JP2008520405A - Method for mixing and spraying treatment agents and for quickly producing stable aerosols, as well as apparatus for carrying out this method and nozzles belonging thereto - Google Patents

Abstract

  The object of the present invention is to provide the possibility of minimizing the amount of liquid needed to dilute the agent of the treatment agent, and also to a very wide variety of liquids until the liquid becomes a free aerosol with a long floating duration. Depending on the ratio, it is possible to rapidly distribute extremely stable aerosols and to distribute various aerosol media into powdery or liquid, long-duration, nearly the same size and fine aerosol particles, especially The object is to provide a device and associated nozzle for carrying out the methods for pest control, plant protection, disinfection and fertilization. A method for mixing the treatment agent with air or other gas or gas mixture and spraying the air treatment agent mixture or gas treatment agent mixture, quickly generating a very stable aerosol with the equipment to which it belongs and the corresponding nozzle We propose a method for making it happen. The field of application of the present invention is in the field of plant protection, pest control and similar fields.

Description

The present invention relates to odor binding (where the treatment agent must be atomized as a plant protectant, plant grower, pesticide, disinfectant, fertilizer and / or liquid dispersion or powder, for example) Geruchsbindung) or any other agent such as a perfume for antistatic treatment, wherein the treatment agent contains at least one agent, the treatment agent is mixed with air or other gas or gas mixture And a method for spraying the air treating agent mixture, a method for rapidly generating a very stable aerosol with a long floating duration and a very various liquid ratio until the liquid becomes a free aerosol, It relates to a device for carrying out this method and to a nozzle in the form of a coaxial nozzle, polygonal nozzle or flat gap nozzle to which it belongs. However, the present invention is also suitable for wetting without the use of agents.

  From patent document 1, the apparatus for performing rapid atomization in the greenhouse of a large area is known. The nozzle is provided with a central opening for spraying the plant protection agent, which is supplied to the central opening through a pump. A coaxial nozzle provided with a laminated plate for vortexing the compressed air flowing out from the coaxial nozzle extends around the central opening. The fog generated from this is distributed by a blower in a greenhouse provided on the vortex side of the nozzle.

  From Patent Document 2, a nozzle head for performing rapid cold spraying is known, and this nozzle head is provided with an inner coaxial nozzle for sending out a plant protection agent conveyed from a pump. The inner coaxial nozzle surrounds a central nozzle opening for compressed air and is surrounded by an outer coaxial nozzle for compressed air. Thereby, the plant protection agent flowing out from the inner coaxial nozzle exists in the radial direction between the inner compressed air flow and the outer compressed air flow. Plant protection agents are atomized by compressed air flow.

  The mixture of water and active substance atomized by the nozzle head has the shape of an aerosol jet just behind the nozzle head, and this aerosol jet becomes air as the distance from the nozzle head increases. Mixing more and turning further away from the nozzle head turns into fog. The mist adheres to the plant to be processed.

  Furthermore, it is known from practical experience that the aerosol jet sprayed by the nozzle head is distributed into the greenhouse by a blower. The nozzle head and blower are on an automobile when atomizing and spraying a large greenhouse, and the automobile moves through the greenhouse between atomization and atomization. When atomizing and spraying with a nozzle head according to US Pat. No. 6,057,049, the treatment agent is an immersion liquid (Bruhe) consisting of water and active substance in a ratio of about 100: 1. An average amount of immersion liquid of 11: 1 is required for the greenhouse area to be treated. However, more intentionally, the treatment agent is atomized and sprayed substantially further.

  Thus, in both small and large greenhouses, a very large amount of fog is generated and distributed in the greenhouse 100% in such a short time that the entire greenhouse is completely filled with fog for a certain period of time. The

  Unlike atomization spray, when spraying or spraying a treatment agent for atomization spray, water and active substance in a ratio of 1000: 1 are used. This requires about 100: 1.

When the moisture in the mist is high, the plant produces droplets that can be burned into the plant by the agent.
German Patent No. 19922435 German patent 10033274

The object of the present invention provides the possibility of minimizing the amount of liquid required to dilute the agent of the treatment agent,
In addition, a method for quickly generating extremely stable aerosols with a very long liquid duration and a very various liquid ratio until the liquid becomes a free aerosol, and various aerosol media with a long floating time, almost the same The object is to provide a device and associated nozzle for carrying out a method for pest control, plant protection, disinfection and fertilization, which can be distributed in the form of fine and fine aerosol particles, in powder or liquid form, in particular .

  This problem is solved according to the invention by the features of the independent claims.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a treatment agent for odor binding or antistatic treatment, for example, which must be plant protection agent, plant breeding agent, pest control agent, disinfectant, fertilizer and / or atomized, eg Any other active substance such as a perfume, wherein the treatment agent contains at least one active agent for this purpose, the treatment agent is mixed with air or another gas or gas mixture, and the air treatment agent mixture Or relates to a method for spraying a gas treating agent mixture,
The treatment agent is charged into the air flow or gas flow in the first mixing stage and distributed in the flow lateral direction therein;
A first mixed stream formed therefrom is fed through the liquid conduit to at least one or a plurality of separate mixing stages;
In this separate mixing stage or in these separate mixing stages, each relevant mixed stream is charged into a separate air or gas stream and forms a new mixed stream in the flow transverse direction therein. And the final mixed stream is sprayed in or on the use area in the form of an aerosol.

  In addition, the present invention provides a variety of aerosol media with long suspension duration, approximately the same size and fine aerosol particles, distributed in powder or liquid form, to a long suspension duration, liquid free aerosol. It relates to a method for rapidly producing very stable aerosols with very different liquid proportions. Furthermore, this method allows for the generation of fog under conditions that are climatically cumbersome and almost unsuitable for fog generation.

The treatment agent is a plant protection agent, plant breeding agent, pesticide, disinfectant and / or any other agent that must be atomized, such as for odor binding and antistatic treatment Said treatment agent contains at least one active agent for this purpose, comprising an associated nozzle for producing an aerosol, mixing the treatment agent with air and spraying the air treatment agent mixture With respect to the apparatus, a first mixing stage is provided for automatically mixing the processing agent from the processing agent source with the air stream, so that each of the mixed streams containing the processing agent mixed with the air in the air stream is freshly mixed. Each having at least one other mixing stage or a plurality of successive mixing stages, each for mixing the mixing stream of the preceding mixing stage with another mixing stream by generating a stream. In this case, all mixing stages Connected to each other via liquid conduits for the relevant mixing flow, and in the last mixing stage, the spraying device is connected according to the flow, or the last mixing stage is provided as a spraying device It is characterized by being.

  Advantages of the invention according to the independent claims: According to the invention, at least two dilutions of the plant treatment agent are carried out with air instead of water. Thereby, a big greenhouse and a wide open-air cultivation ground can be processed with a processing agent in a shorter time than before. In this case, no water is required for the production of the treatment liquid, or only a small proportion of the amount of water used in the known process is required for the production of the treatment liquid. For certain use cases of the invention, it is also possible to use pressurized water for spraying the plant treatment agent, in which case this amount of pressurized water is substantially less than in the prior art. The plant treatment agent may be a mixture of one or more agents and water, as well as additives, but in this case much less water is sufficient compared to the prior art. Another advantage of the present invention is that it directs an aerosol jet of the plant treatment agent to the plant to move the plant or plant part using the part of the air, for example to fold or stand branches or leaves. There is something you can do. Thus, the aerosol jet reaches the lower or rear side of the plant part concerned. In this connection, due to the low water content or the lack of water as a whole, there is a risk that droplets will form on the relevant plant part and that the active substance concentration will burn the relevant plant part. There is no. Since water is replaced by air in accordance with the present invention, an aerosol jet or aerosol mist is free of water at all, or has a rapid action with a long floating duration that contains substantially less water than the prior art. The basis is reached that the substance concentration is reached, so that the agent actually acts or the desired effect occurs. A slight dilution increases the concentration of the active substance in the aerosol medium, which increases the concentration of the active substance in the aerosol. Thereby, the present invention, for example, in hospitals, homes and offices, is resistant to sterility, parasites, mice, mice, etc., without causing moisture in it, particularly in the room, quickly disinfecting and It can be used for sufficiently new purposes, such as for pest control. Humidity affects not only household utensils, beds and furniture, but also bacteria and moss media. Such can be disposed of effectively in a short time without forming a humidity medium for bacteria or moss according to the present invention. Accordingly, treatment agents that can be sprayed or atomized according to the present invention are in particular plant protection agents (against insects, animals, mosses etc.), plant growth agents (eg growth promotion). Agents, growth inhibitors, tonics, etc.), pesticides (eg, against insects in greenhouses, open air grounds, hospitals, hotels, homes, other animals, spiders), or disinfectants ( For example, bacteria and moss in greenhouses, open air grounds, hospitals, hotels, houses, etc.), odor binding and antistatic treatment agents, or essential oils or salts. The treatment agent may be liquid, powder, or dust. The treatment agent comprises at least one agent for the relevant intended use or contains at least one active for the relevant intended use.

  In addition to producing a very fine mist, the nozzle is suitable for atomizing a large amount of precipitated material. The flow rate can be increased due to the large cross section of the aerosol. Thus, it can function with a substantially large flow rate for a specific time during use. As the cleaning medium, either a medium to be atomized, a cleaning liquid, or a cleaning gas can be used. This cleaning medium may be inhaled or applied to the device by pressure. Thus, cleaning can be accomplished throughout the desired area of the device. Therefore, the cleaning of the supply unit and the nozzle can be performed very easily without mechanically disassembling each of them.

  Other features of the invention are contained in the dependent claims.

  The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings on the basis of exemplary preferred embodiments.

  1 (plant protectants such as insecticides, fungicides, plant growers, pesticides, disinfectants and / or any other optional such as for odor binding, antistatic treatment, etc. The device for spraying the active substance) comprises a first mixing stage 2 for automatically mixing the treatment agent 4 from the treatment agent source 6 with the air stream 8 from the outside air, so that the mixture stream 10 is The resulting mixed stream contains the treating agent 4 mixed with the air of the air stream 8. The treatment agent source 6 may include a stirring device. The second mixing stage for mixing the mixing stream 10 of the first mixing stage 2 with one or the two air streams 14 and 16 according to FIG. 1 is formed as a spraying device and for this purpose is two coaxial with each other. Two airflow nozzle openings 18 and 20 are provided in the nozzle head 24. The radially inner airflow nozzle opening 20 may be a coaxial opening or a fully open nozzle opening corresponding to FIG. 1, through which the radially inner and coaxial air is passed. Stream 16 flows out. The radially outer air flow nozzle opening 18 is a coaxial nozzle, and the outer air flow in the radial direction flows out from the concentric nozzle as an annular air flow.

Thus, both airflow nozzle openings 18 and 20 are such that the airflows 14 and 16 flowing out of both openings are between each other, both openings on the upstream side of both airflow nozzle openings 18 and 20. Are arranged side by side so as to form a negative pressure in the negative pressure region 22 partitioned by the above and are directed in substantially the same direction. Both mutually coaxial airflow nozzle openings 18 and 20 are connected to a compressed air source 30 via a compressed air conduit, preferably under the intermediate connection of a pressure regulating member such as a pressure regulator 28, for example. . The pressure source 30 is preferably a compressor and / or a compressed air container or a gas pressure storage. Thus, both mutually coaxial air streams 14 and 16 are each compressed air jets.
The nozzle head 24 has a mixed flow nozzle opening 32 in the form of a concentric nozzle with a circular cross section between air flow nozzle openings 18 and 20 that are coaxial with each other, and this mixed flow nozzle opening is in a negative pressure region. Have joined. The mixed flow nozzle opening 32 is connected to the first mixing stage 2 via the liquid conduit 34 in accordance with the flow. The negative pressure generated in the negative pressure region 22 by the co-axial air streams 14 and 16 causes the air stream 8 from the outside air and the treatment agent 4 together in the first mixing stage 2 as a mixed stream 10 upstream of the liquid conduit 34. Aspirate into the inlet end 36 of the side liquid conduit 34 and then through the liquid conduit 34 and through the mixed flow nozzle opening 32 into the negative pressure region 22. The mixed stream 10 is aspirated and swept through the negative pressure region 22 by the air streams 14 and 16 so that the mixed stream 10 and the air streams 14 and 16 together form an aerosol jet 40 or an aerosol atomized stream. Once formed, this aerosol jet can be ejected from the nozzle head 24 and sprayed directly onto the plant or sprayed over a large area by dispensing. The aerosol jet 40 is distributed using a blower 42 over a wide area, for example, the whole room of a greenhouse, a warehouse, etc., or on the open-air cultivation ground, so that such treatment agent mist generated from the aerosol jet 40 is distributed. Can be supported by the blower 42.

  All embodiments according to the present invention can be utilized in this way with or without a blower 42. There are various possibilities for supplying the treatment agent 4 into the inlet end 36 of the liquid conduit 34 upstream of the liquid conduit 34. One of these possibilities is shown in FIG. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the treatment agent source 6 includes a pump 44 for conveying the treatment agent 4 from the reserve tank 46 through the atomizer 48, which atomizes the treatment agent 4 upstream of the liquid conduit 34. Spray into the inlet end 36 of the. The sprayer 48 may be a spray nozzle or a rotary sprayer. The flow rate (amount of treatment agent to be sprayed) can be adjusted and controlled, for example, by means of a valve or rotary sprayer, or by a pump.

  The mixed stream 10 of the first mixing stage 3 is discharged through the liquid conduit 34 by the treatment agent 4 being discharged with high energy from the nebulizer 48, thereby creating a treatment agent jet that forms and draws the outside air stream 8. And / or by inhaling with negative pressure in the negative pressure region 22 in the manner described above.

  The nebulizer 48 and the inlet end 36 of the upstream liquid conduit 34 are arranged in an intermediate vessel 50, which has an inlet opening 52 for the air flow 8 from the outside atmosphere.

  As shown in FIG. 3, instead of the treatment agent source 6 of FIG. 1, a treatment agent source 6-2 may be used. The treatment agent source includes a compression-resistant reserve tank 46-2 and a pressure source 30. I have. These pumping sides are connected to a compressed air inlet 58 via a pressure conduit 54 and preferably via a pressure regulating member, more preferably via a pressure regulator 56, which is connected to the treatment agent 4. Are joined into the container chamber 62 above the treatment agent height 60 to form a compressed air cushion that can be pressed against the sprayer 48. The nozzle heads 24 may be formed in the same or the same manner as the nozzle heads known from Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, or as described in these documents.

  In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4, the compressed air source 30 is preferably a first mixing stage 202 via a first compressed air conduit 203 that includes a pressure regulating member such as, for example, a pressure regulator 205. And in accordance with the flow, preferably via a second compressed air conduit 207 comprising a pressure regulating member such as a pressure regulator 209. The second mixing stage 212 is connected via a mixed flow conduit 213 to a spray device 224, ie an aerosol applicator, for example a spray nozzle for spraying or spraying the treatment agent air flow spray jet 240.

  The first mixing stage 202 includes an injector 241 that has a carrier liquid inlet 215, a suction opening 217, and a mixed outlet 219 that intersect within a negative pressure chamber that defines a negative pressure region 221. is doing. The transport liquid inlet 215 faces the mixed outlet 219 in the axial direction. The end of the upstream compressed flow conduit 203 is connected to the carrier liquid inlet 215. A negative pressure is generated in the negative pressure region by the compressed air-air flow of the compressed flow conduit 203, and this negative pressure causes the compressed air-air flow to suck the treatment agent through the suction opening 217, and the mixed outlet 219 Via a mixed flow conduit 223 connected to the second mixing stage 212, where the mixed stream is mixed with the compressed air-air stream of the second compressed flow conduit 207 and then sprayed as a new mixed stream 270. It flows to the device 240 and is discharged from the spray device 224 as an aerosol jet 240 or an aerosol atomized flow.

  The treatment agent 4 can be supplied to the negative pressure region 221 via the suction opening 217 by various methods. One possible method is to inhale the treatment agent continuously or through the reserve tank 246 using negative pressure in the negative pressure region 221. Another possible method is that the reserve tank 246 comprises a synchronizer, which simply opens and closes the outlet opening of the reserve tank 246 in synchronism, so that the negative pressure in the negative pressure region 221 causes the treatment agent to pass through. It can only be inhaled in synchrony.

  FIG. 5 shows an embodiment similar to the embodiment of FIG. 4, but in this case, instead of the reserve tank 246, the treatment agent source 6 of FIG. 1 and the first mixing stage 2 of FIG. 1 are provided. Is provided. The first mixing stage 2 in FIG. 1 is connected to the suction opening 217 of the injector 241 on the upstream side via a suction pipe 334 in FIG. Thus, in FIG. 5, the injector 241 forms a second mixing stage 302 instead of the first mixing stage 202, and the second mixing stage 212 of FIG. 4 forms a third mixing stage 312 in FIG.

  In all of the embodiments of the invention, the same components are provided with the same reference numerals.

Similarly, the second mixing stage 212 in FIG. 4 and the third mixing stage 312 in FIG. 5 are each formed by an injector similar to the injector 241 as shown in FIG. For these embodiments according to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the compressed air flow in the second compressed flow conduit 207 has a higher pressure than the mixed flow in the connecting conduit, so the second compressed air-air flow is mixed. Can inhale and accompany the flow.
According to the variant described in FIG. 7, the mixing stage 212 of FIG. 4 and / or the mixing stage 312 of FIG. 5 may be formed by a mixing head 280 within which the compression of the second pressure conduit 207 is performed. The air-air flow and the mixed flow of connecting conduit 223 are combined. In this case, one or the other stream can have high flow energy in order to carry the other stream together and carry the aerosol applicator to the spray device 224 each time.

  In the alternative embodiment of FIG. 8 according to the present invention, the sprayer 48 of the processing agent source 6 sprays the processing agent 4 into the intermediate container 450. The injector 241 sucks the processing agent 4 from the intermediate container 450 and sucks the ambient air flow 8 through the container air inlet opening 453 into the negative pressure region using negative pressure. This negative pressure is generated by the compressed air-air flow 482 in the compressed air conduit 403. The compressed air conduit 403 preferably includes a pressure regulating member, such as a pressure regulator 205, and is connected to the compressed air source 30 in accordance with the flow. The negative pressure region 221 is connected in flow with the inner chamber of the intermediate container 450 through the suction opening 217 and the container outlet opening 455 formed in the intermediate container 450. The mixing outlet 219 of the injector 241 is connected in accordance with the flow with a spraying device 224 for spraying the mixed flow 470 via the mixed flow conduit 213. The aerosol jet 240 sprayed by the spray device 224, preferably the spray nozzle, or the aerosol atomized stream to be sprayed includes the ambient air 8, the compressed air 482 and the treatment agent 4. The intermediate container 450 cooperates with the container air inlet opening 453 and the container outlet opening 455 to form the first treatment agent air mixing stage 402. The injector 241 forms a second mixing stage 412 in which the first mixed stream 410 composed of the ambient air 8 and the treatment agent 4 is mixed with the compressed air 482 of the compressed air source 30 to form a second mixed stream. 270 is formed. The treatment agent 4 is in the form of a jet or a cloud or mist in the intermediate container 450.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the present invention, which is a combination of the embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 7, in which the third mixing stage 312 follows the fourth mixing stage 512 by a conduit 213 or line. A spraying device 224 is connected to the mixing outlet 219 of the third mixing stage via a mixed flow conduit 513. For example, the fourth mixing stage 512 is again provided with an injector 241, and the liquid transfer inlet 215 of this injector is connected to the mixing outlet 219 of the preceding third mixing stage 312 according to the flow. The suction opening 217 of the negative pressure region 221 of the injector 241 of the fourth mixing stage 512 sucks the external air-air stream 508 from there and mixes it with the mixed stream 270 supplied from the preceding third mixing stage 312. Thus, in order to form a new mixed stream 570, it is in flow connection with the external atmosphere. This new mixed stream is sprayed from the spray device 224 in the form of an aerosol jet 240 or aerosol atomized stream. In FIG. 9, the aerosol jet 240 is directed to the plant 590. 9, the same members as those in FIGS. 5 and 6 have the same reference numerals.
The method according to the invention for the rapid production of a constant aerosol is achieved by the nozzle and the device according to the invention, with the use of the nozzle, the concentration of the active substance sufficient for pest eradication, for plant protection, disinfection or fertilizer, This is made possible by taking place over a predetermined area in a liquid, dusty or powdery, long-lasting, stable aerosol fashion before decomposition of the active substance begins. In this case, once in the predetermined time unit T1, a sufficient concentration of the active substance is generated by spraying the active substance in the form of aerosol, and further when the aerosol is generated up to time T2, or only within the predetermined time unit T1. , Sufficient agent concentration is generated by spraying the aerosol-style agent, then the spraying of the agent is adjusted, and this agent concentration until the start of the agent decomposition T2 is only due to the generation of an accurate aerosol, By being kept substantially constant, this concentration of the active substance until the start of active substance decomposition T2 can be kept substantially constant. Based on the characteristic curves shown in FIG. 18, the differences between the conventional method K2 and the method K1 according to the invention can be distinguished very clearly. Conventional methods do not reach very high active substance concentrations in a short time as in the present invention. All method variants preferably work with compressed air at a pressure value of 0.8 to 10 bar, in which case the compressed air of the coaxial nozzle is adjacent to the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 via a separate air coaxial nozzle 601. Leaked out. The pressure value may be below or above for special use cases. In the case of the order of coaxial air nozzle 601, aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 and air coaxial nozzle 606, aerosol coaxial nozzle 603, air coaxial nozzle 606, etc., the last outer nozzle should work with compressed air values less than 0.8 bar Can do.

  In order to generate a very sufficient aerosol with a long floating duration, two different nozzles are proposed. One coaxial nozzle and the other flat gap nozzle have different structural modifications.

  The complete coaxial nozzle structure, consisting of an inner air coaxial nozzle 601, an aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 around it, and an outer air coaxial nozzle 606 around the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603, is characterized by the following detailed description. The inner air coaxial nozzle 601 has a hollow cylinder with a collar 602. The collar 602 is on the side of the air inlet 608 for compressed air. The inner diameter of the inner air coaxial nozzle 601 is tapered at least twice with respect to the collar 602. In other embodiments, there is no taper or no taper. Just before the exit plane A, the inner diameter has expanded again. This widening of the end simultaneously forms a gap configuration for the ring-shaped outlet gap for the aerosol medium of the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603. The gap opening is about 1 mm in the embodiment, but may be selected substantially larger or smaller. This is especially the case when clogging of the nozzle gap must be anticipated based on the aerosol medium to be sprayed.

  The aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 is held by a thick, hollow cylindrical portion of the inner wall coaxial nozzle 601 followed by the collar 602 and the septum. The aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 has an inflow opening 605 for the aerosol medium at the end of the main part of the inner air coaxial nozzle 601 in the rear region. After the inflow opening 605, the inner diameter of the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 is tapered. The aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 maintains this inner diameter up to the exit plane A. However, there may be an error in this respect. As already indicated above, the gap-like opening of the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 is formed by the shape of the inner air coaxial nozzle 601. A hollow cylindrical outer air coaxial nozzle 606 is located through a part of the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603, and this outer air coaxial nozzle is held by a collar 604 of the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603. The inner diameter of the outer air coaxial nozzle 606 does not change up to the area of the exit plane A. First, here the outer wall is bent in the direction of the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 and thereby forms an annular nozzle opening. A thread is provided near the exit plane A along the outer periphery of the outer air coaxial nozzle 606, and this thread carries a sleeve 609. An air inflow portion 607 is provided at the other end of the outer peripheral portion. The sleeve 609 is replaceable and can be adjusted by screws or replaceable. The sleeve 609 may have various sizes, for example in the form of a conical shape that is widened or narrowed, or as a straight hollow cylinder. Due to the various sizes, various effects such as concentrated jets and vortices can be obtained during aerosol formation. In addition, the sleeve 609 is spaced from the exit plane A by appropriate support. In this case, there is a gap between the sleeve 609 and the exit plane A. This treatment also affects the degree of aerosol formation.

  The three divisions of the coaxial nozzles of the inner air coaxial nozzle 601, the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 and the outer air coaxial nozzle 606 are distinguishable along the outer perimeter. The outlet openings of all three nozzle parts are usually arranged in a plane, the so-called outlet plane A. However, it may be different. It is also conceivable to exchange the functions of the individual nozzles, that is, the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 assumes the function of the air coaxial nozzle 601 or 606, and conversely, both air coaxial nozzles assume the function of the aerosol coaxial nozzle. Furthermore, the number of outlet annular portions or the set of air coaxial nozzle 601, aerosol coaxial nozzle 603, air coaxial nozzle 606, aerosol coaxial nozzle 603, and air coaxial nozzle 606 can be arbitrarily expanded.

  Each of the inner air coaxial nozzle 601 and / or the outer air coaxial nozzle 606 may have means for generating air rotation, that is, means for forming a vortex flow in the inner space. This means may be a laminated plate provided in the form of a screw, a material projection, or a tubular body attached helically in the outer air coaxial nozzle 606. Further, the air inflow portion 607 is provided in the radial direction and ends in the single jet nozzle. Therefore, air rotation has already occurred inside the outer air coaxial nozzle 606. Furthermore, this air rotation is further acted by the outer air coaxial nozzle 606 at the air outlet.

  In one variation, the inner air coaxial nozzle 601 and the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603 may be integrated into a common air aerosol coaxial nozzle 610. An inflow opening 605 for the aerosol medium is located at the outer periphery, and an air inlet 608 is located at the opposite end of the nozzle outlet. An injector nozzle 613 is provided between the air inlet 608 and the inflow opening 605. This arrangement increases the injector effect. The outer periphery of the air aerosol coaxial nozzle 610 tapers conically in the direction of the nozzle outlet. The outer air coaxial nozzle 606 matches this shape. The spacing between the outer wall of the air aerosol coaxial nozzle 610 and the inner wall of the outer coaxial nozzle 606 is substantially constant throughout the nozzle length and also comprises means for generating air rotation or vortex flow as described above. ing.

  As with the coaxial nozzle, a rectangular nozzle or a polygon nozzle is configured. In the case of a large number of corners, the shape of individual nozzles transitions into the annular body. Further, in the case of this embodiment, for example, three portions of the nozzle are provided in the inner air coaxial nozzle 601, the aerosol coaxial nozzle 603, and the outer air coaxial nozzle 606.

  The structure of the flat gap nozzle is characterized by a horizontally arranged gap opening for the compressed air 102 and for the aerosol medium 101. At least one gap opening for compressed air 102 and at least one gap opening for aerosol medium 101 are provided in the flat gap nozzle.

  However, the nozzle body 103 with three gap openings is advantageous, in which the two gap openings for the compressed air 102 surround the gap opening for the aerosol medium 101. The upper side 104 and the lower side 105 protrude above the web between the gap openings 101 and 102. The upper side 104 and the lower side 105 may be provided so as to be movable as a slider 104 so that the overlap portion of the web between the gap openings 101 and 102 can be variably held. This affects the aerosol outlet. In places where the upper 104 and the lower 105 are movable, all the sides or only the upper 104 and the lower 105 are provided with another slider 104. However, a fixed casing may be provided outside. In addition, this affects the aerosol outlet.

  The quantity of the gap openings 101 and 102 may be further increased. That is, the plurality of gap openings for the compressed air 102 replace each other with the gap openings for the aerosol medium 101.

  A flat and rectangular nozzle adjustment device 107 is provided in front of the gap openings 101 and 102, and this nozzle adjustment device expands laterally outwards, so that the expanded gap each time. Opening 108 is formed. Accordingly, the nozzle adjustment device 107 has a flat trumpet shape. However, the reverse embodiment is also possible. In other words, the nozzle adjusting device can be tapered.

  The coaxial nozzle and the flat gap nozzle may have various outlet shapes in the outlet plane A. 18 and 19 show different shapes. FIG. 18 shows a shape that continues from top to bottom. That is, a streamline guide section facing inward, then a streamline guide section tapering uniformly, a bent outer edge, a streamline guide section facing inward, and a streamline guide section opening uniformly outward , And parallel exit planes that are offset relative to the nozzle longitudinal axis. FIG. 19 shows a shape that continues from top to bottom. Similarly, an inward streamline guide, then a guide on only one side, a uniformly or not uniformly rounded exit edge, a different angle, and an upper opening narrow, This is the portion where the lower opening is widened.

  In all the embodiments of the present invention, it is assumed that the treatment agent 4 is a liquid, which is composed of only the active substance or a small amount of the active substance and water or a mixture of other additives. Instead of water, other support materials such as oil are also possible. Oil is used to eradicate grasshoppers, especially in warm regions. This is because using water immediately is inconvenient compared to oil. However, the present invention mixes the powdered treatment agent with one or more air streams and sprays or atomizes such mixed streams in the plant area, in the greenhouse, or anywhere on the open ground. Suitable for sowing.

  Each of the described embodiments according to the present invention is preferably attached to a vehicle or aircraft when processing an open-air cultivation site, and processes a large area while in progress. The vehicle may be a human powered vehicle, an engine powered vehicle, a ship, a hovercraft, or a carrier that moves in another manner, such as a ropeway.

  The claims relate to examples of preferred embodiments of the invention. However, the invention also relates to the use of each individual feature and combination of features disclosed in the claims, specification and / or drawings.

Instead of air, in the case of the present invention, other gases can be used at any time, for example CO ₂ as a plant nutrient or any mixture.

  In the case of liquids, very dense liquids are possible.

FIG. 2 is a schematic and partial longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus for mixing and spraying treatment agents. It is a figure which shows the end surface by the side of the exhaust of the nozzle head of FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a portion of the apparatus of FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic and partial longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic and partial longitudinal sectional view of yet another embodiment of the device according to the invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic and partial longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention. FIG. 6 shows a special embodiment of the details of the embodiment of FIGS. FIG. 6 shows yet another embodiment of the details of the embodiment of FIGS. FIG. 6 is a schematic and partial longitudinal sectional view of yet another embodiment of the device according to the invention. FIG. 3 is an air diagram of three nozzle portions, i.e., inside. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a coaxial nozzle with a combined air aerosol coaxial nozzle having a conical outer diameter and a matching air coaxial nozzle. It is sectional drawing of the coaxial nozzle provided with the conical outer diameter which has the coaxial nozzle for inner air, the aerosol coaxial nozzle, and the coaxial nozzle for outer air. It is sectional drawing and the front view of a coaxial nozzle provided with the air suction part and incident nozzle which were provided radially. It is the front view of the flat gap nozzle each provided with the gap | interval for the medium outflow and the air outflow, and sectional drawing which belongs to it in a side view. It is sectional drawing which belongs to the front view of the flat gap nozzle provided with three gap openings in order of air, a medium, and air, and a side view. FIG. 4 is a front view of a flat gap nozzle having five gap openings in the order of air, medium, air, medium, and air, and a sectional view belonging to it in a side view. FIG. 4 is a front view of a flat gap nozzle provided with three gap openings and an outlet that is provided in front of each gap and is widened, and a plan view of a nozzle adjusting device. It is sectional drawing of the nozzle head as a coaxial nozzle or a flat nozzle provided with the exit shape from which each coaxial nozzle and a gap | interval opening differ. It is sectional drawing of the nozzle head as a coaxial nozzle or a flat nozzle provided with the exit shape from which each coaxial nozzle and a gap | interval opening differ. FIG. 2 shows an agent-time graph (K1) according to the method according to the invention and an agent-time graph (K2) according to a conventional method. It is an end view of the exit side of a nozzle head provided with a polygon nozzle.

Explanation of symbols

2 First Mixing Stage 4 Treatment Agent 6 Treatment Agent Source 8 Air Flow 10 Mixture Flow 14 Outer Air Flow 16 Inner Air Flow 18 Outer Nozzle Opening 20 Inner Nozzle Opening 22 Negative Pressure Region 24 Nozzle Head 26 Negative Pressure Conduit 28 Pressure Regulator 30 Compressed air source 32 Mixed flow nozzle opening 34 Fluid conduit 36 Fluid conduit inlet 40 Aerosol jet 42 Blower 44 Pump 46 Reserve tank 48 Nebulizer 50 Intermediate vessel 52 Inlet opening 54 Pressure conduit 56 Pressure regulator 58 Compressed air inlet 60 Treatment agent Height 62 of container chamber 101 gap opening 102 for aerosol medium gap opening 103 for compressed air nozzle body 104 nozzle body upper side, slider 105 nozzle body lower side 106 nozzle body panel 107 nozzle adjustment device 108 Expanded gap opening 202 First mixing stage 203 First compression Air Conduit 205 Pressure Regulator 207 Second Compressed Air Conduit 209 Pressure Regulator 212 Second Mixing Stage 213 Mixed Flow Conduit 215 Carrying Liquid Inlet 217 Suction Opening 219 Mixed Outlet 221 Negative Pressure Region 223 Mixed Flow Conduit / Connecting Conduit 240 Treatment Air Flow jet / Aerosol jet 241 Injector 601 Inner air coaxial nozzle 602 Collar 603 Aerosol coaxial nozzle 604 Collar 605 Inflow opening 606 Outer air coaxial nozzle 607 Air inlet 608 Air inlet 609 Sleeve 610 Air aerosol coaxial nozzle 611 Air outlet ring 612 Incident nozzle 613 Injector nozzle A Exit plane

Claims (31)

The liquid or solid treatment agent is a plant protection agent, plant breeding agent, pest control agent, disinfectant, fertilizer and / or any other active agent, the treatment agent for which at least one active agent is used for this purpose. In a method for mixing a treating agent with air or other gas or gas mixture and spraying an air treating agent mixture comprising:
The treatment agent is charged into the air stream in the first mixing stage and distributed in the flow transverse direction therein;
A first mixed stream formed therefrom is fed through the liquid conduit to at least one or a plurality of separate mixing stages;
In this separate mixing stage or in these separate mixing stages, each associated mixed stream is charged into a separate air stream and distributed laterally therein by forming each new mixed stream. And the final mixed stream is sprayed in or on the use area in the form of an aerosol. In the final mixing stage, two separate air streams are used to produce two air jets arranged coaxially with each other, in which a negative pressure region is formed between these air jets. Both air jets cooperate to generate negative pressure according to the jet pump principle, and the mixing flow of the second to the last mixing stage is guided into the negative pressure region between the two air jets coaxial to each other, and then these 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that both air jets are accommodated, so that both air jets and the mixed flow accommodated thereby cooperate to form an aerosol jet or an aerosol atomized flow. 2. The mixed stream of the final mixing stage is guided to a spraying device for spraying as a mixed stream, wherein an aerosol jet or an aerosol atomizing stream is sprayed using the spraying device. Method. 4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a compressed air stream is used as the air stream in at least one of the mixing stages. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the intake air stream is used as the air stream in at least one of the mixing stages. The treatment agent is introduced into the air stream of the first mixing stage continuously, in a flow-controllable manner or synchronously in the first mixing stage. the method of. The liquid or solid treatment agent is a plant protection agent, plant breeding agent, pest control agent, disinfectant, fertilizer and / or any other active agent, the treatment agent for which at least one active agent is used for this purpose. In an apparatus for mixing a treating agent with air and spraying an air treating agent mixture comprising:
A first mixing stage (2; 202; 402) for automatically mixing the processing agent (4) from the processing agent source (6) with the air stream;
Thus, each of the mixed streams containing the treating agent mixed with air in the air stream generates at least a new mixed stream, so that each time the mixed stream of the preceding mixing stage is mixed with another mixed stream at least. One separate mixing stage (12; 212; 302; 312; 512) or a plurality of successive mixing stages,
In this case, all mixing stages are connected to each other via liquid conduits (34; 223; 334; 455; 213) for the relevant mixing streams, and in the last mixing stage, an aerosol jet or aerosol mist The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying device (224) is connected according to the flow or the last mixing stage is provided as a spraying device (24) to supplement the chemical flow. The mixing stage (12; 202; 212; 302; 312; 412) is a compressed air inlet (26) for the compressed air of the compressed air source (30) to form a compressed air stream as the air stream of this mixing stage. 215). The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising: At least one of the mixing stages (2) is provided with an intake air conduit (34; 334; 455) for the intake air flow as the air flow of this mixing stage, and subsequent to this mixing stage (2) One of the mixing stages (302; 412) provided with an injector (241) that compresses the compressed air flow from the compressed air source (30) as the air flow of the mixing stage An air inlet (215) and a suction opening (217) forming or connected to the flow upstream end of the intake air conduit according to the flow;
At that time, the compressed air inlet (215) and the suction opening (217) open into the negative pressure region (221) of the injector, and a negative pressure is generated in the negative pressure region by the compressed air-air flow. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8. The final mixing stage (12) is formed as a spray device (24) and for this purpose is provided with two airflow nozzle openings (18, 20) that are coaxial with each other for two separate airflows. In this case, these air flow nozzle openings cause the two air jets (14, 26) flowing out from these air flow nozzle openings to be separated from each other by both openings. And the liquid conduit (34) of the penultimate mixing stage (2) is arranged to form a negative pressure within the air flow nozzle openings (18, 20) coaxial with each other. In this case, the mixed flow (10) of the second mixing stage (2) from the last passes through the negative pressure region (22) through the mixed flow nozzle opening (32). 22) is guided in and is collected by both air jets (14, 16). It is, in cooperation with these, according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that to form new mixed flow manner of the aerosol jet or aerosol atomized stream (40). In a method for rapidly generating aerosols using liquid diffusion or powdered substances, especially for pest control, plant protection, disinfection and fertilization,
The nozzle is characterized in that a sufficient active substance concentration is generated in a short time over a given area in a stable aerosol manner with various liquid proportions until it becomes a liquid-free aerosol with a long suspension time. Method. By supplying the active substance in the form of an aerosol with a very different liquid proportion until a sufficient active substance concentration becomes a liquid-free aerosol with a long floating duration within a given time unit T ₁ 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the agent concentration is maintained and substantially constant until decomposition of the agent begins. Supplying the active substance in the form of an aerosol with a very different liquid proportion until a sufficient active substance concentration becomes a liquid-free aerosol with a long suspension time, only within a predetermined time unit T ₁ And the supply of the active substance is subsequently regulated, and this active substance concentration until the active substance decomposition start T2 is maintained substantially constant only by the generation of a very precise aerosol or mist. The method described. In a method for rapidly generating aerosols, especially for pest control, plant protection, disinfection and fertilization,
An inner air coaxial nozzle (601) in the form of a hollow cylinder with a collar (602) carries an aerosol coaxial nozzle (603) with a collar (604) and an inflow opening (605) for the aerosol medium at the outer periphery. On the other hand, the inner air coaxial nozzle carries an outer air coaxial nozzle (606) with an outer air inlet (607), in which case the nozzles (601, 603 and 606) are all A coaxial nozzle characterized by ending in the exit plane A.   The outer air coaxial nozzle (606) is provided with a movable or screwable and replaceable sleeve (609), for example in the form of a conical body that is expanded or narrowed, or 15. A device according to claim 14, characterized in that it has different calibers, such as a hollow cylinder. There is a gap between the outlet plane A and the sleeve (609) with the sleeve (609) in front of the outlet plane (A) and spaced relative to the coaxial nozzle that is properly maintained. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the size is provided such that its size can be changed. The inner air coaxial nozzle (601) has an air inlet (608) at the opposite end of the outlet plane A, an injector nozzle (613) in front of the inflow opening (605), and in the interior space, for example a screw 17. Coaxial nozzle according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that it has means for generating air rotation or swirl, such as an air guide or a material bulge provided in a style. 18. The inner air coaxial nozzle (601) has an inner diameter that tapers several times in the direction of the outlet plane A and extends in the region of the outlet plane A. 18. Coaxial nozzle described in one. The aerosol coaxial nozzle (603) has an inner diameter that tapers just behind the inflow opening (605), then maintains the inner diameter just before the exit plane and then moves into the gap. Item 19. The coaxial nozzle according to any one of Items 14 to 18. The inner diameter of the outer air coaxial nozzle (606) is constant up to the air outlet ring (611) between the aerosol coaxial nozzle (603) and the outer air coaxial nozzle (606) in the outlet plane A, and in the inner space, for example, It has means for generating air rotation or eddy current, such as an air guide portion provided in a screw type, a material bulge portion or a spirally provided tube body, and an air inlet (607) is provided as an incident nozzle ( 612), the coaxial nozzle according to any one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that it is configured radially. An inner air coaxial nozzle (601) and an aerosol coaxial nozzle (603) are integrated into a common air aerosol coaxial nozzle (610), an inflow opening (605) for the aerosol medium is at the outer periphery, and the air inlet 15. A coaxial nozzle according to claim 14, wherein (608) is at the opposite end of the nozzle outlet. The air aerosol coaxial nozzle (610) is tapered in a conical shape in the direction of the nozzle outlet at the outer periphery, and the outer air coaxial nozzle (606) is adapted to this shape. In this case, the air aerosol coaxial nozzle ( The coaxial nozzle of claim 21, wherein the spacing between the outer wall of 610) and the inner wall of the outer air coaxial nozzle (606) is substantially constant over the entire nozzle length to above the air outlet gap (611). In the air aerosol coaxial nozzle (610) and / or in the outer air coaxial nozzle (606), the air, such as, for example, a laminated plate provided in screw form, a material bulge, or a helically provided tube 23. Coaxial nozzle according to claim 21 and 22, characterized in that a means for generating a rotation or vortex is arranged. 24. The coaxial nozzle according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein the nozzle opening in the outlet plane A is constituted by a circular hole array. The number of nozzle openings is more than three, and the medium outlets are configured to vary from nozzle opening to nozzle opening, and each nozzle opening is used with its own pressure and flow. 25. Coaxial nozzle according to any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the outer nozzle opening may be under a pressure of less than 0.8 bar and the nozzle opening is at various outlet planes. . In particular in a rectangular or polygonal nozzle for the rapid generation of aerosols for pest control, plant protection, disinfection and fertilization according to an embodiment as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 25,
A rectangular nozzle or a polygonal nozzle, wherein each nozzle opening forms a rectangle or a polygon in the exit plane A. Especially in flat gap nozzles for rapid generation of aerosols for pest control, plant protection, disinfection and fertilization,
A gap opening for horizontally arranged compressed air (102) is arranged inside the nozzle body (103) above the gap opening for horizontally arranged aerosol medium (101); In this case, the flat gap nozzle is characterized in that the upper side (104) and the lower side (105) protrude above the web between the gap openings (101 and 102). 28. The upper side (104) or all sides are formed as a slider 104, or all sides have a panel (106) fixed to the slider (104) on its outer side. Flat gap nozzle. Between the upper side (104) and the lower side (105), a plurality of gap openings for compressed air (102) and a plurality of gap openings for the aerosol medium (101) are provided in place of each other. The flat gap nozzle according to claim 27 or 28. A flat and rectangular nozzle adjustment device (107) is provided in front of the gap opening (101, 102), and this nozzle adjustment device expands outward on the side, and therefore expands each time. 30. A flat gap nozzle according to any one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that the gap opening (108) is formed. In the coaxial nozzle according to any one of claims 14 to 25, the rectangular nozzle or the polygon nozzle according to claim 26, and the flat gap nozzle according to any one of claims 27 to 30,
The outlet shape of the coaxial nozzle or polygonal nozzle, or the gap opening is not the same in the outlet plane A, the streamline guide part facing inward, the streamline guide part tapering uniformly, or uniformly or uniformly. Non-rounded outlet edge, inward streamline guides, streamline guides uniformly open to the outside, parallel exit planes offset with respect to the nozzle longitudinal axis, guidance on one side only Coaxial nozzle characterized by having various shapes such as different parts and different angles from each other.

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