limitation by constituting all surfaces with spherical surfaces.

Examples of the reading lens of the present invention are shown below. Here, the configuration and specifications of the reading lens that is the imaging element 105 were changed, and the optical characteristics were verified.
Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the reading lens is arranged in the first lens L1, the second lens L2, the diaphragm I, the third lens L3, and the fourth lens L4 array on the optical axis from the object side. The radius of curvature of the i-th lens surface counted from the object side is ri, the surface interval on the optical axis between the i-th plate and the i + 1-th lens surface is di, and the j-th lens is counted from the object side. The refractive indexes and Abbe numbers of these materials are nj and νj, respectively (specifically, the refractive indexes for the d-line, e-line, F-line, and C-line are ndj, nej, nFj, and nCj, respectively). Note that i = 5 for the diaphragm I provided between the second lens L2 and the third lens L3. Further, the refractive index and Abbe number of the material of the contact glass 101 and the CCD cover glass 106c of the line sensor unit 106 in the image reading device are nc3 and ν3, respectively (specifically, d-line, e-line, F-line, (Refer to ndc3, nec3, nFc3, and nCc3, respectively, as the refractive indexes for the C line.)

The meanings of symbols in each example are as follows.
fe: Total focal length of e-line of the entire system FNo: F number m: Reduction ratio ω: Half angle of view (degrees)
Y: object height ri (i = 1-9): radius of curvature of i-th lens surface counted from the object side di (i = 1-8): i-th surface interval nj (j = 1) counted from the object side 4): Refractive index vj of the material of the jth lens counted from the object side (j = 1 to 4): Abbe number rc1 of the material of the jth lens counted from the object side rc1: Curvature of the object side of the contact glass Radius rc2: Image radius of contact glass rc3: Curvature radius cc4 of the CCD cover glass object side curvature radius dc1: CCD glass thickness dc3: CCD cover glass thickness nc1: Refractive index nc3 of CCD cover glass: Refractive index vc1 of contact glass: Abbe number of contact glass vc3: Abbe number of CCD cover glass nd: Refractive index of d-line (587.56 nm) ne: Refractive index of e-line (546.07 nm) nF: Refractive index of F-line (486.13 nm) nC: Refractive index of C-line (656.27 nm)

(Examples 1-6)
FIG. 11 (Example 1), FIG. 13 (Example 2), FIG. 15 (Example 3), FIG. 17 (Example 4), and FIG. 5) and shown in FIG. 21 (Example 6). Tables 1 to 6 show the reading lens specifications and the glass material names used in Examples 1 to 6, respectively. Further, these aberration diagrams are shown in FIG. 12 (Example 1), FIG. 14 (Example 2), FIG. 16 (Example 3), FIG. 18 (Example 4), FIG. 20 (Example 5), and FIG. (Example 6)
In the aberration diagrams, e, F, and C are related to the e-line (546.07 nm), the F-line (486.13 nm), and the c-line (656.27 nm), respectively. In the spherical aberration diagram, the wavy line indicates the sine condition, and in the astigmatism diagram, the solid line indicates the sagittal ray, and the dotted line indicates the meridional ray.

Here, for comparison, a conventional example of a Gauss type having 4 elements in 4 groups is shown below.
FIG. 23 shows the configuration (schematic shape and positional relationship) of the reading lens, and Table 7 shows the specifications of the reading lens and the name of the glass material used. The symbols are the same as in the embodiment, but only the difference in the number of components is increased for the surface number. FIG. 24 shows aberration diagrams of the conventional example. The notation in this aberration diagram is the same as in the example.

  Table 8 shows the focal length fF of the F line, the focal length fe of the e line, and the focal length fC of the C line in Examples 1 to 6 and the conventional example. Further, Table 9 shows the values of the expressions (1) and (2) obtained using the values in Table 8.

  Furthermore, Table 10 shows the values of the expressions (3), (4), and (5) in Examples 1 to 6 and the conventional example.

  As is clear from the results of the example and the conventional example shown in the above conditional expressions and aberration diagrams, in the present example, compared to the conventional example, in the present example, on the axis of the C line (656.27 nm) corresponding to the R signal. As a result, the distance from the rear end of the imaging lens (final surface of the imaging lens) to the light receiving element in the actual use state is e-line (546) corresponding to the G signal which is the reference wavelength. .07 nm) is increasing. However, the image reading apparatus can perform highly accurate reading.

  Focusing on other aberrations, while the half angle of view exceeds 19 degrees, the distortion aberration is suppressed to as small as about ± 0.1%, and the field curvature, especially sagittal field curvature, is very small. In addition, although the coma aberration is a large aperture of F4.2, the flare component is corrected well and has the same performance as that of the conventional example, and is good in the entire region from the vicinity of the optical axis to the outermost periphery. It turns out that it has performance. Further, the chromatic aberration of magnification is suppressed to be smaller than that of the conventional example in spite of the large axial chromatic aberration, and the pixel shift for each color in the final image hardly occurs.

1 is a configuration diagram of a digital full-color copying machine that is an aspect of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure (1) of the scanner which is an image reading apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure (2) of the scanner which is an image reading apparatus which concerns on this invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an image processing system in the digital full-color copying machine of FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a detailed structure of a filter processing unit in the image processing system shown in FIG. 4. (A) It is a filter matrix which shows an example of the smoothing filter used in the filter process part shown in FIG. (B) It is a filter matrix which shows an example of the edge emphasis filter used in the filter process part shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the spectral reflection characteristic of the general ink used for original printing. It is an example of an output of a line sensor unit. It is a graph which shows the relationship (MD curve) between MTF and defocus. It is the schematic which shows the lens structure of the image formation element in an Example. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a schematic shape and an arrangement relationship of lenses of the imaging element according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an aberration curve diagram of Example 1. 6 is a diagram illustrating a schematic shape and an arrangement relationship of lenses of an imaging element according to Embodiment 2. FIG. FIG. 6 is an aberration curve diagram of Example 2. 6 is a diagram illustrating a schematic shape and an arrangement relationship of lenses of an imaging element according to Embodiment 3. FIG. FIG. 6 is an aberration curve diagram of Example 3. 6 is a diagram illustrating a schematic shape and an arrangement relationship of lenses of an imaging element according to Embodiment 4. FIG. FIG. 6 is an aberration curve diagram of Example 4. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a schematic shape and an arrangement relationship of lenses of an imaging element according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 6 is an aberration curve diagram of Example 5. 10 is a diagram illustrating a schematic shape and an arrangement relationship of lenses of an imaging element according to Embodiment 6. FIG. FIG. 6 is an aberration curve diagram of Example 6. It is a figure which shows schematic shape and arrangement | positioning relationship of the lens of the image formation element of a prior art example. It is an aberration curve figure of a prior art example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Scanner 101 Contact glass 102 Original 103, 103 '1st traveling body 103a, 104a, 104b Mirror 104, 104' 2nd traveling body 105 Imaging element 106 Line sensor unit 106R, 106G, 106B Line sensor 106c CCD cover glass 107 Illumination Optical system 108 Integrated unit 1100 Photoconductor 1110 Charging roller 1130 Developing device 1140 Transfer belt 114A Transfer potential applying roller 114B Transfer roller 1150 Cleaning device 1160 Fixing device 1170 Optical scanning device 1180 Cassette 1190 Registration roller pair 1200 Image processing unit 1210 Tray 1220 Feed Paper roller 3-1 Scanner unit 3-2 Scanner γ correction processing unit 3-3 Filter processing unit 3-4 Color correction processing unit 3-5 BG / UCR processing Unit 3-6 printer γ correction processing unit 3-7 halftone processing unit 3-8 printer unit 3-9 CPU
3-10 Operation unit 3-11 Data bus 4-1 First conversion processing unit 4-2 LUT
4-3 Filter processing unit 4-4 LUT
4-5 Second Signal Conversion Processing Unit I Aperture L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 Lens S Recording Medium

Claims (14)

An illumination system that illuminates the document;
An imaging element that forms an image of reflected light from a document illuminated by the illumination system;
A light receiving element that photoelectrically converts a document image formed by the imaging element into an image signal;
In an image reading apparatus having an image processing unit that performs a filtering process on an image signal from the light receiving element,
In any optical path of an imaging optical system using the illumination system or the imaging element, color separation means for color-separating the reflected light into at least three types of wavelength regions,
The image processing unit has an image processing function of converting the image signal into a luminance / color difference signal or a brightness / chromaticity signal and performing a filter process;
The image reading device satisfies the following expression (1).
0.001 <| f−fe | / fe (1) (however,
f: focal length at C line (656.27 nm) or F line (486.13 nm),
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). ) 2. The image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging element satisfies the following expression (2).
| F−fe | / fe <0.0045 (2)
f: focal length at C line (656.27 nm) or F line (486.13 nm),
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). )   3. The image reading device according to claim 1, wherein the imaging element includes, in order from the object side, a first lens having a positive power, a second lens having a negative power, a third lens having a positive power, and a negative power. An image reading apparatus comprising a fourth lens.   4. The image reading apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the imaging element includes a meniscus shape in which the first lens has a convex surface facing the object side, the second lens is a biconcave lens, the third lens is a biconvex lens, and the fourth lens is An image reading apparatus having a meniscus shape with a concave surface facing the object side and having a stop between the second lens and the third lens. 5. The image reading apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the imaging element satisfies both of the following formulas (3) and (4). 6.
0.05 <n convex-n concave <0.25 (3) Formula 25.0 <ν convex-ν concave <36.5 Formula (4)
n-convex: the total refractive index of the positive lens (first lens, third lens) at the d-line (587.56 nm),
n-concave: Total refractive index of d-line (587.56 nm) of the negative lens (second lens, fourth lens),
v-convex: the sum of the Abbe numbers of the positive lens (first lens, third lens) on the d-line (587.56 nm).
ν-concave: the sum of the Abbe numbers of d-line (587.56 nm) of the negative lens (second lens, fourth lens). ) 6. The image reading apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the imaging element satisfies the following expression (5).
31.0 <fL1 × ν1 / fe <37.0 (5) (where
fL1: focal length at e-line (546.07 nm) of the first lens,
ν1: Abbe number of the first lens,
fe: focal length at reference wavelength e-line (546.07 nm). )   7. The image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image signal is an RGB signal.   The image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging element is an imaging lens that forms an image by reducing the reflected light.   9. The image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging element is a glass lens, and the glass material does not contain a harmful substance.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the harmful substances are lead and arsenic.   The image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein all the imaging elements are formed of spherical surfaces. An image forming apparatus that forms an image by writing an image corresponding to an image signal,
An image forming apparatus comprising the image reading apparatus according to claim 1 as means for reading a document in full color to form an image signal.   13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the image corresponding to the image signal is written by optical writing.   14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 13, wherein an electrostatic latent image corresponding to an image to be formed is formed on a photoconductive photoreceptor by optical writing.

Images