JP2008514844A - Method and apparatus for compressing gaseous media - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for compressing gaseous media Download PDF

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JP2008514844A
JP2008514844A JP2007532789A JP2007532789A JP2008514844A JP 2008514844 A JP2008514844 A JP 2008514844A JP 2007532789 A JP2007532789 A JP 2007532789A JP 2007532789 A JP2007532789 A JP 2007532789A JP 2008514844 A JP2008514844 A JP 2008514844A
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liquid
gaseous medium
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JP4986161B2 (en
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アドラー、ロベルト
ジーベルト、ゲオルグ
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/06—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/06—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/10—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped of multiple type, e.g. with two or more units in parallel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/077—Ionic Liquids

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

A method and device for compressing a gaseous medium, specifically hydrogen, is disclosed. Compression of the gaseous medium takes place by way of a fluid, where a fluid is used in which the gaseous medium is not soluble and/or can be separated residue-free from the gaseous medium. An ionic fluid, a high-boiling hydraulic oil, or a fluid which has a very low vapor pressure is used as the fluid.

Description

本発明は、ガス状媒体、特に気体水素を圧縮するための方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for compressing gaseous media, in particular gaseous hydrogen.

本発明はまた、ガス状媒体、特に気体水素を圧縮するための装置にも関する。   The invention also relates to an apparatus for compressing gaseous media, in particular gaseous hydrogen.

この種のガス状媒体の圧縮方法並びに装置においては、ピストン式圧縮機又はピストン式圧縮システムが利用されている。ピストン式圧縮機は、圧縮すべきガス状媒体をピストン駆動（作動）用媒体、例えば油圧作動液から隔離するために適切なシール機構を必要とする。   In this kind of gaseous medium compression method and apparatus, a piston compressor or a piston compression system is used. Piston compressors require a suitable sealing mechanism to isolate the gaseous medium to be compressed from the piston drive (actuation) medium, eg hydraulic fluid.

特に気体水素や天然ガス又は高純度気体を圧縮する場合は勿論、しかるべき根拠により圧縮対象のガス状媒体がピストン駆動用媒体で汚染されることを阻止する必要がある場合及び／又は汚染が望ましくない場合には、圧縮機のシリンダとピストン及びそれらの相対摺動間隙をシールするダイナミックシール機構の精密な嵌合が不可欠である。しかしながら、通常、これらの精密嵌合機構の製造コスト及び保守整備コストは相応に高額である。更に、この種の応用分野ではダイアフラム式圧縮機や注油不要のピストン式圧縮機などの高コストの圧縮機械を考慮に入れなければならないことが多い。   Especially when compressing gaseous hydrogen, natural gas or high-purity gas, it is necessary to prevent the gaseous medium to be compressed from being contaminated with the piston drive medium and / or contamination is desirable. If not, precise fitting of a dynamic seal mechanism that seals the compressor cylinder and piston and their relative sliding gaps is essential. However, the manufacturing costs and maintenance costs of these precision fitting mechanisms are usually relatively high. In addition, this type of application often has to take into account high-cost compression machines such as diaphragm compressors or piston compressors that do not require lubrication.

この種の圧縮方法並びに圧縮装置は、例えば天然ガス充填補給スタンドで実施されているように、天然ガスの圧縮に利用されている。   This type of compression method and apparatus is used for compressing natural gas, for example as practiced at a natural gas replenishment stand.

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、ガス状媒体、特に気体水素を圧縮する目的に適った冒頭に述べた種類の圧縮方法及び装置において、前述の欠点を回避することのできる方法と装置を提供することにある。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus of the kind mentioned above, which is suitable for the purpose of compressing gaseous media, in particular gaseous hydrogen, and which can avoid the aforementioned drawbacks. There is to do.

本発明によるガス状媒体の圧縮方法によれば、上述の課題は、ガス状媒体の圧縮を液体によって行い、この液体として、ガス状媒体を溶解しない液体及び／又はガス状媒体から残らず分離可能な液体を用いることによって解決される。   According to the method for compressing a gaseous medium according to the present invention, the above-mentioned problem is that the gaseous medium is compressed with a liquid, and this liquid can be separated from the liquid that does not dissolve the gaseous medium and / or from the gaseous medium. It is solved by using a simple liquid.

また、上述の課題を解決するための本発明によるガス状媒体の圧縮装置は、
ａ）１つ又は複数のシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）と、
ｂ）圧縮すべきガス状媒体をシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に供給し、或いは該シリンダから取り出すための供給導管（１、１’、１”）及び取出導管（２、２’、２”）と、
ｃ）個々のシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に接続され、ガス状媒体の圧縮に用いる液体（Ｄ）をシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に導入し、或いは該シリンダから導出するための液体導管（３、５）と、
ｄ）シリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）内の液体（Ｄ）の量を変化させる手段と、
を備え、
ｅ）前記液体（Ｄ）が、圧縮すべきガス状媒体を溶解しない性質及び／又はガス状媒体から残らず分離可能な性質を有する液体であることを特徴とする。 Moreover, the compression apparatus of the gaseous medium by this invention for solving the above-mentioned subject is
a) one or more cylinders (Z1, Z2);
b) a supply conduit (1, 1 ′, 1 ″) and an extraction conduit (2, 2 ′, 2 ″) for supplying or removing the gaseous medium to be compressed to or from the cylinder (Z1, Z2); ,
c) Liquid conduits (3, 5) connected to the individual cylinders (Z1, Z2) for introducing the liquid (D) used for compressing the gaseous medium into or out of the cylinder (Z1, Z2) )When,
d) means for changing the amount of the liquid (D) in the cylinders (Z1, Z2);
With
e) The liquid (D) is a liquid having the property of not dissolving the gaseous medium to be compressed and / or the property of being separable from the gaseous medium.

本発明によれば、ガス状媒体を圧縮するに際して、ピストン形圧縮機をはじめとしてあらゆるピストン形式の圧縮機構を排除することが可能である。即ち、本発明においては、圧縮対象のガス状媒体の圧縮は、該ガス状媒体を収容したシリンダ内部で液体の体積を変化させることによって果たされる。従来から用いられてきた固体材料からなるピストンやプランジャは、シリンダ内に導入される非圧縮性流体である液体の柱、即ち液柱によって置き換えられる。シリンダ内における液柱の液面の上下動により、ピストンの上下動と同等の態様で圧縮対象のガス状媒体がシリンダ内に吸込まれ、シリンダ内で圧縮される。   According to the present invention, when compressing a gaseous medium, it is possible to eliminate all piston-type compression mechanisms including a piston-type compressor. That is, in the present invention, the compression of the gaseous medium to be compressed is achieved by changing the volume of the liquid inside the cylinder containing the gaseous medium. Conventionally used pistons and plungers made of a solid material are replaced by a liquid column that is an incompressible fluid introduced into a cylinder, that is, a liquid column. Due to the vertical movement of the liquid level of the liquid column in the cylinder, the gaseous medium to be compressed is sucked into the cylinder and compressed in the cylinder in a manner equivalent to the vertical movement of the piston.

圧縮に用いる液体としては、該液体による混入汚染を回避しなければならない高純度ガス状媒体の圧縮をも可能とするため、圧縮対象のガス状媒体が溶解せず、また該ガス状媒体から残らず分離し得るような液体を選択することが好ましい。   As the liquid used for the compression, it is possible to compress a high-purity gaseous medium that must avoid contamination by the liquid, so that the gaseous medium to be compressed is not dissolved and remains from the gaseous medium. It is preferable to select a liquid that can be separated.

本発明の好適な一実施形態においては、圧縮用の液体として、イオン性液体、難沸騰性油圧作動液、飽和蒸気圧が極めて低い液体（例えば真空ポンプ油、溶融塩、低融点金属など）、又はガス溶解度が１０−４mol/L bar未満の液体が用いられる。 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as the compression liquid, an ionic liquid, a hardly-boiling hydraulic fluid, a liquid having a very low saturated vapor pressure (for example, vacuum pump oil, molten salt, low melting point metal, etc.), Alternatively, a liquid having a gas solubility of less than 10 −4 mol / L bar is used.

イオン性液体は融点が１００℃と−９０℃の間にある低融点の有機塩類であり、この場合、公知のイオン性液体の多くは室温において既に液体の形で存在する。従来の分子状液体とは異なり、イオン性液体は完全にイオン性であり、従って新規で特異な特性を示す。イオン性液体はアニオン及び／又はカチオンの構造を変えることにより、またそれらの特性の組み合わせを変えることにより、所要の技術的課題に比較的良好に適合させることができる。この理由から、この種の液体はしばしば「デザイナー溶媒」とも呼ばれる。これに対して従来の分子状液体では、構造の変化が可能なだけである。   Ionic liquids are low melting point organic salts having a melting point between 100 ° C. and −90 ° C. In this case, many of the known ionic liquids already exist in liquid form at room temperature. Unlike conventional molecular liquids, ionic liquids are completely ionic and thus exhibit new and unique properties. Ionic liquids can be relatively well adapted to the required technical challenges by changing the structure of the anions and / or cations and also by changing their combination of properties. For this reason, this type of liquid is often referred to as a “designer solvent”. In contrast, conventional molecular liquids can only undergo structural changes.

従来の分子状液体に対して、イオン性液体は測定可能レベルに達しない極めて低い飽和蒸気圧しか示さないという利点もある。これは、イオン性液体は分解温度に達しない限り高真空下においても微量の蒸発すらしないことを意味する。従って、イオン性液体は分解温度未満では大気中に気化拡散することができないため、非可燃性であって環境汚染も生じないという特性がもたらされる。   Compared to conventional molecular liquids, ionic liquids also have the advantage of exhibiting very low saturated vapor pressures that do not reach measurable levels. This means that the ionic liquid will not even evaporate a trace amount even under high vacuum unless the decomposition temperature is reached. Therefore, since the ionic liquid cannot be vaporized and diffused into the atmosphere below the decomposition temperature, it is nonflammable and does not cause environmental pollution.

既に述べたように、公知のイオン性液体の融点は、定義に従って１００℃未満である。いわゆる液化領域（融点と熱分解温度との間の領域）は、通常４００℃以上に達する。   As already mentioned, the melting point of known ionic liquids is less than 100 ° C. according to the definition. The so-called liquefaction zone (the zone between the melting point and the thermal decomposition temperature) usually reaches 400 ° C. or higher.

加えて、イオン性液体は高い熱安定性を示す。分解温度はしばしば４００℃を上回る。イオン性液体の場合、密度ならびに他の液体との混合挙動は、双方のイオンの選択によって影響を受ける。即ち調節が可能である。更にイオン性液体は導電性であり、そのため危険性を招く帯電現象を防止することができるという利点も有している。   In addition, ionic liquids exhibit high thermal stability. The decomposition temperature is often above 400 ° C. In the case of ionic liquids, the density as well as the mixing behavior with other liquids is affected by the choice of both ions. That is, adjustment is possible. Furthermore, the ionic liquid is electrically conductive, and therefore has an advantage that a charging phenomenon that causes danger can be prevented.

本発明において、イオン性液体は圧縮対象のガス状媒体から残らず完全に分離することが可能であるので、圧縮装置の設備コスト及び保守整備コストを比較的低額に抑制することができるという利点が得られる。   In the present invention, since the ionic liquid can be completely separated from the gaseous medium to be compressed, there is an advantage that the equipment cost and maintenance cost of the compression device can be suppressed relatively low. can get.

イオン性液体は、既に述べたように有意の飽和蒸気圧を示さないので、圧縮後のガス状媒体にイオン性液体成分が随伴する可能性は皆無である。   As already mentioned, ionic liquids do not exhibit significant saturation vapor pressure, so there is no possibility that ionic liquid components will accompany the compressed gaseous medium.

ガス溶解性の大きな液体の場合には、液体供給用の駆動ポンプに好ましくないキャビテーションが発生し、また通常は圧縮装置設備配管系内に設置されている中間的な液体貯蔵容器中へのガス状媒体の望ましくない随伴が生じる。ガス溶解度が１０−４mol/L bar未満の液体を使用することにより、これらの問題を回避することができる。その結果、液体供給用の駆動ポンプの寿命が長くなる。更に圧縮用液体へのガス状媒体の随伴が無いので、随伴ガスの分離に伴って生じるような保安上の問題も回避される。 In the case of liquids with high gas solubility, undesired cavitation occurs in the drive pump for supplying the liquid, and the gas in the intermediate liquid storage container usually installed in the piping system of the compressor equipment An undesirable entrainment of the medium occurs. By using a liquid with a gas solubility of less than 10 −4 mol / L bar, these problems can be avoided. As a result, the life of the liquid supply drive pump is prolonged. Further, since there is no accompanying gaseous medium to the compressing liquid, security problems such as those associated with the separation of the accompanying gas are avoided.

本発明の圧縮方法及び装置とその発展形態について、添付図面に示す実施例に基づいて詳述すれば以下の通りである。   The compression method and apparatus of the present invention and its development will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

図１は本発明に係る圧縮方法を実施するための一実施形態による圧縮装置の構成を示しており、本実施形態では２基のシリンダＺ１とＺ２内で圧縮が行われる。但し、圧縮を２基ではなく１基だけのシリンダ内で行ってもよく、あるいは２基よりも多数基のシリンダ内で行うことも可能であることは述べるまでもない。   FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a compression apparatus according to an embodiment for carrying out a compression method according to the present invention. In this embodiment, compression is performed in two cylinders Z1 and Z2. However, it goes without saying that compression may be performed in a single cylinder instead of two, or in a larger number of cylinders than two.

シリンダＺ１及びＺ２には、供給導管１、１’及び１”を通じて圧縮対象のガス状媒体が供給される。個々のシリンダに通じる各供給導管には、吸込弁ａ又はｂが介装されている。圧縮操作が行われた後、圧縮後のガス状媒体はシリンダｚ１、ｚ２からそれぞれ取出導管２’、２”を通じて取り出され、これらの取出導管にも同様に弁ｃ又はｄが介装されている。   The cylinders Z1 and Z2 are supplied with a gaseous medium to be compressed through supply conduits 1, 1 ′ and 1 ″. A suction valve a or b is interposed in each supply conduit leading to the individual cylinder. After the compression operation has been carried out, the compressed gaseous medium is taken out from the cylinders z1, z2 through the extraction conduits 2 ′, 2 ″, respectively, and valves c or d are likewise provided in these extraction conduits. Yes.

シリンダＺ１、Ｚ２から取り出される圧縮後のガス状媒体に随伴液体（この随伴液体については更に後述する）が存在する場合には、各取出導管の下流に設けられた気液分離器Ａ内で液体が完全に分離され、圧縮されたガス状媒体のみが最下流の取出導管２を通じて別の用途及び／又は中間貯蔵タンクに送り出される。   When an accompanying liquid (this accompanying liquid will be further described later) is present in the compressed gaseous medium taken out from the cylinders Z1 and Z2, the liquid is separated in the gas-liquid separator A provided downstream of each extraction conduit. Are completely separated and only the compressed gaseous medium is sent to another application and / or intermediate storage tank through the most downstream extraction conduit 2.

シリンダＺ１、Ｚ２内には、ガス状媒体の圧縮操作に用いられる液体Ｄが導入されている。この目的で、シリンダＺ１、Ｚ２には、電動機Ｍによって回転駆動される液圧ポンプＸの給排ポートが液体導管３、４又は５，６を介して接続されている。   A liquid D used for compressing the gaseous medium is introduced into the cylinders Z1 and Z2. For this purpose, supply and discharge ports of a hydraulic pump X that is rotationally driven by an electric motor M are connected to the cylinders Z1 and Z2 via liquid conduits 3, 4 or 5,6.

液圧ポンプＸが一方の回転方向に駆動されると、シリンダＺ１とＺ２内の液体Ｄのレベルが変化し、一方のシリンダ内に圧縮対象のガス状媒体が吸込まれると同時に他方のシリンダ内ではガス状媒体の圧縮が行われる。この場合、液圧ポンプＸには回転斜板カムで吐出量が可変制御されるアキシャルピストンポンプを使用することが好ましく、その場合は電動機Ｍを一定方向に回転させたまま回転斜板カムの簡単な斜板角変更によって液体Ｄの給排量及び／又は給排方向を変更することができる。   When the hydraulic pump X is driven in one rotational direction, the level of the liquid D in the cylinders Z1 and Z2 changes, and the gaseous medium to be compressed is sucked into one cylinder and at the same time in the other cylinder Then, compression of the gaseous medium is performed. In this case, it is preferable to use an axial piston pump whose discharge amount is variably controlled by the rotary swash plate cam as the hydraulic pump X. In this case, the rotary swash plate cam can be simply used while the electric motor M is rotated in a fixed direction. By changing the swash plate angle, the supply / discharge amount and / or supply / discharge direction of the liquid D can be changed.

更に本発明によれば、圧縮操作時に発生する熱（圧縮熱）の少なくとも部分的な冷却を液体Ｄを通して行うことができるという従来技術よりも優れた利点を備えている。この目的で、図示するように熱交換器Ｋ１、Ｋ２が冷却器として設けられており、これらの熱交換器を通じて圧縮操作時に発生する熱を例えば周囲環境及び／又は他の適宜な流体に排出することができる。液体Ｄを通して冷却器、即ち熱交換器Ｋ１、Ｋ２により圧縮熱を完全に排出できるように構成すると、１段階の等温的な圧縮を実現することができる。   Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is an advantage over the prior art that at least partial cooling of the heat (compression heat) generated during the compression operation can be performed through the liquid D. For this purpose, heat exchangers K1 and K2 are provided as coolers as shown in the figure, and heat generated during the compression operation is discharged through these heat exchangers to, for example, the surrounding environment and / or other appropriate fluids. be able to. If it is configured that the heat of compression can be completely discharged by the coolers, that is, the heat exchangers K1 and K2 through the liquid D, one-stage isothermal compression can be realized.

冷却器として機能する個々の熱交換器Ｋ１、Ｋ２と液圧ポンプＸとの間には、弁ｅ又はｇが介装されている。これらの弁はいわゆるストップ弁で、閉鎖時には液圧ポンプＸにシリンダ側からの系内圧力が一切作用しないように機能する。   A valve e or g is interposed between the individual heat exchangers K1 and K2 functioning as a cooler and the hydraulic pump X. These valves are so-called stop valves and function so that the system pressure from the cylinder side does not act on the hydraulic pump X when closed.

本発明の更に有利な発展形態として、シリンダＺ１、Ｚ２内に熱交換器Ｅ１、Ｅ２を配置することができる。   As a further advantageous development of the invention, the heat exchangers E1, E2 can be arranged in the cylinders Z1, Z2.

従来技術による圧縮機のシリンダ構造では、シリンダ内に褶動可能なピストンが配置されているため熱交換器の内蔵は許容されず、従ってシリンダ内腔の冷却は外部から行うしかない。そのため、圧縮時に発生する熱は、従来法では圧縮機シリンダ外部のジャッケトにより冷却媒体（空気、水、冷却剤など）へ伝導されて排出される。このため、通常は等温的な圧縮は実行できず、従って圧縮エネルギーは相応に高くなる。   In the cylinder structure of the compressor according to the prior art, since a piston capable of swinging is disposed in the cylinder, it is not allowed to incorporate a heat exchanger, and therefore, the cylinder lumen can only be cooled from the outside. Therefore, in the conventional method, heat generated during compression is conducted to a cooling medium (air, water, coolant, etc.) by a jacket outside the compressor cylinder and discharged. For this reason, usually isothermal compression cannot be carried out, so that the compression energy is correspondingly high.

上述の本発明の有利な実施形態による構成の圧縮装置では、シリンダの内部冷却を実現でき、それにより従来技術における上述の欠点を回避することが可能である。   With the above-described compression device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to achieve internal cooling of the cylinder, thereby avoiding the above-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art.

この場合の熱交換器の概念は、任意構造の熱交換器（以下、アクティブ熱交換器と称する）及び蓄熱器（以下、パッシブ熱交換器と称する）と理解することができる。   The concept of the heat exchanger in this case can be understood as a heat exchanger having an arbitrary structure (hereinafter referred to as an active heat exchanger) and a heat accumulator (hereinafter referred to as a passive heat exchanger).

アクティブ熱交換器の場合には、圧縮に際して発生する熱は適切な冷却媒体を用いて排出されるのに対し、パッシブ熱交換器の場合には、係る熱は圧縮装置のシリンダ内部空間内に留まっている。実は後者の場合にも、圧縮熱は圧縮対象のガス状媒体を通じて除去されるのであるが、ガス状媒体に伝えられた圧縮熱は前述のたように液体Ｄに伝達される。パッシブ熱交換器（蓄熱器）としては、冷却フィン、ひれ等、及び／又は金属製の球、円盤等のような充填物を使用することができる。   In the case of an active heat exchanger, the heat generated during compression is discharged using an appropriate cooling medium, whereas in the case of a passive heat exchanger, such heat remains in the cylinder internal space of the compressor. ing. Actually, also in the latter case, the compression heat is removed through the gaseous medium to be compressed, but the compression heat transmitted to the gaseous medium is transmitted to the liquid D as described above. As the passive heat exchanger (heat accumulator), a filler such as a cooling fin, a fin, and / or a metal ball, a disk, or the like can be used.

従って、上述の本発明の有利な実施形態によれば、必要な圧縮エネルギーの著しい低減と、ほぼ等温的な圧縮とが可能になる。更にガス出口温度の低下と、圧縮装置の弁に加わる熱負荷の低下も効果的に果たすことができる。   Thus, the advantageous embodiments of the present invention described above allow a significant reduction in the required compression energy and a substantially isothermal compression. Further, it is possible to effectively reduce the gas outlet temperature and the heat load applied to the valve of the compressor.

シリンダＺ１、Ｚ２から取り出され、分離器Ａ内で圧縮後のガス状媒体から分離された液体分は、逆止弁ｉが介装されている導管９を通じて必要に応じて介装された中間貯蔵容器Ｓに送り込まれる。この中間貯蔵容器に蓄えられた液体は、導管７、８によりそれぞれストップ弁としての逆止弁ｆ、ｈを介して液圧ポンプの給排ポートへ通じる導管４、６に導入可能であり、液圧ポンプによる液体Ｄの給排操作に応じてシリンダＺ１、Ｚ２へ戻される。   The liquid component taken out from the cylinders Z1 and Z2 and separated from the gaseous medium after being compressed in the separator A is intermediately stored as necessary through a conduit 9 in which a check valve i is interposed. It is fed into the container S. The liquid stored in the intermediate storage container can be introduced into the conduits 4 and 6 that lead to the supply / discharge ports of the hydraulic pump via the check valves f and h as stop valves by the conduits 7 and 8, respectively. The liquid D is returned to the cylinders Z1 and Z2 according to the supply / discharge operation of the liquid D by the pressure pump.

本発明のガス状媒体の圧縮方法における更に別の有利な一発展形態では、圧縮すべきガス状媒体の吸込行程中にその後の圧縮に用いられる液体の補給が必要に応じて行われる。   In a further advantageous development of the method for compressing a gaseous medium according to the invention, replenishment of the liquid used for the subsequent compression is carried out as required during the suction stroke of the gaseous medium to be compressed.

即ち、特に圧縮操作に用いる液体の給排用駆動ポンプ、即ち液圧ポンプＸにおいては、その作動に伴ってドレンへ漏洩する不可避的な液体Ｄの損失が生じることが多い。このため、係る損失を補償する目的で、液圧ポンプによる両シリンダ間の給排系内の液体量が少なくなった場合には新たな液体を系内に追加供給して補給することが必要になる。この場合、液体の補給に際して圧縮側及び吸込側の各シリンダ系で相互干渉作用が起こらないように留意しなければならない。また、この圧縮用液体の給排系の駆動に必要なエネルギーの大きさは圧縮行程の目標圧力や圧縮比に応じて定まるが、液体の補給によってその最大エネルギーが（不必要に）増大しないように留意する必要もある。   That is, particularly in the liquid supply / discharge drive pump used for the compression operation, that is, the hydraulic pump X, inevitable loss of the liquid D leaking to the drain is often caused by the operation. For this reason, in order to compensate for the loss, when the amount of liquid in the supply / discharge system between both cylinders by the hydraulic pump decreases, it is necessary to supply and replenish new liquid to the system. Become. In this case, care must be taken not to cause mutual interference between the cylinder systems on the compression side and the suction side when replenishing the liquid. The amount of energy required for driving the compression liquid supply / discharge system is determined according to the target pressure and compression ratio of the compression stroke, but the maximum energy is not (unnecessarily) increased by replenishing the liquid. It is also necessary to pay attention to.

本実施形態では、本発明によるガス状媒体の圧縮を行うに際して、係る留意点を踏まえて圧縮用液体の安定した補給を可能としている。   In the present embodiment, when the gaseous medium according to the present invention is compressed, the liquid for compression can be stably replenished in consideration of such considerations.

この場合、原則として圧縮に必要な液体を補給する時点は、両シリンダ間の液体給排系における実際の動力消費量又は消費電力に応じて定められ、好ましくは消費電力が最小となる時点付近で液体の補給が行われる。この時点では、液体給排用駆動ポンプ、即ち液体ポンプＸに充分な出力の余裕があり、従ってこの余裕出力を液体の補給に有効利用することが可能である。   In this case, in principle, the time point at which the liquid necessary for compression is replenished is determined according to the actual power consumption or power consumption in the liquid supply / discharge system between both cylinders, and preferably around the time point at which power consumption is minimized. Liquid replenishment is performed. At this time, the liquid supply / discharge drive pump, that is, the liquid pump X has a sufficient output margin. Therefore, the margin output can be effectively used for liquid supply.

補給液体Ｄは、図示しない液体容器から補給ポンプＰを備えた導管１０を通じてシリンダＺ１、Ｚ２内に導入されるが、この補給液体の導入は、ガス状媒体の圧縮行程を終えて吸込行程中にあるほうのシリンダに対して行うことが好ましい。但し、この場合、補給が圧縮と吸込の行程の転換点付近で行われないように注意する必要がある。これは、行程の転換点付近で補給を行うと、液体Ｄが場合によってはシリンダＺ１又はＺ２から取出導管２’、２”を介して逸出する恐れがあり、その結果として、シリンダＺ１又はＺ２から取り出される圧縮後のガス状媒体をそれに随伴する液体から分離するための気液分離器Ａの容積を相応に大形化しなければならないという不都合を招くからである。また、吸込行程中に限定して液体の補給を行うようにすることにより、補給ポンプＰの消費電力も最小限に抑えることが可能となる。   The replenishment liquid D is introduced into the cylinders Z1 and Z2 from the liquid container (not shown) through the conduit 10 having the replenishment pump P. This replenishment liquid is introduced during the suction stroke after the compression stroke of the gaseous medium is completed. It is preferred to do this for one cylinder. In this case, however, care must be taken so that replenishment is not performed near the turning point between the compression and suction strokes. This is because when the liquid is replenished near the turning point of the stroke, the liquid D may escape from the cylinder Z1 or Z2 via the extraction conduits 2 ′ and 2 ″ as a result, and as a result, the cylinder Z1 or Z2 This is because the volume of the gas-liquid separator A for separating the compressed gaseous medium taken out from the liquid from the accompanying liquid must be increased accordingly, and only during the suction stroke. By replenishing the liquid, the power consumption of the replenishment pump P can be minimized.

両シリンダ間の液体給排系における液体Ｄ損失の検知は、シリンダＺ１及びＺ２内の液体レベルを計測器によって常時監視し、予め設定された基準レベルとの偏差を自動測定することによって行われ、通常、基準レベルの値は圧縮プロセスのスタートアップ時に決定される。   The detection of the liquid D loss in the liquid supply / discharge system between both cylinders is performed by constantly monitoring the liquid level in the cylinders Z1 and Z2 by a measuring instrument and automatically measuring a deviation from a preset reference level, Usually, the reference level value is determined at the start-up of the compression process.

本発明のガス状媒体の圧縮方法による更に別の好適な実施形態では液体Ｄが電場に曝される。このための装置として、少なくとも一方のシリンダ内に電場を発生する電極を配置することができる。   In yet another preferred embodiment of the gaseous medium compression method of the present invention, the liquid D is exposed to an electric field. As an apparatus for this purpose, an electrode for generating an electric field can be arranged in at least one of the cylinders.

即ち、液体Ｄとして特にイオン性液体を使用する場合、イオン性液体は他の流体（気体又は液体、蒸気など）に直接触れると境界面で混和と２相混合物の形成を生起する。本発明による場合、例えばシリンダ内のイオン性液体と圧縮対象のガス状媒体との境界面にそのような２相混合物が生じる可能性がある。   That is, when an ionic liquid is used as the liquid D, when the ionic liquid directly touches another fluid (gas, liquid, vapor, etc.), it causes mixing and formation of a two-phase mixture at the interface. In the case of the present invention, such a two-phase mixture may occur at the interface between the ionic liquid in the cylinder and the gaseous medium to be compressed, for example.

イオン性液体と圧縮対象のガス状媒体との分離を確実にして信頼性のあるものとするためには、両者間に充分な密度差があることと、適切な重力場（この場合は重力加速度によって生ずる）が必要不可欠である。それによりシリンダ内の逆加速度の最大値が定義される。これは、地球の重力場では７m/s2という最大加速度が実現されるということになる。しかしながら、この程度の加速度では、生成した２相混合物を再び完全に分離させるには不充分であることが稀ではない。 In order to ensure reliable separation of the ionic liquid from the gaseous medium to be compressed, there must be a sufficient density difference between them and an appropriate gravitational field (in this case, gravitational acceleration). Caused by) is essential. Thereby, the maximum value of the reverse acceleration in the cylinder is defined. This means that a maximum acceleration of 7 m / s 2 is achieved in the Earth's gravitational field. However, it is not uncommon for this degree of acceleration to be sufficient to completely separate the resulting two-phase mixture again.

そこで本発明の圧縮方法では、その発展形態として液体を電場に曝し、電場によって重力やコリオリの力等の自然の力場の強度を補うことにより２相混合物の完全分離を可能にするものである。   Therefore, in the compression method of the present invention, as a development form, the liquid is exposed to an electric field, and the strength of a natural force field such as gravity or Coriolis force is supplemented by the electric field, thereby enabling complete separation of the two-phase mixture. .

適切な双極子モーメント及び／又は適切な導電性を示すことのできるイオン性液体ではいずれの場合にもこの発展形態を活用することが可能である。   It is possible to take advantage of this development in any case for ionic liquids that can exhibit a suitable dipole moment and / or a suitable conductivity.

電場を用いてイオン性液体に影響を及ぼすことにより、本発明のようにガス状媒体の圧縮にピストンを使用しない方式の圧縮の転換点における行程の加速度を、気体と液体との相の混合を生じる恐れを増すことなく高めることが可能になる。更に、イオン性液体と圧縮対象のガス状媒体との密度差が比較的小さい場合でも、イオン性液体を２相混合物から確実且つ充分な信頼性で分離することが可能になる。図示の実施形態以外にも、本発明の方法及び装置において単一又は３基以上のシリンダを備た変形形態も実現可能である。シリンダが単一の場合には、圧縮後のガス状媒体を一定の圧縮圧力で連続的に取り出すことはできないが、２基以上のシリンダを設けた場合には、各シリンダの動作周期の位相を等角度的に配分して圧縮後のガス状媒体を所望の一定圧力で取り出すようにすることが可能である。   By using an electric field to affect the ionic liquid, the acceleration of the stroke at the turning point of compression in which the piston is not used for compressing the gaseous medium as in the present invention, the mixing of the phase of the gas and the liquid is performed. It is possible to increase without increasing the risk of occurrence. Furthermore, even when the density difference between the ionic liquid and the gaseous medium to be compressed is relatively small, the ionic liquid can be reliably and sufficiently separated from the two-phase mixture. In addition to the illustrated embodiment, variations of the method and apparatus of the present invention with single or more than three cylinders are possible. When a single cylinder is used, the compressed gaseous medium cannot be continuously taken out at a constant compression pressure. However, when two or more cylinders are provided, the phase of the operation cycle of each cylinder is changed. It is possible to take out the gaseous medium after compression at a desired constant pressure by equiangular distribution.

本発明によれば、圧縮系内にピストン等の動的な固体部品やダイナミックシール機構等の摺動摩耗部品が一切不要であるため、設備コストは著しく節減される。加えて、従来のピストン形圧縮機に比べて保守整備の時間間隔を長くすることができるため、保守整備コストも低減される。   According to the present invention, since no dynamic solid parts such as pistons or sliding wear parts such as dynamic seal mechanisms are required in the compression system, the equipment cost is significantly reduced. In addition, since the maintenance interval can be extended as compared with the conventional piston compressor, the maintenance cost is also reduced.

本発明は、ガス状媒体を現時点で実現可能な１，０００ｂａｒの圧力にまで圧縮するのに好適である。但し、原理上は更に高い任意の圧力も達成可能であることを強調しておきたい。更に本発明によれば、単に１段のみの圧縮段で最高圧力にまで圧縮することが可能になる。しかも圧縮ガスの取出流量は液体ポンプの吐出量調整により任意に変えることができる。特に高純度ガス状媒体の圧縮に関して本発明はその種のガス状媒体をも極めて高い圧力にまで圧縮することをコスト的に有利な態様で可能にするものである。   The present invention is suitable for compressing gaseous media to a pressure of 1,000 bar that is currently feasible. However, it should be emphasized that in principle any higher pressure can be achieved. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to compress to the maximum pressure with only one compression stage. In addition, the flow rate of the compressed gas can be arbitrarily changed by adjusting the discharge amount of the liquid pump. In particular with regard to the compression of high purity gaseous media, the present invention allows such gaseous media to be compressed to very high pressures in a cost-effective manner.

Claims (16)

ガス状媒体、特に気体水素を圧縮するに際し、ガス状媒体の圧縮（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）を液体（Ｄ）によって行い、この液体（Ｄ）として、ガス状媒体を溶解しない液体及び／又はガス状媒体から残らず分離可能な液体を用いることを特徴とするガス状媒体の圧縮方法。   When compressing a gaseous medium, in particular gaseous hydrogen, the gaseous medium is compressed (Z1, Z2) with the liquid (D), and the liquid (D) does not dissolve the gaseous medium and / or the gaseous medium. A method for compressing a gaseous medium, characterized in that a separable liquid is used. 液体（Ｄ）として、イオン性液体、難沸騰性油圧作動液、飽和蒸気圧が極めて低い液体又はガス溶解度が１０−４mol/L bar未満の液体を用いることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。 The liquid (D) is an ionic liquid, a hardly-boiling hydraulic fluid, a liquid having a very low saturated vapor pressure, or a liquid having a gas solubility of less than 10 −4 mol / L bar. the method of. 液体（Ｄ）を通して圧縮熱の少なくとも一部を排出することを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の方法。   3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least part of the compression heat is discharged through the liquid (D). 圧縮後のガス状媒体（２’、２”）に随伴する前記液体をこの圧縮後のガス状媒体（２’、２”）から分離（Ａ）することを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の方法。   The liquid according to the compressed gaseous medium (2 ', 2 ") is separated (A) from the compressed gaseous medium (2', 2"). The method according to any one of the above. 圧縮後のガス状媒体（２’、２”）から分離された液体（９、８）を直接又は中間貯蔵（Ｓ）を介して再び圧縮（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に還流することを特徴とする請求項４に記載の方法。   The liquid (9, 8) separated from the compressed gaseous medium (2 ′, 2 ″) is returned to the compression (Z1, Z2) again directly or via intermediate storage (S). Item 5. The method according to Item 4. 圧縮（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）によってガス状媒体をほぼ１，０００分の１に圧縮することを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の方法。   6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gaseous medium is compressed approximately 1,000 times by compression (Z1, Z2). 圧縮すべきガス状媒体の吸込行程中にその後の圧縮（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に用いる液体（Ｄ）の補給を行うことを特徴とする請求項１〜６のいずれか１項に記載の方法。   7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid (D) used for the subsequent compression (Z1, Z2) is supplied during the suction stroke of the gaseous medium to be compressed. 液体（Ｄ）を電場に曝すことを特徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれか１項に記載の方法。   The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid (D) is exposed to an electric field. ガス状媒体、特に気体水素を圧縮する装置であって、
ａ）１つ又は複数のシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）と、
ｂ）圧縮すべきガス状媒体をシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に供給し、或いは該シリンダから取り出すための供給導管（１、１’、１”）及び取出導管（２、２’、２”）と、
ｃ）個々のシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に接続され、ガス状媒体の圧縮に用いる液体（Ｄ）をシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に導入し、或いは該シリンダから導出するための液体導管（３、５）と、
ｄ）シリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）内の液体（Ｄ）の量を変化させる手段と、
を備え、
ｅ）前記液体（Ｄ）が、圧縮すべきガス状媒体を溶解しない性質及び／又はガス状媒体から残らず分離可能な性質を有する液体であることを特徴とするガス状媒体の圧縮装置。 A device for compressing gaseous media, in particular gaseous hydrogen,
a) one or more cylinders (Z1, Z2);
b) a supply conduit (1, 1 ′, 1 ″) and an extraction conduit (2, 2 ′, 2 ″) for supplying or removing the gaseous medium to be compressed to or from the cylinder (Z1, Z2); ,
c) Liquid conduits (3, 5) connected to the individual cylinders (Z1, Z2) for introducing the liquid (D) used for compressing the gaseous medium into or out of the cylinder (Z1, Z2) )When,
d) means for changing the amount of the liquid (D) in the cylinders (Z1, Z2);
With
e) The gaseous medium compression apparatus, wherein the liquid (D) is a liquid having a property of not dissolving the gaseous medium to be compressed and / or a property of being separable from the gaseous medium. シリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）内の液体の量を変化させる手段が、液体ポンプ、油圧ポンプ、アキシャルピストンポンプ、摺動プランジャポンプ、又は歯車ポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項９に記載の装置。   Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the means for changing the amount of liquid in the cylinder (Z1, Z2) comprises a liquid pump, a hydraulic pump, an axial piston pump, a sliding plunger pump or a gear pump. 個々のシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に接続された液体導管（３、５）に圧縮熱排出用の熱交換器（Ｋ１、Ｋ２）が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項９又は１０に記載の装置。   11. A heat exchanger (K1, K2) for exhausting compression heat is provided in the liquid conduits (3, 5) connected to the individual cylinders (Z1, Z2). Equipment. 圧縮後のガス状媒体の取出導管（２、２’、２”）に圧縮後のガス状媒体（２、２’、２”）に随伴する液体を分離するための分離器（Ａ）が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項９〜１１のいずれか１項に記載の装置。   A separator (A) for separating the liquid accompanying the gaseous medium after compression (2, 2 ′, 2 ″) is connected to the compressed gas medium outlet conduit (2, 2 ′, 2 ″). The device according to claim 9, wherein the device is a device. 分離器（Ａ）が液体流（９、８）に関して少なくとも１つのシリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）に連通するように設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１２に記載の装置。   13. A device according to claim 12, characterized in that the separator (A) is provided in communication with at least one cylinder (Z1, Z2) with respect to the liquid stream (9, 8). 分離器（Ａ）に液体貯蔵容器（Ｓ）が付設されていることを特徴とする請求項１２又は１３に記載の装置。   14. A device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the separator (A) is provided with a liquid storage container (S). シリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）の内部に熱交換器（Ｅ１、Ｅ２）が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項９〜１４のいずれか１項に記載の装置。   Device according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that heat exchangers (E1, E2) are arranged inside the cylinders (Z1, Z2). シリンダ（Ｚ１、Ｚ２）内に電場を発生させる手段が更に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項９〜１５のいずれか１項に記載の装置。   16. The device according to any one of claims 9 to 15, further comprising means for generating an electric field in the cylinder (Z1, Z2).
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CA2581280A1 (en) 2006-04-06
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EP1792087B1 (en) 2011-10-26
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