JP2008309094A - Warming-up device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To warm up an internal combustion engine before its start by using electric power obtained from the sunlight and solar heat. <P>SOLUTION: A vehicle 100 includes the engine 100, a power generation unit 200, a circuit 300, a water pump 400, a valve 500, a heater 600, a battery 700 and an ECU 800. In the engine 100, a water jacket (not shown in the figure) where cooling water flows is provided. The power generation unit 200 includes a solar battery panel 210 provided in a roof upper part of the vehicle 10 and generating electric power by converting light energy to electric energy and an outside flow passage 220 where cooling water flows. The circuit 300 includes circuits 310, 320 and a bypass flow passage 330. The water pump 400, valve 500 and heater 600 are operated by electric power from the battery 700. Electric power generated by the solar battery panel 210 is stored in the battery 700 via a harness 710. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for warming up an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle, and more particularly, to a technique for warming up an internal combustion engine provided with a cooling path through which a refrigerant flows.

  2. Description of the Related Art A warming-up device that warms up an internal combustion engine by circulating heated cooling water through a cooling path provided in the internal combustion engine at a low temperature of the internal combustion engine is known. In such a warm-up device, techniques for heating cooling water using solar energy are disclosed in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 61-51436 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-342731 (Patent Document 2). Is disclosed.

  An engine preheating device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 is installed on a roof of a vehicle body, a heat retaining container incorporating a heat collector that collects solar heat by a lens, a water pipe communicating the heat retaining container and the engine cooling system, and a water pipe An electric pump provided in the above, a float switch for detecting the water level in the heat insulation container and controlling the operation of the electric pump, means for extracting hot cooling water from the engine and storing it in the heat insulation container when the engine is stopped, And a means for preheating the heat-retaining cooling water stored in the heat-retaining container when the engine is started.

  According to the engine preheating device disclosed in Patent Literature 1, when the engine is stopped, the high-temperature cooling water is extracted from the engine and stored in a heat-retaining container provided on the roof of the vehicle body, and the heat is collected while collecting solar heat. Heat in a vessel. When the engine is started, the engine is preheated by returning the heat retaining cooling water stored in the heat retaining container to the engine. For this reason, even when the vehicle is parked in a parking lot, outdoors, mountains, or the like that are not equipped with a power supply facility during cold weather, the engine can be quickly preheated by the heat energy of the cooled cooling water.

  The vehicle heat storage device disclosed in Patent Document 2 is provided in a cooling water circuit in which cooling water of a water-cooled internal combustion engine is circulated by a circulation pump. This heat storage device is a heat storage container having a heat insulating structure that accumulates cooling water flowing through the cooling water circuit, a conversion means that is disposed on the vehicle body and converts light from a light source outside the vehicle body into electrical energy, A heating element that is powered by the conversion means and heats the cooling water in the heat storage container.

According to the vehicle heat storage device disclosed in Patent Document 2, as long as there is light (for example, sunlight) from the light source outside the vehicle body, power can be constantly supplied to the heating element by the conversion means, so Even when the operation of the engine is stopped, the temperature of the cooling water in the heat storage container can be maintained. As a result, the internal combustion engine can be warmed up using the high-temperature cooling water stored in the heat storage container before the internal combustion engine is started, and the internal combustion engine can be easily started even in cold weather. Can do.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-51436 JP-A-11-342731

  By the way, as in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, in order to sufficiently warm up the internal combustion engine by circulating the cooling water, it is necessary to make a large amount of the cooling water high. Therefore, it is desirable to use solar energy more efficiently for heating the cooling water.

  However, Patent Document 1 discloses only a technique for collecting solar heat to heat the cooling water, and it is conceivable that the cooling water cannot be sufficiently heated depending on weather conditions. Patent Document 2 discloses only a technique for heating cooling water using electric power obtained from sunlight. Therefore, solar energy that is not converted into electric power cannot be used for heating the cooling water.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to warm up an internal combustion engine using electric power obtained from sunlight and solar heat while saving space. Is to provide a warm-up device that can

  A warm-up device according to a first aspect warms up an internal combustion engine that is mounted on a vehicle and includes a cooling passage through which a refrigerant flows. This warm-up device is provided on the outer surface of the vehicle and is connected to a power generation unit including a power generation element that generates power by light energy and an external flow path through which a refrigerant flows, and a circulation path through which the refrigerant flows. Provided in any one of the passage, the cooling passage, the external flow path, and the circulation path, and is provided in any one of the cooling path, the external flow path, and the circulation path. And a circulating pump mechanism.

  According to the first invention, the power generation unit is provided on the outer surface of the vehicle. Since the power generation unit includes a power generation element that generates power using light energy, power can be obtained from solar energy. In addition to the power generation element, the power generation unit is provided with an external flow path through which the refrigerant flows. In this way, the external flow path through which the refrigerant flows is unitized with the power generation element provided on the outer surface of the vehicle, thereby saving space and via solar heat or the power generation element directly transmitted from sunlight. Thus, the refrigerant in the external channel can be heated by solar heat transmitted indirectly. Furthermore, the electric power generated by the power generation element generates heat in the heater provided in the circulation path, and warms the refrigerant in the circulation path. The refrigerant in the external flow path warmed by solar heat and the refrigerant in the circulation path warmed by electric power obtained from solar energy are circulated by the pump mechanism and flow through the cooling path of the internal combustion engine. Thereby, the heat of the refrigerant is transmitted to the internal combustion engine, and the internal combustion engine is warmed up. As a result, it is possible to provide a warming-up device that can warm up the internal combustion engine using electric power obtained from sunlight and solar heat while saving space. In the warm-up device according to the second invention, in addition to the configuration of the first invention, the external flow path is provided in contact with the power generating element.

  According to the second invention, the external flow path is provided in contact with the power generation element. Therefore, the solar heat absorbed by the power generation element and the heat generated by the power generation element during power generation can be positively transmitted from the contact surface to the external channel.

  In the warm-up device according to the third invention, in addition to the configuration of the first or second invention, the power generation unit is provided above the roof portion of the vehicle. The external flow path is provided below the power generation element.

  According to the third invention, the power generation unit is provided on the outer surface of the roof portion of the vehicle. For this reason, a large amount of sunlight irradiated from above can be received by the power generation unit. Furthermore, the external flow path is provided below the power generation element. Thereby, compared with the case where an external flow path and a power generation element are provided in parallel in the horizontal direction, it is possible to ensure a large light receiving area of the power generation element while reducing the size of the power generation unit in the horizontal direction. Therefore, even if it is a case where a power generation unit is provided in the limited space called the outer surface of a roof part, more power generation amount in a power generation unit can be ensured.

  In the warming-up device according to the fourth invention, in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to third inventions, the pump mechanism is driven by the electric power generated by the power generation element.

  According to the fourth invention, as long as sunlight is present, the pump mechanism can be driven even when the internal combustion engine is stopped. Therefore, the cooling water can be circulated while the internal combustion engine is stopped. Thereby, since the internal combustion engine is already warmed up when the internal combustion engine is started, the startability of the internal combustion engine can be further improved as compared with the case where the cooling water is circulated after the internal combustion engine is started.

  In the warming-up device according to the fifth invention, in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to fourth inventions, means for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling path and the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling path are predetermined. And a means for controlling the heater to generate heat when the value is lower than the specified value.

  According to the fifth invention, the heater generates heat when the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling path is lower than a predetermined value. Thereby, the temperature of the refrigerant | coolant in a cooling path can be maintained more than predetermined temperature, suppressing the power consumption by a heater.

  A warming-up device according to a sixth aspect of the invention includes a state in which the refrigerant is circulated via an external flow path and the refrigerant is externally flowed in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to fourth aspects of the invention. A valve that switches between a state in which the refrigerant circulates without passing through the passage, a means for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling passage, and the refrigerant in the external passage when the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling passage is higher than a predetermined value. And a means for controlling the valve so as to circulate without going through.

  According to the sixth invention, when the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling path becomes higher than a predetermined value, the valve is switched and the refrigerant does not flow to the external flow path. Therefore, the power generation element provided in the power generation unit can be protected from being separated from the high-temperature refrigerant.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. Their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

  With reference to FIG. 1, the structure of the vehicle 10 carrying the warming-up apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment is demonstrated. In the present embodiment, the vehicle 10 using an internal combustion engine as a power source will be described. However, the vehicle to which the warm-up device according to the present invention can be applied is at least a vehicle using the internal combustion engine as a power source. For example, the vehicle 10 may be a hybrid vehicle that uses at least one of an internal combustion engine and rotating electricity as a power source.

  The vehicle 10 includes an engine 100, a power generation unit 200, a circulation path 300, a water pump 400 (W / P), a valve 500, a heater 600, a battery 700, and an ECU 800.

  Engine 100 is an internal combustion engine that burns a mixture of fuel and air injected from an injector (not shown) in a combustion chamber of a cylinder. The piston in the cylinder is pushed down by the combustion, and the crankshaft is rotated. The cylinder block and cylinder head of engine 100 are provided with a water jacket (not shown) through which cooling water flows.

  The power generation unit 200 is provided on the top of the roof of the vehicle 10. The power generation unit 200 includes a solar cell panel 210 that generates light by converting light energy into electrical energy, and an external flow path 220 through which cooling water flows. The power generation unit 200 will be described in detail later.

  The circulation path 300 includes circulation paths 310 and 320 and a bypass flow path 330. The circulation path 310 is connected to the outlet side of the water jacket of the engine 100 via the water pump 400 on the upstream side, and connected to the inlet side of the external flow path 220 on the downstream side. The circulation path 320 is connected to the outlet side of the external flow path 220 on the upstream side, and connected to the inlet side of the water jacket of the engine 100 via the valve 500 and the heater 600 on the downstream side. The circulation path 310 and the circulation path 320 are communicated with each other by a bypass flow path 330 that circulates the refrigerant without passing through the external flow path 220.

  Water pump 400 is provided at a connection portion between the outlet side of the water jacket of engine 100 and circulation path 310. The water pump 400 is connected to the battery 700 and is driven by electric power from the battery 700 to circulate cooling water. Water pump 400 is connected to ECU 800, and the driving of water pump 400 is controlled by a signal from ECU 800.

  The valve 500 is provided at a junction between the circulation path 320 and the bypass flow path 330. The valve 500 is connected to the battery 700 and opens and closes by electric power from the battery 700. Valve 500 is connected to ECU 800, and the open / closed state of valve 500 is controlled by a signal from ECU 800. When the valve 500 is in the open state, the bypass flow path 330 and the circulation path 320 are blocked, and the cooling water inside the external flow path 220 is circulated to the water jacket of the engine 100 via the circulation path 320. When the valve 500 is in the closed state, the circulation path 320 is blocked on the upstream side and the downstream side with the valve 500 as a boundary, and the bypass flow path 330 and the downstream side of the circulation path 320 communicate with each other. Thus, the cooling water is circulated to the water jacket of the engine 100 via the bypass flow path 330 without passing through the external flow path 220. The place where the valve 500 is provided is not limited to the junction of the circulation path 320 and the bypass flow path 330 as long as the coolant can be circulated without passing through the external flow path 220. .

  The heater 600 is provided in the circulation path 320 between the valve 500 and the inlet side of the water jacket of the engine 100. The heater 600 is connected to the battery 700. The heater 600 is connected to the ECU 800, and the on / off state of the heater 600 is controlled by a signal from the ECU 800. When the heater 600 is in the on state, the heater 600 generates heat by the electric power from the battery 700. The place where the heater 600 is provided is not limited to the place between the valve 500 and the inlet side of the water jacket of the engine 100 as long as the cooling water circulates regardless of the open / closed state of the valve 500.

  The battery 700 is connected to each electrical device provided in the vehicle 10 with a harness or the like, and supplies power to each electrical device. The battery 700 is connected to the solar cell panel 210 in the power generation unit 200 by a harness 710. The electric power generated by the solar cell panel 210 is stored in the battery 700 via the harness 710.

  A cooling water temperature sensor 802, a panel temperature sensor 804, and a power sensor 806 are connected to the ECU 800 by a harness or the like.

  Cooling water temperature sensor 802 is provided at a position close to the water jacket of engine 100, detects the temperature TW of the cooling water in the water jacket, and transmits a signal representing the detection result to ECU 800.

  Panel temperature sensor 804 is provided at a position in contact with solar cell panel 210, detects temperature TP of solar cell panel 210, and transmits a signal representing the detection result to ECU 800.

  The power sensor 806 detects the generated power value PP of the solar cell panel 210 from the voltage value at both ends of the solar cell panel 210 and the current value supplied from the solar cell panel 210 to the battery 700, and transmits a signal representing the detection result to the ECU 800. To do.

  ECU 800 is based on signals sent from cooling water temperature sensor 802, panel temperature sensor 804, power sensor 806, a map and a program stored in ROM (Read Only Memory), and water pump 400, valve 500 and heater 600. To control.

  With reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the electric power generation unit 200 which comprises a part of warming-up apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment is demonstrated. FIG. 2 is a view of the power generation unit 200 as viewed from above the vehicle 10. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in FIG.

  As described above, the power generation unit 200 is provided on the roof of the vehicle 10 and includes the solar cell panel 210 and the external flow path 220.

  The upper surface shape of the solar cell panel 210 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape throughout the power generation unit 200 so that more solar energy can be taken in. Moreover, the solar cell panel 210 is provided above the external flow path 220 so that sunlight energy can be directly taken in.

  The upper surface of the external flow path 220 is provided so as to be in contact with the lower surface of the solar cell panel 210 so as to directly exchange heat with the solar cell panel 210. Furthermore, in order to increase the contact area with the solar cell panel 210 as much as possible, the channel cross section of the external channel 220 is formed in a long hole shape with the contact surface direction with the solar cell panel 210 as the longitudinal direction, The flow path 220 meanders from the entrance side to the exit side so as to contact the entire lower surface of the solar cell panel 210.

  With reference to FIG. 4, the functional block diagram of the warming-up apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 4, this warm-up device includes an operation determination unit 810 and a command unit 820.

  The operation determination unit 810 determines how to operate each part of the water pump 400, the valve 500, and the heater 600 based on signals from the coolant temperature sensor 802, the panel temperature sensor 804, and the power sensor 806.

  The command unit 820 transmits an operation command to each part of the heater 600, the water pump 400, and the valve 500 based on the determination result of the operation determination unit 810.

  Such functions mainly include a CPU (Central Processing Unit) included in the ECU 800 and a memory and a program that is read from the memory and executed by the CPU even in hardware mainly composed of a digital circuit or an analog circuit. It can also be realized with the software. In general, it is said that it is advantageous in terms of operation speed when realized by hardware, and advantageous in terms of design change when realized by software. Hereinafter, a case where the above-described function is realized by software will be described.

  With reference to FIG. 5, a control structure of a program executed by ECU 800 constituting a part of the warm-up device according to the present embodiment will be described. This program is repeatedly executed at a predetermined cycle time regardless of whether engine 100 is in an operating state or not.

  In step (hereinafter, step is abbreviated as S) 100, ECU 800 determines the temperature TW of the cooling water in the water jacket, the solar cell panel based on the signals from cooling water temperature sensor 802, panel temperature sensor 804, and power sensor 806. Monitoring of the temperature TP of 210 and the generated power value PP of the solar cell panel 210 is started.

  In S102, ECU 800 determines whether or not temperature TW of the cooling water in the water jacket is lower than threshold value A. The threshold value A is set from the viewpoint of whether or not the engine 100 needs to be warmed up in consideration of the startability and operation continuity of the engine 100. If lower than threshold value A (YES in S102), the process proceeds to S104. Otherwise (NO in S102), the process proceeds to S116.

  In S104, ECU 800 determines whether or not generated power value PP is larger than threshold value B. The threshold value B is set according to the power consumption value when the water pump 400, the valve 500, and the heater 600 are operated. If greater than threshold value B (YES in S104), the process proceeds to S106. Otherwise (NO in S104), this process ends.

  In S106, ECU 800 determines whether temperature TP of solar cell panel 210 is higher than threshold value C or not. The threshold value C is set to be at least a value higher than the temperature TW of the cooling water in the water jacket. If it is higher than threshold value C (YES in S106), the process proceeds to S108. Otherwise (NO in S106), the process proceeds to S110.

  In S108, ECU 800 controls valve 500 to the open state. In S110, ECU 800 controls valve 500 to a closed state. In S112, ECU 800 turns on water pump 400. In S114, ECU 800 turns on heater 600.

  In S116, ECU 800 determines whether or not temperature TW of the cooling water in the water jacket is higher than threshold value D. The threshold value D is higher than the threshold value A, and is set from the viewpoint of whether or not it is necessary to suppress the circulation of the cooling water to the external flow path 220 in consideration of the heat resistance of the solar cell panel 210. . If it is higher than threshold value D (YES in S116), the process proceeds to S118. Otherwise (NO in S116), the process proceeds to S120.

  In S118, ECU 800 controls valve 500 to a closed state. In S120, ECU 800 controls valve 500 to the open state. In S122, ECU 800 turns off water pump 400. In S124, ECU 800 turns off heater 600.

  The operation of the warming-up device according to the present embodiment based on the above-described structure and flowchart will be described.

  When the solar cell panel 210 inside the power generation unit 200 is irradiated with sunlight when the engine 100 is stopped, a part of the irradiated solar energy is converted into the generated power value PP by the solar cell panel 210, The battery 700 is charged. On the other hand, part of the solar energy that was desired to be converted into electric energy is absorbed by the solar cell panel 210 as heat energy, and the solar cell panel 210 is heated.

  The upper surface of the external flow path 220 is provided so as to contact the lower surface of the solar cell panel 210. Therefore, the solar heat absorbed by the solar cell panel 210 and the heat generated by the solar cell panel 210 during power generation can be positively transmitted directly from the contact surface to the external flow path 220. Thereby, the refrigerant | coolant inside the external flow path 220 is heated.

  Furthermore, compared with the case where the solar cell panel 210 and the external flow path 220 are arranged in the horizontal direction, the light receiving area of the solar cell panel 210 can be ensured while reducing the size of the power generation unit 200 in the horizontal direction. Therefore, even when the power generation unit 200 is provided in a limited space on the roof of the vehicle 10, it is possible to secure a larger amount of power generation in the solar cell panel 210.

  Further, in order to increase the contact area with the solar cell panel 210 as much as possible, the channel cross section of the external channel 220 is formed in a long hole shape having the contact surface direction with the solar cell panel 210 as a longitudinal direction, and the solar cell panel Serpentine in contact with the entire lower surface of 210. Thereby, heat exchange between the solar cell panel 210 and the external flow path 220 is more actively performed. Therefore, even when the weather is relatively bad, the refrigerant in the external flow path 220 can be set to a higher temperature.

  The temperature TW of the cooling water in the water jacket, the temperature TP of the solar cell panel 210, and the generated power value PP of the solar cell panel 210 are monitored (S100). If the temperature TW of the cooling water in the water jacket is low (YES in S102), it is necessary to warm up engine 100.

  Therefore, the power generation value PP of solar cell panel 210 is larger than the power consumption value when water pump 400, valve 500 and heater 600 are operated (YES in S104), and temperature TP of solar cell panel 210 is within the water jacket. If it is higher than the temperature TW of the cooling water (YES in S106), valve 500 is opened (S108), water pump 400 is turned on (S112), and heater 600 is turned on (S114). Therefore, the cooling water inside the external flow path 220 heated by solar heat and the cooling water heated by the heater 600 flow to the water jacket of the engine 100. Thereby, engine 100 is warmed up while engine 100 is stopped. Note that the power of the battery 700 is consumed by the operation of the water pump 400, the valve 500, and the heater 600. At the same time, the battery 700 is charged with the generated power of the solar cell panel 210. Thereby, overdischarge of the battery 700 is suppressed.

  When temperature TP of solar cell panel 210 is lower than cooling water temperature TW in the water jacket (NO in S106), valve 500 is closed (S110) and engine 100 is warmed up only by heater 600. (S112, S114).

  Further, when temperature TW of the cooling water in the water jacket is high (NO in S102, YES in S116), valve 500 is closed (S118), and water pump 400 and heater 600 are turned off (S22, S124). Thereby, the solar cell panel 210 can be separated and protected from the high-temperature cooling water.

  As described above, according to the warming-up device according to the present embodiment, the solar cell panel is provided in the upper part of the roof of the vehicle, and the external flow path through which the cooling water circulates between the engine and the engine is in contact with the lower side of the solar cell panel. So as to be integrated. Therefore, the cooling water is heated by solar heat, and the heater and the water pump are operated by the electric power generated by the solar cell panel. Therefore, the engine can be warmed up before the engine is started using the electric power obtained from sunlight and solar heat while saving the space of the power generation unit.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the external flow path 220 is provided below the solar cell panel 210 has been described, but the positional relationship between the external flow path 220 and the solar cell panel 210 is not limited thereto. For example, all or part of the external flow path 220 may be provided so as not to overlap the solar cell panel 210 in the vertical direction so that the external flow path 220 is directly irradiated with sunlight.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the vehicle by which the warming-up apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention is mounted. It is a figure (the 1) which shows the electric power generation unit which comprises the warming-up apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is FIG. (2) which shows the electric power generation unit which comprises the warming-up apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a functional block diagram of ECU which comprises the warming-up apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the control structure of ECU which comprises the warming-up apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  10 Vehicle, 100 Engine, 200 Power generation unit, 210 Solar panel, 220 External flow path, 300, 310, 320 Circulation path, 330 Bypass flow path, 400 Water pump, 500 Valve, 600 Heater, 700 Battery, 710 Harness, 800 ECU, 802 Cooling water temperature sensor, 804 Panel temperature sensor, 806 Power sensor, 810 Operation determination part, 820 Command part.

Claims (6)

A warm-up device for an internal combustion engine equipped with a cooling path mounted on a vehicle and through which a refrigerant flows,
A power generation unit that is provided on the outer surface of the vehicle and includes a power generation element that generates power by light energy and an external flow path through which the refrigerant flows;
A circulation path connected to the cooling path and the external flow path, through which the refrigerant flows;
A heater provided in any one of the cooling path, the external flow path, and the circulation path and generating heat by the power generated by the power generation element;
A warming-up device including a pump mechanism that is provided in any one of the cooling path, the external flow path, and the circulation path and circulates the refrigerant.   The warm-up device according to claim 1, wherein the external flow path is provided in contact with the power generation element. The power generation unit is provided on an outer surface of the roof portion of the vehicle,
The warm-up device according to claim 1, wherein the external flow path is provided below the power generation element.   The warm-up device according to claim 1, wherein the pump mechanism is driven by electric power generated by the power generation element. The warm-up device is
Means for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling path;
The warming-up apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising means for controlling the heater to generate heat when the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling path is lower than a predetermined value. The warm-up device is
A valve provided in the circulation path for switching between a state where the refrigerant circulates via the external flow path and a state where the refrigerant circulates without passing through the external flow path;
Means for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling path;
And a means for controlling the valve so that the refrigerant circulates without passing through the external flow path when the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling path is higher than a predetermined value. Item 5. A warming-up device according to any one of Items 1 to 4.

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