JP2008516107A - Floating wave breaker and propulsion system - Google Patents

Abstract

It is easy to puncture, is expensive to maintain, is inertia dependent, or is superior to conventional wave breakers of the type with mooring loads and absorbs and draws out wave energy that naturally occurs in the water. Or for use for propulsion. An example of this is a wave breaker, which has first and second structures (100, 102) having neutral buoyancy, which are arranged substantially parallel to each other, and an energy absorber (111) arranged therebetween. In use, however, the device absorbs energy from incident waves as a result of relative movement between structures. Preferably, the third structure is positioned parallel to the second structure, and the second energy absorber is disposed between the second and third structures. The energy absorber can be configured to generate an electromotive force or to pump material or fluid. Preferably, a plurality of devices (206) can be interconnected in the form of a chain or caterpillar to provide a wave protection system. Other examples include means for reducing high side loads applied to the multihull and propulsion devices incorporating louver valve assemblies in the first and second structures.
[Selection] Figure 7

Description

  The present invention relates to a wave preventing device and a propulsion system.

  A wavebreaker creates a calm body of water behind it by the reflection, scattering or absorption of energy from the wave.

  Existing wavebreakers differ in structure and complexity. An example of a very simple wave breaker is a sand bar or a dike that can deposit rocks. Such a wave breaker is reinforced by the use of a small jetty and / or concrete piling.

[Conventional technology]
An example of another type of wave protection device is described in UK Patent Application GB-A-2370594, Kepner Plastics Fabricators Inc, which is an elongated seal containing liquid and pressurized air. Explains the envelope. The wave breaker is floating. By changing the magnitude of the internal pressure, the wave protection device can be arranged to attenuate the wave.

  The disadvantage of the wave protection device was that it was found to be relatively complex to manufacture and therefore very expensive. Also, due to the relatively high internal pressure of the fluid and the nature of the flexible material, it was easy to puncture. This required regular maintenance. Also, the wavebreaker (like all other known wavebreakers) is inertial dependent, ie the mass of the wavebreaker must be similar to the mass of the maximum wave it rebounds. This further increases the total cost.

  The present invention has relatively few moving parts and is not inertial dependent, rather than reflecting or scattering wave energy, but rather absorbs, generates minimal tethering load, and is inexpensive and easy to manufacture and transport And began with research aimed at overcoming these drawbacks of existing wavebreakers by providing a simple wavebreaker that can be assembled.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a special advantage of the wave protection device is that it is relatively cheap to manufacture and maintain and can be relatively light in weight.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, a wavebreaker is disposed between submerged floating structures, and one or more energy absorbers are provided for the relative motion of the structures and the water mass that naturally occurs during the passage of waves. Wave structures are removed from opposing forces created between structures by positioning the structures within different parts of the non-rotational vibration process.

  Preferably, the floating structure is a first and second structure disposed substantially parallel to each other in use, the first and second structures having a neutral buoyancy, and energy absorption attached therebetween. An apparatus, thereby having, in use, an energy absorbing device that absorbs energy from the force when colliding with the incident wave and the relative displacement of the first and second structures.

  Accordingly, the present invention absorbs energy by relative displacement between displaceable structures, rather than reflecting or scattering wave energy as in existing wave protection devices.

  The expression neutral buoyancy is intended to encompass everything that does not sink. Neutral buoyancy can include those that can float, partially float, or can be submerged while still providing sufficient buoyancy to float. For example, an object having neutral buoyancy includes an object that is lightweight (naturally floats) and is heavy by ballast, or an object that sinks in a natural state but gives buoyancy to float.

  Ideally, the first and second structures are planar and are arranged parallel to each other when viewed in the direction of the incident wave. Conveniently, they are positioned in the outer sea area such that each major plane of the structure is substantially perpendicular to the incident wavefront.

  Optionally, a mechanical interconnect connects the first and second structures, and the interconnect preferably has means for supporting the energy absorber.

  The mechanical interconnect may be a sliding link, for example.

  The interconnects may be substantially straight, or may be arcuate or caliper shaped.

  The energy absorber is preferably supported between the structures so as to absorb the energy resulting from the relative displacement of the structures in the direction of approaching and separating from each other and the forces generated thereby.

  The energy absorber may be supported within the liquid mass or above the liquid surface through which the wave propagates, but is advantageously supported between the structures within the liquid mass supporting the structure. .

  The absorbed energy may be extracted and used to drive a generator to generate an electric current, or to pump water, or to perform another form of work, or by the device itself It can also be used to drive a propulsion system for use. Of course, absorption of wave energy creates a calm sea area that can be used to protect the lee side of the device from waves. Such devices will be incorporated in myriad situations.

  The wave protection device preferably has three substantially flat structures arranged substantially parallel to each other. Ideally, the distance between the first and second structures is approximately twice the distance between the second and third structures. When the maximum wavelength of the wave at a specific location where the wave preventing device is to be arranged is represented by λ, ideally, the separation distance between the first and third structures is about λ / 2. The separation between the first and third structures must be able to vary by at least 2x of the maximum wave height close to the nominal spacing of λ / 2 of the wave of wavelength λ.

  The separation distance between the first and second structures must be nominally 2/3 of the separation distance between the first and third structures (ie, λ / 3), and λ / of a wave with a wavelength of 2λ / 3. It must be able to vary by at least 2x with a maximum wave height close to a nominal spacing of 3.

  Similarly, the separation distance between the second and third structures must be nominally half the separation distance between the first and second structures, and changes by at least 2x of the maximum wave height of a wave of wavelength λ / 3. It must be possible. This particular combination of these relative separations has been found to provide effective energy absorption characteristics and is very well adapted to absorb myriad wavelengths below the dominant wavelength λ.

  Additional mechanical interconnects can be provided to connect the second and third structures, and the interconnects may support additional energy absorbers.

  A plurality of such wave protection devices can be arranged to form a wave protection system. Such a wavebreaking system can be utilized, for example, for maintaining or changing coastal deposition and / or erosion patterns. Other uses of the plurality of wave breakers referred to below as wave breaker systems will be described later.

  Ideally, the plate-like structure is a substantially parallelepiped in shape and appearance. However, the structure may be oval or ellipsoid as long as it provides a fairly large surface area for the incident wave. The definition of the parallelepiped plate-like structure is defined here as the ratio of the area of the plate-like structure given in the wave direction and the square of the thickness of the plate-like structure. Ideally this ratio should be greater than 10, preferably greater than 20, ideally greater than 30.

  The plate-like structure can be formed from various materials or composites. What is important is that the formed structure can float or can be modified to have neutral buoyancy, and the structure is robust. Ideally, the structure can withstand the compressive and bending forces applied by incident waves and the impact of occasional buoys and marine life.

  An example of a suitable material is reinforced glass fiber. Other examples are mild steel, soft concrete or wood. Other materials may be used, and what type of materials or their respective dimensions will depend on the particular environment in which the structure is to be placed and the dominant weather, sea and other conditions It will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

  Due to the fact that most of the energy transmitted through the action of the waves occurs relatively close to the surface of the water through which the waves travel, about one third to half of the wavelength (λ / 3-3) The energy appearing below the depth of λ / 2) is relatively small. Therefore, the height of the plate-like structure is ideally less than half (λ / 2) (preferably λ / 5) of the wavelength of the dominant wave state of the sea area where the wave protection device is to be placed. . The length and width of the structure depends on, inter alia, the strength of the material used to manufacture the structure and the depth of the local sea area.

  Energy absorbers acting between adjacent plates can take one of a variety of forms. For example, the energy absorber may be a water choke valve arranged to throttle water through a throttle, thereby dissipating energy. This is a simple yet effective way to remove energy from the wave. The most desirable is that the energy absorber does not contain any storage capacity like a spring, which causes the wavebreaker to resonate and consequently temporarily removes (stores) energy. However, it may be reflected back into the water rather than being permanently removed from the system, and all energy removal devices are separated from each other as the plates move closer together and from each other. When moving, it must be able to remove energy. Thus, Bernoulli's non-rotational theory requirements are met by the fact that the forward and reverse forces in the wave cancel each other and only the nominal “second order” external reaction occurs while energy is extracted. Therefore, the device is configured to generate a small mooring load.

  One way to achieve energy absorption is an electromagnetic mechanism enclosed in a suitable waterproof container that is configured to exhibit resistance to relative displacement of the plate-like structure and consequently generate an electromotive force. The electromagnetic mechanism is used.

  The rack and pinion mechanism is another way that energy can be removed. The rack and pinion can be provided with suitable gears that can transmit the incident energy to the rotational resistance and thereby extract the wave energy.

  Yet another example of an energy absorber is a piston in a cylinder mechanism that acts as a dashpot. Alternatively, the energy absorber may comprise a piston in a cylinder having a fluid with variable rheological properties.

  Another type of energy absorber is a two-way hydraulic pump that is adapted to remove energy during relative displacements where adjacent plates approach and separate from each other. In a preferred embodiment using this type of energy absorber, two check valves are located at each end of the cylinder including a two-way piston connected to an adjacent plate. The relative movement of adjacent plates moves the piston in either direction, thereby pumping high pressure fluid from the corresponding check valve at one end of the cylinder and drawing fluid at the other end. Thus, regardless of the direction of movement of adjacent plates, energy in the form of a high pressure fluid is continuously withdrawn from the wave system and delivered to an external storage or use system. All that needs to be done is relative movement. However, it is also important not to use a compressible fluid, as it can act as an air spring that reinjects energy back into the wave system.

  Conveniently, a plurality of these devices can be interconnected in the form of loosely coupled barriers, thereby providing a wave protection system. Due to the nature of the energy absorber, little relative displacement or external reaction is experienced between adjacent devices. This means that such a wavebreaking system need only be moored or secured.

  When properly modified as described below, such wavebreaking systems can provide propulsion means for, for example, towing or salvage the ocean vessel, with the potential to provide good wave conditions around the ocean vessel. Can also be used as

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is a propulsion device for use in a body of water, comprising first and second submerged structures arranged substantially parallel to each other and connected by struts, Both the first and second structures have check valve arrays that allow water to flow in one direction through each array in a substantially horizontal direction, both arrays being operable in the same direction. When the device is oriented approximately perpendicular to the incident wavefront with the structure separated by about half the wave wavelength in the water mass, the natural non-rotational vibration of the water mass is Acts on the array in the opposite direction of the other valve array.

  For this reason, in the propulsion mode, the structure is preferably separated by a fixed distance of about half the wavelength in order to take full advantage of the maximum difference in water mass oscillation that occurs in the wave valley as opposed to the top of the wave. Retained.

  We are aware of U.S. Pat. No. 3,322,870 which discloses a wave-breaking structure having at least three louver valve assemblies spaced horizontally. However, in these assemblies, the valves are configured such that those of the first seaside assembly always open in the opposite direction to the valve of the last coastal assembly. This wavebreak structure uses a louver valve to “contain” the wave, thereby eradicating the wave's proper motion. In contrast, the present invention has two louver valve assemblies, and the valves of the first and second assemblies always open in the same direction. The present invention utilizes the natural motion of the wave, thereby generating a propulsion motion.

  However, the system may be used simultaneously in both energy absorption and propulsion modes. However, it may be necessary to limit both effects in order to maintain a balance between the two modes.

  By the automatic operation of the check valve by the vibration motion of the water mass, it is possible to gather the energy of the wave and give the driving force. For example, from Bernoulli's non-rotation theory, it will be understood that a displacement in the direction opposite to the direction of the wave can be obtained in the wave valley. This force can be combined from several devices and used, for example, to rescue a stranded ship in the opposite direction of the dominant wave, or as a propulsion means for a ship, for example in the event of an engine failure .

  Alternatively, control means operable to open and close a valve in the structure or to change the way it operates can be provided.

  According to a further aspect of the present invention, means for protecting a multihull such as a catamaran ship, and for protecting a long ship (which may inadvertently cross multiple waves diagonally while in progress) Means are provided. Thus, embodiments of the present invention provide protection for multihulls by utilizing and allowing the relative motion between the hulls to occur. Furthermore, the present invention protects long ships, structures or other that are at risk from underwater vibrations occurring in the water mass by joints or double joints, so that the lateral differential motion is along the length. Means can be provided to enable generation.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the basic theory of the invention will be described.
Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, and in particular FIGS. 1 and 2, a schematic series of diagrams illustrating how energy travels in a liquid mass is shown. These are intended to help the reader understand the theory underlying the present invention.

  Physically, energy is transmitted through the water mass by the underwater oscillating motion of the water mass around a relatively fixed reference point. The fixed reference point only moves gradually in the wave direction. This movement, known as non-rotational vibration, can be called “wobble”. The wobble motion is both up and down and back and forth, resulting in a “wobble” pattern of coherent circular or elliptical vibrations centered on one point. One of them is almost stationary with respect to the seabed. The phase shift between the vertical and horizontal vibrations determines the “rotation” direction of the vibration pattern, the direction of travel of traveling waves on the water surface, and the energy transfer rate in that direction. The presence or absence of this “wobble” movement is the only difference between still water and water with waves that travel across it.

  The coherent oscillating motion of the water mass extends downward from the water surface and decreases exponentially to about 5% of its size at the water surface at a depth of half wavelength (λ / 2). Underwater vibrational motion is phase dependent. That is, when it vibrates in the wave direction, it produces a wave crest, and when it vibrates in the opposite direction to the wave direction, it produces a wave valley. The moments, forces and distance traveled by the coherent fluid mass in the wave are approximately the same in all directions, and at the end of each cycle the fluid particles return to approximately the same position relative to the reference point. Thus, the wave cross-section across the water and its movement only represent the transfer of energy by the water, not the movement of the water mass itself.

  The wave energy is the difference between the potential energy (height) of the coherent water mass when oscillating in the wave direction at the crest and the potential energy of the same water mass when oscillating against the wave direction in the wave valley. Is only transmitted by. The fluid motion described here follows Bernoulli's steady integral equation of motion and assumes non-rotating flow and invariant fluid density throughout the fluid mass. This theory therefore provides the basis for the main mechanism of energy transfer through wave-shaped water and is the basis of the present invention.

  FIG. 1 represents the oscillating motion of an “individual” water mass 3 (shown shaded for clarity) during the passage of a wave 2. For illustrative purposes only, it can be imagined that the impermeable and infinitely thin flexible partition membranes 4 and 5 are placed at the front and back boundaries of this individual water mass, so that this process Throughout, the volume, mass and reference numbers remain the same. During the passage of the wave, this water mass vibrates back and forth, but stays at approximately the same position relative to the fixed seabed reference point 16. The partition films 4 and 5 are in different phases from each other, but bend in the backward and forward directions in the same phase as the part of the wave cross-section that proceeds across that part of the water surface. As each wave cycle passes, this individual water mass swings backward and forward with respect to the reference point and, in turn, is higher and narrower (as shown in FIG. 1c) or (in FIG. 1a). It becomes lower and wider (as shown) and vibrates in a “wobble” manner.

  During this process, the vertical plate-like floating structure 7 will move backwards and forwards relative to the reference point 16 by the full distance of approximately the wave height (measured at the water surface). However, the plate itself has a minimal effect on wave passage and is substantially transparent to energy.

  The buoy 1 that floats on the surface of the water draws a circle with a diameter approximately equal to the wave height, centered on the reference point 16. However, the buoy 1 itself does not rotate. This type of fluid motion is called non-rotational vibration.

  From FIG. 1 it can be seen that the vibration of the block represents a periodic motion of a large volume and thus a large body of water in each horizontal wave cycle, the total distance at the surface of the water being approximately wave height. The kinetic energy and moment of this water mass is also large and is a measure of the total amount of energy contained in the wave. When the horizontal movement of the plate 7 is subjected to resistance, the entire vibrating water mass reacts to it and generates a large force during the process. Since this is an oscillating process, the direction of the force is reversed twice during each wave cycle. For this reason, vertical plates arranged at an interval of one wavelength are always subjected to forces and displacements in the same direction. However, plates provided at half-wave intervals are always subjected to equal forces and displacements in the opposite direction. This phenomenon is illustrated by the direction of arrow 8 in FIGS. 1a and 1c.

  As described above, the vibration process occurring in the water mass is not limited in the horizontal direction. Within the same time, vibration occurs on the vertical axis. This results in a complex oscillating motion that is also a circle or an ellipse. FIG. 2 shows how many plate-like structures 10 that are in vibration and are located in different parts of the water mass that wave 2 passes through are affected by different parts of the vibration cycle at any given moment. Indicate. The portion of a cycle that is affected by a single plate depends on its position relative to the portion of the wave that passes. Also, as the depth at which the plate is located increases, the magnitude of the vibration amplitude decreases until it disappears below a certain depth. Thus, as the waves pass, each of the plate-like structures moves relative to other structures located in different parts of the water mass, and their separation distances are continuously changing. One exception to this is when the plates are positioned exactly one wavelength apart in the horizontal direction, as described in detail above. However, the orientation of these structures will not change during the vibration process. That is, the end B of the structure 10 continues to face to the right through the entire circle or elliptical trajectory.

  11 and 12 show how these motions are applied to the vertical plate 56 suspended in deep water of> λ / 2 in FIG. 11 or shallow water of <λ / 2 in FIG. . In FIG. 11, the movement of the upper edge of the plate (in this case suspended by the floating device 60) is substantially circular around the seabed reference point 54, with the same amplitude as the wave height, It is clockwise with respect to the wave 52 approaching from the left side. The horizontal motion of the lower edge of the plate decreases in amplitude as described above, but the vertical amplitude (controlled by the wave height) is the same as the upper edge, resulting in a vertical elliptical motion of the lower edge. Arise. FIG. 12 shows how the plate motion changes in shallow water. In this case, the movement of the upper edge of the plate is elliptical, the vertical amplitude axis is approximately wave height, and the rotation is clockwise with respect to the wave 52 approaching from the left side. The movement of the lower edge of the plate is still the same in the vertical direction, but greatly expanded in the horizontal direction, resulting in an expanded horizontal ellipse as shown.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the invention that can extract energy from a wave. The device 12 has first and second floating vertical structures 13 and 14 arranged substantially parallel to each other. Structures 13 and 14 are at a nominal half-wave spacing. In use, the device 12 is oriented so that the planes of the structures 13 and 14 are substantially perpendicular to the general direction of the waves. Structures 13 and 14 are coupled together by a device 15. The device 15 may be an energy absorbing double-acting hydraulic pump. In this example, the device 15 can freely move in and out without extracting any energy.

  With this structure, one embodiment of the present invention is believed to be in a state where tilt, stroke and distance measuring devices are incorporated into the device 15 so that the wave height, wavelength and wave period can be accurately measured. In addition, the delicate equipment (or personnel) located and supported approximately halfway between the plates 13 and 14 only undergo minimal lateral or vertical movement with respect to the seabed.

  As described in FIG. 1, it will be seen that during each wave cycle, the vertical plate-like floating structure vibrates backward and forward relative to the reference point for a full distance of approximately one wave height.

  FIG. 3 a shows that when the wave trough passes and the crest approaches, the structure 13 is located behind the reference point 16, while when the wave crest passes and the wave trough approaches, the structure 14 A state of being located in front is shown. Thus, the two structures 13 and 14 are separated by about one wave height from their nominal spacing at the instant shown in FIG. 3a. Similarly, when the traveling wave cross section passes, the structures 13 and 14 move to positions closer to each other by two wave heights. This is shown in FIG. 3c. Since the reference points 16 and 17 are fixed both relative to each other and to the seabed, the structures 13 and 14 move a distance of about two wave heights relative to each other. This happens with each wave cycle. Note, however, that the assembly is substantially stationary relative to the seabed.

  The movement is symmetric with respect to the reference points 16 and 17 when no energy is being extracted by the device 15. In this state, the plate-like structures 13 and 14 are independently movable backward and forward under the influence of the vibrating water mass, and the waves are substantially affected as described above with reference to FIG. Proceed without.

  FIGS. 4 a-4 d show how the wave motion changes when energy is being drawn by the pump 15. In this example, it is assumed that traveling wave 2 is approaching from the left side. Extracting energy by the pump 15 means that a relative movement must be generated between the plates 13 and 14 against the force f. It also means that the external force transmitted into the water (to its right) by the plate 14 and its movement (relative to the reference line 17) must always be zero, otherwise the wave energy is transmitted. Will disappear.

  FIG. 4 a shows how the extraction of energy by the pump 15 through the application of force −f causes a reduction in the valley depth 18 before and after the plate 13. (In this description, forces and movements in the left direction, that is, against the moving direction of the waves, are considered negative, and forces and movements in the right direction, that is, in the same direction as the waves, are considered positive. During this process, the plate 13 moved to the left, i.e., the distance -d together with the oscillating water mass, and the product of force and distance is that the positive energy amount + W was extracted from the wave. Means.

  In FIG. 4a, the movement is in the left direction because the direction of vibration in the wave valley is opposite to the direction of the wave itself. Since plate 13 is moving, it transmits an ongoing “in-phase” wave into the space between plates 13 and 14, which has the same wavelength as the incident wave. However, the amplitude of the wave valleys and crests decreases in a direct proportion to the amount of energy remaining from that drawn by the pump 15. A decrease in wave energy means that vibrational motion within the wave is also reduced. This is shown, for example, as a decrease in the deflection of the “imaginary” partition membrane from a position 19 indicated by a dashed line to a position 20 indicated by a solid line with less deflection.

  As mentioned above, the plate 13 must be able to apply force to the pump 15 and move against it to extract energy. However, an equal but opposite reaction will appear on the plate 14 for this force, so if it is equal but not resisted by a force opposite to the right direction, it will move to the left and its right side Will generate a wave valley.

  From the above description of the oscillating motion inside the wave, it is clear that the direction of force movement inside the wave reverses every half cycle. Thus, if the plates 13 and 14 are positioned at a nominal half-wave spacing, the plate 14 will be subjected to a rightward force that opposes the force generated by the pump 15.

  If examined more closely, since the action and reaction before and after the pump 15 must always be equal, the level (energy change) before and after the plate 13 is always equal to the level (energy change) before and after the plate 14. It is clear that they must be equal but vice versa. Therefore, the “level” change before and after the plate 13 is reversely reproduced by the “level” change before and after the plate 14, while the level change is determined by the amount of energy drawn by the pump 15. Different amounts of extracted energy will produce different effects from these level changes. For example, if only a small percentage of available energy is drawn, the level change 18a will be small compared to the valley depth 24. Since this is reproduced in reverse on the plate 14, the level change 21 a will also be small compared to the (intermediate) wave crest height 26. Thus, the reverse reaction force (generated on the plate 14 by the pump 15) is not large enough to resist the overall force generated by the wave crest 26. The surplus 26a that does not receive resistance moves to the right in the plate 14, and some of the wave energy passes through and is transferred to the right side of the plate 14, so that energy is transferred through the system and lost.

  However, as the back pressure applied to the pump 15 increases, the level (energy change) 18 before and after the plate 13 increases correspondingly. As an effect, since the colliding valley depth 24 does not change, the transmitted wave valley depth 27 decreases. However, the valley depth 27 also determines the crest height 21 because they are both related to the same reduced amplitude vibration process. For this reason, since the level difference 18 increases as the back pressure from the pump 15 increases, both the residual valley depth 27 and the residual wave crest height 21 decrease correspondingly. With a certain level of energy extraction (back pressure), the “level” difference 21 a across the plate 14 will match the hydrostatic level 22. In these conditions, the plate 14 has no residual force left to generate a wave on its right side and therefore no horizontal movement. Therefore, since the pump 15 draws out all the vibration energy accompanying the wave, the wave disappears theoretically.

  To assist in the explanation, the phrase “level” (energy change) is used to define the different states that occur before and after the plate. This is because the energy in the wave is directly proportional to the square of its height, not its height. Therefore, the directly measured height difference between the front and back of the plate must be mathematically calculated by the square law, thereby comparing them with the energy change. Second, the “real” wave shape is almost Stokian, not a sine wave. That is, as can be seen from FIG. 4 b, the slope of the curve across the wave crest 28 is greater than when passing through the wave trough 29.

  FIG. 4b shows how the wave trough 31 is longer than the wave crest 30 when measured along the average “static” waterline, and its inherent as the plate 13 moves back and forth as the traveling wave passes through. Explain how the motion follows the point where the hydrostatic level intersects the wave surface profile.

  4a to 4d show the motion of wave 2 and plates 13 and 14 throughout the traveling wave cycle. From this series of “snapshots” we can see how wave force balancing and cancellation continues throughout the process. For example, in FIG. 4b, when wave crest 2 approaches from the left, both plates 13 and 14 coincide with the “nodule” point of the wave, and therefore the level difference (ie, force) before and after both disappears. Between the states of FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, the valley depth 27 gradually decreases at the same rate as the wave crest 21 decreases, so that equilibrium and force balance are maintained. Between FIG. 4 b and FIG. 4 c, the wave crest approaches the plate 13 to generate a wave trough that hits the plate 14, thereby obtaining a reaction force to counter the wave crest force acting on the plate 13. FIG. 4d shows that the situation has returned to the situation of FIG. 4b but is in a mirror image relationship. As the traveling wave continues, the configuration of FIG. 4a returns and the process repeats periodically and continuously.

  From the above analysis, two basic properties of the device can now be defined. First, plates spaced one wavelength apart oscillate in a circular or elliptical pattern with respect to the seabed, but coincidentally, with no measurable differential motion between them. Secondly, the plates arranged at half-wavelength intervals have the same pattern, but oscillate in the diametrical direction opposite to each other, and in each cycle of waves on the sea surface, differential motion approximately equivalent to two wave heights. Produce.

  When the plates are positioned one wavelength apart and fixed to each other, the wave energy passes through the device substantially unaffected while the plate passes through the device approximately half a wavelength or n is a positive integer including zero By adjusting the resistance (back pressure) of the energy absorber that draws energy from the relative displacement generated between the plates when positioned with a wavelength interval of (n + 1/2) λ, Theoretically, energy can be extracted to an amount equal to the total available amount in the wave.

  A further embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 5, in which the vertical floats 32, 33 and 34 are positioned perpendicular to the general direction of the waves, and Two double-acting hydraulic pumps 30 and 31 are connected to each other. The plate 33 is at nominal 2/3 and 2/3 positions from the outer plates 32 and 34, respectively. In this embodiment, it has been found that wave energy can be extracted from a wide range of wavelengths.

  FIG. 5b shows how the plates 32 and 33 move in the same way as the plates 13 and 14 of FIG. 4 when subjected to the action of waves having a wavelength of about twice the separation distance of these plates. As described above with reference to FIG. 4, it is theoretically possible to absorb almost all of the energy contained within the wave. At that time, the plate 34 is substantially redundant. Now if the device is subjected to waves of shorter wavelengths, for example a wavelength equal to the separation distance of the plates 32 and 33, as shown in FIG. 5c, the plates 32 and 33 move back and forth in unison, Waves can “pass through” undisturbed. However, the plates 33 and 34, which are spaced half the distance of the plates 32 and 33, are now at the proper λ / 2 spacing to absorb all of the wave energy via the pump 31.

  In fact, if the distance between any two plates is λ (n + 1/2) and n is a positive integer including zero, the apparatus can extract wave energy from the arbitrary wavelength λ with maximum efficiency. it can. For this reason, for example, the maximum energy is obtained by the interval between any two plates, such as λ (0 + 1/2) = 0.5λ, λ (1 + 1/2) = 1.5λ, λ (2 + 1/2) = 2.5λ, etc. Absorption is realized. Between these specific wavelengths, the energy extraction function is divided between different pairs of plates, an example of which is shown in FIG. 5a. In this case, there are exactly half wavelengths in the plates 32 and 34. However, since the plate 33 is located at a 1/3 wavelength position from the plate 34, a small portion of the wave energy is drawn by the pump 31 and the rest is drawn by the pump 30. Each plate "sees" the horizontal differential motion that occurs between it and the remaining two plates, and simply draws energy from this motion to an amount equal to (displacement) x (resistance). Since there is, this works. Thus, even if the half wavelength is not exactly equal to any spacing of the plate pairs, the wavelength still achieves high energy extraction efficiency. For example, a wavelength equal to the separation distance of plates 32 and 34 cannot extract any energy from this pair, but only from an intermediate plate 33 that is offset by a maximum of 1/6 wavelength from the nominal 1/2 wavelength position. be able to.

  This causes a slight decrease in energy extraction efficiency at this wavelength. Energy can also be extracted from wavelengths shorter than the separation distance of the plates 33 and 34, and FIG. 5d uses the equation λ (n + 1/2) to enable maximum energy absorption to be achieved at much shorter wavelengths. It shows.

  With respect to the above, the actual sea always has a combination of wavelengths that yields complex surface shapes and patterns, which is the most common shape commonly encountered. As explained earlier, the shape (which can be more accurately described as the velocity and height of the particles at an instantaneous location on the surface of the water) defines a single motion that occurs below the surface of the water at that location. This single motion is caused by the sum and difference of the lengths of different length waves passing through the location. Embodiments of the present invention use this synthetic differential motion to efficiently extract energy from all the entrained different wavelengths as if they were individually isolated from each other. Next, further embodiments of the present invention will be described with particular reference to FIGS.

  Aspects of the present invention are described with respect to i) extracting energy from waves, ii) propulsion of ships using energy derived from waves, and iii) reducing and compensating for destructive forces generated between multihulls.

  Figures 6a to 6d show how the horizontal vibration force and motion generated in the water mass can be used to achieve propulsion means in the wave or in the same direction as the wave. An embodiment of the present invention using this principle is shown in FIGS.

  FIGS. 6 a-6 d show schematic views of a propulsion device having two sets of vertically floating “louver” valves or louver valve arrangements 51 and 52. These valves allow the water to flow only in the same direction (in this case to the right) and provide a solid wall that is impermeable to water flow in the opposite (left) direction. The two louver valve arrays are connected to each other at half-wave intervals by pins of a fixed-length connector 53 joined to both ends of the array, and in this example are considered to be approaching from the left side. Arranged at right angles to the general direction of the wave 2.

  FIG. 6b shows the two “individual” water masses 54 and 55, shown shaded for clarity only, moving in a non-rotating oscillating manner while the waves pass. The water mass 55 in the valley vibrates substantially in the direction of the arrow 56, that is, in the direction opposite to the wave crest direction. This closes the louver valve and pushes the array 52 to the left. At the same time, the louver valve array 51 located at a fixed distance of half wavelength in front of the valve array 52 is subjected to the action of a water mass 54 oscillating with the wave crest substantially in the direction of arrow 57. This opens the louver valve and allows the water mass to pass through the array. Thus, as can be seen from FIGS. 6 a, 6 b and 6 c, during this process, the force generated by the moment of the vibrating water mass 55 causes the entire device to be displaced to the left by a distance of approximately one wave height 58.

  In FIG. 6d, when the process continues, the louver valve 51 is closed by the action of the water mass 54 oscillating to the left in the valley, and when the water mass 55 oscillates right along with the wave crest, 52 opens to allow the water mass 55 to pass and the device continues to be displaced to the left. During the positive horizontal displacement taking place in FIGS. 6b and 6d, the non-rotational vibration of the water mass is mainly in the vertical direction. For example, in FIG. 6c, the water mass 54 mainly vibrates downward and the water mass 55 mainly vibrates upward, but due to the moment, the device continues to move to the left and both sets of louver valves 51 and 52. Opens, allowing the relative movement of both water masses to be directed in a specific direction through the valve. A similar situation occurs in FIG. 6a, but is in a mirror image relationship. The situation is then returned to FIG. 6b and repeated in a continuous cycle.

  The above description of the propulsion method is configured to show how it can operate in the opposite direction of the wave, since it gives the most unique properties. However, this propulsion method can operate in the same direction as the wave by simply changing the operating direction of the check louver valve. For example, the valves close at the wave crest and are driven to the right, while the other set of valves open and pass through the wave valley. Thus, the propulsive force is equally effective both in the wave direction and vice versa. This propulsion is caused by what is known as the “primary wave effect”. However, the secondary wave effect generates a portion of the total water mass drift (eg 15%) in the direction of wave movement, which means that the speed of movement of the device relative to the seabed is actually the average speed in the direction opposite to the wave direction. Means about -15% of the average velocity and about + 15% of the average velocity in the same direction as the wave direction. It will be appreciated that the louver valve set may be controlled to operate in either one or both directions so that the device can be propelled leftward or rightward. It also attaches a rudder to the array, thereby enabling “tacking” oblique to the wavefront in the same or opposite direction of the wave direction, and an energy absorber of the type schematically shown in FIG. 4 between the arrays. Can also be used in whole or in part with a propeller or other type of propulsion means, thereby providing propulsion at right angles to the wavefront or at any combination angle thereto Will also be understood. It will be appreciated that the use of two sequences can mean the use of any number of related sequences.

  FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a wave protection device having two rectangular plates 100 and 102 and an energy absorber 104 pivotally attached to each plate by pivots 108 and 110. The energy absorber is submerged and has a loosely fitted piston or flow restraint device 111 located in a cavity 112 having a loosely fitted opening 113 and a choke passage 114. In operation, the differential motion between the plates during the passage of the wave causes the movement of the flow restraint device 111 and the water is pushed into and out of the cavities 115 and 116 and through the flow restraint device to cause the plate to move. Creates a drag force in both separation and close movement, thereby extracting energy from the wave.

  FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the invention in which a plurality (in this case eight) of floating devices 205 and 206 (as described in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 5) are chained. , Thereby providing a wave protection system for protecting the coastline 207. Waves are present in the open sea 200, but as a result of energy being absorbed by the wavebreaking system, the leeward water surface 210 of the wavebreaking system is calm. In this embodiment, two to three plate arrays could be grouped so that the wave conditions could be systematically adjusted to manage coastal erosion or deposition patterns at coastline 207.

  FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the present invention in which a plurality of propulsion devices 232 (as described in more detail in FIG. 6) cooperate to move the stranded ship 250 from the rocky terrain or Towed from a dynamic ride on the sand bar. In the process of extracting energy from the waves 233 to tow the ship, the waves are reduced, thereby creating a calmer maritime condition 234 to protect the ship during the rescue operation.

  FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a propulsion system for performing rescue or towing of a ship. Ship 220 deploys or uses devices 222, 224, and 226 (as described in more detail in FIG. 6) to cause the ship to move to arrow 229 in the event of an engine failure or to save fuel. Can be promoted in the direction of Extracting energy from the wave 227 to provide propulsion will result in a calmer sea 228 where the ship is located. The device can be stored flat, for example on a ship deck, for use in an emergency.

  Further applications of the invention are conceivable that make use of the fundamental principle of non-rotational vibrations in a body of water, not just the energy extraction or propulsion method. One such example uses the present invention on catamarans and other types of multihulls, thereby preventing or avoiding unusual and unpredictable maneuvering characteristics in certain marine conditions, and To prevent additional high side loads being applied. This is especially true for catamaran ships with thin, deep and width-spaced “wave through” hulls used primarily for speed and performance.

  In this embodiment of the invention, the two hulls of the catamaran can move in and out at a distance of at least two wave heights parallel to each other so that the hull follows the natural vibration process that occurs in the water mass. Means are provided for preventing these loads from being transmitted to the main structure. The process is briefly described below.

  Figures 13a to 13c show how the above principle can be used.

  FIG. 13 a shows a catamaran ship that penetrates the wave, having hulls floating in “separate” water bodies 62 and 63 and joined together by a sliding interconnect 64. FIG. 13a shows a situation where there are no waves and therefore no non-rotational vibrations in the water mass. FIG. 13b shows the dominant state when the trough of the traveling wave 68 passes (the wavelength is approximately twice the distance between the hulls). The accompanying non-rotational vibration of the water mass in the water further moves the two hulls apart by a distance of about one wave height. FIG. 13c shows the state where the top of the traveling wave travels across the hull. In this case, the non-rotational vibration of the water mass in the water causes the two hulls to move closer together by a distance of about one wave height. Thus, as the traveling wave 68 travels between the states shown in FIGS. 13b and 13c, the water mass vibrations pull the hull away and push them about a total distance of approximately twice the wave height in each wave cycle. Match. To explain the operation, the allowable change in the distance between the hulls absorbed by the sliding interconnect 64 compensates for the displacement caused by the mass moment oscillation of the water during the passage of the waves, and Absorb completely. This prevents damage due to lateral forces acting on the sides of the hull and the connecting bridge of the ship.

  In addition, means are provided to allow a “meander” effect to be generated between the hulls to follow the oscillating water pattern, thereby ensuring that the hull is always moved perpendicular to the local vibration pattern for maximum penetration efficiency. Can be made. The catamaran, which has a fixed bridge and is exposed to a side sea whose wavelength is approximately twice the distance between the hulls, is a wave of waves acting in opposite directions simultaneously on each of the two hulls. It receives a large, possibly destructive force between these hulls caused by this mass moment.

In a further embodiment, instead of the interconnect 64, a device that operates to extract energy both when the catamaran moves underwater and when the hull moves close and separate from each other is used. it can. The energy thus obtained can be used in many ways, three of which are shown below.
1. Supplying power to auxiliary heat, light, radios, etc.
2. 2. operating the ship itself by driving it in the direction of the hull with a propeller or other similar mechanical device; The extracted energy is used to operate the ship so that the hull does not remain parallel but the front moves variously towards and away from the rear, creating an all-saw effect, thereby further propeller or To systematically create a “meander” effect that can provide propulsion without the need for other similar machinery.

  Use means to change the average distance between the hulls to match the half wavelength rule, such as pantographs or other similar mechanisms, thereby increasing the maximum distance from the system in various sea conditions and wavelengths. Energy can also be extracted.

  Wave energy absorption, compensation or propulsion means have been described. A plate or a plate-like structure disposed at any height produces an effect. The structure may or may not allow liquid to pass through. A valve may be incorporated into the structure to allow or facilitate passage of liquid in one direction. The structure is submerged under different parts of the liquid mass or under the liquid mass under the influence of the vibration pattern caused by the passage of waves. Ideally, wave energy absorption, compensation or propulsion through control of the interaction between two or more of the above structures or between two or more structures that interact against the inertial mass of the liquid mass. Is achieved. This would be improved by utilizing a controlled flow of liquid that passes through the structure in only one direction.

  Switching on and off the wavebreaker can be accomplished by manually resetting the distance between the plates. For example, the device can be switched off by moving the plate from a half wavelength interval to a one wavelength interval. Switching off can also be achieved by removing the resistive force from the interconnection means.

  Although the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.

(A)-(d) is a figure which shows roughly how the energy of the shape of the wave which passes a water body affects the water body in water, and moves it. FIG. 3 schematically shows how the energy in the form of waves passing through a body of water affects and moves the body of water in the water. (A)-(d) schematically shows how the walls of the wave protection device according to the first aspect of the present invention move relative to each other during the passage of waves of a wavelength twice that distance between them. FIG. (A)-(d) shows how wave energy is transmitted and absorbed by a device as shown in FIGS. 3 (a)-(d) when the energy absorption system is placed between the walls. FIG. (A)-(d) adds countless walls and associated energy absorbers to the system shown in FIGS. 4 (a)-(d), thereby simultaneously creating a myriad of complex sea conditions FIG. 2 schematically shows how wave energy can be absorbed by different wavelengths. (A)-(d) is a diagram schematically illustrating how one embodiment of the present invention can use wave energy to generate propulsion within a wave or in the direction of wave movement. is there. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a wave breaker using a simple water choke valve to absorb wave energy. FIG. It is a figure which shows the effect | action of the several wave-protection apparatus arrange | positioned as a wave-protection system for performing protection of a coastal area and / or management of coastal erosion and deposition. 1 is a schematic view of a wavebreaking system for rescue and protection of a ship. FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of an alternative aspect of the present invention schematically showing a plurality of propulsion devices towing a ship. (A)-(d) is a figure which shows roughly how the non-rotation vibration of a water mass and this movement are influenced by the water depth with respect to a wavelength. (A)-(d) is a figure which shows roughly how the non-rotation vibration of a water mass and this movement are influenced by the water depth with respect to a wavelength. (A)-(c) show how the device according to a further aspect of the invention absorbs the relative motion occurring in different parts of the waveform according to Bernoulli's non-rotational motion theory to prevent damage to the multihull. It is a figure which shows roughly what can be done.

Claims (45)

  Non-rotational vibration process of a water mass that naturally occurs during the passage of a wave, having a plurality of structures having neutral buoyancy and one or more energy absorbers disposed between the plurality of structures When the structures are located in different parts of the structure, a counter force is generated between the structures, and the energy absorber generates wave energy from the relative motion of the structures and the opposing force generated between the structures. A wave protection device, characterized by being removed.   The structure is connected between the first and second structures, which are disposed substantially parallel to each other in use, and between the first and second structures, thereby preventing the opposing force and movement during use. The wave absorber according to claim 1, further comprising an energy absorber that absorbs energy.   The wave preventing device according to claim 2, further comprising a mechanical interconnect between the first and second structures, the interconnect supporting the energy absorber.   The wave preventing device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the wave preventing device is a third structure and is disposed substantially parallel to the other two structures when used.   The wave preventing device according to claim 4, wherein a separation distance between the first and second structures is approximately twice a separation distance between the second and third structures.   6. The separation distance between the first and third structures is λ / 2, where λ is a maximum wavelength of a wave at a specific place where the wave preventing device is to be disposed. The wave protection device according to 1.   The wave preventing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the structure is a substantially parallelepiped structure.   The structure is plate-like, and the plate-like is defined as a ratio of the area of the structure given in the wave direction to the square of the thickness of the structure, and the ratio exceeds 10. The wave preventive device according to claim 7.   The wave preventing device according to claim 8, wherein the ratio exceeds 20.   The wave preventing device according to claim 9, wherein the ratio exceeds 30.   9. The wave breaker according to claim 8, wherein the height of the plate-like structure is smaller than half of the wave wavelength (λ / 2) at a specific place where the wave breaker is to be disposed.   The wave preventing device according to claim 11, wherein the height is smaller than (λ / 5) of a wavelength of a wave at the specific location.   The wave preventing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the structural body is substantially vertically oriented.   The wave preventing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the plate-like structure extends in a horizontal direction and hangs downward from a liquid surface.   2. The or each energy absorber includes a water choke valve arranged to throttle water through a throttle, thereby dissipating energy when the structure is relatively displaced. 14. The wave preventing device according to any one of 14.   The or each energy absorber is an electromagnetic mechanism enclosed in a suitable waterproof container, and includes an electromagnetic mechanism configured to generate an electromotive force when the structure is relatively displaced. Item 15. A wave preventing device according to any one of Items 1 to 14.   The said or each energy absorber has the rack and pinion mechanism provided with the gearwheel suitable for converting linear motion into rotational motion, The wavebreaker as described in any one of Claims 1-14 characterized by the above-mentioned. .   The said or each energy absorber is equipped with the piston and cylinder mechanism comprised so that it might act as a dashpot, The wavebreaker as described in any one of Claims 1-14 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The or each energy absorber has a two-way piston and cylinder, and when the structure moves toward and away from each other, the fluid travels through the energy absorber, thereby absorbing wave energy It is comprised as follows. The wavebreaker as described in any one of Claims 1-14 characterized by the above-mentioned.   20. In use, the longitudinal axis of the structure is positioned in a water body such as an outer sea area so as to extend substantially parallel to an incident wavefront. Wave protection device.   A wavebreaking system comprising a plurality of wavebreaking devices according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the wavebreaking system is capable of maintaining or changing coastal deposition and / or erosion patterns.   21. A method of controlling coastal erosion using a wavebreaker according to any one of claims 1 to 20 or a system according to claim 21.   A propulsion device for use in a water body, comprising first and second submerged structures arranged substantially parallel to each other and connected by struts, the first and second structures comprising a check valve Having an array, wherein the array allows water to flow in one direction through each array, both arrays being configured to be operable in the same direction, whereby the structure is waved in the water mass. When the device is oriented approximately perpendicular to the incident wavefront, separated by about half of the wavelength of the water, the natural non-rotational vibration of the water mass is in the opposite direction to the other valve arrangement. Propulsion device characterized by acting.   24. The propulsion device according to claim 23, wherein the submerged structure has a substantially parallelepiped plate shape.   The propulsion device according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the structure has a substantially vertical orientation.   The direction of non-rotational oscillating motion of the water mass closes one array and moves it in a direction that carries the entire assembly with it, while the reverse non-rotation of the water mass acting on the other array Open to allow the water mass to pass, and reversal occurs when the wave system passes, the first array opens and the second array closes, but the direction of movement of the entire device remains the same as before The propulsion device according to any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the valve arrangement is configured as described above.   Both sets of check valve arrangements can be set to open in the same direction as the approaching wave crest, so that in the portion of the water mass that moves the entire assembly in the direction opposite to the wave direction. 27. The propulsion device according to any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein propulsion in a reverse direction is achieved by closing the check valve array in a wave valley by the generated non-rotational vibration motion.   Both sets of check valves are configured to close in the same direction as the approaching wave crest, propulsion in the same direction as the wave crest is achieved, and the check valves are within the wave valley. 27. A propulsion device according to any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein the propulsion device can be opened and thereby allow a counter-vibrating water mass to pass through.   27. Control means capable of changing the direction of operation of the check valve during operation, thereby changing the direction of propulsion of the assembly. Propulsion device.   30. A propulsion device according to any one of claims 23 to 29, comprising a rudder, whereby the device can be tucked diagonally inside or in the same direction as the wave.   The strut has an adjustable length, and the control means is configured to be able to operate separately on one structure and the other structure, so that the force of the structure can be increased by wave forces. 30. A propulsion device according to claim 29, wherein the props can be adjusted to achieve opposing movements, thereby matching the nominal spacing of the structure to a wavelength that changes during operation.   The propulsion device according to any one of claims 23 to 31, further comprising an energy absorption device that is associated with the support column and is operable to extract energy.   The propulsion device of claim 32, wherein the energy absorber is configured to power additional propeller type propulsion means.   The propulsion device according to claim 23 and 24, wherein both of the plate-like structures are horizontally oriented and hang downward from the water surface.   The propulsion device according to any one of claims 23 to 34, further comprising a third structure that is parallel to the first and second structures but spaced from them.   36. A propulsion device according to claim 35, wherein the third structure is adjustable relative to the other two structures.   37. The propulsion device according to any one of claims 23 to 36, wherein the check valve is a louver type valve.   38. The generated propulsive force is used to provide a static or dynamic force in the same direction, opposite direction or diagonally to the dominant wave. A method of using the propulsion device described in 1.   The method of using a propulsion device according to any one of claims 23 to 37, wherein the force is used for towing.   40. The method of using a propulsion device according to claim 39, wherein the energy absorbed in producing the force and movement is used to form a calm body of water behind the device.   A multihull with at least two hulls connected by a sliding or caliper type link, said hulls being connected to each other and being able to move apart or approach each other while remaining substantially parallel A multihull ship characterized by.   The usable relative movement between the hulls absorbs the differential motion caused by the fact that one hull and the other hull are located in different parts of the non-rotating oscillating water mass while the ship travels through the waves. 42. A multihull according to claim 41, wherein said hull is sufficiently large to prevent large lateral forces from being applied to said hull by non-rotating water masses.   An energy absorber operable by the differential force and motion that can be generated between the hulls is used to propel the ship in a generally longitudinal direction of the hull using a propeller or other mechanical means. 43. A multihull according to claim 41 or 42, wherein the multihull is configured to extract energy that can be generated.   44. The connecting means between the floating structure or hull is used for wavelength, wave height or period measurement and / or for providing a stable platform for equipment or workers. The device according to any one of the above.   A protective means for long ships that spans multiple waves diagonally, having a horizontal differential joint or a double joint of the structure along the length of the structure, so that it is in different parts of the wave system A protective means characterized by being adapted to different non-rotating patterns occurring in the water mass of the water.

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